A kind of puffing granule compound feed for improving tortoise survival rate and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to feed production technology field, more particularly to a kind of swelling granular cooperation for improving tortoise survival rate is raised
Material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Tortoise (Chinemys reevesii) nickname cockchafer, grass tortoise, mud tortoise and mountain tortoise etc..It is subordinate in Zootaxy
It is one of common Chelonia animal in Reptilia, Chelonia, Testudinidae.Tortoise is rare Medicinal Reptiles, and the nourishing of tortoise meat is sought
It supports, beneficial to the work(that the moon is enriched blood, chronic cough spitting of blood, bloody flux, cold, hemorrhoid blood, arthralgia and myalgia etc. can be controlled, tortoiseshell, tortoise plastron are rare Chinese medicine
Material increasingly increases rich in bone collagen, calcium, phosphorus and a variety of lipids, nutritive and medicinal value, is favored by people.At present,
Deterioration and artificial excessively capture, the natural resources of tortoise due to ecological environment are increasingly reduced.At home and abroad market to tortoise meat and
Under the active demand of tortoiseshell, the artificial breeding of tortoise is increasingly prosperous.
Since tortoise can be by bacterium infection in growth course, it may appear that the diseases such as rotten first, Beancurd sheet, enteritis, serious prestige
The healthy growth of tortoise is coerced.Ensure the healthy growth of tortoise, water quality is one of key point, another seeks to improve
The disease resistance and immunity of tortoise itself.
The prevention of existing tortoise disease frequently with antibiotic treatment, is easy to that animal gastrointestinal tract normal flora is caused to be lacked of proper care, production
It gives birth to drug resistance and is increased using dose, medicament residue influences the health of human body and tortoise product quality.Largely using antibiotic
The lower immunosupress that can cause tortoise, resistance decline, easily fall ill.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of puffing granule compound feeds for improving tortoise survival rate, are added in feed
Traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, it is safe, it has no toxic side effect, the disease resistance and immunity of tortoise can be improved, improve surviving for tortoise
Rate.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned puffing granule compound feed.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of puffing granule compound feed for improving tortoise survival rate by weight percentage, is mixed by following components and made
Into:Domestic fish meal 18-22%, flour 18-22%, dregs of beans 32-37%, meat meal tankage 8-13%, corn protein powder 1-3%, soybean
Oily 1-3%, Chinese medicine regulation composition 2-4%, vitamin premix 1-2%, mineral substance premix 1-2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-
2%, choline chloride 0.1-0.3%.
Preferably, the Chinese medicine regulation composition is by peppermint, Radix Astragali, the coptis, cordate houttuynia, Chinese cassia tree, hawthorn and Chinese yew
Composition, based on the weight percent for accounting for puffing granule compound feed, peppermint 0.2-0.5%, Radix Astragali 0.2-0.5%, the coptis
For 0.1-0.3%, cordate houttuynia 0.3-0.6%, Chinese cassia tree 0.5-0.8%, hawthorn 0.3-0.6%, Chinese yew 0.4-
0.7%.
The present invention by adding in specific Chinese medicine regulation composition in formula, to protect the digestive system of tortoise, simultaneously
Bactericidal antiphlogistic improves the disease resistance and immunity of tortoise, and then increases the survival rate of tortoise.Peppermint:Sterilization, resolving sputum stomach invigorating,
It is aid digestion, Radix Astragali:Liver protection, improves immunity, the coptis at protection respiratory system:Heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, purging intense heat and detonicating, cordate houttuynia:Heat-clearing solution
Poison, inducing diuresis to remove edema, Chinese cassia tree:Promoting blood circulation, stomach invigorating, hawthorn:Disperse accumulation is eaten, scattered blood stasis.Chinese yew has good inoxidizability, can improve
The immunity of tortoise.The Chinese medicine adjusts combination and complements each other, and collaboration plays effect, particularly with the addition of Chinese yew, has heat-clearing
Removing toxic substances, food digesting stomach fortifying, protection respiratory system and digestive system, antibacterial, it is antiviral, prevent intestinal bleeding and other effects, help to carry
Itself premunition of high tortoise and immunity, so as to achieve the purpose that improve survival rate.
Preferably, the Chinese yew is Taxus leaf and japanese yew fruit according to 1-2:1 weight ratio mixes.Red bean
China fir leaf is Chinese yew fresh leaf, and medicinal ingredient has difference in Taxus leaf and japanese yew fruit, is mixed with Taxus leaf and japanese yew fruit
Drug ingedient is done, it is better.Japanese yew fruit is full of nutrition, rich in trace element, can improve the immunity of tortoise.
Preferably, the vitamin premix carrier is defatted rice bran, every kilogram of vitamin premix contains following
Vitamin ingredients:VA10-20mg, VD12-15mg, VE400-500mg, VC1000-1200mg, VK20-25mg, VB130-
50mg, VB2150-180mg, VB660-90mg, VB123-6mg, calcium pantothenate 120-180mg, folic acid 4-8mg, niacinamide 30-60mg,
Biotin 15-20mg, inositol 350-450mg.Vitamin premix is designed according to the nutritional need of tortoise, and nutrition is arranged in pairs or groups conjunction comprehensively
Reason can improve the premunition and immunity of tortoise.
Preferably, the carrier of the mineral substance premix is zeolite powder, containing following in every kilogram of mineral substance premix
Mineral composition:Copper sulphate 5-10mg, ferrous sulfate 300-500mg, zinc sulfate 100-200mg, manganese sulfate 30-80mg, chlorination
Cobalt 200-500mg, sodium selenite 10-25mg, calcium iodate 200-350mg, magnesium sulfate 800-1200mg.Mineral substance premix according to
The nutritional need design of tortoise, collocation is reasonable comprehensively for nutrition, can improve the premunition and immunity of tortoise.
A kind of preparation method for the puffing granule compound feed for improving tortoise survival rate, includes the following steps:
(1) processing of Chinese medicine regulation composition:By the ethyl alcohol of Chinese medicine regulation composition and mass concentration 85-95% according to
1g:The solid-liquid ratio mixing of 8-10mL, heating and refluxing extraction 1-3 hours filters, filtrate decompression concentration and recovery ethyl alcohol, at 50-60 DEG C
Vacuum drying, is crushed to 80-100 mesh and obtains active ingredient of Chinese herbs powder;(2) hybrid modulation:By domestic fish meal, flour, dregs of beans, meat bone
Powder, corn protein powder, active ingredient of Chinese herbs powder, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and choline chloride mixing, are crushed to 80-100 mesh, then add in
Vitamin premix and mineral substance premix mixing obtain base-material, and base-material is modulated into moisture content as 20-22% in quality-adjusting device;
(3) it is puffing:The base-material that step (2) processing obtains enters bulking machine curing 50-90s, and extruding obtains the puffing feeding of particle
Material, it is dry, then airless spraying is carried out with soybean oil, it cools down, obtains finished product.
Preferably, the vapour pressure described in step (2) in quality-adjusting device is in order to control 0.3-0.5MPa, refining temperature is
90-105 DEG C, conditioning period 180-300s.
Preferably, the swelling temperature control of bulking machine described in step (3), at 110-145 DEG C, the main shaft of bulking machine turns
Speed control is 400-600r/min.
By the preparation method of the present invention, effect of the feed ingredient Jing Guo high temperature and humidity high pressure can play the work of sterilizing
With making protein denaturation, destroy anti-nutritional factors, improve the gelatinization degree of starch, also improved in water while improving digestibility
Stability.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:Feed ingredient is safe, has no toxic side effect;The disease resistance of tortoise can be improved
And immunity, improve the survival rate of tortoise.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
In the present invention, if not refering in particular to, used raw material and equipment etc. are commercially available or commonly used in the art.
Method in following embodiments is the conventional method of this field unless otherwise instructed.
Domestic fish meal (the sharp fish meal sale Co., Ltd in Cangzhou sea), flour, dregs of beans, meat meal tankage, corn protein powder, soybean oil
It is all commercial product to wait raw materials.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of puffing granule compound feed for improving tortoise survival rate by weight percentage, is mixed by following components and made
Into:Domestic fish meal 18%, flour 22%, dregs of beans 32%, meat meal tankage 13%, corn protein powder 3%, soybean oil 2.9%, peppermint
0.5%, Radix Astragali 0.5%, the coptis 0.3%, cordate houttuynia 0.6%, Chinese cassia tree 0.8%, hawthorn 0.6%, Chinese yew 0.7%, vitamin
Premix 1%, mineral substance premix 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, choline chloride 0.1%.
Chinese yew is Taxus leaf (fresh leaf) and japanese yew fruit according to 1:1 weight ratio mixes.The vitamin
Premix carrier is defatted rice bran, and every kilogram of vitamin premix contains following vitamin ingredients:VA20mg, VD15mg, VE
500mg, VC1200mg, VK25mg, VB150mg, VB2180mg, VB690mg, VB126mg, calcium pantothenate 180mg, folic acid 8mg,
Niacinamide 60mg, biotin 20mg, inositol 450mg.
The carrier of the mineral substance premix is zeolite powder, in every kilogram of mineral substance premix containing following minerals into
Point:Copper sulphate 5mg, ferrous sulfate 300mg, zinc sulfate 100mg, manganese sulfate 30mg, cobalt chloride 200mg, sodium selenite 10mg, iodine
Sour calcium 200mg, magnesium sulfate 800mg.
Preparation method includes the following steps:
(1) processing of Chinese medicine regulation composition:By the ethyl alcohol of Chinese medicine regulation composition and mass concentration 85% according to 1g:
The solid-liquid ratio mixing of 10mL, heating and refluxing extraction 3 hours are filtered, filtrate decompression concentration and recovery ethyl alcohol, are dried in vacuo at 50 DEG C,
It is crushed to 80-100 mesh and obtains active ingredient of Chinese herbs powder.
(2) hybrid modulation:By domestic fish meal, flour, dregs of beans, meat meal tankage, corn protein powder, active ingredient of Chinese herbs powder, phosphorus
Acid dihydride calcium and choline chloride mixing, are crushed to 80-100 mesh, then add in vitamin premix and mineral substance premix mixing
Base-material is obtained, it is 20% that base-material is modulated into moisture content in quality-adjusting device, and the vapour pressure in quality-adjusting device is in order to control 0.3MPa, quenched temperature
It is 90 DEG C to spend, conditioning period 300s.
(3) it is puffing:The base-material that step (2) processing obtains enters bulking machine curing 50s, and the swelling temperature control of bulking machine exists
145 DEG C, the speed of mainshaft control of bulking machine is 600r/min, and extruding obtains particle expanded pellet diet, dry, then is carried out with soybean oil
Airless spraying, cooling, obtains finished product.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of puffing granule compound feed for improving tortoise survival rate by weight percentage, is mixed by following components and made
Into:Domestic fish meal 22%, flour 18%, dregs of beans 37%, meat meal tankage 8%, corn protein powder 3%, soybean oil 3%, peppermint
0.5%, Radix Astragali 0.5%, the coptis 0.3%, cordate houttuynia 0.6%, Chinese cassia tree 0.8%, hawthorn 0.6%, Chinese yew 0.7%, vitamin
Premix 2%, mineral substance premix 1%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.7%, choline chloride 0.3%.
Chinese yew is Taxus leaf (fresh leaf) and japanese yew fruit according to 2:1 weight ratio mixes.The vitamin
Premix carrier is defatted rice bran, and every kilogram of vitamin premix contains following vitamin ingredients:VA10mg, VD12mg, VE
400mg, VC1000mg, VK20mg, VB130mg, VB2150mg, VB660mg, VB123mg, calcium pantothenate 120mg, folic acid 4mg,
Niacinamide 30mg, biotin 15mg, inositol 350mg.
The carrier of the mineral substance premix is zeolite powder, in every kilogram of mineral substance premix containing following minerals into
Point:Copper sulphate 10mg, ferrous sulfate 500mg, zinc sulfate 200mg, manganese sulfate 80mg, cobalt chloride 500mg, sodium selenite 25mg,
Calcium iodate 350mg, magnesium sulfate 1200mg.
Preparation method includes the following steps:
(1) processing of Chinese medicine regulation composition:By the ethyl alcohol of Chinese medicine regulation composition and mass concentration 95% according to 1g:
The solid-liquid ratio mixing of 8mL, heating and refluxing extraction 1 hour are filtered, filtrate decompression concentration and recovery ethyl alcohol, are dried in vacuo at 60 DEG C, powder
It is broken to 80-100 mesh and obtains active ingredient of Chinese herbs powder.
(2) hybrid modulation:By domestic fish meal, flour, dregs of beans, meat meal tankage, corn protein powder, active ingredient of Chinese herbs powder, phosphorus
Acid dihydride calcium and choline chloride mixing, are crushed to 80-100 mesh, then add in vitamin premix and mineral substance premix mixing
Base-material is obtained, it is 22% that base-material is modulated into moisture content in quality-adjusting device, and the vapour pressure in quality-adjusting device is in order to control 0.5MPa, quenched temperature
It is 105 DEG C to spend, conditioning period 180s.
(3) it is puffing:The base-material that step (2) processing obtains enters bulking machine curing 90s, and the swelling temperature control of bulking machine exists
110 DEG C, the speed of mainshaft control of bulking machine is 400r/min, and extruding obtains particle expanded pellet diet, dry, then is carried out with soybean oil
Airless spraying, cooling, obtains finished product.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of puffing granule compound feed for improving tortoise survival rate by weight percentage, is mixed by following components and made
Into:Domestic fish meal 22%, flour 22%, dregs of beans 35%, meat meal tankage 12%, corn protein powder 1%, soybean oil 1%, peppermint
0.2%, Radix Astragali 0.2%, the coptis 0.1%, cordate houttuynia 0.3%, Chinese cassia tree 0.5%, hawthorn 0.3%, Chinese yew 0.4%, vitamin
Premix 2%, mineral substance premix 1.8%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1%, choline chloride 0.2%.
Chinese yew is Taxus leaf (fresh leaf) and japanese yew fruit according to 1:1 weight ratio mixes.The vitamin
Premix carrier is defatted rice bran, and every kilogram of vitamin premix contains following vitamin ingredients:VA15mg, VD13mg, VE
450mg, VC1100mg, VK22mg, VB140mg, VB2160mg, VB670mg, VB125mg, calcium pantothenate 160mg, folic acid 6mg,
Niacinamide 40mg, biotin 18mg, inositol 400mg.
The carrier of the mineral substance premix is zeolite powder, in every kilogram of mineral substance premix containing following minerals into
Point:Copper sulphate 7mg, ferrous sulfate 400mg, zinc sulfate 150mg, manganese sulfate 50mg, cobalt chloride 300mg, sodium selenite 20mg, iodine
Sour calcium 300mg, magnesium sulfate 1000mg.
Preparation method includes the following steps:
(1) processing of Chinese medicine regulation composition:By the ethyl alcohol of Chinese medicine regulation composition and mass concentration 90% according to 1g:
The solid-liquid ratio mixing of 10mL, heating and refluxing extraction 2 hours are filtered, filtrate decompression concentration and recovery ethyl alcohol, are dried in vacuo at 55 DEG C,
It is crushed to 80-100 mesh and obtains active ingredient of Chinese herbs powder.
(2) hybrid modulation:By domestic fish meal, flour, dregs of beans, meat meal tankage, corn protein powder, active ingredient of Chinese herbs powder, phosphorus
Acid dihydride calcium and choline chloride mixing, are crushed to 80-100 mesh, then add in vitamin premix and mineral substance premix mixing
Base-material is obtained, it is 21% that base-material is modulated into moisture content in quality-adjusting device, and the vapour pressure in quality-adjusting device is in order to control 0.4MPa, quenched temperature
It is 100 DEG C to spend, conditioning period 250s.
(3) it is puffing:The base-material that step (2) processing obtains enters bulking machine curing 70s, and the swelling temperature control of bulking machine exists
130 DEG C, the speed of mainshaft control of bulking machine is 500r/min, and extruding obtains particle expanded pellet diet, dry, then is carried out with soybean oil
Airless spraying, cooling, obtains finished product.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment difference from Example 3 is:A kind of puffing granule compound feed for improving tortoise survival rate, is pressed
Weight percent meter, is mixed by following components:Domestic fish meal 21%, flour 21%, dregs of beans 36%, meat meal tankage 10% are beautiful
Rice gluten powder 2%, soybean oil 2%, peppermint 0.3%, Radix Astragali 0.3%, the coptis 0.2%, cordate houttuynia 0.5%, Chinese cassia tree 0.6%, mountain
Short, bristly hair or beard 0.5%, Chinese yew 0.6%, vitamin premix 1.8%, mineral substance premix 1.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, chlorination
Choline 0.2%.
The other the same as in Example 3.
Feed efficiency is tested:
In May, 2014 to October stops, and in the cultivation base of our company, is carried out using the puffing granule compound feed of the present invention
Culture experiment.Feeding experiment carries out in the greenhouse of our company, by the tortoise children tortoise that commercially available weight (30-50g) is basically identical
It is randomly divided into 2 groups:Test group and control group, every group 1000, it is 50m to be supported respectively in area2Pond in, test group feeds this
The puffing granule compound feed (addition Chinese medicine regulation composition) of invention, control group, which is fed, does not add Chinese medicine regulation composition basis
Expect (being formulated the same test group of other amounts of components, difference lies in Chinese medicine regulation composition is not added in feed).
It is thorough generally with quick lime that strict sterilization turtle breeding pond substrate will be carried out to turtle breeding pond, cultivation tool and young tortoise before putting in a suitable place to breed
Bottom disinfection, water disinfection by chlorine dioxide, tool are sterilized with potassium permanganate, young tortoise salt or furazolidone disinfection, water quality lead to
It crosses that quick lime is periodically splashed in full pond and EM bacteria agent is adjusted, and refreshes the water periodically 20%, to ensure that water quality is good.It is controlled during raising
Water temperature processed is 28-30 DEG C, not more than 31 DEG C, and temperature is 33-35 DEG C, not more than 36 DEG C, and the depth of water is grown with tortoise individual
Gradually deepened by 30cm greatly to 80cm, experimental period is 150 days, is fed daily 2 times.Total superoxides in period sampling measuring serum
The salivary lysozymes such as mutase (T-SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LZM)
And survival rate.
The puffing granule compound feed (test group) of basestocks (control group) and the present invention is fed into two groups of children tortoises respectively, often
Serum is taken every 30d, to total number born (T-SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), the alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum
It is analyzed with lysozyme (LZM).The Feed Energy of addition Chinese medicine regulation composition significantly improves tortoise serum as can be seen from Table 1
Total number born (T-SOD) activity.
1 Chinese medicine regulation composition of table is to the influence U/ml of tortoise serum total number born (T-SOD)
Note:Same column difference lowercase letter indication difference significantly (P<0.05)
The Feed Energy of addition Chinese medicine regulation composition significantly improves the acid phosphatase of tortoise serum as can be seen from Table 2
(ACP) it is active.
2 Chinese medicine regulation composition of table is to the influence U/L of tortoise serum acid phosphatase (ACP)
Note:Same column difference lowercase letter indication difference significantly (P<0.05)
The feed of addition Chinese medicine regulation composition is to alkaline phosphatase (AKP) vigor of tortoise serum as can be seen from Table 3
It is significantly improved.
3 Chinese medicine regulation composition of table is to the influence U/L of tortoise serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP)
Note:Same column difference lowercase letter indication difference significantly (P<0.05)
The feed of addition Chinese medicine regulation composition has lysozyme (LZM) vigor of tortoise serum bright as can be seen from Table 4
It is aobvious to improve.
4 Chinese medicine regulation composition of table is to the influence U/ml of tortoise serum lysozyme (LZM)
Note:Same column difference lowercase letter indication difference significantly (P<0.05)
The survival rate for adding the tortoise of Chinese medicine regulation composition in feed as can be seen from Table 5 is significantly higher than the crow of control group
Tortoise, weightening are apparent.Stronger attractant effect may be had with the Chinese medicine regulation composition in feed, significantly improve by generating these effects
Tortoise disease resistance and immunity of organisms have direct relation.
Weightening and death condition of 5 control group of table with Chinese medicine regulation composition group tortoise
Embodiment described above is a kind of preferable scheme of the present invention, and not the present invention is made in any form
Limitation also has other variants and remodeling under the premise of without departing from the technical solution recorded in claim.