CN104969911B - The Silkworm Raise technology of green silk - Google Patents
The Silkworm Raise technology of green silk Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/04—Silkworms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of Silkworm Raise technology of green silk, including step：1) selecting room body, the feeding room is provided with several silkworm platforms as feeding room；2) thorough disinfection, cleaning are carried out to each facility inside the feeding room；3) it chooses " grassland X romantic charms " silkworm egg to be raised, silkworm egg is targetedly raised in feeding, disinfection, the diseases prevention in each silkworm age stage etc. using specific technological means.The technical bottleneck for using this breeding technology being conducive to that natural green Silkworm varieties is overcome to carry out large-scale promotion in the production of rural area, forms high-quality, the highly efficient and productive regulations for technical operation of characteristic Silkworm varieties.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological cultivation technology, the Silkworm Raise technology of specifically a kind of green silk.
Background technology
Since color cotton successfully studies application, people, which treasure natural colored fibre to have, to be added.In order to comply with human consumption
Diversification and the requirement of back to nature, selection and breeding produce coloured silk instead of chemical industry chromatic thread, allow with applying nature colored cocoon kind
The silk of " fiber queen " is known as rich in more outstanding qualities, is the glorious cause for improving human living standard.Natural color
Color cocoon is rich in color, can develop Diversified Products, adapts to the demand of social diversity and individualized development.Natural colorful silkworm
The advantage that silk has natural color cotton incomparable in terms of heredity and industry characteristics and product quality.The heredity of natural colorful silk
It is controlled by key-gene, the characteristic of its colourful silk is enable to be fixed up, good condition is created for breeding and production.
Natural colorful silk has good ultraviolet absorption ability, with ultraviolet light irradiation silk cocoon for a long time, the pupal cell in cocoon
Development and the silkworm moth to sprout wings and its offspring's development are normal, but direct irradiation after pupal cell is taken out out of cocoon, and silkworm chrysalis can be by serious
It influences, the silkworm moth of emergence and offspring's deformity are more.Mulberry silk is mutated easy modificator gene, causes the generation of the cancerations such as cutaneum carcinoma
The ultraviolet light (UV-B) of 280nm wavelength or so has masking and absorption well, and the transmitance of UV-B is less than 0.5%.So
The sunburn of ultraviolet light can be effectively prevented from by making clothes and cosmetics with silk.There is colourful silk certain anti-oxidation function to have
Body is in vital movement, particularly in poor environment, can generate various active oxygen radical, such as ultra-oxygen anion free radical
(O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxy radical (HO) etc., these free-radical oxidation abilities are strong, can destroy many functions point of biology
Son generates murder by poisoning to body.Silk has the activity of free radical, and the ability of colourful silk free radical is far above White Steam Filature Yarns, wherein
The effect of green silk is best, can decompose 90% or so free radical, and yellow silk also has the function of 50%, and white silk only has 30%
Function.
Chromatic cocoon is other than can be by selection and breeding Silkworm varieties, moreover it is possible to by adding chemical pigment substance or change in feed
Work dyestuff impregnates silkworm body to realize the production of chromatic cocoon, although the silk gone out from curley waste is coloured, does not claim natural color
Color silk, and fugitive color, and silkworm heavy workload is impregnated, in the sericulture scene of no Industrial Wastewater Treatment ability or even agriculture
It is carried out in the man of family, environmental pollution is serious, runs counter to the original intention of development natural colorful cocoon product.
The latest development trend of natural colorful silk healthcare function research：
Chromatic cocoon mainly has yellow red silk system and green two major class of cocoon system, and the silk color of green cocoon system is mainly flavonoids object
Matter, and assay and clinical research show that the main health-care effect of flavonoids substance has：Enhance blood vessel dilatation, reduce
Fragility of blood vessels and improvement vasopermeability；Reduce blood fat and cholesterol；Red blood cell, platelet aggregation are reduced, reduces thrombosis,
Improve microcirculation；Protect liver, solution liver poison, treatment acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, hepatic sclerosis and toxic liver injury；Improve body immunity；
Anti-inflammatory, eliminating the phlegm, antipyretic, detumescence；Antibacterial, antiviral, antimycotic, inhibition tumour；Anti-oxidant, anti-aging；Spasmolysis；Antiallergy；Suppression
The activity of certain enzyme processed；Strengthen cell membrane, activating cell；The effects that antialcoholism action and anti-blood glucose rise.
Due to the change gene kind that green cocoon Silkworm varieties are traditional cocoon Silkworm varieties, the stability of kind is to cultural method
Requirement it is very high, if cultural method is improper, the survival rate of green cocoon silkworm it is not high (if using common cocoon silkworm cultural method come
Cultivation green cocoon silkworm, survival rate less than 76%), do not know where to begin yet by flavones content.
Invention content
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of Silkworm Raise skill of green silk
Art includes the following steps：
1) selecting room body, the feeding room is provided with several silkworm platforms as feeding room；
2) thorough disinfection, cleaning are carried out to each facility inside the feeding room；
3) " grassland X romantic charms " silkworm egg is chosen to be raised：
3.1) when silkworm grows into an age, silkworm rearing bed is built on silkworm platform, then places silkworm；Control feeding room indoor temperature model
It encloses for 27~28 DEG C, humidity range 90-95%；
Feeding method is：Mulberry leaf are cut into a certain size feeding, size is 2 times of square of silkworm body length；
It is every to give mulberry 2-3 times round the clock；
3.2) when silkworm grows into two age silkworms, control feeding room indoor temperature range is 26-27 DEG C, humidity range 85-
90%；
Feeding method is：It by the slitting shape of mulberry leaf, cuts that leaf width degree is corresponding with silkworm body length, cuts leaf length as silkworm body length
5-6 times.
It is every to give mulberry 2-3 times round the clock；
3.3) when silkworm grew into for three ages, control feeding room indoor temperature range is 25-26 DEG C, humidity range 80-
85%；
Feeding method is：Using slightly cutting leaf feeding；
It is every to give mulberry 2-3 times round the clock；
3.4) when silkworm grew into for four ages, control feeding room indoor temperature range is 24-25 DEG C, humidity range 70-
75%；
Feeding method is：Before feeding, good even seat work, need to mulberry leaf be shaken up and be dialled it is even, conducive to taking to the uniform silkworms of Sang Jun
Food；
Return, be spaced 8 hours one time to mulberry three daily, with grasp after the mulberry leaf that last time gives are eaten up substantially through 2 hours again to
Mulberry leaf；
Four age silkworm feeding amounts press 7-8 kilograms of mulberry leaf of every gram of silkworm feeding；
3.5) when silkworm grew into for five ages, control feeding room indoor temperature range is 23-24 DEG C, humidity range 65-
70%；
Feeding method is：Before feeding, carry out the work of even seat, need to mulberry leaf be shaken up and be dialled it is even, conducive to the uniform silkworms of Sang Jun
Feeding；
It is returned daily to Sang Si, 6 hours one time, to grasp after the mulberry leaf that last time gives are eaten up substantially through 2 hours mulberry leaf again；
Fifth instar larva feeding amount presses 50-60 kilograms of mulberry leaf of every gram of silkworm feeding；
The feeding maximum area in five ages is 26.0-28.0 square metres/10 grams silkworms；Silkworm rearing bed area will with silkworm development gradually
Expand, a mulberry leaf before glutonous stage will diffuse into maximum area；
4) when silkworm enters the 6-8 days of fifth instar larva period, when there is cephalothorax and lifting and swing into the production cocoon phase,
By paper cocooning frame frame on silkworm platform, silkworm is allowed to be able to smoothly to climb up paper cocooning frame and cocoon；It is 23-24 to control feeding room indoor temperature range
DEG C, humidity range 65-70%；This stage, silkworm stop feed；
5) by step obtain 4) to paper cocooning frame move height and dry silk cocoon, clean the silkworm faeces on ground, make cleaning for feeding room
To holding.
In the step 3.1), feeding requires to further include：Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf must be strictly selected, it is without The Immature Leaves or excessively old
Leaf；Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf require moisture content, and the food value of leaf is soft 80% ± 10%；One age silkworm answers a leaf on the young sprout maximum leaf of mulberry leaf harvest tree；
Silkworm rearing bed is cleaned into drying before feeding, carries out the work of spacing, even seat and bed rearrangement, silkworm is made to be distributed on silkworm rearing bed
It is even, to Sang Yaoqiu uniformly, rapidly；
In the step 3.2), the requirement of feeding further includes：Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf must be selected, it is without The Immature Leaves or excessively old
Leaf；Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf require moisture content, and the food value of leaf is soft 80% ± 10%；That two age silkworms answer mulberry leaf harvest tree is in just strong green, Ye Weicong
On 5-6 leaves down；
Silkworm rearing bed is cleaned into drying before feeding, carries out the work of spacing, even seat and bed rearrangement, silkworm is made to be distributed on silkworm rearing bed
It is even, to Sang Yaoqiu uniformly, rapidly；
In the step 3.3), the requirement of feeding further includes：Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf must be selected, it is without The Immature Leaves or excessively old
Leaf.Proper mature (ripe) leaf refers to soft or hard appropriate, silkworm eating, the food mulberry amount in the unit interval and the big mulberry leaf of digestion amount；Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf will
Moisture content is sought 80% ± 10%, the food value of leaf is soft；What three age silkworms answered mulberry leaf harvest tree is in just strong green, leaf position 6-7 leaves from top to bottom；
Silkworm rearing bed is cleaned into drying before feeding, carries out the work of spacing, even seat and bed rearrangement, silkworm is made to be distributed on silkworm rearing bed
It is even, to Sang Yaoqiu uniformly, rapidly；
In the step 3.4), the requirement of feeding further includes：The feeding maximum area of four age silkworms is 13.0-14.0 squares
Rice/10 grams of silkworms, silkworm rearing bed area will gradually expand with the development of silkworm, and before glutonous stage a mulberry leaf will diffuse into maximum area.
Silkworm body and seat sterilizes and silkworm rearing season prophylactic measures is as follows：
(1) silkworm body and seat sterilizes：Newly-hatched silkworm and each age silkworm carry out silkworm body and seat disinfection with mascardine-proof dust；Mascardine-proof dust is bleaching
The mixing of one or more of mascardine-proof dust, diseases prevention No.1, formaldehyde fumigant mascardine-proof dust or euchlorine mascardine-proof dust；By the use of 20-30 Ke/㎡
Amount, before to mulberry, is equably spread on silkworm rearing bed with sieve；
Prevent the silk rearing infection of virosis：After last feeding or the mass ratio of each age mid-term lime and burnt chaff is 3:7 is mixed
It closes object and dispenses silkworm body and seat；
(2) silkworm rearing season prophylactic measures：
The young silkworm and the grown silkworm in 4--5 ages in 1~3 age will be segmented raising；
The sericulture requirement of young silkworm phase is special room, special tool, special messenger raising and young silkworm room are far from grown silkworm room and room of being placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons；Raise people
Member should accomplish to wash one's hands to mulberry, change footwear and enter young silkworm room；After removing sand every time with the bleaching fluid containing effective chlorine 0.5% to silkworm room ground and
Spraying disinfection is carried out in air；Silkworm excrement will be far from young silkworm room；It was found that sick silkworm will be isolated, eliminate in time, forbid to heave around；Mulberry leaf harvest
Basket and the basket that removes sand will be strictly separated, it is impossible to and it is mixed, and the cleaning inside and outside young silkworm silkworm room is kept at any time；
The sericulture of grown silkworm requires：
(1) it should at least remove sand daily primary；
(2) silkworm faeces is isolated：Fifth instar larva remove sand it is difficult, using daily to spreading a little lime, short straw, and/or vegetable seeds before mulberry
Shell etc. is used as isolated material；
(3) interim disinfection：The bleaching fluid that effective chlorine is 0.5% is sprayed daily in silkworm room；In addition to mascardine-proof dust being used when first feeding,
Before removing sand using fresh pulverized limestone or have disinfectant carry out silkworm body and seat disinfection.
The storage of mulberry leaf stores method using furrow, and about 60 centimetres of the width and height of furrow will interspace between furrow and furrow, so as to
In ventilation；The storeroom of mulberry leaf of 1 ㎡ about stores 30 ± 4 kilograms of mulberry leaf；Do not spread water directly on mulberry leaf when storing mulberry leaf, and with wet cloth or
Plastic woven cloth covers, and mulberry leaf are stirred once every 4-5 hours.
The implementation of the technical program may advantageously facilitate local economic development and increasing peasant income：The green cocoon cultivated silkworm breed variety of raising,
Silkworm raiser can be effectively facilitated to increase production and improve productivity, experimental data for many years shows：Although raise the kind cocoon yield and current race
Quite, but by the market promotion of rear road colourful silk differentiation, fresh cocoon procurement price will improve 25% than common cocoon, silkworm raiser every
Silkworm egg silk cocoon can 300 yuan of synergy or more, 800 yuan of per mu yield synergy or more.Therefore raising the kind is conducive to the steady of Sericultural production
Development and the enthusiasm for improving silkworm raiser's planting mulberry and breeding silkworm.Expand sericulture scale, increase peasant employment chance, promote local economy hair
Exhibition.
Currently preferred green cocoon " grassland X romantic charms " new varieties are that Green Gene has successfully been imported to existing excellent silkworm
Kind is bred as the Silkworm varieties (its breeding method such as Chinese patent " 201210582789.7 " record) of natural green cocoon.Use we
Method, the survival rate of this silkworm egg can reach 98%.The silk manufactured goods of silk cocoon processing are produced using the cultural method of the present invention not
Colour fading, bright color, antibacterial, antioxygen, anti-uv-ray are strong, are the true of fully natural green environmental protection without anyization prohibited cargo matter
Silk product has filled up a technological gap of China's this aspect research.The present invention cultivation obtain the cocoon of green Silkworm varieties,
Silk, pupa are a kind of green products, and product Flavonoid substances are 5~10 times of ordinary white silk product, can develop various height
The material of assignments health product.Flavonoids substance is to enhancing blood vessel dilatation, reducing fragility of blood vessels and improving vasopermeability
There is the effect of uniqueness with blood fat and cholesterol etc. is reduced, available for food processing, produce fine food health products material.
The present invention breaches the technical bottleneck that natural green Silkworm varieties carry out large-scale promotion in the production of rural area；It is formed special
High-quality, the highly efficient and productive regulations for technical operation of color Silkworm varieties establish the technical system of the large-scale promotion in production.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described as follows With reference to embodiment：
A kind of Silkworm Raise technology of green silk, in this example, includes the following steps：
1) selecting room body, the feeding room is provided with several silkworm platforms as feeding room；
2) thorough disinfection, cleaning are carried out to each facility inside the feeding room；
3) " grassland X romantic charms " silkworm egg is chosen to be raised：
3.1) when silkworm grows into an age, silkworm rearing bed is built on silkworm platform, then places newly-hatched silkworm；Control feeding room indoor temperature
Ranging from 27~28 DEG C (being best using 27.8 DEG C), humidity range is 90-95% (being best with 94%)；
Feeding method is：Mulberry leaf are cut into a certain size feeding, cut leaf size will according to mulberry number, climatic condition and
Depending on the development degree of silkworm, square is generally cut into, size is about 2 times of square of silkworm body length；
Per mulberry 2-3 time is given round the clock, every time to mulberry amount according to the development of silkworm, to mulberry number and silkworm rearing bed it is dilute close situations such as and
It is fixed：In the early stage and it will want more on the low side to mulberry when sleeping, glutonous stage increases, and silkworm is made fully to be satiated with food；
Other of feeding require to include：Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf that are full of nutrition, being easy to ingest and digest and assimilate must strictly be selected.
Without The Immature Leaves or cross old leaf.Proper mature (ripe) leaf refers to that soft or hard appropriate, silkworm eating, the food mulberry amount in the unit interval and digestion amount are big
Mulberry leaf.With moisture content 80% or so, the food value of leaf is soft, and moisture, protein are more, and the appropriate person of content of carbohydrate is advisable.1 age silkworm
A leaf on young sprout maximum leaf should be adopted；
Silkworm rearing bed is cleaned into drying before feeding, carries out the work of spacing, even seat and bed rearrangement, silkworm is made to be distributed on silkworm rearing bed
It is even, to Sang Yaoqiu uniformly, rapidly.
3.2) when silkworm grows into two age silkworms, control feeding room indoor temperature range is 26-27 DEG C (with 26.3 DEG C for most
It is good), humidity range be 85-90% (being best with 87%)；
Feeding method is：Mulberry leaf are cut into a certain size feeding, cut leaf size will according to mulberry number, climatic condition and
Depending on the development degree of silkworm.General slitting shape, cuts leaf width degree and is approximately equal to silkworm body length, cuts the 5-6 that leaf length is silkworm body length
Times.
Per mulberry 2-3 time is given round the clock, every time to mulberry amount according to the development of silkworm, to mulberry number and silkworm rearing bed it is dilute close situations such as and
It is fixed.In the early stage and it will want more on the low side to mulberry when sleeping, glutonous stage increases, and silkworm is made fully to be satiated with food；
Other of feeding require to include：Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf that are full of nutrition, being easy to ingest and digest and assimilate must strictly be selected.
Without The Immature Leaves or cross old leaf.Proper mature (ripe) leaf refers to that soft or hard appropriate, silkworm eating, the food mulberry amount in the unit interval and digestion amount are big
Mulberry leaf.With moisture content 80% or so, the food value of leaf is soft, and moisture, protein are more, and the appropriate person of content of carbohydrate is advisable.2 age silkworms
Ying Caigang is in strong green, leaf position 5-6 leaves from top to bottom.
Silkworm rearing bed is cleaned into drying before feeding, carries out the work of spacing, even seat and bed rearrangement, silkworm is made to be distributed on silkworm rearing bed
It is even, to Sang Yaoqiu uniformly, rapidly.
3.3) when silkworm grew into for three ages, control feeding room indoor temperature range be 25-26 DEG C (being best with 25.3 DEG C),
Humidity range is best with 92%；
Feeding method is：Mulberry leaf are cut into a certain size feeding, cut leaf size will according to mulberry number, climatic condition and
Depending on the development degree of silkworm.3 age silkworms, which may be used, slightly cuts leaf feeding.
Often give mulberry 2-3 time round the clock, every time to mulberry amount according to the development of silkworm, to mulberry number and silkworm rearing bed it is dilute close situations such as and
It is fixed.In the early stage and it will want more on the low side to mulberry when sleeping, glutonous stage increases, and silkworm is made fully to be satiated with food；
Other of feeding require to include：Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf that are full of nutrition, being easy to ingest and digest and assimilate must strictly be selected.
Without The Immature Leaves or cross old leaf.Proper mature (ripe) leaf refers to that soft or hard appropriate, silkworm eating, the food mulberry amount in the unit interval and digestion amount are big
Mulberry leaf.With moisture content 80% or so, the food value of leaf is soft, and moisture, protein are more, and the appropriate person of content of carbohydrate is advisable.Three ages
It is in just strong green, leaf position 6-7 leaves from top to bottom that silkworm, which should be adopted,.
Silkworm rearing bed is cleaned into drying before feeding, carries out the work of spacing, even seat and bed rearrangement, silkworm is made to be distributed on silkworm rearing bed
It is even, to Sang Yaoqiu uniformly, rapidly.
3.4) when silkworm grew into for four ages, control feeding room indoor temperature range is 24-25 DEG C, humidity range 70-
75%；
Feeding method is：Before feeding, often there is part silkworm to climb around scattered, need to carry out even seat work, mulberry leaf need to be trembled
Pine, dial it is even, conducive to the feeding to the uniform silkworms of Sang Jun.
It is returned daily to Sang Si, 8 hours one time, generally to grasp after the mulberry leaf that last time gives are eaten up substantially through 2 hours or so
It is again economy to mulberry leaf.
Four age silkworm feeding amounts press 7-8 kilograms of mulberry leaf of every gram of newly-hatched silkworm feeding.
Other of feeding require to include：The feeding maximum area in four ages is 13.0-14.0 square metres/10 grams silkworms (with 13.6
Square metre/10 grams of silkworms are best).Silkworm rearing bed area will gradually expand with the development of silkworm, and before glutonous stage a mulberry leaf will diffuse into
Maximum area.
3.5) when silkworm grew into for five ages, control feeding room indoor temperature range be 23-24 DEG C (being best with 23.6 DEG C),
Humidity range is 65-70% (being best with 68%)；
Feeding method is：Before feeding, often there is part silkworm to climb around scattered, need to carry out even seat work, mulberry leaf need to be trembled
Pine, dial it is even, conducive to the feeding to the uniform silkworms of Sang Jun.
It is returned daily to Sang Si, 6 hours one time, generally to grasp after the mulberry leaf that last time gives are eaten up substantially through 2 hours or so
It is again economy to mulberry leaf.
Fifth instar larva feeding amount presses 50-60 kilograms of mulberry leaf of every gram of newly-hatched silkworm feeding (it is recommended that it is preferred that 53 kilograms).
The feeding maximum area in five ages is 26.0-28.0 square metres/10 grams silkworms (using 26.8 square metres/10 grams silkworms as most
It is good).Silkworm rearing bed area will gradually expand with the development of silkworm, and before glutonous stage a mulberry leaf will diffuse into maximum area.
4) when silkworm enters the 6-8 days of fifth instar larva period, when there is cephalothorax and lifting and swing into the production cocoon phase,
By paper cocooning frame frame on silkworm platform, silkworm is allowed to be able to smoothly to climb up the paper cocooning frame and cocoon；It is 23- to control feeding room indoor temperature range
24 DEG C (being best using 23.8 DEG C), humidity range is 65-70% (being best with 68%)；This stage, silkworm stop feed；
5) by step obtain 4) to paper cocooning frame move height and dry silk cocoon, clean the silkworm faeces on ground, make cleaning for feeding room
To holding.
For one~tri- age silkworm to the vulnerable of pathogen, silkworm body is small, not only easily susceptible, can also recruit ant, spider, mouse
Natural enemies harm is waited, should actively be taken preventive measures in raising, reduces silkworm head loss.
(1) silkworm body and seat sterilizes：Newly-hatched silkworm and silkworm carries out silkworm body and seat disinfection with mascardine-proof dust from each age, to prevent stiff disease hair
It is raw.Mascardine-proof dust has bleaching mascardine-proof dust, diseases prevention No.1, formaldehyde fumigant mascardine-proof dust and euchlorine mascardine-proof dust etc. several, according to the not of the same age of silkworm
Phase uses different concentration.By the dosage (it is recommended that it is preferred that 27 Ke/㎡) of 20-30 Ke/㎡, before to mulberry, equably spread with sieve
Cloth is on silkworm rearing bed.
The silk rearing infection of virosis is prevented, it can be after last feeding or each age mid-term lime：Burnt chaff (3:7) mixture dispenses silkworm
Body silkworm rearing bed, when morbidity, can be once a day.
(2) silkworm rearing season prophylactic measures：During sericulture, pathogen can be a variety of by mulberry leaf, rearing instrument, keeper, air etc.
Channel enters silkworm room, as the enhancement of silkworm age constantly rises in value, propagates, causes to infect.Therefore, it is necessary to effective diseases prevention is taken to arrange
It applies.First, young silkworm and grown silkworm will be segmented raising, and the young silkworm phase carries out sericulture system (i.e. special room, specially tool, the special messenger of " three is single-minded remote "
Raising and young silkworm room are far from grown silkworm room and room of being placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons).Keeper should accomplish to wash one's hands to mulberry, change footwear and enter the room.It should after removing sand every time
With the bleaching fluid containing effective chlorine 0.5% to carrying out spraying disinfection in silkworm room ground and air.Silkworm excrement will find disease far from silkworm room
Silkworm will be isolated, eliminate in time, forbid to heave around.Mulberry leaf harvest basket and the basket that removes sand will be strictly separated, it is impossible to and it is mixed, and silkworm is kept at any time
The cleaning of indoor and outdoor.
4-5 ages grown silkworm is stronger than 1-3 age young silkworms to the resistance of virus, but the chance infected is more than young silkworm.Such as a small number of silkworm senses
Hair dyeing is sick, and the cause of disease in corpse and excreta is easily spread.Superinfection is caused, grown silkworm especially 5 later stage in age big hairs will be made
Disease.Grown silkworm prophylactic measures, mainly there is the following aspects：
(1) it is diligent to remove sand；Strong mulberry volume taken by the silkworms is big, and Fecal wastes and silkworm and mulberry amount are also more,It is husky thicker；The moisture content of grown silkworm silkworm faeces
Height, how wet silkworm rearing bed is, easily mouldy, and germ grows, and increases the chance of infection.Therefore, grown silkworm needs diligent remove sand.No matter 4 ages and 5
Age should remove sand primary daily.
(2) silkworm faeces is isolated：5 age silkworms are removed sand difficult can be used daily to spreading the works such as a little lime, short straw, vegetable seeds shell before mulberry
For isolated material, reduce silkworm body withHusky touch opportunity.
(3) interim disinfection：Silkworm room can spray the bleaching fluid that effective chlorine is 0.5% daily, purify air and disinfection.Except pay
It is used outside mascardine-proof dust during food, fresh pulverized limestone or related medicament can be used to carry out silkworm body and seat disinfection before removing sand.
The storage of mulberry leaf：
The infection of many silkworm diseases and be " illness finds its way in by the mouth " (virosis, bacterial disease, the granulosis of such as silkworm).Even if
By the silkworm disease of skin infection, the chance that pathogen is brought from mulberry leaf is also quite a lot of.Therefore, storage mulberry leaf are not only to maintain mulberry leaf
It is fresh, it is often more important that make mulberry leaf not contaminated.
Storage practice generally stores method using furrow, and about 60 centimetres of the width and height of furrow will interspace between furrow and furrow, with
Convenient for ventilation.The storeroom of mulberry leaf of 1 ㎡ can about store 30 kilograms or so of mulberry leaf (it is recommended that it is preferred that 28 kilograms).Do not exist generally when storing mulberry leaf
Water is directly spread on mulberry leaf, to prevent bacterial reproduction, causes bacterial disease.Wet cloth or plastic woven cloth can be used to cover, every 4-5 hours handles
Mulberry leaf stir once.
By experiment, the stringent method for using this example, the survival rate of silkworm egg can reach 99.4%.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Silkworm Raise technology of green silk, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
1) selecting room body, the feeding room is provided with several silkworm platforms as feeding room；
2) thorough disinfection, cleaning are carried out to each facility inside the feeding room；
3) " grassland X romantic charms " silkworm egg is chosen to be raised：
3.1) when silkworm grows into an age, silkworm rearing bed is built on silkworm platform, then places silkworm；It is 27.8 to control feeding room indoor temperature
DEG C, humidity 94%；
Feeding method is：Mulberry leaf are cut into a certain size feeding, size is 2 times of square of silkworm body length；
It is every to give mulberry 2-3 times round the clock；
3.2) when silkworm grows into two age silkworms, control feeding room indoor temperature is 26.3 DEG C, humidity 87%；
Feeding method is：It by the slitting shape of mulberry leaf, cuts that leaf width degree is corresponding with silkworm body length, cuts the 5-6 that leaf length is silkworm body length
Times；
It is every to give mulberry 2-3 times round the clock；
3.3) when silkworm grew into for three ages, control feeding room indoor temperature is 25.3 DEG C, humidity 92%；
Feeding method is：Using slightly cutting leaf feeding；
It is every to give mulberry 2-3 times round the clock；
3.4) when silkworm grew into for four ages, control feeding room indoor temperature range is 24-25 DEG C, humidity range 70-75%；
Feeding method is：Before feeding, good even seat work, need to mulberry leaf be shaken up and be dialled it is even, conducive to the feeding to the uniform silkworms of Sang Jun；
It returns, is spaced 8 hours one time to mulberry three daily, to grasp after the mulberry leaf that last time gives are eaten up substantially through 2 hours again to mulberry leaf；
Four age silkworm feeding amounts press 7-8 kilograms of mulberry leaf of every gram of silkworm feeding；
Feeding maximum area is 13.6 square metres/10 grams silkworms；
3.5) when silkworm grew into for five ages, control feeding room indoor temperature is 23.6 DEG C, humidity 68%；
Feeding method is：Before feeding, carry out the work of even seat, need to mulberry leaf be shaken up and be dialled it is even, conducive to the feeding to the uniform silkworms of Sang Jun；
It is returned daily to Sang Si, 6 hours one time, to grasp after the mulberry leaf that last time gives are eaten up substantially through 2 hours mulberry leaf again；
Fifth instar larva feeding amount presses 53 kilograms of mulberry leaf of every gram of silkworm feeding；
The feeding maximum area in five ages is 26.8 square metres/10 grams silkworms；Silkworm rearing bed area will gradually expand with the development of silkworm, contain food
A mulberry leaf before phase will diffuse into maximum area；
4) when silkworm enters the 6-8 days of fifth instar larva period, when there is cephalothorax and lifting and swing into the production cocoon phase, general side
Lattice cluster frame allows silkworm to be able to smoothly to climb up paper cocooning frame and cocoon on silkworm platform；Control feeding room indoor temperature is 23.8 DEG C, humidity is
68%；This stage, silkworm stop feed；
5) by step obtain 4) to paper cocooning frame move height and dry silk cocoon, clean the silkworm faeces on ground, protected the cleaning of feeding room
It holds；
In the step 3.1), feeding requires to further include：Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf must be strictly selected, without The Immature Leaves or cross old leaf；
Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf require moisture content, and the food value of leaf is soft 80% ± 10%；One age silkworm answers a leaf on the young sprout maximum leaf of mulberry leaf harvest tree；
Silkworm rearing bed is cleaned into drying before feeding, the work of spacing, even seat and bed rearrangement is carried out, silkworm is made to be evenly distributed on silkworm rearing bed, give
Sang Yaoqiu is uniformly, rapidly；
In the step 3.2), the requirement of feeding further includes：Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf must be selected, without The Immature Leaves or cross old leaf；It is suitable
For ripe mulberry leaf requirement moisture content 80% ± 10%, the food value of leaf is soft；Two age silkworms answer mulberry leaf harvest tree just in strong green, leaf position from top to bottom
5-6 leaves；
Silkworm rearing bed is cleaned into drying before feeding, the work of spacing, even seat and bed rearrangement is carried out, silkworm is made to be evenly distributed on silkworm rearing bed, give
Sang Yaoqiu is uniformly, rapidly；
In the step 3.3), the requirement of feeding further includes：Proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf must be selected, without The Immature Leaves or cross old leaf；It is suitable
Ripe leaf refers to soft or hard appropriate, silkworm eating, the food mulberry amount in the unit interval and the big mulberry leaf of digestion amount；The requirement of proper mature (ripe) mulberry leaf is aqueous
For rate 80% ± 10%, the food value of leaf is soft；What three age silkworms answered mulberry leaf harvest tree is in just strong green, leaf position 6-7 leaves from top to bottom；
Silkworm rearing bed is cleaned into drying before feeding, the work of spacing, even seat and bed rearrangement is carried out, silkworm is made to be evenly distributed on silkworm rearing bed, give
Sang Yaoqiu is uniformly, rapidly；
In the step 3.4), the requirement of feeding further includes：Silkworm rearing bed area will gradually expand with the development of silkworm, before glutonous stage
One time mulberry leaf will diffuse into maximum area；
Silkworm body and seat sterilizes and silkworm rearing season prophylactic measures is as follows：
(1) silkworm body and seat sterilizes：Newly-hatched silkworm and each age silkworm carry out silkworm body and seat disinfection with mascardine-proof dust；Mascardine-proof dust is the anti-deadlock of bleaching
The mixing of one or more of powder, diseases prevention No.1, formaldehyde fumigant mascardine-proof dust or euchlorine mascardine-proof dust；By 27 grams/m2Dosage, to
Sang Qian is equably spread on silkworm rearing bed with sieve；
Prevent the silk rearing infection of virosis：After last feeding or the mass ratio of each age mid-term lime and burnt chaff is 3:7 mixtures
Dispense silkworm body and seat；
(2) silkworm rearing season prophylactic measures：
The young silkworm in 1~3 age and the grown silkworm in 4~5 ages will be segmented raising；
The sericulture requirement of young silkworm phase is special room, special tool, special messenger raising and young silkworm room are far from grown silkworm room and room of being placed on small straw bundles to spin cocoons；Keeper should
Accomplish to wash one's hands to mulberry, change footwear and enter young silkworm room；With the bleaching fluid containing effective chlorine 0.5% to silkworm room ground and air after removing sand every time
Middle carry out spraying disinfection；Silkworm excrement will be far from young silkworm room；It was found that sick silkworm will be isolated, eliminate in time, forbid to heave around；Mulberry leaf harvest basket and
The basket that removes sand will be strictly separated, it is impossible to and it is mixed, and the cleaning inside and outside young silkworm silkworm room is kept at any time；
The sericulture of grown silkworm requires：
(1) it should at least remove sand daily primary；
(2) silkworm faeces is isolated：Fifth instar larva remove sand it is difficult, using daily to spreading a little lime, short straw, and/or vegetable seeds shell etc. before mulberry
As isolated material；
(3) interim disinfection：The bleaching fluid that effective chlorine is 0.5% is sprayed daily in silkworm room；Using in addition to mascardine-proof dust when first feeding, remove sand
It is preceding using fresh pulverized limestone or have disinfectant carry out silkworm body and seat disinfection；
The storage of mulberry leaf stores method using furrow, and about 60 centimetres of the width and height of furrow will interspace between furrow and furrow, in order to logical
Gas；1m2Storeroom of mulberry leaf about store 28 kilograms of mulberry leaf；
It does not spread water when storing mulberry leaf directly on mulberry leaf, and is covered with wet cloth or plastic woven cloth, mulberry leaf are turned over every 4-5 hours
It is dynamic primary.
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