CN104957456A - 一种荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒及其加工方法 - Google Patents
一种荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒及其加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒,各组分及其含量如下:荞麦花粉提取液3~5份,核桃乳20~30份,白砂糖1~2份,蜂蜜0.5~1份,柠檬酸0.03~0.05份,抗坏血酸0.5~0.7份,麦芽糊精0.1~0.4份,可溶性淀粉0.1~0.2份,β-环糊精1.5~3份,黄原胶0.05~0.07份,香精适量。本发明荞麦花粉速溶颗粒具有营养成分含量高,便于携带,用量少,口味柔和,溶解迅速,溶液稳定性好的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒及其加工方法。
背景技术
荞麦营养成分全面。可溶性糖和活性多糖占干重的63.9%。具有增强肠道功能、有利粪便排出;降低血胆固醇、调节血糖;控制体重和减肥;预防结肠癌等作用。荞麦花粉含有丰富的硫胺素、核黄素、尼克酸,VE 以及人体所需的钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、铜、磷和硒等矿物质元素。经常食用,能补充人体B 族维生素及微量矿物质的不足。荞麦花粉的总黄酮含量为3.26%,尤其富含芦丁,含量为0.5% ~ 1.2%。具有降低心肌耗氧量,使冠脉、脑血管流量增加,抗心律失常,软化血管、降血糖、降血脂,抗氧化,消除机体内自由基抗衰老作用,可以增强机体免疫力的功能。且毒性较低,具有很好的营养保健作用。荞麦花粉资源丰富、价格低廉,在保健功效等方面进行开发,应用前景将十分广阔。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种荞麦花粉复合营养速溶颗粒及其加工方法。
本发明实现过程如下:
一种荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒,各组分及其含量如下:
荞麦花粉提取液3~5份 核桃乳20~30份 白砂糖1~2份 蜂蜜0.5~1份 柠檬酸0.03~0.05份 抗坏血酸0.5~0.7份 麦芽糊精0.1~0.4份 可溶性淀粉0.1~0.2份 β-环糊精1.5~3份 黄原胶0.05~0.07份 香精适量。
具体地说,各组分及其含量如下:荞麦花粉提取液5份,核桃乳25份,白砂糖1.5份,蜂蜜0.6份,柠檬酸0.045份,抗坏血酸0.6份,麦芽糊精0.2份,可溶性淀粉0.1份,β-环糊精2.0份,黄原胶0.06份,桔子香精适量。
上述荞麦花粉提取液提取方法为:取破壁花粉,加入体积比为(30~35):1的5~10%的乙醇溶液和10~15%的醋酸溶液于45~60℃浸提,浸提溶液离心,取上清液,回收溶剂得荞麦花粉提取液。破壁花粉经过一次浸提后,将沉淀再次使用80~90%的乙醇水溶液进行二次浸提,最佳浸提温度为50℃。
上述破壁花粉采用超临界CO2破壁,超临界CO2压力为25~30 Mpa,温度45~60℃保压循环。
上述核桃乳是将去皮后的核桃仁加水以料液质量比1:(4~8)榨汁得到,具体来说,称取150g核桃,在4%的碳酸钠溶液和6%的氢氧化钙溶液的混合液中煮沸3分钟,用自来水多次清洗去皮,将去皮后的核桃仁倒入榨汁机中,料液比1:5榨汁,用滤网过滤残渣,得核桃乳备用。
上述荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒的加工方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)荞麦花粉采用超临界CO2破壁;
(2)取破壁花粉,加入体积比为(30~35):1的5~10%的乙醇溶液和10~15%的醋酸溶液于45~60℃浸提,浸提溶液离心,取上清液,回收溶剂得荞麦花粉提取液;
(3)核桃仁加水以料液质量比1:(4~8)榨汁得到核桃乳;
(4)将3~5份荞麦花粉提取液,20~30份核桃乳,1~2份白砂糖,0.5~1份蜂蜜,0.03~0.05份柠檬酸,0.5~0.7份抗坏血酸,0.1~0.4份麦芽糊精,0.1~0.2份可溶性淀粉,1.5~3份β-环糊精,0.05~0.07份黄原胶和适量香精搅拌混匀,然后冷冻干燥,冻干工艺条件为:压力0.1MPa,温度-45℃,时间48小时。
本发明荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒具有清除自由基作用,可用于制备抗衰老保健品。
本发明荞麦花粉速溶颗粒具有营养成分含量高,便于携带,用量少,口味柔和,溶解迅速,溶液稳定性好的特点。经陕西新时代生物转化检测有限公司检测显示,本产品中多糖含量为5.61g/100g,蛋白质含量为5.86g/100g,总黄酮含量为436mg/100g,农残低于0.01mg/kg。经DPPH自由基清除测试,所得花粉速溶颗粒的自由基清除率较高,且随花粉浓度的增高,自由基清除能力也增高。当花粉速溶颗粒浓度位0.02mg/ml时,自由基清除率可达70.9%。
附图说明
图1超临界CO2破壁的效果图;
图2提取温度对多糖提取率的影响;
图3提取时间对多糖提取率的影响;
图4料液比对多糖提取率的影响;
图5乙醇浓度对总黄酮提取率的影响;
图6物料比对总黄酮提取率的影响;
图7水浴温度对总黄酮提取率的影响;
图8回流时间对总黄酮提取率的影响;
图9 复合溶剂提取时5%乙醇对黄酮提取率的影响;
图10 复合溶剂提取时5%乙醇对多糖提取率的影响;
图11速溶花粉颗粒的浓度对自由基清除率的影响;
图12 速溶花粉颗粒成分检测报告。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明作进一步的说明,本发明不受其限制。
实施例1
以陕西渭南产荞麦花粉为原料,测试了纤维素种酶,果胶酶,复合蛋白酶的单一酶解法破除花粉壁(花粉未经过任何机械前处理和过筛)的最适宜条件,其中纤维素酶最适温度50℃、最适pH值4.6、酶解时间8h;果胶酶最适温度54℃、最适pH值5.6、酶解时间7~8h;复合蛋白酶因破壁率很低,没有实际应用价值。同时结合实验室的超临界CO2萃取装置,进行了超临界CO2高效破壁。实验结果表明,随着压力的增加花粉破壁效果越明显,结合装置和操作成本综合考虑,试验中超临界CO2压力为30MPa、温度50℃,保压循环30~40min,破壁率达64%。结果见图1,从图中破壁情况分析,超临界CO2破壁后,内容物多从花粉粒两端的萌发孔或萌发沟溢出,说明超临界CO2高效破壁最佳。
实施例2
采用传统的水煮醇沉法从荞麦蜂花粉中提取可溶性多糖,以葡萄糖为标准对照品,运用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量,单因素实验考察各因素对多糖提取的影响,结果见图2-4。 确定了荞麦蜂花粉多糖的最佳提取工艺为:提取温度 95℃、提取时间1 h、料液比1:50(m/v),该条件下多糖提取率为3.112%。
实施例3
采用乙醇提取法对荞麦蜂花粉中的总黄酮进行提取,以芦丁为标准对照品,运用NaNO2 - Al(NO3)3 - NaOH 显色体系吸光光度法测定总黄酮的含量,单因素实验考察各因素对总黄酮提取的影响,结果见图5- 8,并经正交试验确立了总黄酮的最优提取工艺。确定荞麦蜂花粉总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:1:20物料比(m/v无水乙醇)、提取温度80℃,提取时间2.5h,该条件下总黄酮的提取率为1.105%。
实施例4
称取一定量花粉置于圆底烧瓶中,然后量取一定配比的5%的乙醇溶液和10%的醋酸溶液混合溶剂加入其中,在50℃的温度下浸提3小时,取出溶液,用4800r离心机离心20min,取上清液于烧杯中;将底部沉淀原料再次倒回烧瓶中,加85%的乙醇溶液继续回流浸提3小时,取出溶液,离心,取上清液,将两次上清液混合。运用单因素实验测试复合溶剂中5%乙醇的加入量对荞麦花粉有效成分提取的影响,结果见图9-10,确定了回流浸提法提取荞麦蜂花粉中营养物质的最佳工艺:对应每20克破壁花粉,一次提取使用复合溶剂5%乙醇40ml+10醋酸1.2ml,50℃水浴回流浸提3h;二次提取时加入85%乙醇64ml,50℃水浴回流浸提3h。
实施例4
考察β-环糊精,麦芽糊精,可溶性淀粉对出粉量,成品吸潮性,溶解性的影响,选取每5ml花粉浸提液,分别添加β-环糊精1.5g,2.0g,2.5g,麦芽糊精0.3g,0.2g,0.1g,可溶性淀粉0.1g,,0.2g,0.3g三个水平进行三因素三水平的正交试验,确定出麦芽糊精,β-环糊精,可溶性淀粉的最佳添加量。发现每5ml花粉浸提液添加麦芽糊精0.2g,可溶性淀粉0.1g,β-环糊精2.0g,产品出粉率,溶解性及吸潮性等性能最好。
实施例5
核桃汁加入量的确定:准确量取四份备用花粉液样品各5ml,分别按料液比(v/v)为1:1,1:3,1:5,1:7加入5ml,15ml,25ml,35ml的核桃汁,加入0.045g柠檬酸,0.6g抗坏血酸,0.6g蜂蜜,0.9g白糖,0.2g麦芽糊精,0.1g可溶性淀粉,2.0gβ-环糊精,摇匀,经冷冻干燥得粉末,冲调品尝其口感。体积比花粉液:核桃汁=1:5时口味最佳,此时不但达到了所需营养配比的要求,而且在口感上味道适宜,甜度适中。
实施例5
白砂糖添加量的确定:准确量取四份备用花粉液样品各5ml,分别按2%、3%、4%、5%加入0.6g、0.9g、1.2g、1.5g白砂糖,加入25ml核桃汁,0.045g柠檬酸,0.6g抗坏血酸,0.6g蜂蜜,0.2g麦芽糊精,0.1g可溶性淀粉,2.0gβ-环糊精,摇匀,经冷冻干燥得粉末,冲调品尝其口感。发现添加5%(即1.5g)的白砂糖时,成品酸味柔和,口感良好,大部分人可接受。
实施例6
蜂蜜添加量的确定:准确量取四份备用花粉液样品各5ml,分别按1%、2%、3%、4%加入0.3g、0.6g、0.9g、1.2g蜂蜜,加入25ml核桃汁,0.045g柠檬酸,0.6g抗坏血酸,1.5g白砂糖,0.2g麦芽糊精,0.1g可溶性淀粉,2.0gβ-环糊精,摇匀,经冷冻干燥得粉末,冲调品尝其口感。增加蜂蜜的添加量,成品甜味有所增加,口感得到改善,但随着添加量的继续增大,成品外观特性受到影响,成粉极为不好,结块严重,因此添加蜂蜜0.6g较为合适。
实施例6
柠檬酸添加量的确定:准确量取四份备用花粉液样品各5ml,分别按0.1%、0.15%、0.2%、0.25%加入0.03g、0.045g、0.06g、0.075g柠檬酸,加入25ml核桃汁,0.6g蜂蜜,0.6g抗坏血酸,1.5g白砂糖,0.2g麦芽糊精,0.1g可溶性淀粉,2.0gβ-环糊精,摇匀,经冷冻干燥得粉末,冲调品尝其口感。添加0.15%(即0.045g)的柠檬酸时,成品酸味柔和、爽快,口感良好,为大多数人所接受。.
实施例7
抗坏血酸添加量的确定:准确量取四份备用花粉液样品各5ml,分别按1%、2%、3%、4%加入0.3g、0.6g、0.9g、1.2g抗坏血酸,加入25ml核桃汁,0.045g柠檬酸,0.6g蜂蜜,1.5g白砂糖,0.2g麦芽糊精,0.1g可溶性淀粉,2.0gβ-环糊精,摇匀,经冷冻干燥得粉末,冲调品尝其即时与放置数日的口感。抗坏血酸的加入,使成品的氧化变质得到了延迟,但过多地添加会影响产品的口味,当添加2%(即0.6g)时产品久置后口味较刚成粉时无变化,为最佳添加量。
实施例8
黄原胶添加量的确定:准确量取四份备用花粉液样品各5ml,分别按0.1%、0.15%、0.2%、0.25%加入0.03g、0.045g、0.06g、0.075g黄原胶,加入25ml核桃汁,0.045g柠檬酸,0.6g蜂蜜,1.5g白砂糖,0.6g抗坏血酸,0.2g麦芽糊精,0.1g可溶性淀粉,2.0gβ-环糊精,摇匀,经冷冻干燥得粉末,冲调静置观察其稳定性。黄原胶的加入,使成品冲调后的稳定性及口感都得到了一定程度的改善,但过多地添加会使其口感变得黏腻,黄原胶添加量为0.20%(0.06g)时口感良好,花粉溶液既不稀薄,也不黏腻,稳定性良好。
实施例8
桔子香精添加量的确定:所用金泉香精的参考使用量为0.1-0.2%,经计算花粉原液5ml滴加一滴即可满足要求。
实施例9
荞麦花粉复合营养速溶颗粒自由基的清除率测试:精密称取DPPH粉末0.01g,加入无水甲醇溶解并定容到250ml容量瓶中,配置出浓度为40ug/ml的DPPH的溶液备用。分别取0.05g,0.1g,0.15g,0.20g花粉,溶于100ml蒸馏水中,然后取0.5ml的待测液,加入到9.5ml浓度为40ug/ml的DPPH无水甲醇溶液中,迅速摇匀混合,避光静置30min,在517nm处测其吸光值,以不加样为空白对照,测其自由基清除率,结果见图11。计算方式:DPPH清除率%=(1-A样品/A对照)*100。
如图12所示,本发明经检测显示,产品中多糖含量为5.61g/100g,蛋白质含量为5.86g/100g,总黄酮含量为436mg/100g,农残低于0.01mg/kg。
Claims (9)
1.一种荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒,其特征在于各组分及其含量如下:
荞麦花粉提取液3~5份 核桃乳20~30份 白砂糖1~2份 蜂蜜0.5~1份 柠檬酸0.03~0.05份 抗坏血酸0.5~0.7份 麦芽糊精0.1~0.4份 可溶性淀粉0.1~0.2份 β-环糊精1.5~3份 黄原胶0.05~0.07份 香精适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒,其特征在于各组分及其含量如下:荞麦花粉提取液5份,核桃乳25份,白砂糖1.5份,蜂蜜0.6份,柠檬酸0.045份,抗坏血酸0.6份,麦芽糊精0.2份,可溶性淀粉0.1份,β-环糊精2.0份,黄原胶0.06份,桔子香精适量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒,其特征在于:取破壁花粉,加入体积比为(30~35):1的5~10%的乙醇溶液和10~15%的醋酸溶液于45~60℃浸提,浸提溶液离心,取上清液,回收溶剂得荞麦花粉提取液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒,其特征在于:破壁花粉经过一次浸提后,将沉淀再次使用80~90%的乙醇水溶液进行二次浸提。
5.根据权利要求3所述的荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒,其特征在于:所述浸提温度为50℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒,其特征在于:采用超临界CO2破壁法,超临界CO2压力为25~30 Mpa,温度45~60℃保压循环。
7.根据权利要求1所述的荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒,其特征在于:所述核桃乳是将去皮后的核桃仁加水以料液质量比1:(4~8)榨汁得到。
8.权利要求1所述的荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒的加工方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)荞麦花粉采用超临界CO2破壁;
(2)取破壁花粉,加入体积比为(30~35):1的5~10%的乙醇溶液和10~15%的醋酸溶液于45~60℃浸提,浸提溶液离心,取上清液,回收溶剂得荞麦花粉提取液;
(3)核桃仁加水以料液质量比1:(4~8)榨汁得到核桃乳;
(4)将3~5份荞麦花粉提取液,20~30份核桃乳,1~2份白砂糖,0.5~1份蜂蜜,0.03~0.05份柠檬酸,0.5~0.7份抗坏血酸,0.1~0.4份麦芽糊精,0.1~0.2份可溶性淀粉,1.5~3份β-环糊精,0.05~0.07份黄原胶和适量香精搅拌混匀,然后冷冻干燥,冻干工艺条件为:压力0.1MPa,温度-45℃,时间48小时。
9.权利要求1所述的荞麦花粉复合速溶颗粒在制备抗衰老保健品中的应用。
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