CN104956827B - 3D fertilization method for base fertilizer used for flue-cured tobacco - Google Patents

3D fertilization method for base fertilizer used for flue-cured tobacco Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104956827B
CN104956827B CN201510304737.7A CN201510304737A CN104956827B CN 104956827 B CN104956827 B CN 104956827B CN 201510304737 A CN201510304737 A CN 201510304737A CN 104956827 B CN104956827 B CN 104956827B
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tobacco
fertilizer
flue
cured tobacco
leaf
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CN104956827A (en
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邱昆鹏
陈晓红
李乃会
陈秀斋
张永春
林士亭
杨金彪
赵红玲
赵新峰
公爱芹
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Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co Ltd
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Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention discloses a 3D fertilization method for a base fertilizer used for flue-cured tobacco, belonging to the technical field of agriculture. The 3D fertilization method mainly comprises the following steps: in 15 to 30 d before transplantation of flue-cured tobacco, mixing composite fertilizer, potassium sulfate and organic fertilizer, uniformly applying the obtained mixture into soil, then mixing the fertilizer with soil and carrying out ridging so as to allow the fertilizer to be uniformly distributed in ridge bodies. The method mitigates the phenomenon of seedling burnt caused by concentrated fertilization, abates the phenomena of weak growth vigor of flue-cured tobacco in an early growth stage and flue-cured tobacco with unnatural elimination of jaundice, too thick upper tobacco leaves and too great nitrogen content in tobacco leaves, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, avoids resource waste and environmental pollution caused by concentrated fertilization, enhances appearance and inherent quality of the tobacco leaf, increases the proportion of first-class tobacco and has obvious economic benefits.

Description

The three-dimensional fertilizing methods of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of base manure fertilizing method of tobacco planting, especially the three-dimensional fertilizing methods of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D; Belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
In recent years, it is found that tobacco growth early stage growing way is weak, but into the prosperous long later stage, the black sudden and violent, upper blade of appearance is blocked up, leaf The too high phenomenon of face nitrogen content, it is relevant with the position that base manure applies fertilizer through this phenomenon of investigation and analysis.At present, in flue-cured tobacco cultivation The fertilizing method of base manure has central row replacement, nest to apply, bilateral row replacement, unilateral row replacement, bilateral row replacement is the main of current cured tobacco production Fertilizing method, although bilateral fertilising it is more satisfactory, but there are problems that fertilizer excessively concentrate, Root Absorption nutrient, Reason is that cigarette strain early stage root system is more thin and weak, and root system can not be fully contacted with applied fertilizer material, and Nutrient Absorption is not enough, when causing to go back seedling Between it is long, it is weak that cigarette strain grows irregular, growing way, the sturdy prosperity of later stage cigarette strain root system, and can go directly fertilising seat, and a large amount of absorption is supported Point, cause that supply is excessive to cause the black sudden and violent, phenomenon that upper blade is blocked up, blade face nitrogen content is too high, so as to affect quality of tobacco, drop Low first-class cigarette ratio.So, improve tobacco plant nutrition condition, tobacco leaf degree structure is adjusted, increase income, will be following work Main contents.
The content of the invention
To solve above technical problem, the present invention provides " 3D is three-dimensional " fertilizing method, can be with cigarette strain whole breeding time Demand supplies fertilizer, drops black quick-fried cigarette, the phenomenon that upper blade is blocked up, Leaf nitrogen content is too high, improves tobacco leaf outward appearance and inherent matter Amount, increases first-class cigarette ratio, increases economic efficiency.
The present invention solves technical problem and is adopted the technical scheme that:
The three-dimensional fertilizing methods of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) ridging:- 30 days 15 days before tobacco transplant, composite fertilizer, potassium sulfate, organic fertilizer are puddled, uniformly applied In the middle of soil, then fertilizer and soil are puddled, then ridging, fertilizer is evenly distributed in the middle of the body of ridge;
(2) transplant:Dig cave, pour transplanting water, water do not ooze completely it is lower before tobacco seedlings are inserted, with keep tobacco root system with The tight combination of soil, sprays Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material, and herbicide spraying completes to transplant;
(3) overlay film:Covering with plastic film immediately after transplanting, mulch film will tense compacting;
(4) other field management measures are identical with cigarette cultivation management technology code under film;By local tobacco grower after tobacco leaf maturation Harvesting custom is carried out.
Further, the flue-cured tobacco cultivars are NC55, NC102.
Further, dose is in step (1):40-45 kilogram of medium fertility vega Mu Shi composite fertilizers, potassium sulfate 10 are public The jin above, 30-40 kilogram of organic fertilizer.
Further, the composite fertilizer is N:P2O5:K2O=10:10:20.
Further, the organic fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following percentage by weight:Human and animal excreta 50%, wheat stalk 40%th, garlic stalk 10%.
Further, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer is:
Raw material is weighed according to above-mentioned percentage by weight, then mixes the human and animal excreta for weighing, wheat stalk, garlic stalk Close uniform, be fermentation material in being added to fermentation vat, add water and stir, the material moisture after stirring is in 50%- 60%, EM bacterium solutions are then sprayed, mix, continuing fermentation 7-20 days, you can, period turned over once per 3 days;
The addition of the EM bacterium solutions is 50gEM bacterium/cubic meter fermentation material, and the EM bacterium solutions add 10-30 times of water for EM bacterium Dilution stirring is formed.
Further, the Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:Azedarach 5, the fruit of Rangoon creeper 5, Chinese prickly ash 5, Chinese honey locust leaf 15, mulberry leaf 15, Phytolacca acinosa 5, tree-of-heaven leaf 5, datura flower 5, kerr treebine root and stem 5, yangtao actinidia branchlet and leaf 15, granatum 15, deinsectization Chrysanthemum 5, waste tobacco leaf 25, garlic 15.
Further, the preparation method of the Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material is:
Raw material is weighed according to above-mentioned weight portion, then raw material is placed in container, plus 3 times of decoctings boil 1 hour, decoction liquor Filter, obtain filtrate one, the dregs of a decoction are stayed in container, continue plus 2 times of decoctings are boiled 0.5 hour, filter, obtain filtrate two, merging is filtered twice Liquid, mixes, and obtains final product Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material.
Further, the herbicide is commercial herbicide.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The three-dimensional fertilizing method of 3D of the present invention, fertilizer is evenly distributed on ridge body, the tobacco root system after transplanting is absorbed in time Nutrition.Simultaneously, it is to avoid cause burn seedlings phenomenon because local concentration of fertilizer is excessive.
By the three-dimensional fertilizing methods of 3D of the present invention, form three-dimensional, comprehensive to root system fertilizer, can entirely give birth to cigarette strain Educate the demand supply fertilizer of phase, it is to avoid concentrate the problems such as black sudden and violent, blade that fertilising occurs is partially thick, Leaf nitrogen content is high.
Due to " 3D is three-dimensional " fertilising, tobacco seedlings root is fully contacted with fertilizer after transplanting, easily absorbs nutrient, improves cigarette Transplantation of seedlings is to survival rate behind land for growing field crops, and its survival rate is higher than traditional method for transplanting by 15% or so;" 3D is three-dimensional " applies fertilizer, and promotes tobacco seedlings root Portion develops, and land for growing field crops early growth is fast after transplanting, opens that straw hacking is more abundant, and growing way is neat, is that later stage cigarette strain reaches full growth and lays Basis.
The first-class cigarette ratio of flue-cured tobacco of " 3D is three-dimensional " fertilising cultivation improves 10-15% than the flue-cured tobacco that conventional fertilizer application is cultivated, and increases Tobacco grower's benefit is added.
The present invention adopts bio-organic fertilizer, on the one hand reaches twice laid, on the other hand increases fertilizer efficiency, and fertilizer Garlic stalk in material has the effect of pesticide-germicide.In addition, insecticide adopts Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material, desinsection effect is on the one hand increased Really, the administration of chemical insecticide is on the other hand greatly reduced, the pollution to environment is reduced.
Specific embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, present disclosure is further elucidated with reference to embodiment, but the present invention Content is not limited solely to the following examples, and embodiment is not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment:
The three-dimensional fertilizing methods of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D, comprise the following steps:
(1) ridging:Transplant first -30 days 15 days in tobacco (flue-cured tobacco cultivars are NC55, NC102), by composite fertilizer (N:P2O5: K2O=10:10:20), potassium sulfate, organic fertilizer are puddled, and are uniformly manured into soil central, then fertilizer and soil are puddled, Then ridging, makes fertilizer be evenly distributed in the middle of the body of ridge;Dose is:40-45 kilogram of medium fertility vega Mu Shi composite fertilizers, sulphur More than 10 kilograms of sour potassium, 30-40 kilogram of organic fertilizer.
The organic fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following percentage by weight:Human and animal excreta (cow dung, pig manure, night soil, sheep excrement 1:1:1:1) 50%, wheat stalk 40%, garlic stalk 10%.
Preparation method is:
Raw material is weighed according to above-mentioned percentage by weight, then mixes the human and animal excreta for weighing, wheat stalk, garlic stalk Close uniform, be fermentation material in being added to fermentation vat, add water and stir, the material moisture after stirring is in 50%- 60%, EM bacterium solutions are then sprayed, mix, continuing fermentation 7-20 days, you can, period turned over once per 3 days;
The addition of the EM bacterium solutions is 50gEM bacterium/cubic meter fermentation material, and the EM bacterium solutions add 10-30 times of water for EM bacterium Dilution stirring is formed.
(2) transplant:Dig cave, pour transplanting water, water do not ooze completely it is lower before tobacco seedlings are inserted, with keep tobacco root system with The tight combination of soil, sprays Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material, the Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material amount of spraying 5L/ mus;Herbicide spraying (commercial herbicide), can Select Quizalotop-ethyl, herbicide to spray according to packing instructions, complete to transplant;
The Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:Azedarach 5, the fruit of Rangoon creeper 5, Chinese prickly ash 5, Chinese honey locust leaf 15th, mulberry leaf 15, Phytolacca acinosa 5, tree-of-heaven leaf 5, datura flower 5, kerr treebine root and stem 5, yangtao actinidia branchlet and leaf 15, granatum 15, Dalmatian chrysanthemum 5, discarded Tobacco leaf 25, garlic 15.
The preparation method of the Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material is:
Raw material is weighed according to above-mentioned weight portion, then raw material is placed in container, plus 3 times of decoctings boil 1 hour, decoction liquor Filter, obtain filtrate one, the dregs of a decoction are stayed in container, continue plus 2 times of decoctings are boiled 0.5 hour, filter, obtain filtrate two, merging is filtered twice Liquid, mixes, and obtains final product Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material.
(3) overlay film:Covering with plastic film immediately after transplanting, mulch film will tense compacting;
(4) other field management measures are identical with cigarette cultivation management technology code under film;By local tobacco grower after tobacco leaf maturation Harvesting custom is carried out.
Method in above-described embodiment is used for the plantation of tobacco, and soil regime is medium fertility vega;Service condition is as follows:
Experimental group sets 3 groups, and control group sets 1 group.
For trying object:Tobacco.
Experimental group:Using the three-dimensional fertilizing methods of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D of the present invention;
Control group:According to cigarette cultivation management technology guidelines under film, administration fertilizer is 17-17-17 composite fertilizers.
Experimental result see the table below 1.
The tobacco leaf contrast and experiment of table 1.
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Contrast groups
Survival rate (%) 99.8 100 99.7 85.2
Incidence of disease % 0.6 0.8 0.9 22.3
In upper table 1, the incidence of disease includes the sum of the incidence of disease of virosis and sick leaf.
Table 2
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Contrast groups
First-class cigarette ratio (%) 75.2 75.3 75.5 60.2
Inferior cigarette ratio (%) 0.2 0.8 0.1 8.2
Yield (kg/ mus) 184.2 183.7 187.6 159.3
The three-dimensional fertilizing method of 3D of the present invention, fertilizer is evenly distributed on ridge body, the tobacco root system after transplanting is absorbed in time Nutrition.Simultaneously, it is to avoid cause burn seedlings phenomenon because local concentration of fertilizer is excessive;Its survival rate is higher than traditional method for transplanting by 15% or so. By the three-dimensional fertilizing methods of 3D of the present invention, form three-dimensional, comprehensive to root system fertilizer, can be with the need of cigarette strain whole breeding time Seek supply fertilizer, it is to avoid concentrate the problems such as black sudden and violent, blade that fertilising occurs is partially thick, Leaf nitrogen content is high;The first-class cigarette ratio of flue-cured tobacco 10-15% is improved than the flue-cured tobacco of conventional fertilizer application cultivation, tobacco grower's benefit is increased.
It is specific as follows:
From table 2 it can be seen that the yield of tobacco leaf can be significantly improved using fertilizing method disclosed by the invention.Experimental group Compare with control group, mu units increased in production is respectively 24.8kg, 24.4kg, 28.3kg, average mu units increased in production is 25.8kg;Rate of growth is 15.6%th, 15.3%, 17.8%, average rate of growth is 16.2%, according to the 20 yuan of calculating of per kilogram tobacco leaf average market price, mu Produce gain and be respectively 496 yuan, 488 yuan, 566 yuan, average yield per mu gain is 517 yuan.
The incidence of observation tobacco leaf pest and disease damage, during control group tobacco leaf planting, discovery has a large amount of pest and disease damage phenomenons, enters Row pesticide application, is just able to not cause big loss.Experimental group almost no disease and pests harm phenomenon, saves about 50 yuan of agricultural chemicals 0.07 hectare.
Overall to calculate, applying the three-dimensional fertilizing methods of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D of the present invention carries out tobacco planting, averagely per mu increase Economic benefit be 567 yuan.
In addition, increased using the soil quality of fertilizing method disclosed by the invention, the infiltration of soil, water conservation, thoroughly Gas ability strengthens.
The present invention adopts bio-organic fertilizer, on the one hand reaches twice laid, on the other hand increases fertilizer efficiency, and fertilizer Garlic stalk in material has the effect of pesticide-germicide.In addition, insecticide adopts Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material, desinsection effect is on the one hand increased Really, the administration of chemical insecticide is on the other hand greatly reduced, the pollution to environment is reduced.

Claims (6)

1. three-dimensional fertilizing methods of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) ridging:- 30 days 15 days before tobacco transplant, composite fertilizer, potassium sulfate, organic fertilizer are puddled, be uniformly manured into soil It is central, then fertilizer and soil are puddled, then ridging, makes fertilizer be evenly distributed in the middle of the body of ridge;
(2) transplant:Cave is dug, transplanting water is poured, was inserted tobacco seedlings before water does not ooze completely down, to keep tobacco root system and soil Tight combination, spray Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material, herbicide spraying completes to transplant;
(3) overlay film:Covering with plastic film immediately after transplanting, mulch film will tense compacting;
(4) other field management measures are identical with cigarette cultivation management technology code under film;By local tobacco grower's harvesting after tobacco leaf maturation Custom is carried out;
Dose is in step (1):40-45 kilogram of medium fertility vega Mu Shi composite fertilizers, more than 10 kilograms of potassium sulfate, fertilizer 30-40 kilogram of material;
The composite fertilizer is N:P2O5:K2O=10:10:20;
The organic fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following percentage by weight:Human and animal excreta 50%, wheat stalk 40%, garlic stalk 10%.
2. three-dimensional fertilizing methods of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the flue-cured tobacco cultivars are NC55、NC102。
3. three-dimensional fertilizing methods of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the system of the organic fertilizer Preparation Method is:
Percentage by weight according to claim 1 weighs raw material, then by the human and animal excreta for weighing, wheat stalk, garlic Stalk is well mixed, and is fermentation material in being added to fermentation vat, adds water and stirs, and the material moisture after stirring exists 50%-60%, then sprays EM bacterium solutions, mixes, continuing fermentation 7-20 days, you can, period turned over once per 3 days;
The addition of the EM bacterium solutions is 50gEM bacterium/cubic meter fermentation material, and the EM bacterium solutions add 10-30 times of water dilution for EM bacterium Stirring is formed.
4. three-dimensional fertilizing methods of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion:Azedarach 5, the fruit of Rangoon creeper 5, Chinese prickly ash 5, Chinese honey locust leaf 15, mulberry Leaf 15, Phytolacca acinosa 5, tree-of-heaven leaf 5, datura flower 5, kerr treebine root and stem 5, yangtao actinidia branchlet and leaf 15, granatum 15, Dalmatian chrysanthemum 5, waste tobacco leaf 25th, garlic 15.
5. three-dimensional fertilizing methods of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 4, it is characterised in that
The preparation method of the Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material is:
Weight portion according to claim 4 weighs raw material, and then raw material is placed in container, plus 3 times of decoctings are boiled 1 hour, Decoction liquor is filtered, and obtains filtrate one, and the dregs of a decoction are stayed in container, continues plus 2 times of decoctings are boiled 0.5 hour, is filtered, and obtains filtrate two, is merged Twice filtrate, mixes, and obtains final product Pesticide with Chinese medicinal material.
6. three-dimensional fertilizing methods of flue-cured tobacco base manure 3D according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the herbicide is commercially available Herbicide.
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CN105165384B (en) * 2015-11-01 2018-04-13 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 A kind of light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco
CN106281344B (en) * 2016-07-14 2021-05-04 胡大苇 Soil remediation agent for eliminating harmful bacteria
CN106305825A (en) * 2016-08-16 2017-01-11 广西大学 Traditional Chinese medicine pesticide and preparation method thereof
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CN112314141A (en) * 2020-11-17 2021-02-05 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 Fertilizing method for effectively reducing sulfur content of flue-cured tobacco

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CN102007843A (en) * 2010-09-28 2011-04-13 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 One-time nitrogen supply and fertilizer application method capable of improving applied nitrogen fertilizer effect of cured tobacco
CN102391037A (en) * 2011-08-15 2012-03-28 河海大学 Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for cured tobacco and application method thereof
CN103641576A (en) * 2013-10-23 2014-03-19 林凯 Traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN104262056A (en) * 2014-09-28 2015-01-07 河海大学 Special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobaccos and preparation method of special compound fertilizer

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1632241A (en) * 1926-12-09 1927-06-14 Malott George Henry Method of growing tobacco
CN101785400A (en) * 2010-04-02 2010-07-28 贵州省烟草科学研究所 Labor-saving flue-cured tobacco cultivation method
CN102007843A (en) * 2010-09-28 2011-04-13 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 One-time nitrogen supply and fertilizer application method capable of improving applied nitrogen fertilizer effect of cured tobacco
CN102391037A (en) * 2011-08-15 2012-03-28 河海大学 Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for cured tobacco and application method thereof
CN103641576A (en) * 2013-10-23 2014-03-19 林凯 Traditional Chinese medicine fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN104262056A (en) * 2014-09-28 2015-01-07 河海大学 Special compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobaccos and preparation method of special compound fertilizer

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