CN104936872A - 包括膨胀空间的热能储存器 - Google Patents

包括膨胀空间的热能储存器 Download PDF

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CN104936872A
CN104936872A CN201380054688.5A CN201380054688A CN104936872A CN 104936872 A CN104936872 A CN 104936872A CN 201380054688 A CN201380054688 A CN 201380054688A CN 104936872 A CN104936872 A CN 104936872A
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汉斯·皮勒布罗
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于储存热能的装置，该装置包括竖井(1)和至少一个管沟(2)，竖井(1)和至少一个管沟(2)彼此流体连通。管沟(2)包括至少一个第一管沟段(2a)、第二管沟段(2b)和第三管沟段(2c)。第二管沟段(2b)被布置在第一管沟段(2a)和第三管沟段(2c)间且连接到第一管沟段和第三管沟段。第二管沟段(2b)在连接到第三管沟段(2c)的端部(4)处进行封闭，并且第三管沟段还被连接到竖井(1)。竖井(1)与第一管沟段(2a)和第三管沟段(2c)适用于为热储存器容纳流体。假设流体的体积膨胀到超出竖井(1)及第一管沟段(2a)和第三管沟段(2c)的体积，则第二管沟段(2b)适用于用作膨胀空间。该装置还包括第一传送构件(5)和第二传送构件(6)，第一传送构件用于暂时将所膨胀的流体体积从竖井(1)和/或第三管沟段(2c)传递到第一管沟段(2a)中，且第二传送构件用于将所膨胀的流体体积从第一管沟段(2a)传递到第二管沟段(2b)。

Description

包括膨胀空间的热能储存器
发明领域
本发明涉及用于储存热能的装置，其包括竖井和至少一个管沟，所述竖井和至少一个管沟彼此流体连通。竖井和至少一个管沟适用于为热储存器容纳流体。
发明背景
存在对在现代能量技术领域内有效储存热能的需求。
例如，热能可以有利地储存在诸如水的流体中，其中流体在地面之上的绝缘贮水池中、在地面上的绝缘槽中或在地下的使用周围的地面作为绝缘的开凿的洞穴里。在很长的时间段中以很大程度保存流体的热能。现今，这些方法被用在世界的不同部分以便满足在不同季节之间储存热能的需求，例如储存暂时过剩的电力，之后在对过剩的电力存在需求时且优选地在其金融值更高时进行使用。主要的能量转换是从夏天的一部分(此时对供暖需求较低)到冬天的一部分(此时对供暖的需求更高)的转换。然而，通过将储存器用于短期变化并总是积极地储存过剩热量也大有获益。这些类型的储存器还可以用于储存将被用于冷却的冷却器的流体，以及用于具有中间的温度的流体，诸如在低温系统中使用的流体。
当储存地下热能时，人们必须考虑到流体变得越热则其膨胀越厉害，并且因此流体需要更多的空间。此外，人们必须考虑到在流体进入到认为不应该的地方的储存区的情况下的泄露或事故，并且因此容易、安全且快速移除这些流体的可能性。
此外，人们必须考虑到储存可能对周围的地下水水平造成的影响。
瑞典专利申请0950576-9公开了一种有效的热能的储存。然而，仍然存在对用于储存地下热能的更改进的装置的需求。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面的目的是提供用于储存地下热能的对环境友好的装置，采用该装置可以减小总的热能损耗。另外的目的是提供用于储存热能的、具有足够的膨胀和保护空间而不会带来不必要的构造或操作成本的改进装置，以及其中位于膨胀和保护空间内的任何流体可以被用于热能储存循环的装置。
根据本发明的第一方面，通过用于储存热能的装置来实现这些目的，所述装置包括竖井和至少一个管沟，竖井和至少一个管沟彼此流体连通，管沟至少包括第一管沟段、第二管沟段和第三管沟段，第二管沟段被布置在第一管沟段和第三管沟段之间并且连接到第一管沟段和第三管沟段，第二管沟段在连接到第三管沟段的端部处进行封闭，并且第三管沟段还被连接到竖井，竖井与第一和第三管沟段适用于为热储存器容纳流体，假设流体的体积膨胀到超出竖井及第一管沟段和第三管沟段的体积，则第二管沟段适用于用作膨胀空间，装置还包括第一传送构件和第二传送构件，第一传送构件用于暂时将膨胀的流体体积从竖井和/或第三管沟段传递到所述第一管沟段中，第二传送构件用于将膨胀的流体体积从第一管沟段传递到第二管沟段。
这样的装置促使热能储存器具有一些内置的膨胀空间，这使得储存器被过多流体淹没或含有过少的流体没有太严重的后果。
第一传送构件可以包括管道或沟道。
第二传送构件可以包括管道、沟道、局部壁或单向阀。该装置尽可能地利用重力，即可能的用于将储存器的流体从一个部分传递到另一个部分的最简单且最便宜的解决方案。
在一个实施例中，装置还包括布置成邻近竖井的单独的机室以及将机室连接到第二管沟段的第三传送构件。该传送构件促使容易且安全地将流体从机室移动到管沟。
第三传送构件可以包括管道或沟道。装置尽可能地利用重力，即可能的用于将储存器的流体从一个部分传递到另一个部分的最简单且最便宜的解决方案。
在另一个实施例中，如果第一管沟段中的流体体积下降至低于预定的极限值，那么通过泵构件将一定量的流体从第二管沟段传递到第一管沟段。这是又一个用于维持装置内的压力的简单解决方案。
根据本发明的第二方面，通过使用用于储存热能的这种装置来实现这些目的。
通常，除非本文另有明确规定，否则权利要求中使用的所有术语将根据其在本技术领域中的普通含义进行解释。除非另有明确陈述，否则对“一种(a)/一种(an)/所述(the)(元件、设备、组件、构件等)”的所有提及将被开放地解释为指所述元件、设备、组件、构件等中的至少一个示例。此外，在整个说明书提到的术语“包括”，其表示“包括但不限于”。
附图的简要说明
现在将参考示出本发明的当前优选的实施例的附图更详细地描述本发明的这些和其它方面。
图1示出了根据本发明的装置的实施例的顶视图。
图2示出了根据本发明的装置的实施例的横截面侧视图。
详细描述
图1和图2示出了用于储存地下热能的装置的一个实施例。储存的热量主要来自连接到区域供暖系统的现有生产设施，诸如热电联产站。其它可能的热量生成器为例如太阳能采集器和工业废热。
装置包括竖井1和至少一个管沟2。竖井1和管沟2彼此流体连通。竖井1实质上垂直延伸，而至少一个管沟2例如被布置成使得其以从竖井1的顶部到底部的螺旋状形式围绕竖井1.
管沟2包括至少三段，即第一管沟段2a、第二管沟段2b和第三管沟段2c。沿着管沟的范围连续布置管沟段2a-2c，即，如从其顶部到其底部的垂直方向上看，首先第一段2a，其后是第二段2b，及最后是第三段2c。第三段2c可以实际上包括若干子段，然而，由于简洁的原因，下文的描述总是将第三段2c作为单个段来提及。
第一管沟段2a的一个端部构成进入管沟的合适入口，其通常位于地表水平处。
还通过使用第一传送构件5来将第一管沟段2a连接到第三管沟段2c和/或竖井1，优选连接到其底部。当第一管沟段2a的流体体积，并且因此还有储存器中的压力降到低于预定极限值时，可以使用第一传送构件5来将流体从第三管沟段2c和/或竖井1传递到第一管沟段2a，以便使体积达到预定值之上。如果必要的话，也可以使用第一传送构件5以相应的方式将流体从第一管沟段2a传递到第三管沟段2c和/或竖井1。即，使用第一传送构件5增加或减少管沟段2a内的流体量来平衡管沟段2a中的压力。
第二管沟段2b被布置在第一管沟段2a和第三管沟段2c之间，使得其的一个端部6被连接到的第一管沟段2a且相对端部4被连接到第三管沟段2c。连接到第一管沟段2a的端部6被打开(即使没有完全打开)，以通过使用第二传送构件6进行流体流通，这在下文进行了更详细描述。连接到第三管沟段2c的端部4被不透地封闭，使得没有流体可以从第三管沟段2c传递到第二管沟段2b。进而将第三管沟段2c的相对端部连接到竖井1，优选连接到竖井1的底部部分。
竖井1和第三管沟段2c适用于为热储存器容纳流体，即，它们在储存器的正常使用期间容纳流体。通常，一定量的流体使得竖井1和第三管沟段2c完全充满流体。第一管沟段2a主要出于将储存器内的压力维持在预定区间内的水平的目的而容纳一定水平的流体，即，第一管沟段2a通常为热储存器容纳流体并且因此是储存装置的一部分。然而，其还可响应于竖井1和/或第三管沟段2c中的少量的过多流体或流体短缺充当暂时的短期缓冲区，即，响应于竖井1和第三管沟段2c中的流体膨胀或缩减在第一管沟段2a内发生流体水平的变化。
然而，第二管沟段2b仅仅用作膨胀空间。如果位于竖井1和第三管沟段2c中的流体的体积例如由于加热而膨胀，那么通过诸如管道或者沟道的第一传送构件5将过多体积的流体从竖井1或第三管沟段2c传递到第一管沟段2a中。
如果第一管沟段2a的体积也不足以容纳过多体积的流体，那么通过布置在第一管沟段2a和第二管沟段2b之间的诸如管道、沟道、局部壁或单向阀的第二传送构件6来将第一管沟段2a中的流体传递到第二管沟段2b中。独立于第二传送构件6的精确设计，其被布置成使得仅在第一管沟段2a内超出一定体积时才将来自第一管沟段2a的流体传递到第二管沟段2b中，即，其实质上充当溢洪道。例如，如果第一管沟段2a和第二管沟段2b之间的连接部6包括局部壁，该局部壁在管沟2内延伸使得局部壁的高度适合于总是将一定体积的流体保持在第一管沟段2a内。超出该体积的任意多余流体将越过局部壁6的顶部流动到第二管沟段2b中。
该装置还包括被布置成邻近竖井1的单独的机室3，即，机室3和竖井1并不例如借助于管沟而彼此进行连接，但仍然布置得相当接近彼此。该装置还包括将机室3连接到第二管沟段2b的第三传送构件7。机室3包括用于装置的工艺部件，例如热交换器、泵、及用来从储存器的竖井提取流体或将流体返回到储存器的竖井的可伸缩提取管。假设一定体积的流体由于泄漏或事故而例如从竖井1或从管沟2a进入机室3，则使用第三传送构件7以从机室移除流体并且将流体传递到第二管沟段2b。第三传送构件7优选为管道或沟道。如参见垂直方向上，由于机室3优选位于管沟2b之上，故让重力执行移除是合适的。
当第一管沟段2a的流体体积，并且因此还有储存器中的压力降至低于预定的极限值时，可以使用泵构件8来将流体从第二管沟段2b传递到第一管沟段2a以便使体积达到预定值之上。即，使用泵构件8增加或降低管沟段2a内的流体量来平衡管沟段2a中的压力。
假设第二管沟段2b中的流体的体积变得太大，并且如果将流体传送到第一管沟段2a是可不能的，那么过多的流体将被泵送到装置外部，例如泵送到地表水径流。然而，应尽可能避免这样，因为水具有经济价值且是有限的自然资源。
当流体由水组成时，应该将管沟段2a中的流体压力水平且因此还有储存器中的压力水平平衡到为周围的地下水压力的水平。然而，当流体不是水时，应该将管沟段2a中的流体压力水平平衡到稍微低于周围的地下水压力水平的水平，以便消除从储存器到周围的地下水的流体泄漏，并且因此消除对周围的地下水的影响。例如，当在未衬砌洞穴(unlined cavern)中储存烃与化石来源或生物来源(生物燃料)、盐溶液、盐水、氨水或一些其它的冷却介质时使用该方法。
本领域技术人员认识到，本发明绝不受限于上述的优选实施例。相反，在所附权利要求的范围内的许多修改和变化是可能的。例如，机室、传送构件、管沟段以及竖井相对于彼此的布置可在垂直方向上发生变化，使得泵、沟道、管道或阀的用途适合于特定的储存器结构。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于储存热能的装置，所述装置包括竖井(1)和至少一个管沟(2)，所述竖井(1)和所述至少一个管沟(2)彼此流体连通，所述管沟(2)至少包括第一管沟段(2a)、第二管沟段(2b)和第三管沟段(2c)，所述第二管沟段(2b)被布置在所述第一管沟段(2a)和所述第三管沟段(2c)之间并且连接到所述第一管沟段(2a)和所述第三管沟段(2c)，所述第二管沟段(2b)在连接到所述第三管沟段(2c)的端部(4)处进行封闭，并且所述第三管沟段(2c)还被连接到所述竖井(1)，所述竖井(1)与所述第一管沟段(2a)和所述第三管沟段(2c)适用于为热储存器容纳流体，如果所述流体的体积膨胀到超出所述竖井(1)及所述第一管沟段(2a)和所述第三管沟段(2c)的体积，则所述第二管沟段(2b)适用于用作膨胀空间，所述装置还包括第一传送构件(5)和第二传送构件(6)，所述第一传送构件(5)用于将所膨胀的流体体积从所述竖井(1)和/或所述第三管沟段(2c)传递到所述第一管沟段(2a)中，且所述第二传送构件(6)用于将所膨胀的流体体积从所述第一管沟段(2a)传递到所述第二管沟段(2b)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中所述第一传送构件(5)包括管道或沟道。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其中所述第二传送构件(6)包括管道、沟道、局部壁或单向阀。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，还包括布置成邻近所述竖井(1)的单独的机室(3)，及将所述机室(3)连接到所述第二管沟段(2b)的第三传送构件(7)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置，其中所述第三传送构件(7)包括管道或沟道。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其中，如果所述第一管沟段(2a)中的流体体积下降至低于预定的极限值，那么通过泵构件(8)将一定量的流体从所述第二管沟段(2b)传递到所述第一管沟段(2a)。
7.一种根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置的用途，用于将所述储存器中的流体水平平衡到稍微低于周围的地下水水平的水平，以便消除从所述储存器到所述周围的地下水的流体泄漏。
8.一种根据权利要求4-6中任一项所述的装置的用途，用于出于排泄和/或安全性的原因而将所述机室(3)连接到所述第二管沟段(2b)。
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