CN104920007B - A kind of strawberry and the method for agaricus bisporus alternate cultivation - Google Patents
A kind of strawberry and the method for agaricus bisporus alternate cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104920007B CN104920007B CN201510256445.0A CN201510256445A CN104920007B CN 104920007 B CN104920007 B CN 104920007B CN 201510256445 A CN201510256445 A CN 201510256445A CN 104920007 B CN104920007 B CN 104920007B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that strawberry and agaricus bisporus alternate are cultivated, including got the raw materials ready by cultivation of agaricus bisporus material formula, through primary fermentation and after fermentation, obtain mushroom compost；Bran is applied in summer strawberry plastic shed soil, canopy is detained, is covered hyaline membrane, using fermentation fever and solar energy to soil disinfection, do ridge, take out the sterilized making soil covering of mushroom of ridge subsoil；Summer and autumn feeding block seedlings raising, promotes bud differentiation and new root to occur；Autumn mushroom-cultivating stone, sowing, earthing in high ridge, treat mycelia well-grown in compost and overburden layer, by the implantation of strawberry nutrition pot seedling；Strawberry greenhouse forcing culture is managed, temperature adjustment humidity, Gai Peng, covering film, prevents or wake up strawberry dormancy, honeybee pollination, mushroom fruitbody induction and development；Timely collecting.The present invention has ensured strawberry and the production of mushroom high-efficiency high-quality, improves plantation efficiency and benefit；The high-valued of stalk and feces of livestock and poultry is realized, the High-efficiency Sustainable development of agricultural is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, more particularly to a kind of method that strawberry and agaricus bisporus alternate are cultivated.
Background technology
Agricultural crop straw comprehensive utilization is the important content of low-carbon agriculture, and China's agricultural crop straw yield is big, distribution is wide, kind
Class is more, is valuable agricultural resource.National stalk in 2010 can collect stock number and be about 700,000,000 tons, and stalk kind is with paddy rice, small
Based on wheat, corn etc., about 2.11 hundred million tons of straw, about 1.54 hundred million tons of wheat straw, about 2.73 hundred million tons of maize straw.Agricultural is scored consecutive bumper harvests,
Agricultural crop straw yield increases year by year, and stalk arbitrarily abandons, it is serious to burn phenomenon.China pays much attention to stalk comprehensive utilization work
Make,《Opinion on accelerating propulsion agricultural crop straw comprehensive utilization》(2008) and《" 12 " agricultural crop straw synthesis
Using embodiment》Under policy guidances such as (2011), by advancing stalk comprehensive utilization, balanced to stablize Agro-ecology,
Alleviate resource constraint, mitigate environmental pressure.
Agricultural is preferential, polynary using being agricultural crop straw comprehensive utilization basic principle, and stalk derives from agricultural production, comprehensive
It is preferential to meet agricultural and animal husbandry demand using that must adhere to being combined with agricultural production；Stalk contains abundant organic matter, nitrogen
Phosphorus potassium and trace element, are the important organic fertilizer resources of agricultural production；Stalk contains abundant nutriment, 4 tons of nutrition of stalk
Value can provide material guarantee equivalent to 1 ton-grain food for animal husbandry sustainable development；Stalk plants edible mushroom, is conducive to stalk to provide
Depth is utilized, and extends agricultural industry chain, is increased farmers' income.Therefore, stalk fertilizer, straw feed, stalk base-material
Land use systems be modern agriculture important content, straw circulating type agricultural demonstration project be recent China's stalk fertilizer, raise
Materialization, the emphasis in base-material field.
Mushroom production is the important way effectively using crop material and feces of livestock and poultry, is stalk base-material and Fertilizer Transformed
Main path；Mushroom scientific name described in current people is agaricus bisporus [Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing], also referred to as
Foreign mushroom, white mushroom, belong to Eumycota, Agaricales, basidiomycetes subclass, Agaricaceae, Agaricus, are that commercialization cultivation scale is most in the world
Greatly, the area most most edible mushroom of wide, output is popularized.Mushroom meat fertilizer is tender, tasty, is high protein, low fat, is rich in
The nutraceutical of vitamin, it contains 18 kinds of amino acid, including 8 kinds of essential amino acids, contains various nucleotides and mineral
Matter；Mushroom is careless saprophytic bacteria, nutrient can only be absorbed from the matrix (organic matter) for being grown by mycelia, it is impossible to carry out light cooperation
With, detest light, consume oxygen, produce carbon dioxide.Matrix needed for mushroom growth development is by agriculturals such as wheat straw, straw, cow dungs
Discarded object is formed through high temperature fermentation reactor system, and the compost that will be fermented thereafter is laid in greenhouse or mushroom house and is sown into mushroom on bedstead
Strain, treats mycelial growth, earthing, and fruit-body formation, timely collecting processing obtains commodity mushroom, and bacteria residue is used as organic fertilizer.Mushroom
Production season is often autumn culture.
The Fragaria rose family (Rosaceae) Fragaria (Fragaria), is perennial evergreen herbaceous plant, in gardening
Category berry tree, cultigen pineapple strawberry scientific name is F.ananassa Duch；Strawberry fruit is beautiful in colour, delicious flavour, contains
There are abundant nutrient and mineral matter needed by human, vitamin, several amino acids.According to surveying and determination, containing sugar in ripe strawberry fresh fruit
5%~12%, organic acid 1%~5%, pectin 1%~1.7%, protein 0.4%~0.6%, inorganic salts 0.6%, crude fibre
1.4%, 300~800 milligrams of vitamin C, vitamin B are contained in every kilogram of pulp10.2 milligram, 0.1 milligram of carrotene, Buddhist nun
Gram 3 milligrams of acid, 312 milligrams of calcium, 402 milligrams of phosphorus, 10.8 milligrams of iron；Strawberry is short and small, small investment, instant effect, high efficiency, suitable
Protectorate cultivation is closed, is that fresh fruit lists earliest fruit in 1 year.Strawberry is over nearly 20 years as with fastest developing speed in China's fruit growing
A new industry, by national geography famous special product --- as a example by the double fluid winter strawberry of Sichuan, since 2010, cultivated area is steady
It is scheduled on more than 50,000 mu, more than 3.5 hundred million yuan of the gross output value is main project that double-current hilly area increasing peasant income are got rich.
Strawberry facility cultivation is the direction of south China particularly Sichuan Strawberry industry development, and autumn forcing culture is main
Form.Strawberry Leaves growth needs 20~25 DEG C of temperature to be advisable, and obvious, leaf is declined less than 15 DEG C or higher than 30 DEG C of photosynthesis rates
Piece photosynthesis need to ensure the supply of carbon dioxide；Strawberry root growth is greatly influenced by temperature, 10 centimeters temperature under earth's surface
At 13~18 DEG C, strawberry development is preferable, and the growth of root is best suitable at 20 DEG C；Soil moisture is advisable with daystart strawberry leaf margin water breakthrough；
Strawberry likes the abundant soil of humus (organic matter)；The growth of the favourable strawberry roots of pH 5~8；The forcing culture strawberry fruit picking phase is up to
4~6 months, strawberry ensured vigorous nutrient growth and reproductive growth for a long time again intolerant to fertilizer, then answer base manure abundance, dressing fertilizer few
Amount is multiple；Generally based on organic fertilizer, about every mu of amount applies 2~3 tons to cultivated strawberry base manure.
The technical scheme of prior art one
Southern strawberry facility forcing culture, be in strawberry Protectorate cultivation fruit maturation listing earliest, economic well-being of workers and staff it is best
A kind of planting type, it is, using after bud differentiation measure, in facility plastic greenhouse, to be colonized at the beginning of September, mid-October to Strawberry Seedlings
Lid canopy film, is incubated in the winter time using greenhouse facility, plant is not entered dormancy, develops strawberry normal growth, knot of blooming ahead of time
Really, realize that the time of the year when autumn changes into winter (November) lists, picking time can be extended to May next year, on the occasion of fresh fruit breach phase in winter, economic benefit
Be other cultivated strawberry patterns be unable to than.Strawberry forcing culture technological core mainly has to be had from the shallow kind of dormancy, heavy dressing
Machine fertilizer make base manure, the plantation of small high-ridge double-row, covering film lid canopy film, humiture and rich water quality management, applying carbon dioxide fertilizer, plant it is whole
Reason and the links such as management of pollinating.
The shortcoming of prior art one
Strawberry greenhouse forcing culture basic fundamental flow has Fruit variety, nurturing staff, fertilising site preparation, in good time field planting, button
Canopy insulation, breaking dormancy, Plant adjustment, supple-mentary pollination and harvesting etc..Strawberry plant greenhouse is the system of relative closure, and strawberry is good for
The conditions such as strong growth needs suitable light, temperature, water, gas, aerial temperature and humidity is in enough carbon dioxide, the gentle canopy in suitable ground
The key of strawberry robust growth, Highly effective.Carbon dioxide is one of raw material of photosynthesis of plant, because winter is guarantor
Card temperature of shed, the time of leaking informaton is general shorter, and gas concentration lwevel drastically declines in daystart greenhouse so that photosynthetic functions of strawberry effect effect
Rate is substantially reduced, and this can restrict the yield and quality of strawberry；Therefore, release carbon dioxide is very necessary, and Main Means have burning
Carbonaceous material, apply carbon dioxide particle fertilizer or dry ice, chemical method release carbon dioxide, application of organic fertilizers etc..
Flourishing strawberry root system is fixed for plant, water and nutrient absorbs very necessary, but strawberry root system receives lower 10 lis of earth's surface
Temperature influence is very big at rice, and temperature is best suitable for the growth of root at 20 DEG C, and winter greenhouse strawberry forcing culture can effectively improve gas
Temperature, improves effectiveness and does not show to ground temperature, and high ridge and covering with ground sheeting lifting ground temperature have certain effect, but root growth is still stagnated substantially,
The quality and yield of strawberry can be influenceed.
Ground plants strawberry because the reasons such as soil-borne disease, chemical fertilizer application, continuous cropping, Rhizosphere ecosystem are unbalance, is easily made by courses of infection
Into the underproduction, continuous cropping obstacle is protruded；To improve cultivated strawberry benefit, light temperature resource is effectively utilized, raised the multiple-cropping index and soil profit
With rate, improve the ecological environment, overcome continuous cropping obstacle, a work, crop rotation, interplanting technology are also applied in strawberry production, often with paddy rice,
Cotton, fruit tree, vegetables and melon and fruit etc. shift of crops, a work, interplanting, but they and strawberry belong to photoautotrophy type biology, meeting together
The supply of competition carbon dioxide and inorganic nutrients.
The technical scheme of prior art two
Cultivation of agaricus bisporus is fermented into compost with crop material and feces of livestock and poultry as main material by During High-Temperature Composting,
Stone, access mushroom, the soil fruiting after sprouting on fruiting frame.4~32 DEG C of mushroom mycelium can grow, optimum temperature
It it is 20~22 DEG C, 14~16 DEG C of fruit body development is optimal；Mushroom life moisture needs compost to keep 60%~65%, air phase
To humidity 85%~90%；Agaricus aerobic heterotrophic organism, mushroom respiration generation great amount of carbon dioxide, mycelial growth,
Fruit body development can be suppressed by carbon dioxide, it is necessary to ventilation；Mushroom belongs to photophobe mushroom；Mushroom growth appropriate pH is
6.2~8.5.Mushroom production season is often autumn culture, for ensure mushroom normally produce, fruiting link to light, temperature, water,
Gas etc. will accomplish effectively regulation, and facility condition is with a higher standard.
The shortcoming of prior art two
The either common greenhouse cultivation in mushroom field or factory culture, it is necessary to create facility condition, be mushroom growth
Good environmental condition is provided, such as temperature will meet mycelial growth, fruit body development demand, and illumination is too strong to influence mycelia to give birth to
Long, fructification commodity value, ventilation oxygen supply discharge carbon dioxide, compost and earthing moisture are controlled, air humidity control, these
The creation of condition needs the equipment and technical system of complexity to ensure.Mushroom is usually individually plantation, not interplanting.Additionally, mushroom
Production has carbon dioxide and bacteria residue often directly as waste discharge, can bring environmental effluent problems.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that strawberry and agaricus bisporus alternate are cultivated, it is intended to utilize strawberry ---
Mushroom nutrition and physiological general character that is complementary, preferably giving birth to environmental condition, set up mushroom certain kind of berries one cultivation alternate system, efficiently using work
Thing stalk and feces of livestock and poultry resource, promote the High-efficiency Sustainable development of agricultural.Namely in mushroom certain kind of berries one cultivation alternate system, grass
Certain kind of berries light, consumption carbon dioxide, release oxygen, autotrophic type, agaricus bisporus detest light, consumption oxygen, release carbon dioxide, heterotrophism
Type, and the two growing environment temperature, damp condition are consistent, also, are with agricultural wastes such as crop material and feces of livestock and poultry
Raw material, is again the compost of mushroom growth both as the source of manure of strawberry growth after being fermented through During High-Temperature Composting.Mushroom certain kind of berries one alternate
Cultivation is highly mutually beneficial set operation mode.
A kind of method that the present invention is achieved in that strawberry and the cultivation of agaricus bisporus alternate, the strawberry and double spore mushrooms
The method of mushroom alternate cultivation is comprised the following steps：
Step one, material culture of agaricus bisporus formula and fermentation, recipe requirements carbon nitrogen mol ratio 30~33：1, nitrogen content
1.4%~1.6%, inventory, 30~37kg/m2；With 100m2Meter：Dry rice straw 2000kg, calcium superphosphate 30kg, dry cow dung
1300kg, land plaster 50kg, vegetable seed oil cake 80kg, calcium carbonate 40kg, urea 30kg, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 30kg, pulverized limestone 50kg, wheat
Bran 50kg, rice bran 50kg；By standard Mushroom production, through primary fermentation and after fermentation, cultivation of agaricus bisporus material is obtained；Purchase standard mushroom
Mushroom cultivation strain；
Step 2, summer applies wheat bran in strawberry greenhouse：Rice bran is 1：1 mixed material, ploughs uniform, and south-north direction does
Ridge, 1.0 meters~1.2 meters are accounted for per ridge Lian Gou, and ridge is high 30 centimetres~40 centimetres, 50 centimetres of row spacing, 25 centimetres~30 lis of furrow bottom width
Rice, covers hyaline membrane, button canopy, using fermenting organism heat and solar thermal energy sterilization and disinfestation；
August early and middle ten dayses, the pool (i.e. mushroom is culture bed) is drawn into along ridge trend by ridge face, and the pool is along wide 5 centimetres, 40 lis of pool inner width
Rice, the pool is deep 25 centimetres；Soil solar disinfection or pharmacy disinfection are taken out in ridge bottom, regulate and control soil moisture content, in case being used as mushroom
Earthing；
Step 3, after ridge is done in completion, mushroom-cultivating material is spread in the pool of high ridge, 20 centimetres of material thickness~25 centimetres, material temperature
Agaricus bisporus strain is sown into less than 30 DEG C, strain is mixed with compost, cover sterilized, aqueous moderate soil covering of mushroom grain,
4 centimetres of thickness, strawberry greenhouse covers 90% sunshade net, humiture and soil covering of mushroom layer moisture in regulation canopy；
Step 4, at the beginning of late May to 6 months, with 10 centimetres~12 centimetres of bore, 10 centimetres high of plastic nutrition bowl, dress
Enter seedling medium, nutritive cube is embedded in by plant, the seedling with 2~3 leaves is not cut into stolon is pressed directly into nutritive cube,
Take root, nutrition pot seedling moved into nursery centralized management after 20 days, the later stage turns alms bowl and is completely cured, and controls nutrient growth, promotes bud differentiation,
Inspire new root；
Step 5, after after soil covering of mushroom 10 days~15 days, treats mycelia well-grown in compost and overburden layer, by nutrition
Alms bowl Strawberry Seedlings are implanted into, and the stolon of seedling comes to towards in ridge, strawberry root system not with mushroom compost directly contact, plantation density line-spacing
25 centimetres~30 centimetres, 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows, pour root water, and slow seedling removes sunshade net in 1 day~2 days after field planting, stay 5~6 to be good for
Strong leaf, because of feeding block seedlings raising bud differentiation morning, early October lid canopy is incubated 30 DEG C 7 days~10 days, it is therefore an objective to prevent or wake up grass
Certain kind of berries dormancy, plant is progressively cooled to 25 DEG C after buddingging；
Late October, on ridge, upward, ridge face spreads hyaline membrane to ridge shoulder to paving drip irrigation perforated plastic flexible pipe, and remainder is extremely in hole
Bottom of trench then spreads black film, is fixed at the shoulder of ridge, on ridge face hyaline membrane residence.
Step 6, mushroom can utilize what is formed after strawberry field planting to shelter from heat or light, and temperature is up to 20 DEG C, soil covering of mushroom water under Strawberry Leaves
It is in charge of reason stage by stage to tie mushroom water, fruiting water, turning stubble water, few spray, diligent spray is accomplished during water spray, the soil layer that just drenched with water is
It is good, moisture is managed with drip irrigation after strawberry covering film, strawberry Post flowering uses honeybee supple-mentary pollination, and honeybee adjusts air after entering canopy
Humidity；
Mushroom fruitbody is formed for 25 days~30 days after earthing, and fruiting is in pricks stomata on mulch film, is not opened in cap, mycoderm
Do not break when harvest in time, strawberry fruit it is red to 80%~90% when harvest.
Further, forward step one, it is critical only that late July gets the raw materials ready by formula, through prewetting, spice, accumulation, the ring such as turning
Section, completes primary fermentation and the after fermentation of mushroom compost, and the deadline answers mid or late August.
Further, forward step four, to it is critical only that and start feeding block seedlings raising at the beginning of late May to 6 months, note nutrition, water
Point, light regulating and controlling illumination, complete bud differentiation, it is ensured that Strawberry Seedlings quality.
Further, forward step two, it is critical only that and ensure the validity of soil disinfection desinsection, do plant ridge and the pool (mushroom
Bed) integrated, cover soil material sterilization synchronization is strawberry --- mushroom creates good soil environment；
Further, the deadline of strict rate-determining steps one, two, four, it is necessary to step 3, five propulsion timing node phase
Agree with, i.e., centered on the sowing of greenhouse mushroom stone and the field planting of strawberry nutrition pot seedling, priority support strawberry forcing culture is cultivated excellent
Matter strawberry fruit and mushroom fruitbody.
The present invention sets up mushroom certain kind of berries one cultivation alternate system, improves plantation efficiency.
Two kinds of biologies that can be lived on one's own life, when they are living together, can be favourable by respective metabolic activity
In other side or laterality in a side, referred to as intergrowth relation (metabiosis), this is the loose of a kind of " partable, composition and division in a proportion is divided "
Correlation.The nutrition of strawberry and mushroom, physiology and ecological environmental condition have general character and complementation, with planting when in greenhouse,
Each self energy obtains benefit from the vegetative activity of other side.
1. the benefit of strawberry during mushroom certain kind of berries alternate is cultivated.Mushroom growth, decomposes compost release carbon dioxide, meets strawberry and exists
To the demand of carbon dioxide in greenhouse；All kinds of nitrogen sources of mushroom compost be converted into amino acid, mycoprotein or rich nitrogen lignin-
Humus complex, it is ensured that demand of the strawberry to nitrogen high-quality nutrient；Compost through hot fermentation, thermophilic bacteria, actinomyces,
The mould grade of humic is very active, synthesizes plant hormone and vitamin, and the influence of growing on strawberry is huge, in mushroom compost
Microorganism can adjust strawberry root microbiologic population and constitutes in itself, favourable strawberry health；Culture material formula mineral contains
Amount is abundant, and by the activation of hot fermentation microorganism and mushroom mycelium, some mineral matters such as calcium can also adjust pH, it is ensured that strawberry
Mineral nutrition and favourable pH environment；Mushroom mycelium grows under earthing, can produce certain biological heat, can maintain or carry
The temperature of winter strawberry root high.
2. the benefit of mushroom during mushroom certain kind of berries alternate is cultivated.Photosynthetic functions of strawberry acts on the oxygen needed for can providing mushroom growth, disappears
Change the carbon dioxide for suppressing mushroom fruitbody development；Strawberry Leaves are flourishing, and shade density is high under blade, temperature is low, is that mushroom is real
Body development provides good dark conditions and temperature conditionss；Mushroom is biological heterotroph, consumes organic matter, photosynthetic functions of strawberry effect
Having 10%~20% in product is discharged into soil in root exudates form by strawberry, and this is that mushroom is supported supplemented with organic
Point, it is to avoid utilized by pathogenic microorganism, be also beneficial to strawberry disease prevention.
3. environmental condition during mushroom certain kind of berries alternate is cultivated.Strawberry and mushroom enjoy light and detest light, mushroom mycelium and strawberry underground respectively
Portion grows in underground, and required temperature is basically identical, 13~22 DEG C can well-grown, water demand is also basically identical, and pH is also
In the range of 6~8；Strawberry Leaves like temperature for 20~25 DEG C, and mushroom fruitbody is growth of sheltering from heat or light in Strawberry Leaves lower film,
Temperature is relatively low, humidity is higher, and fruit body development is good, and strawberry leaves, flower, fruit then need humidity low.Pass through under-film drip irrigation in cultivation season
Temperature of shed, air humidity and moisture can be effectively adjusted with greenhouse management, is strawberry and Mushroom production is created a favorable environment bar
Part.
The cultivation of mushroom certain kind of berries alternate can realize high-valued, the raising household income of stalk and feces of livestock and poultry, maintenance arable land.
Agricultural wastes, particularly straw utilization rate is low, often burns or abandons, and seriously threatens ecological environment.Solve this
Individual problem, it is impossible to depend merely on ban, answers policy follow, and profitable people can just use.Mushroom certain kind of berries alternate is cultivated with crop material and livestock and poultry
Excrement is primary raw material, after being fermented through During High-Temperature Composting, is fed intake by 30~37kg/ square metres, as mushroom and the nutrient source of strawberry,
The two nutritive peculiarity difference causes that intergrowth relation is established.By 8 meters × 50 meters greenhouses, per canopy mushroom area at 160 square metres,
To be used up 4.8~5.9 tons of stalks and feces of livestock and poultry, be colonized about 5200 plants of strawberry, about 1.5 tons of mushrooms of output and 1.5 tons of strawberries, this
A little products are to reach green non-pollution, or even organic farm products standard, and based on 15 yuan of per kilogram, strawberry presses 30 yuan of per kilogram to mushroom
Meter, per the canopy output value up to more than 60,000 yuan, garden pattern is plucked with Peasants Joy, can also increase by 50% income.Mushroom and grass are harvested
After the certain kind of berries, compost residue can be substantially improved the soil organism, and strawberry seedling is also used as next round Mushroom production raw material.The mushroom certain kind of berries is mutual
Raw cultivation realizes " stalk+feces of livestock and poultry --- strawberry+mushroom " utilization of resources chain, changes harmful to treasure, and protects and lifted arable land matter
Amount, also for people improve safety and Health tasty food --- strawberry and mushroom.
Mushroom certain kind of berries alternate cultivation optimization rhizosphere of strawberry ecological environment, reduces chemical fertilizer, Pesticide use, and mushroom, the certain kind of berries are happy with adopting during results
Interest is infinite.
It is customer-oriented important form that strawberry plucks garden, is income highest marketing mode, to the quality and food of product
It is high with safety requirements.Strawberry is tender and lovely, fruit succulence, without pericarp protection, is subject to pest and disease damage invasion and attack, general Planting household
Chemical fertilizer, Pesticide use are universal, and security and quality cause anxiety.Cultivated using mushroom certain kind of berries alternate, the mushroom compost itself of hot fermentation
With being largely conducive to, plant is disease-resistant, adjust the beneficial microbe of root system ecological environment, strawberry robust growth, and reducing agricultural chemicals makes
With.The strawberry forcing culture collecting period is long, vigorous to nutritional need, has in mushroom growth is using compost in the cultivation of mushroom certain kind of berries alternate
Machine nutrient, discharges inorganic nutrients, amino acid and plant hormone steadily in the long term, meets strawberry growth, reduces strawberry rich water quality management difficult
Degree, uses chemical fertilizer less；And strawberry can account for photosynthesis manufacture in the form of root exudates in growth to soil release
10%~20% organic matter, this can supplement nutrient, also be avoided being utilized by pathogenic microorganism for mushroom growth, reduce strawberry morbidity
Probability.Cultivated by mushroom certain kind of berries alternate, establish the Rhizosphere ecosystem of harmony, the quality of output strawberry and mushroom gets a promotion, effectively
Control security risk, red gorgeous strawberry and snow-white mushroom are harvested during results simultaneously, and client's particularly child's meeting is plucked to going sightseeing
There is strong attraction.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of strawberry provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the cultivation of agaricus bisporus alternate.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Strawberry belongs to the autotrophic type photosynthetic organism that consumption carbon dioxide discharges oxygen, and it is suitable that strawberry forcing culture needs
The conditions such as light, temperature, water, gas, fertilizer；The heterotroph that agaricus bisporus belongs to consumption oxygen release carbon dioxide detests photo-biological, its life
It is also required to the conditions such as certain light, temperature, water, gas.The present invention uses alternate Ecological Principle, using strawberry and agaricus bisporus physiology,
Nutrition and ecosystem characterization, with cultivated strawberry greenhouse as basic facilities, play strawberry and agaricus bisporus physiology, nutrition, ecosystem characterization
Height it is complementary the characteristics of, with the agricultural wastes such as crop material and feces of livestock and poultry as raw material, after being fermented through During High-Temperature Composting, both used
Make the source of manure of strawberry growth, be again the compost of mushroom growth, other side is respectively in growth and creates good ecological microenvironment, it is real
Existing strawberry and the high-efficiency high-quality production of mushroom.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment is further described to application principle of the invention.
As shown in figure 1, the method for the strawberry of the embodiment of the present invention and the cultivation of agaricus bisporus alternate is comprised the following steps：
Step one, cultivation of agaricus bisporus culture material formula, carbon nitrogen mol ratio 30~33：1, nitrogen content 1.4%~1.6%,
Inventory, 30~37kg/m2, recommended formula is (with 100m2Meter)：Dry rice straw 2000kg, calcium superphosphate 30kg, dry cow dung 1300kg,
Land plaster 50kg, vegetable seed oil cake 80kg, calcium carbonate 40kg, urea 30kg, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 30kg, pulverized limestone 50kg, wheat bran 50kg,
Rice bran 50kg；
Step 2, compost primary fermentation stage.Crop material and feces of livestock and poultry limewash are prewetted overnight, are leached, composting 2
~3 days, urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, wheat bran, rice bran, vegetable seed oil cake etc. are admixed, heap fermentation, second day heap temperature is up to 40~50
DEG C, 65~75 DEG C can be raised at 4~5 days, now should turning, for the first time at 6~8 days of upper heap, second turning is first
5~7 days after secondary turning, 4~5 days after second turning of third time turning, other materials was then added in follow-up turning；
Step 3, compost after fermentation stage.The material of primary fermentation is transferred in room or tunnel that can be closed, is passed through
Steam or heating, material temperature are maintained 6~8 hours up to 60~62 DEG C, aeration-cooling to 48~52 DEG C, are maintained 4~6 days, obtain final product mushroom
Compost, the after fermentation deadline will mutually be connected with the high ridge preparation deadline, and the time is mid or late August；
The preparation of step 4, high ridge (cultivation bed) and soil covering of mushroom material.Summer applies wheat bran in strawberry greenhouse：Rice bran is
1：1 mixed material, ploughs uniform, and south-north direction does ridge, and 1.0~1.2 meters are accounted for per ridge Lian Gou, and ridge is high 30~40 centimetres, row spacing 50
Centimetre, 25~30 centimetres of furrow bottom width covers hyaline membrane, button canopy, using fermenting organism heat and solar thermal energy sterilization and disinfestation.In August
In the middle ten days, the pool (i.e. mushroom is culture bed) is drawn into ridge face along ridge trend, the pool is along wide 5 centimetres, 40 centimetres of pool inner width, and the pool is deep 25 centimetres.
When doing ridge, it is native individually placed that part bottom of trench takes out, to make soil covering of mushroom.Soil covering of mushroom granular size such as pigeon eggs, uses solar energy
Sterilization or medicament (carbendazim or thiophanate) sterilization, regulate and control soil moisture content；
Step 5, mushroom sowing, earthing and mycelial growth.After ridge is done in completion, mushroom-cultivating material is spread in the pool of high ridge,
Material is thick 20~25 centimetres, and material temperature can be sown into agaricus bisporus strain less than 30 DEG C, strain is mixed with compost, cover immediately through disappearing
Malicious, aqueous moderate soil covering of mushroom grain, about 4 centimetres of thickness.Strawberry greenhouse covers 90% sunshade net, humiture and mushroom in regulation canopy
Overburden layer moisture, sprouts material feeding and grows with sharp mushroom；
Step 6, feeding block seedlings raising.At the beginning of late May to 6 months, sought with 10~12 centimetres of bore, 10 centimetres high of plastics
Alms bowl is supported, loads seedling medium, nutritive cube is embedded in by plant, the seedling with 2~3 leaves is not cut into stolon is pressed directly into battalion
Support in alms bowl, take root, nutrition pot seedling is moved into nursery centralized management after 20 days.Later stage turns alms bowl and is completely cured, and controls nutrient growth, promotes flower
Bud breaks up, and inspires new root；
Step 7, strawberry field planting and forcing culture management.After after soil covering of mushroom 10~15 days, treating that mycelia compost and covering
, can be implanted into for nutritive cube Strawberry Seedlings by well-grown in soil layer, and the stolon of seedling comes to towards in ridge, with ensure later stage strawberry bennet to
Ridge side grows, and appropriate depth presses close to ridge side, strawberry root system not with mushroom compost directly contact, plantation density line-spacing 25~30
Centimetre, 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows (can be adjusted according to the quality of Strawberry Seedlings), pour root water (limit plant at, control amount).Slow seedling 1 after field planting~
Sunshade net is removed within 2 days, plant to be planted restoration ecosystem arranges plant, extracts axillary bud, stolon, dead leaf, yellow leaf, stays 5~6 stalwartnesses
Leaf, feeding block seedlings raising bud differentiation morning, early October lid canopy is incubated 30 DEG C 7~10 days, prevents strawberry dormancy or wakes up dormancy plant
Strain, notes humidity and soil moisture in control canopy, and plant is progressively cooled to 25 DEG C after buddingging.Late October, spread drip irrigation modeling with holes
In on ridge, upward, ridge face spreads hyaline membrane to ridge shoulder to material flexible pipe in hole, and remainder then spreads black film, fixed at the shoulder of ridge to bottom of trench, and ridge face is transparent
On film is occupied；
Step 8, harvesting.Mushroom can utilize strawberry field planting after formed shelter from heat or light, under Strawberry Leaves temperature up to 20 DEG C or so,
Strengthen earthing water management, be stage by stage knot mushroom water (promoting former base to be formed), fruiting water (maintenance former base to fruit-body formation), turn
Stubble water (after preceding stubble mushroom harvesting, induces new former base to be formed), and few spray, diligent spray are accomplished during water spray, preferably the soil layer that just drenched with water,
Note taking into account demand of the strawberry to moisture, such as daystart leaf margin water breakthrough drop is advisable.To aid in awarding using honeybee in strawberry greenhouse
Powder, honeybee enters adjusting air humidity after canopy.Mushroom fruitbody is formed for 25~30 days after earthing, and fruiting is in pricks stomata on film,
Do not open in cap, harvest in time when mycoderm does not break.Strawberry fruit it is red to 80%~90% when harvest.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in essence of the invention
Any modification, equivalent and improvement made within god and principle etc., should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method that strawberry and agaricus bisporus alternate are cultivated, it is characterised in that the strawberry and agaricus bisporus alternate are cultivated
Method comprise the following steps：
Step one, material culture of agaricus bisporus and fermentation, carbon nitrogen mol ratio 30~33：1, nitrogen content 1.4%~1.6%, inventory,
30~37kg/m2；With 100m2Meter：Dry rice straw 2000kg, calcium superphosphate 30kg, dry cow dung 1300kg, land plaster 50kg, rapeseed oil
Withered 80kg, calcium carbonate 40kg, urea 30kg, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 30kg, pulverized limestone 50kg, wheat bran 50kg, rice bran 50kg；It is double by standard
Spore Mushroom production, through primary fermentation and after fermentation, is obtained material culture of agaricus bisporus；Purchase standard cultivation of agaricus bisporus strain；
Step 2, summer applies wheat bran in strawberry greenhouse：Rice bran is 1：1 mixed material, ploughs uniform, and south-north direction does ridge, often
Ridge Lian Gou accounts for 1.0 meters~1.2 meters, and ridge is high 30 centimetres~and 40 centimetres, 50 centimetres of row spacing, 25 centimetres~30 centimetres of furrow bottom width is covered
Hyaline membrane, button canopy, using fermenting organism heat and solar thermal energy sterilization and disinfestation；
August early and middle ten dayses, the pool is drawn into along ridge trend by ridge face, and the pool is along wide 5 centimetres, 40 centimetres of pool inner width, and the pool is deep 25 centimetres；Ridge bottom takes
Go out soil solar disinfection or pharmacy disinfection, regulate and control soil moisture content, in case being used as agaricus bisporus soil covering；
Step 3, after ridge is done in completion, material culture of agaricus bisporus is spread in the pool of high ridge, 20 centimetres of material thickness~25 centimetres, material temperature
Agaricus bisporus strain is sown into less than 30 DEG C, strain is mixed with compost, cover sterilized, aqueous moderate agaricus bisporus soil covering
Grain, 4 centimetres of thickness, strawberry greenhouse covers 90% sunshade net, humiture and agaricus bisporus soil covering layer moisture in regulation canopy；
Step 4, at the beginning of late May to 6 months, with 10 centimetres~12 centimetres of bore, 10 centimetres high of plastic nutrition bowl, loading is educated
Seedling matrix, nutritive cube is embedded in by plant, and the seedling with 2~3 leaves is not cut into stolon is pressed directly into nutritive cube, raw
Root, nursery centralized management is moved into after 20 days by nutrition pot seedling, and the later stage turns alms bowl and is completely cured, and controls nutrient growth, promotes bud differentiation, promotees
Hair new root；
Step 5, after after agaricus bisporus soil covering 10 days~15 days, treats mycelia well-grown in compost and overburden layer, by nutrition
Alms bowl Strawberry Seedlings are implanted into, and the stolon of seedling comes to towards in ridge, strawberry root system not with material culture of agaricus bisporus directly contact, plantation density
25 centimetres~30 centimetres of line-spacing, 15 centimetres of spacing in the rows, pour root water, and slow seedling removes sunshade net in 1 day~2 days after field planting, stays 5~6
Piece stalwartness leaf, because of feeding block seedlings raising bud differentiation morning, early October lid canopy, 30 DEG C of insulation 7 days~10 days, plant budding after progressively
It is cooled to 25 DEG C；
Late October, on ridge, upward, ridge face spreads hyaline membrane to ridge shoulder to paving drip irrigation perforated plastic flexible pipe, remaining to bottom of trench in hole
Black film is then spread, is fixed at the shoulder of ridge, on ridge face hyaline membrane residence；
Step 6, what agaricus bisporus was formed after being colonized using strawberry shelters from heat or light, and temperature is up to 20 DEG C, agaricus bisporus soil covering under Strawberry Leaves
Water management is stage by stage knot mushroom water, fruiting water, turn stubble water, and few spray, diligent spray are accomplished during water spray, water is drenched soil layer, in grass
Moisture is managed with drip irrigation after certain kind of berries covering film, strawberry Post flowering uses honeybee supple-mentary pollination, and honeybee enters adjusting air humidity after canopy；
Agaricus bisporus fructification is formed for 25 days~30 days after earthing, and fruiting is in pricks stomata on mulch film, is not opened in cap, mycoderm
Do not break when harvest in time, strawberry fruit it is red to 80%~90% when harvest.
2. the method that strawberry as claimed in claim 1 and agaricus bisporus alternate are cultivated, it is characterised in that through step one and four,
Material culture of agaricus bisporus is prepared, culture completes the strawberry nutrition pot seedling of bud differentiation, be that standard is done in strawberry-agaricus bisporus alternate cultivation
It is standby.
3. the method that strawberry as claimed in claim 1 and agaricus bisporus alternate are cultivated, it is characterised in that through step 2, strawberry
Plant ridge and the culture bed integration arrangement of agaricus bisporus, soil disinfection desinsection is completed by biofermentation heat and solar energy, is led to
Cross and do ridge and the pool completion strawberry plant ridge and the culture bed preparation of agaricus bisporus, ridge subsoil is sterilized to make covering for cultivation of agaricus bisporus
Soil material.
4. the method that strawberry as claimed in claim 1 and agaricus bisporus alternate are cultivated, it is characterised in that through step 3 and five,
Complete the cultivation of alternate one and plant forcing culture management of strawberry and agaricus bisporus, will material culture of agaricus bisporus spread into bacterium
Bed, is sown into agaricus bisporus strain, and agaricus bisporus mycelia is cultivated in earthing, shading, treats that mycelial growth is good after 10-15 days, is planted on ridge
Enter strawberry nutrition pot seedling.
5. the method that strawberry as claimed in claim 1 and agaricus bisporus alternate are cultivated, it is characterised in that through step 6, completes
Pollination management that agaricus bisporus fruiting-body inducement is developed and strawberry blooms, treats ripe harvesting.
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| CN103044099A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-04-17 | 万小民 | Method for making special novel fertilizer for strawberries |
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| CN103044099A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-04-17 | 万小民 | Method for making special novel fertilizer for strawberries |
| WO2015028601A1 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-05 | Symplanta Gmbh & Co Kg | System and methods for continuous propagation and mass production of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in liquid culture |
| CN104311224A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-01-28 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Organic ecotype strawberry cultivation matrix |
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