CN104888349B

CN104888349B - Device for brain activation

Info

Publication number: CN104888349B
Application number: CN201510351836.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐志强
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-12-21
Filing date: 2015-06-23
Publication date: 2021-08-20
Anticipated expiration: 2035-06-23
Also published as: CN108126274B; CN108187228B; CN108096705A; CN108175939A; CN108273191B; CN108273191A; CN104888346A; CN104888349A; CN108126275A; CN104888347B; CN108042916A; CN108379736B; CN108175939B; CN104888346B; CN108079435B; CN108126275B; CN108042916B; CN108187228A; CN108096705B; CN104888347A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for brain activation of a dead or dead brain in cranial neurology, which can apply pulse stimulation of a specific signal aiming at neurons at a specific position of the brain in a targeted manner, so as to stimulate the brain of a human body which just dies or dies of the brain to recover the neural activity and realize the brain activation.

Description

Device for brain activation

The invention relates to a method and a device for activating cranial nerves in the field of neurology.

Background artthe death or brain death referred to in the present invention is not a normal aging death of the human body but an unexpected death. The human brain is highly sensitive to blood oxygen, and complete cerebral anoxia can cause complete stop of brain function in two minutes under the conditions of cerebral blood supply interruption caused by cardiac arrest, drowning, asphyxia and trauma, so that spontaneous respiration and heartbeat are lost, and if the cerebral anoxia exceeds four to five minutes, even if cardiac pacing and artificial respiration are given, rescue is difficult to achieve. At this time, some parts cannot recover spontaneous respiration and heartbeat, and have no vital signs, namely death of the human body in the traditional sense, while some parts still have heartbeat but no spontaneous respiration, the brain has no any reflection activity, and the electroencephalogram is equipotential, namely death of the brain. According to the prior art, even if the artificial respirator is used for maintaining respiration, brain death is irreversible, and the human body dies because the heart stops after a certain time, so that the brain death is considered as the death of the human body and the end of life in medical science more and more.

For human death and brain death, no effective activating means is available in medicine at present, and even though the intention and the attempt of electrical pulse stimulation are provided for the brain, due to the complexity of the brain, particularly the lack of relevant theories for thinking, consciousness and information processing and control mechanisms of the brain, the theory support for details such as the position, application mode and signal characteristics of the pulse stimulation is lacked in the medicine at present, so that the effect is basically absent.

The present invention is to disclose a brain activation method and a brain activation apparatus for restoring neural activity by electrically stimulating the brain of a human body which has just died or has just died.

The invention also discloses a scheme for improving the output signal of the brain activation device so as to more effectively induce neurons to emit action potentials.

The method for brain activation of a dead or brain-dead human brain of the present invention is:

arranging a first output electrode at a position of an outer region of a brain stem mesh structure (more preferably, at a position of an arm side core of the outer region); and contacting or penetrating neurons at the site; (more suitably cholinergic neurons projecting into the hypothalamus in contact with or penetrating into the parabrachial nucleus);

Secondly, placing a second output electrode at the position of the hypothalamus (more suitably, at the position of the lateral area of the hypothalamus or/and the papillary nucleus of the hypothalamus nodule), and contacting or penetrating the neuron; (more suitably neurons that contact or penetrate the lateral hypothalamic region, or/and the papillary nuclei of the hypothalamus nodules project towards the dorsal nuclei of the medullary vagus nerve);

thirdly, the first grounding electrode (or called a reference electrode and a reference electrode) is contacted with the human body; (the proper contact position is the vertebral bottom artery and cerebrospinal fluid of the brain, and the proper position is the cerebral fluid around the brain tissue where the output electrode is positioned);

fourthly, sequentially issuing (issuing, namely outputting) electric pulse trains relative to the grounding electrode on the first output electrode and the second output electrode, and sequentially stimulating neurons of the outer side area of the brainstem net-shaped structure and the hypothalamus;

fifthly, sending the sent electric pulse strings at intervals, namely stopping for an interval period after sending a string of pulse strings, and then sending a string of pulse strings;

sixthly, electroencephalogram signals (EEG) of the stimulated brain are detected at the same time, and if spontaneous electroencephalogram signals are detected continuously or the human body is found to have autonomous life activities (not including activities of an artificial respirator and an artificial cardiac pacemaker), electric pulse trains are stopped to be sent to the first output electrode and the second output electrode. (otherwise continue to issue bursts of pulses intermittently).

The electrical pulses emitted by the first output electrode and the second output electrode relative to the ground electrode have a time relationship. This may be done by the first output electrode issuing a pulse against the ground electrode, the second output electrode then issuing a pulse against the ground electrode, and then the first output electrode then issuing a further pulse, and so on; alternatively, the first output electrode may emit a series of pulses relative to the ground electrode, the second output electrode may then emit a series of pulses relative to the ground electrode, and the first output electrode may then emit a series of pulses, and so on.

The electric pulses emitted by the first output electrode and the second output electrode are generated by an electronic circuit, and the pulse frequency is 0.5-3 Hz, namely the rhythm range of the nervous activity of the visceral nervous system. A pulse width of 0.5 to 50 milliseconds, more preferably 2 to 10 milliseconds, (about the pulse width of the action potential); the output time of each pulse train is 2-5 seconds, and the interval period between two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, (the pulse trains are output at intervals so as to be used for detecting brain wave signals or observing reaction); the voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts (depending on the specific location of the electrode contact and the state of the electrode entering the neuron). The waveform may be a square wave, a sawtooth wave, or a waveform that simulates the action potential of an interneuron.

Alternatively, the pulse train has a period of 2-5 seconds between two pulse trains, and the signal waveform of each pulse train is generated into a pulse waveform by reading the pulse waveform data stored in the memory, and then by digital-to-analog conversion and filtering. The pulse waveform data in the memory is obtained by placing the microelectrode on the neuron in the outer region of the brainstem reticular structure of a human or other primates with normal vital signs (especially on the cholinergic neuron projected to the hypothalamus by the brachial nucleus in the outer region), acquiring a pulse discharge signal, amplifying and performing analog-to-digital conversion to obtain a data signal, and storing the data signal in the memory as the pulse waveform data of an output signal. The voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts according to the specific position of electrode contact and the state of electrode entering into neuron. The technical scheme detects and records the pulse signal emitted by the action potential of the corresponding nerve nucleus of the normal person, and the pulse signal is replayed again to be used as the output signal of the output electrode, so that the method is more accurate and more suitable.

The electric pulses output by the first and second output electrodes with respect to the ground electrode are not positive and negative alternating pulses output between the first output electrode and the second output electrode, but are positive or negative pulses whose levels are the same as the level of the ground electrode. For the output electric pulse signal, when the output electrode applies pulse stimulation by adopting a mode of puncturing neurons, the electric pulse is a positive level signal relative to the grounding electrode; when the output electrode applies pulse stimulation by contacting the neuron, the electric pulse is a negative level signal relative to the ground electrode.

When the brain activation is implemented, and the nerve oscillation loop of the visceral nervous system, which is formed by the brain stem mesh outer side area ← → the hypothalamus, is stimulated, the nerve oscillation loop of the mental nervous system, which is formed by the brain stem mesh inner side area ← → the thalamus, can be stimulated at the same time, so that the two loops can be influenced with each other, normal nerve activity can be recovered more quickly, and the brain can be recovered to a waking state.

Therefore, the method for activating a dead or brain-dead brain according to the present invention further comprises:

a third output electrode is placed at a position on the medial side of the brain stem network (more suitably, the position of the midbrain network); and contacting or penetrating neurons at the site; (more suitably cholinergic neurons projecting into the thalamic reticular structure towards the thalamic plate nucleus, which is contacted or penetrated);

and, placing the fourth output electrode at the location of the thalamus, (more suitably at the location of the nucleus platensis or reticular nucleus of the thalamus), contacting or penetrating its neurons; (more suitably neurons that contact or penetrate the thalamic endoplasmic nucleus projecting towards the cortex, or neurons that contact or penetrate the thalamic reticular nucleus projecting towards the mesencephalic reticular structure);

The self-body is provided with electrical pulse strings which are sequentially sent (sent, namely output) relative to the grounding electrode on the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode, and the electrical pulse strings sequentially stimulate neurons of the inner side area of the brain stem reticular structure and the thalamus;

preferably, the bursts are delivered at intervals, i.e. after a burst is delivered, the burst is stopped for an interval and then a burst is delivered.

Similarly, the electrical pulses emitted by the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode relative to the ground electrode have a temporal relationship. This may be done by the third output electrode issuing a pulse against the ground electrode, the fourth output electrode then issuing a pulse against the ground electrode, and then the third output electrode then issuing a further pulse, and so on; alternatively, the third output electrode may issue a series of pulses relative to the ground electrode, the fourth output electrode may then issue a series of pulses relative to the ground electrode, and the third output electrode may then issue a series of pulses, and so on.

The electric pulses sent by the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode are generated by an electronic circuit, and the pulse frequency is 8-40 Hz, namely the brain electrical frequency range of the thinking system in a calm state (8-14 Hz) or a tense thinking state (15-40 Hz). A pulse width of 0.5 to 50 milliseconds, more preferably 2 to 10 milliseconds, (which is approximately equivalent to the pulse width of the action potential); the output time of each pulse train is 2-5 seconds, and the interval period between two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, (the pulse trains are output at intervals so as to be used for detecting brain wave signals or observing reaction); the voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts (depending on the specific location of the electrode contact and the state of the electrode entering the neuron). The waveform may be a square wave, a sawtooth wave, or a waveform that simulates the action potential of an interneuron.

Alternatively, the electrical pulses emitted from the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode are output for 2-5 seconds in each pulse train, and the interval between the two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, and the signal waveform of each pulse train is generated into a pulse waveform by reading the pulse waveform data stored in the memory, and then performing digital-to-analog conversion and filtering. The pulse waveform data in the memory is obtained by placing the microelectrode on the neuron in the inner region of the brain stem reticular structure of a human or other primates with normal vital signs (especially on the cholinergic neuron projected by the brain stem reticular structure to the inner core of the thalamus plate), acquiring a pulse discharge signal, amplifying and performing analog-to-digital conversion to obtain a data signal, and storing the data signal in the memory as the pulse waveform data of an output signal. The voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts according to the specific position of electrode contact and the state of electrode entering into neuron. The technical scheme detects and records the pulse signal emitted by the action potential of the corresponding nerve nucleus of the normal person, and the pulse signal is replayed again to be used as the output signal of the output electrode, so that the method is more accurate and more suitable.

If death or brain death is caused by complete cerebral ischemia and anoxia due to accidents such as external trauma, drowning, asphyxia, etc., and the time of ischemia and anoxia is not very long (especially within ten minutes), nerve cells do not lose physiological activity, the method of the invention can electrically stimulate the central nerve of the brain, (and synchronously carry out cardiac pacing and breathing machine to maintain breathing, or adopt a mechanical pump to temporarily supply blood and supply oxygen), so that the neuron can be induced to generate rhythmic action potential to be released, and finally the neuron can recover the activity, so that the central nerve generates spontaneous rhythmic action potential to be released back and forth, thereby realizing the reactivation of the brain. Of course, if cerebral ischemia and hypoxia exceed a certain time, nerve cells lose membrane potential, lose the function of ion pump, lose the ion concentration difference inside and outside the membrane, then the brain stimulation does not work.

It should be noted that, in view of treatment risk and legal considerations, the traditional rescue of the patient should be performed as much as possible, and after confirming that the traditional rescue is invalid and that the patient has cardiac arrest, spontaneous respiratory arrest and brain death, that is, the patient is in a state of death in legal and medical sense, belonging to a corpse, the brain activation method of the present invention is used for rescue.

The invention relates to a device for brain activation of a dead or brain-dead human brain, which comprises a host, a grounding electrode (or called a reference electrode) and an output electrode, and is characterized in that: the output electrode comprises a first output electrode and a second output electrode; the host comprises a first output module, a second output module, a first pulse generation module and a first output control module; the first pulse generation module is used for generating a pulse signal for stimulating the central nerve and sending the pulse signal to the first output module and the second output module; the output of the first output module is connected to the first output electrode through an electrode output end, the output of the second output module is connected to the second output electrode through an electrode output end, (the first output module and the second output module are used for carrying out isolation buffering and amplitude adjustment on the output pulse signals); the first output control module is used for controlling the work of the first output module and the second output module, so that pulse signals output by the first output electrode and the second output electrode relative to the grounding electrode have a sequential output relationship. The host machine also comprises a first pulse frequency adjusting module which is used for adjusting the frequency of the pulse signal output by the first pulse generating module.

In operation, the first output electrode is positioned in the lateral region of the brain stem network, (more suitably the parabrachial nucleus of the lateral region, including the positions of the medial and lateral parabrachial nuclei); and contacting or penetrating neurons at the site; (more suitably neurons that contact or penetrate the projection of the parabrachial nucleus into the hypothalamus); the second output electrode is placed at the position of the hypothalamus, (more suitably, at the lateral region of the hypothalamus, or/and the papillary nuclei of the hypothalamus), and contacts or penetrates its neurons; (more suitably neurons that contact or penetrate the lateral hypothalamic region, or/and the papillary nuclei of the hypothalamus nodules project towards the dorsal nuclei of the medullary vagus nerve); the grounding electrode (or reference electrode) is contacted with the human body; (preferably, the contact position is the vertebral basilar artery and cerebrospinal fluid of the brain, and more preferably, the position is the cerebral fluid around the brain tissue where the output electrode is located). The first pulse generating module of the host machine generates pulse signals, under the control of the first output control module, the first output module and the second output module are intermittently passed through, and electric pulse strings corresponding to the grounding electrode are sequentially distributed (distributed, namely output) on the first output electrode and the second output electrode, so as to sequentially stimulate neurons of the lateral area of the brainstem reticular structure and the hypothalamus. The brain waves of the stimulated brain are detected at intervals of the output, and the electrical pulse train is stopped from being delivered if a continuous spontaneous brain electrical signal (EEG brain waves) is detected.

The electrical pulse train is generated by an electronic circuit and has a pulse frequency of 0.5-3 Hz, which is the rhythm range of the nervous activity of the visceral nervous system. A pulse width of 0.5 to 50 milliseconds, more preferably 2 to 10 milliseconds, (about the pulse width of the action potential); the output time of each pulse train is 2-5 seconds, and the interval period between two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, (the pulse trains are output at intervals so as to be used for detecting brain wave signals or observing reaction); the voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts, which varies according to the specific position of electrode contact and the state of electrode entering into neuron. The waveform can be a square wave, a sawtooth wave or a waveform simulating the action potential of the middle neuron.

Alternatively, the output time of each pulse train of the electrical pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, the interval period between two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, and the signal waveform of each pulse train is generated into a pulse waveform by reading the pulse waveform data stored in the memory, and then performing digital-to-analog conversion and filtering. The pulse waveform data in the memory is obtained by placing the microelectrode on the neuron in the outer region of the brainstem reticular structure of a human or other primates with normal vital signs (especially on the cholinergic neuron projected to the hypothalamus by the brachial nucleus in the outer region), acquiring a pulse discharge signal, amplifying and performing analog-to-digital conversion to obtain a data signal, and storing the data signal in the memory as the pulse waveform data of an output signal. The voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts according to the specific position of electrode contact and the state of electrode entering into neuron. The technical scheme detects and records the pulse signal emitted by the action potential of the corresponding nerve nucleus of the normal person, and the pulse signal is replayed again to be used as the output signal of the output electrode, so that the method is more accurate and more suitable.

Similarly, when the brain is activated to stimulate the neural oscillation loop of the visceral nervous system, which is formed by the "brainstem mesh outer region ← → hypothalamus", the neural oscillation loop of the mental nervous system, which is formed by the "brainstem mesh inner region ← → thalamus", can be simultaneously stimulated, which is beneficial to enabling the two loops to influence each other, recovering normal neural activity more quickly, and recovering the brain to be in a waking state.

Therefore, the output electrode of the brain activation device of the invention also comprises a third output electrode and a fourth output electrode; the host comprises a third output module, a fourth output module, a second pulse generation module and a second output control module; the second pulse generating module is used for generating a pulse signal for stimulating the central nerve and sending the pulse signal to the third output module and the fourth output module; the output of the third output module is connected to the third output electrode through an electrode output end, and the output of the fourth output module is connected to the fourth output electrode through an electrode output end, (the third output module and the fourth output module can be used for performing isolation buffering and amplitude adjustment on the output pulse signals); the second output control module is used for controlling the third output module and the fourth output module to work, so that pulse signals output by the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode relative to the grounding electrode have a sequential output relationship. The host machine also comprises a second pulse frequency adjusting module which is used for adjusting the frequency of the pulse signal output by the second pulse generating module.

In operation, the third output electrode is positioned at the medial region of the brain stem network, (more suitably the midbrain network); and contacting or penetrating neurons at the site; (more suitably neurons that contact or penetrate the mesencephalic reticular structures projecting into the thalamic plateaus nucleus); the fourth output electrode is placed at the position of the thalamus, (more suitably at the position of the nucleus platensis or reticular nucleus of the thalamus), contacting or penetrating its neurons; (more suitably neurons that contact or penetrate the thalamic endoplasmic nucleus projecting to the cortex, or thalamic reticulum projecting to the mesencephalic reticulum); the grounding electrode (or reference electrode) is contacted with the human body; (preferably, the ground electrode is located in the cerebral spinal artery or cerebrospinal fluid of the brain, and more preferably, in the cerebral fluid around the brain tissue where the output electrode is located), the ground electrode may share the ground electrode previously engaged with the first and second output electrodes, that is, share a common ground electrode. The second pulse generating module of the host machine generates another pulse signal, and under the control of the second output control module, the other pulse signal passes through the third output module and the fourth output module at intervals, and electric pulse strings corresponding to the grounding electrode are sequentially distributed (distributed, namely output) on the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode, so as to sequentially stimulate neurons of the inner side area of the brain stem reticular structure and the thalamus. The brain waves of the stimulated brain are detected at intervals of the output, and the electrical pulse delivery from the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode is stopped if a continuous spontaneous rhythm greater than 8 Hz (EEG brain waves) is detected.

The electrical pulses emitted in sequence, i.e. the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode, have a temporal relationship. This may be done by the third output electrode issuing a pulse against the ground electrode, the fourth output electrode then issuing a pulse against the ground electrode, and then the third output electrode then issuing a further pulse, and so on; alternatively, the third output electrode may issue a series of pulses relative to the ground electrode, the fourth output electrode may then issue a series of pulses relative to the ground electrode, and the like.

The electric pulse string generated by the second pulse generating module is generated by an electronic circuit, and the pulse frequency is 8-40 Hz, namely the EEG frequency range of the thinking system in a calm state (8-14 Hz) or a tense thinking state (15-40 Hz). A pulse width of 0.5 to 50 milliseconds, more preferably 2 to 10 milliseconds, (which is approximately equivalent to the pulse width of the action potential); the output time of each pulse train is 2-5 seconds, and the interval period between two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, (the pulse trains are output at intervals so as to be used for detecting brain wave signals or observing reaction); the voltage amplitude of the pulse peak varies according to the specific position of electrode contact and the state of electrode entering into neuron, and is regulated between 20-1000 millivolts. The waveform may be a square wave, a sawtooth wave, or a waveform that simulates the action potential of an interneuron.

Alternatively, the second pulse generating module generates the pulse trains, each of which has an output time of 2-5 seconds and an interval period of 2-5 seconds, and the signal waveforms of each of the pulse trains are generated into the pulse waveforms by reading the pulse waveform data stored in the memory, and then performing digital-to-analog conversion and filtering. The pulse waveform data in the memory is pulse waveform data of an output signal, which is obtained by placing a microelectrode on a neuron in the inner region of a brain stem reticular structure of a human or other primates with normal vital signs, and the pulse discharge signal is amplified and converted into a data signal through an analog-digital conversion and then stored in the memory. The voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts according to the specific position of electrode contact and the state of electrode entering into neuron. The technical scheme detects and records the pulse signal emitted by the action potential of the corresponding nerve nucleus of the normal person, and the pulse signal is replayed again to be used as the output signal of the output electrode, so that the method is more accurate and more suitable.

In the above-described stimulation method and apparatus according to the present invention, the output characteristics of the electrical pulse train for performing neuron stimulation are important. The applicant discloses three schemes for optimizing the output signal of the output electrode according to the specific working principle of the neuron burst action potential, so that the output pulse signal can accurately induce the neuron burst action potential, and the action potential can continuously emit, which is more beneficial for the stimulated central neuron to form sustainable pulse emission.

A first output optimization scheme of the present invention comprises: the pulse generating module is provided with a positive pulse output end and a negative pulse output end and can respectively output two pulse output signals which are positive potential and negative potential relative to the grounding electrode; (this can be generated by positive and negative power supplies, a common electronic technology); the positive pulse output end and the negative pulse output end are switched through the change-over switch, and the output of the change-over switch is used as the output end of the pulse generation module and connected to each output module. The switch may be a mechanical switch or an electronic switch. If the craniotomy mode is adopted when the brain stimulation is carried out, and patch clamp or nerve microelectrode special for the brain nerve stimulation is adopted, the output electrode can be penetrated into the neuron membrane to be stimulated, the change-over switch can be switched to the positive pulse output end, so that the electrode output end is connected to the positive pulse output end, and the output electrode outputs a pulse signal with positive potential. The mode is a conventional mode for activating neurons in a laboratory at present, can reliably stimulate and induce the burst action potential of the neurons, but obviously needs craniotomy operation and is very troublesome when the microelectrode needs to be accurately penetrated into a target neuron membrane. Therefore, if the switch of the present invention is switched to the negative pulse output terminal to connect the electrode output terminal to the negative pulse output terminal, the pulse signal with negative potential output by the output electrode can be directly applied to the outside of the membrane of the neuron, and the membrane resting potential can be relatively reduced by lowering the potential outside the membrane, and the action potential can be induced. At this time, a common electrode can be adopted, a small hole is formed in the skull or a small hole is formed through the nasal cavity or the retrolaryngeal jaw, then the output electrode is inserted and placed on a target position to be stimulated under the matching assistance of the neuroendoscope, and the output electrode only needs to be contacted with or close to the outside of the membrane of the nerve cell without accurately puncturing the neuron, so that the operation is more convenient.

In the second output optimization scheme of the invention, an output control circuit is added between the electrode output end used for connecting each output electrode on the host and the output end of each output module (including the first output module, the second output module and the third output module) (more suitably, a resistor R is also connected in series between the output end of the output module and the output control circuit and is used for buffering and generating a certain voltage difference); the output end of the electrode is also connected to the input end of a voltage detection circuit, and the output end of the voltage detection circuit is connected to a voltage comparison circuit and is compared with an output pulse signal from the output module; the output end of the voltage comparison circuit is connected to the control end of the output control circuit, and the pulse output signal is controlled through the output control circuit. When the difference value between the voltage signal of the electrode output end detected by the voltage detection circuit and the voltage signal output by the output module is larger than the set value, the output control circuit is closed, the output signal from the output module to the electrode output end is closed in the rest time of the pulse period, and the output control circuit is not opened again until the next pulse period. The control circuit of each output module to its connected output electrodes is the same.

According to such an output control scheme, in operation, the output control circuit is first turned on every output pulse period of each output module, a pulse output signal is applied to the neuron through the electrode output terminal and the output electrode, and the voltage detection circuit detects a voltage signal at the electrode output terminal (corresponding to the output electrode) and compares it with the pulse output signal of the output module. When the stimulation of the pulse signal of the output electrode to the neuron reaches a certain degree, the neuron explodes action potential to generate an ion overshooting phenomenon, so that the potentials inside and outside the membrane are changed rapidly, and are transmitted to the electrode output end through the output electrode, so that the voltage on the electrode output end is fluctuated greatly, and the voltage is asynchronous with the obvious change of the pulse output signal output by the output module. This voltage fluctuation is detected by the voltage detection circuit and compared with the pulse output signal by the voltage comparison circuit to identify that the neuron has exploded the action potential, whereupon the output of the voltage comparison circuit turns off the output control circuit, turning off the output from the output module to the electrode output terminal for the remainder of the pulse period, and not turning back on until the next pulse period. Therefore, the neuron can not be stimulated by external pulses after each action potential outbreak, and can recover the membrane polarization state, so that the neuron is prepared to integrate the next stimulation and outbreak the action potential again, and the action potential can be continuously delivered. The technical scheme is more consistent with the working mechanism of central nerve cells, can induce the burst action potential of the neuron, does not over stimulate the neuron so as to inhibit and inactivate or damage the neuron, can continuously induce the action potential, forms continuous pulse emission, and gradually restores the ion movement and physiological functions of the neuron to normal.

In the third output optimization scheme of the present invention, the electrode output end of the host for connecting each output electrode is connected with a voltage detection circuit (which can be shared with the voltage detection circuits of other technologies), the voltage detection circuit is used for detecting the background voltage at the electrode output end, so the voltage detection circuit can also be called as a background voltage detection circuit, the output of the voltage detection circuit is connected with a voltage holding circuit, the background voltage value output by the voltage detection circuit is kept and memorized, (which is equivalent to a voltage memory circuit, if the circuit is an analog circuit, a capacitor can be used to cooperate with an operational amplifier circuit, if the circuit is a digital circuit, the voltage value can be directly memorized), the voltage value output by the voltage holding circuit is connected to a voltage superposition circuit, the pulse output signal output by each output module is superposed with the background voltage in the voltage superposition circuit, and then connected to the electrode output. The voltage holding circuit, the voltage superposition circuit and each output module are controlled by a state switching circuit (or a main machine general control circuit), and the specific working process is as follows: after the cranial nerve stimulation is carried out each time, the grounding electrode and the output electrode are placed in a target area, or the positions of the output electrode and the grounding electrode are readjusted in work, the state switching circuit switches the circuit work to a detection state, the output of the output module is closed, the voltage on the output end of the electrode is detected by the voltage detection circuit (the voltage is the potential difference between the current output electrode and the grounding electrode, namely the background voltage, which can be positive or negative), the output voltage value is kept (also memorized) by the voltage keeping circuit and is sent to the voltage superposition circuit; then, the state switching circuit switches the circuit work to an output state, the input end of the voltage holding circuit is closed (the output voltage of the voltage holding circuit is kept at the voltage value input before), the work of the output module is opened, and the pulse signal output by the output module is superposed with the background voltage in the voltage superposition circuit and then is connected to the electrode output end. Thus, the pulse signal output by the output electrode cancels the potential difference between the two electrodes, and the influence of the background voltage on the stimulation effect of the pulse signal can be eliminated.

According to the brain working mechanism and the control loop, the pulse stimulation of the specific signal is purposefully applied to the neurons at the specific position of the brain according to the essence of brain death, so that the nerve stimulation can be performed on the brain with brain death, the nerve activity of the brain with brain death is recovered, and the brain activation is realized. In addition, the applicant wishes to disclose the nature of thinking, consciousness and attention of the brain, the work and control mechanism of the brain on the neuron level and some research results of sleep, dream trip and psychosis in the manner disclosed in the patent application document, which is beneficial for the society to further research the way and develop more medical application technologies.

Description of the drawings figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the neural projection of the two upper and lower oscillatory loops between the brainstem network and the thalamus and hypothalamus. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the brain activation device of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a first functional block diagram for more rational control of the output pulse signal. Fig. 4 is a second functional block diagram for more rational control of the output pulse signal. Fig. 5 is a third functional block diagram for more rational control of the output pulse signal.

Fig. 6 is a general configuration diagram of biological information processing. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a system for processing in-vivo and in-vitro information. Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a system for processing information about internal and external senses of a human brain. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an interneuron connection structure of a thought channel. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the first neuron projection approach of thought → awareness. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a second mode of neuron projection for thought → awareness. Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a signal projection structure of a human brain visual pathway. Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a signal projection structure of the auditory pathway of the human brain. Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the oscillation loop of the thinking system. FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of neuron projection for an oscillatory loop of the thought system. Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a signal projection structure of an oscillation loop of the thinking system. Fig. 17 is a schematic signal projection of the "hippocampal" medial information processing loop. FIG. 18 is a schematic signal projection diagram of a motor nervous system control loop. Fig. 19 is a schematic signal projection diagram of the splanchnic nervous system. Fig. 20 is a signal projection diagram of the emotive system. Figure 21 is a signal projection diagram of the cholinergic nerves of the septal and basal forebrain.

Detailed description of the preferred embodimentsthe following is a description of the principles and implementations of the present invention.

First, it is necessary to understand the nature of the brain's failure in the death of the body or brain. According to the research, (see the accompanying research data later in this document), the neural activity of the brain is mainly characterized in that the neurons of several lowest most core neural circuits send action potential pulses back and forth to form neural oscillation activity and accordingly generate excitation signals to drive the neurons of other areas to generate various neural activities, including: an oscillation loop formed by 'brainstem reticular structure inner side region ← → thalamus' for exciting and driving the neural activity of the thinking nervous system; an oscillation loop consisting of "brainstem network outside region ← → hypothalamus" for exciting and driving the neural activity of the visceral nervous system; an oscillation loop consisting of 'covered mesh of brainstem mesh ← → hypothalamus' for exciting and driving neural activity of the motor nervous system; an oscillatory loop consisting of the "lateral or median region of the brainstem network ← → the suprathalamus" is used to excite and drive the neural activity of the endocrine nervous system. When these neuro-oscillatory loops stop oscillatory activity, neurons in other areas of the brain also stop neural activity due to the loss of the excitation pulse signal, thus causing brain death and the cessation of functioning of the centrally modulated and driven internal organs, including cardiac and respiratory activity.

The direct correlation with brain activation in human death or brain death is mainly an oscillation loop for controlling the visceral nervous system, which is composed of the "brainstem mesh outer region ← → hypothalamus", and an oscillation loop for controlling the thinking nervous system, which is composed of the "brainstem mesh inner region ← → thalamus". See figure 1 for a schematic neural projection of the two upper and lower oscillatory loops between the brainstem network and the thalamus and hypothalamus. The neural oscillation loop formed by the outer region of the brainstem network ← → the hypothalamus forms an excitation signal of a visceral nervous system, modulates and controls the activity of visceral organs, and particularly, cholinergic nerves of the outer region of the brainstem network (mainly comprising the inner nucleus and the outer nucleus of the brachial nucleus) deliver excitation pulses to the hypothalamus (particularly comprising the outer region, the posterior region, the paraventricular nucleus and the like) and form oscillation activities which are delivered back and forth, the neural oscillation loop is called as a "lower loop oscillation loop" or simply called as a "lower loop" by the applicant, and then the hypothalamus forms excitation and control on other neural activities of the visceral nervous system. When the neurons of the lower ring oscillation loop stop oscillating, the lower-level reflection loop of the visceral nervous system at the spinal cord level can stop moving due to the fact that the neurons cannot be excited, so that the visceral organs stop moving, respiration and heartbeat stop, and a human body dies. The oscillation loop formed by the inner region of brainstem network ← → thalamus forms the excitation signal of the thinking nervous system, modulates and controls the nerve activity of the thinking nervous system, and forms the control mechanism of thinking, consciousness and attention. Specifically, the cholinergic nerve of the inner region of the brain stem reticular structure (mainly the midbrain reticular structure) and the thalamus (the thalamus board kernel and the reticular kernel) mutually send excitation pulses to form oscillation activities which are sent back and forth, the applicant refers to the cholinergic nerve as an upper ring oscillation loop or an upper loop for short, and then the thalamus (the thalamus board kernel) forms excitation and control on other neuron activities of the thinking nervous system. When the neurons in the "upper ring oscillation loop" stop oscillating or the oscillation rhythm is too low (below 3 hz), the neurons in the cortical thinking nervous system will not receive enough excitation signals to stop, lose thinking and consciousness, and enter deep coma.

Therefore, to activate the brain of the brain which is just dying or dying, the oscillation loop formed by the "brain stem mesh outer region ← → hypothalamus" is the most directly related. The invention adopts the electric pulse signal which is close to the nerve activity to carry out the sequential back-and-forth combined stimulation on the relevant neurons of the two parts of the oscillation loop, activate the nerve oscillation loop, restore the action potential to be emitted back and forth, restore the most basic brain activity of the life, restore the excitation signal of the visceral nervous system, restore the excitation on the visceral organ activity, and further restore the visceral activities such as heartbeat, spontaneous respiration and the like. Of course, prior to brain activation, the etiology must be eliminated, such as repairing the wound, restoring or implementing temporary cerebral blood supply, oxygen, and the like.

The brain activation method for brain pulse stimulation of a brain dead brain of the present invention is:

arranging a first output electrode at a position of an outer region of a brain stem mesh structure (more preferably, at a position of an arm side core of the outer region); and contacting or penetrating neurons at the site; (more suitably neurons that contact or penetrate the projection of the parabrachial nucleus into the hypothalamus);

The electrical pulse train is generated by an electronic circuit and has a pulse frequency of 0.5-3 Hz, which is the rhythm range of the nervous activity of the visceral nervous system. A pulse width of 0.5 to 50 milliseconds, more preferably 2 to 10 milliseconds, (about the pulse width of the action potential); the output time of each pulse train is 2-5 seconds, and the interval period between two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, (interval output is used for detecting brain wave signals or observing reaction); the voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts according to the specific position of electrode contact and the state of electrode entering into neuron. The waveform may be a square wave, a sawtooth wave, or a waveform that simulates the action potential of an interneuron.

Alternatively, the output time of each pulse train of the electrical pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, the interval period between two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, and the signal waveform of each pulse train is generated into a pulse waveform by reading the pulse waveform data stored in the memory, and then performing digital-to-analog conversion and filtering. The pulse waveform data in the memory is pulse waveform data of an output signal, which is obtained by placing a microelectrode on a neuron in the outer region of a brain stem reticular structure of a human or other primates with normal vital signs, and the pulse discharge signal is amplified and converted into a data signal through an analog-digital converter and then stored in the memory. The voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts according to the specific position of electrode contact and the state of electrode entering into neuron. The scheme detects and records the pulse signal emitted by the action potential of the corresponding nerve nucleus of a normal person, and the pulse signal is played back again as the output signal of the output electrode, so that the method is more accurate and more suitable.

The electric pulses output by the first and second output electrodes with respect to the ground electrode are not positive and negative alternating pulses output by the first output electrode and the second output electrode with respect to each other, but are positive pulses or negative pulses whose output pulses are all the same and whose reference level is the level of the ground electrode. For the output electric pulse signal, when the output electrode applies pulse stimulation to the neuron in a puncturing mode, the electric pulse is a positive level signal relative to the grounding electrode; when the output electrode applies pulse stimulation to the neuron by adopting a contact mode, the electric pulse is a negative level signal relative to the grounding electrode.

However, if only the pulse oscillation of the "lower ring oscillation loop" is recovered, the human body only recovers the operation of the visceral nervous system, and at this time, if the "upper ring oscillation loop" formed by the "brainstem mesh inside region ← → thalamus" which stimulates and controls the thinking nervous system does not operate normally, the brain is still in a deep coma state, i.e., a vegetarian human, which is obviously not desirable, so that it is also necessary to recover the conscious state of the brain at the same time. Furthermore, according to the analysis, the neuron activities of the upper and lower oscillation loops are mutually modulated between the inner region of the brainstem mesh structure and the outer region of the brainstem mesh structure, so that in the process of stimulating the lower loop oscillation loop formed by the outer region of the brainstem mesh structure ← → the hypothalamus by electric pulses, the neuron formed by the inner region of the brainstem mesh structure ← → the thalamus, which forms the upper loop oscillation loop, is stimulated at the same time, which is beneficial to mutually modulating the two loops, recovering the normal work more quickly and recovering the brain to be in a clear state.

a third output electrode is placed at a position on the medial side of the brain stem network (more suitably, the position of the midbrain network); and contacting or penetrating neurons at the site; (more suitably neurons that contact or penetrate the mesencephalic network projecting towards the thalamus);

the issued pulse trains are issued at intervals, namely, after the pulse trains are issued, the pulse trains are stopped for an interval period, and then the pulse trains are issued again;

The electric pulse string is generated by an electronic circuit, and the pulse frequency of the electric pulse string is 8-40 Hz, namely the brain electrical frequency range of the thinking system in a calm state (8-14 Hz) or a tense thinking state (15-40 Hz). A pulse width of 0.5 to 50 milliseconds, more preferably 2 to 10 milliseconds, (which is approximately equivalent to the pulse width of the action potential); the output time of each pulse train is 2-5 seconds, and the interval period between two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, (the pulse trains are output at intervals so as to be used for detecting brain wave signals or observing reaction); the voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts, and is different according to the specific position of electrode contact and the state of the electrode entering a neuron. The waveform may be a square wave, a sawtooth wave, or a waveform that simulates the action potential of an interneuron.

The electric pulses output by the third and fourth output electrodes with respect to the ground electrode are not positive and negative alternating pulses output by the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode with respect to each other, but are positive pulses or negative pulses whose output pulses are all the same and whose reference level is the level of the ground electrode. For the output electric pulse signal, when the output electrode applies pulse stimulation to the neuron in a puncturing mode, the electric pulse is a positive level signal relative to the grounding electrode; when the output electrode applies pulse stimulation to the neuron by adopting a contact mode, the electric pulse is a negative level signal relative to the grounding electrode.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the brain activation device of the present invention. The invention relates to a device for brain activation of a dead or brain-dead human brain, which comprises a host, a grounding electrode (or called a reference electrode) and an output electrode, and is characterized in that: the output electrode comprises a first output electrode and a second output electrode; the host comprises a first output module, a second output module, a first pulse generation module and a first output control module; the first pulse generation module is used for generating a pulse signal for stimulating the central nerve and sending the pulse signal to the first output module and the second output module; the output of the first output module is connected to the first output electrode through an electrode output end, and the output of the second output module is connected to the second output electrode through an electrode output end, (the first output module and the second output module can be used for carrying out isolation buffering and amplitude adjustment on output pulse signals); the first output control module is used for controlling the work of the first output module and the second output module, so that pulse signals output by the first output electrode and the second output electrode relative to the grounding electrode have a sequential output relationship. The host machine also comprises a first pulse frequency adjusting module which is used for adjusting the frequency of the pulse signal output by the first pulse generating module.

In operation, the first output electrode is positioned in the lateral region of the brain stem network, (more suitably in the parabrachial nucleus of the lateral region); and contacting or penetrating neurons at the site; (more suitably neurons that contact or penetrate the projection of the parabrachial nucleus into the hypothalamus); the second output electrode is placed at the position of the hypothalamus, (more suitably, at the lateral region of the hypothalamus, or/and the papillary nuclei of the hypothalamus), and contacts or penetrates its neurons; (more suitably neurons that contact or penetrate the lateral hypothalamic region, or/and the papillary nuclei of the hypothalamus nodules project towards the dorsal nuclei of the medullary vagus nerve); the grounding electrode (or reference electrode) is contacted with the human body; (preferably, the contact position is the vertebral basilar artery and cerebrospinal fluid of the brain, and more preferably, the position is the cerebral fluid around the brain tissue where the output electrode is located). The first pulse generating module of the host machine generates pulse signals, under the control of the first output control module, the first output module and the second output module are intermittently passed through, and electric pulse strings corresponding to the grounding electrode are sequentially distributed (distributed, namely output) on the first output electrode and the second output electrode, so as to sequentially stimulate neurons of the lateral area of the brainstem reticular structure and the hypothalamus. The brain waves of the stimulated brain are detected at intervals of the output, and the electrical pulse train is stopped from being delivered if a continuous spontaneous brain electrical signal (EEG brain waves) is detected.

The electrical pulse train is generated by an electronic circuit and has a pulse frequency of 0.5-3 Hz, which is the rhythm range of the nervous activity of the visceral nervous system. A pulse width of 0.5 to 50 milliseconds, more preferably 2 to 10 milliseconds, (about the pulse width of the action potential); the output time of each pulse train is 2-5 seconds, and the interval period between two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, (interval output is used for detecting brain wave signals or observing reaction); the voltage amplitude of the pulse peak, which varies depending on the specific location of the electrode contact and the state of the electrode entering the neuron, can be adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts. The waveform may be a square wave, a sawtooth wave, or a waveform that simulates the action potential of an interneuron.

Alternatively, the output time of each pulse train of the electrical pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, the interval period between two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, and the signal waveform of each pulse train is generated into a pulse waveform by reading the pulse waveform data stored in the memory, and then performing digital-to-analog conversion and filtering. The pulse waveform data in the memory is pulse waveform data of an output signal, which is obtained by placing a microelectrode on a neuron in the outer region of a brain stem reticular structure of a human or other primates with normal vital signs, and the pulse discharge signal is amplified and converted into a data signal through an analog-digital converter and then stored in the memory. The voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20 millivolts and 1000 millivolts according to the specific position of electrode contact and the state of the electrode entering a neuron. The scheme detects and records the pulse signal emitted by the action potential of the corresponding nerve nucleus of a normal person, and the pulse signal is played back again as the output signal of the output electrode, so that the method is more accurate and more suitable.

Similarly, when the brain is activated to stimulate the neural oscillation loop (lower loop) of the visceral nervous system, which is formed by the "brainstem mesh outer region ← → the hypothalamus", the neural oscillation loop (upper loop) of the mental nervous system, which is formed by the "brainstem mesh inner region ← → the thalamus", can be simultaneously stimulated, which is advantageous for modulating the two loops with each other, recovering normal neural activity more quickly, and recovering the brain to an awake state. Therefore, the output electrode of the brain activation device of the invention also comprises a third output electrode and a fourth output electrode; and a second ground electrode; (the second grounding electrode can share the first grounding electrode which is matched with the first output electrode and the second output electrode before, namely only one grounding electrode is needed), the host machine comprises a third output module, a fourth output module, a second pulse generation module and a second output control module; the second pulse generating module is used for generating a pulse signal for stimulating the central nerve and sending the pulse signal to the third output module and the fourth output module; the output of the third output module is connected to the third output electrode through an electrode output end, and the output of the fourth output module is connected to the fourth output electrode through an electrode output end, (the third output module and the fourth output module can be used for performing isolation buffering and amplitude adjustment on the output pulse signals); the second output control module is used for controlling the third output module and the fourth output module to work, so that pulse signals output by the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode relative to the grounding electrode have a sequential output relationship. The host machine also comprises a second pulse frequency adjusting module which is used for adjusting the frequency of the pulse signal output by the second pulse generating module.

In operation, the third output electrode is positioned at the medial region of the brain stem network, (more suitably the midbrain network); and contacting or penetrating neurons at the site; (more suitably neurons that contact or penetrate the mesencephalic reticular structures projecting into the thalamic plateaus nucleus); the fourth output electrode is placed at the position of the thalamus, (more suitably at the position of the nucleus platensis or reticular nucleus of the thalamus), contacting or penetrating its neurons; (more suitably neurons that contact or penetrate the thalamic endoplasmic nucleus projecting to the cortex, or thalamic reticulum projecting to the mesencephalic reticulum); the grounding electrode (or reference electrode) is contacted with the human body; (preferably the contact site is the vertebral basilar artery and cerebrospinal fluid of the brain, more preferably the cerebral fluid around the brain tissue where the output electrode is located, and the second ground electrode may be shared with the first ground electrode). The second pulse generating module of the host machine generates pulse signals, under the control of the second output control module, the pulse signals intermittently pass through the third output module and the fourth output module, and electric pulse strings corresponding to the grounding electrode are sequentially distributed (distributed, namely output) on the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode to sequentially stimulate neurons of the inner side area of the brainstem reticular structure and the thalamus. The brain waves of the stimulated brain are detected at intervals of the output, and the electrical pulse delivery from the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode is stopped if a continuous spontaneous rhythm greater than 8 Hz (EEG brain waves) is detected.

The electrical pulses emitted by the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode relative to the ground electrode have a time front-back relationship. This may be done by the third output electrode issuing a pulse against the ground electrode, the fourth output electrode then issuing a pulse against the ground electrode, and then the third output electrode then issuing a further pulse, and so on; alternatively, the third output electrode may issue a series of pulses relative to the ground electrode, the fourth output electrode may then issue a series of pulses relative to the ground electrode, and the like.

The electric pulse string is generated by an electronic circuit, and the pulse frequency of the electric pulse string is 8-40 Hz, namely the brain electrical frequency range of the thinking system in a calm state (8-14 Hz) or a tense thinking state (15-40 Hz). A pulse width of 0.5 to 50 milliseconds, more preferably 2 to 10 milliseconds, (which is approximately equivalent to the pulse width of the action potential); the output time of each pulse train is 2-5 seconds, and the interval period between two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, (the pulse trains are output at intervals so as to be used for detecting brain wave signals or observing reaction); the voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts (depending on the specific location of the electrode contact and the state of the electrode entering the neuron). The waveform may be a square wave, a sawtooth wave, or a waveform that simulates the action potential of an interneuron.

Alternatively, the output time of each pulse train of the electrical pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, the interval period between two pulse trains is 2-5 seconds, and the signal waveform of each pulse train is generated into a pulse waveform by reading the pulse waveform data stored in the memory, and then performing digital-to-analog conversion and filtering. The pulse waveform data in the memory is pulse waveform data of an output signal, which is obtained by placing a microelectrode on a neuron in the inner region of a brain stem reticular structure of a human or other primates with normal vital signs, and the pulse discharge signal is amplified and converted into a data signal through an analog-digital conversion and then stored in the memory. The voltage amplitude of the pulse peak is adjusted between 20 millivolts and 1000 millivolts according to the specific position of electrode contact and the state of the electrode entering a neuron. The technical scheme detects and records the pulse signal emitted by the action potential of the corresponding nerve nucleus of the normal person, and the pulse signal is replayed again to be used as the output signal of the output electrode, so that the method is more accurate and more suitable.

The method for placing each output electrode at each target position of the brain described in the present document may adopt the existing technology of brain electrical stimulation, such as: the skull opening is to puncture the target neuron with the electrode directly or to embed the electrode in the target position in the brain, and the proper scheme is to open a small hole in the skull or through the nasal cavity or the retrolaryngeal jaw, and then to insert the output electrode into the brain and place the electrode in the target position with the assistance of the neuroendoscope. The electrode can adopt the existing electrode for the electrical stimulation and the electrical signal detection of the cranial nerve, a microelectrode special for the cranial nerve or a patch clamp is adopted when the neuron is punctured, and a common electrode is adopted when the electrode only contacts the outside of the neuron membrane. The electric pulses output by the output electrodes relative to the ground electrode do not output positive and negative alternating pulses between the output electrodes, but the output pulses are all positive pulses or negative pulses with the level of the ground electrode as a reference level. When the output electrode applies pulse stimulation to the neuron in a puncturing mode, the electric pulse is a positive level signal relative to the grounding electrode; when the output electrode applies pulse stimulation to the neuron by adopting a contact mode, the electric pulse is a negative level signal relative to the grounding electrode.

The electrodes described in this document include a first output electrode, a second output electrode, a third output electrode, a fourth output electrode, a grounding electrode, and the like, which may be a single electrode or a group of (multiple) electrodes, depending on the working requirement. Generally speaking, for the central nerve, it is more appropriate to adopt a plurality of electrodes as the same output electrode, and pulse stimulation is simultaneously carried out on a plurality of adjacent neurons at the same position, which is beneficial to forming signal integration and generating nerve activity.

In the nerve stimulation device of the present invention, the output characteristics of the electrical pulse train are also important. In the existing technology for brain stimulation, the output signal is usually the same as other human body electrical pulse stimulation or treatment technologies (such as various medium-high and low frequency electrotherapy technologies, electrical acupuncture technologies, and cardiac pacing technologies), and the pulse waveform is set and output, that is, a pulse generating module adjusts a positive pulse or a positive-negative alternating pulse with certain frequency, waveform, duty ratio and voltage amplitude, and then the positive pulse or the positive-negative alternating pulse directly acts on a target stimulation part. These electrical pulse stimulation techniques, if used to stimulate myocytes or myonerves or cardiomyocytes, are effective in stimulating these cells to produce a response, provided they have sufficient pulse width and voltage amplitude. However, if the stimulation is used for stimulating the central neuron of the central nerve and inducing the continuous action potential to be issued, the stimulation is not only required to be performed on the neuron with enough pulse width and voltage amplitude, and improper pulse stimulation cannot induce the neuron to issue the action potential or even inhibit the physiological activity of the neuron, and the opposite result is obtained.

According to neurobiology, a stable potential difference, i.e., resting potential, is formed inside and outside the membrane of a nerve cell due to the action of ion movement, and the resting potential of an interneuron of a human brain is about-70 to-90 mV, i.e., the potential in the membrane of the neuron is 70-90 mV lower than the potential outside the membrane, so that membrane polarization is formed. When the depolarization reaches or exceeds a certain threshold value, a large number of voltage-gated ion channels on the membrane can be opened, so that a large number of positive ions flow inwards and form positive feedback, and the action potential is exploded. The release time of the action potential is only a few milliseconds generally, and then after the release of the action potential is finished, the positive ion outflow needs to have time to restore to the original polarization state again, so that the action potential can be released again at the next stimulation.

According to the burst mechanism of action potential, if the evoked neuron is to be stimulated by an external electrical pulse to burst action potential, there are two ways: 1. The electrode is inserted into the cell membrane of the neuron (and can not be connected with the outside of the cell membrane), electric stimulation with positive potential is applied in the membrane, and when the rising value of the potential in the membrane generated by the stimulation is larger than a trigger threshold value, the membrane can be depolarized and an action potential is burst. 2. The electrode is placed outside the neuron membrane, but electric stimulation with negative potential is required to be applied outside the membrane, the electric stimulation with negative potential reduces the potential outside the membrane, so that the potential difference between the inside and the outside of the membrane is relatively reduced, and when the change value of the potential difference is larger than a threshold value, the membrane can be depolarized and an action potential is generated. Therefore, in the prior art, an electrode is usually placed at a certain brain part, and then strong positive pulse or positive-negative alternating pulse is applied to the electrode, so that the result is that the neuron is not actually induced to generate normal and ordered action potential emission, but the neuron is stimulated to generate sporadic action potential due to strong potential fluctuation, but then the ion normal motion of the neuron is usually inhibited, so that the neuron cannot generate continuous action potential emission, and the neuron cannot recover spontaneous normal nerve activity. Typically, in previous brain stimulation experiments, when electrical pulse stimulation is applied to neurons of pain transmission pathways on the thalamus, pain is often inhibited instead of producing a sensation of pain, which is also often applied as brain stimulation analgesia (SPA), although its specific mechanism of analgesia is unknown.

Therefore, the applicant carefully optimizes the output signal of the output electrode according to the specific working principle of the neuron burst action potential, so that the neuron burst action potential can be more accurately induced, and the action potential can be continuously emitted, which is more beneficial for the stimulated central neuron to form sustainable signal transmission.

The first output pulse signal optimization scheme of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, includes: the pulse generating module is provided with a positive pulse output end SV + and a negative pulse output end SV-, and can respectively output two pulse signals which are positive potential and negative potential relative to the grounding electrode; (this can be generated by positive and negative power supplies, a common electronic technology); the two output ends of the positive pulse and the negative pulse are switched by a switch SK, and the output of the switch is used as the output end of the pulse generation module and is connected to each output module (fig. 3 only shows the first output module and the second output module, and other output modules are the same in the same way). The switch SK may be a mechanical switch or an electronic switch. If a craniotomy mode is adopted when brain stimulation is carried out, and patch forceps or nerve microelectrodes special for brain nerve stimulation are adopted, (the microelectrodes are commonly used in a neuroanatomy laboratory and used for detecting electrical signals of neurons and are made of metal wires or micro glass tubes, the tips of the microelectrodes are only 1 micron or less, only the electrode tips can conduct electricity and can directly penetrate into the cell bodies or axons of the neurons), an output electrode can penetrate into the neuron membrane to be stimulated, a change-over switch can be switched to a positive pulse output end, the electrode output end is connected to the positive pulse output end, and then the output electrode outputs a pulse signal with a positive potential. The mode is a conventional mode for activating neurons in a laboratory at present, can reliably stimulate and induce the burst action potential of the neurons, but obviously needs craniotomy operation and is very troublesome when the microelectrode needs to be accurately penetrated into a target neuron membrane. Therefore, if the switch of the present invention is switched to the negative pulse output terminal to connect the electrode output terminal to the negative pulse output terminal, the pulse signal with negative potential output by the output electrode can be directly applied to the outside of the membrane of the neuron, and the membrane resting potential can be relatively reduced by lowering the potential outside the membrane, and the action potential can be induced. At this time, a common electrode can be adopted, a small hole is formed in the skull or a small hole is formed through the nasal cavity or the retrolaryngeal jaw, then the output electrode is inserted and placed on a target position to be stimulated under the matching assistance of the neuroendoscope, and only the output electrode needs to be contacted with or close to the outside of the membrane of the nerve cell without accurately puncturing the neuron, so that the operation is more convenient, and the wound is smaller.

In addition, if the electrical pulse stimulation applied to the neuron is too strong, especially if the neuron is still strongly stimulated after the action potential has been induced, the normal ion movement inside and outside the neuron membrane is seriously affected, and the neuron cannot recover normal membrane polarization after the action potential is burst, so that the next action potential cannot be triggered. Such electrical impulse stimulation can in turn inhibit or even inactivate neuronal activity and prevent continued integration and activation. (it has been common to apply strong electrical impulse stimulation to the brain region of the pain transmission pathway for pain relief, in fact, because the neurons of the pain transmission pathway are inhibited or even damaged by the strong stimulation and fail to transmit the sensation of pain). Therefore, the signals output by the existing electrical pulse stimulation technology can be used for brain stimulation, but neurons can not generate simple and disordered discharge due to strong stimulation, can not generate normal action potential release which can be continuously and repeatedly generated, even play a role in inhibition, and can be used for relieving pain or treating various diseases of abnormal neuron discharge, such as epilepsy.

The applicant improves this, and a second output signal optimization scheme of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, includes an electrode output terminal on the host for connecting each output electrode (including the first, second, and third output electrodes), (i.e., an output terminal on the host for connecting each output electrode outside the host, generally using an electrical connector), and an output control circuit (corresponding to an electronic switching circuit, or more suitably, a resistor R is further connected in series between the output terminal of the output module and the output control circuit for buffering and generating a certain voltage difference) between the output terminal of each output module (including the first, second, and third output modules); the output end of the electrode is also connected to the input end of a voltage detection circuit, and the output end of the voltage detection circuit is connected to a voltage comparison circuit and is compared with an output pulse signal from the output module; the output end of the voltage comparison circuit is connected to the control end of the output control circuit, and the pulse output signal is controlled through the output control circuit. When the difference value between the voltage signal of the electrode output end detected by the voltage detection circuit and the voltage signal output by the output module is larger than the set value, the output control circuit is closed, the output signal from the output module to the electrode output end is closed in the rest time of the pulse period, and the output control circuit is not opened again until the next pulse period. Since the control circuits from the first output module to the first output electrode, from the second output module to the second output electrode, and from the third output module to the third output electrode are the same, only one path is shown in fig. 4.

According to such an output control scheme, in operation, at each output pulse period (i.e., the period of a single pulse output) of each output module, the output control circuit is first turned on, and an output pulse signal is applied to a neuron through the electrode output terminal and the output electrode, while the voltage detection circuit detects a voltage signal at the electrode output terminal (corresponding to the output electrode) and compares it with the output pulse signal of the output module (allowing a certain difference therebetween). When the stimulation of the pulse signal of the output electrode to the neuron reaches a certain degree, the neuron depolarizes, opens an ion channel on the membrane, and a large amount of ions flow in and form positive feedback, so that the neuron bursts action potential. At this time, because a large amount of ions flow in rapidly to form an over-jet phenomenon, the potential in the neuron membrane is changed from a negative potential to a positive potential, the potential outside the neuron membrane is changed from the positive potential to the negative potential, the rapid potential change can be transmitted to the electrode output end through the output electrode, so that the voltage on the electrode output end is greatly fluctuated, and the voltage is asynchronous with the obvious change of a pulse output signal output by the output module. This voltage fluctuation is detected by the voltage detection circuit and compared with the pulse output signal by the voltage comparison circuit, and when the difference between the two is greater than a set value (for example, 10%), it is recognized that the neuron has burst action potential, and then the output of the voltage comparison circuit turns off the output control circuit, and turns off the output signal from the output module to the electrode output terminal for the rest of the pulse period, and does not turn on again until the next pulse period. Therefore, the neuron can not be stimulated by external electric pulses after each action potential outbreak, normal ion motion inside and outside the membrane is not influenced, and the membrane polarization state can be recovered, so that the next stimulation is integrated and the action potential is outbreaked again, and sustainable action potential release for multiple times is formed. The technical scheme is more consistent with the working mechanism of central nerve cells, can induce the burst action potential of the neuron, does not over stimulate the neuron so as to inhibit and inactivate or damage the neuron, is used for stimulating the neuron at the parts such as thalamus, reticular structure, hypothalamus and the like, can continuously induce the action potential to form continuous pulse emission, gradually restores the ion movement and physiological functions of the neuron to normal, and finally generates spontaneous synchronous pulse emission.

Also, as previously mentioned, unlike other pulse electrotherapy techniques, the amplitude of the electrical pulse signal is sensitive enough to depolarize, but not so great as to inhibit physiological activity when electrical stimulation is applied to the central nerve to induce sustained delivery of action potentials. The applicant has also noticed that there is a problem here: when the output electrode and the grounding electrode are arranged at different brain parts, because the liquid around the cerebral neurons has positive and negative ions with different properties and different concentrations, a certain potential difference (which can be called as background voltage) exists between the output electrode and the grounding electrode when the cerebral neurons are not operated, and the potential difference is different along with the different relative positions of the two electrodes and the different brain parts where the two electrodes are arranged. When an electric pulse signal is sent between the output electrode and the grounding electrode, if the electric pulse signal is output at a set pulse amplitude, the potential difference which exists originally can form a superposition influence on the amplitude of the pulse signal, and the accuracy of the stimulation intensity of the pulse signal is disturbed.

Therefore, the third optimization scheme of the invention for the output pulse signal is shown in fig. 5. The electrode output end is connected with a voltage detection circuit (which can be shared with the voltage detection circuit of other prior arts), the voltage detection circuit is used for detecting the background voltage of the electrode output end, so the voltage detection circuit can also be called as a background voltage detection circuit, the output of the voltage detection circuit is connected with a voltage holding circuit, the background voltage value output by the voltage detection circuit is kept and memorized, (equivalent to the voltage memory circuit, if the circuit adopts an analog circuit, the voltage holding circuit can be formed by matching a capacitor with an operational amplifier circuit, if the circuit is a digital circuit, the voltage value can be directly memorized), the voltage value output by the voltage holding circuit is connected to a voltage superposition circuit, the pulse output signal output by the pulse generation module is superposed with the background voltage in the voltage superposition circuit, (if the circuit adopts an analog circuit, the operational amplifier circuit can be adopted, or the technology of virtual ground is adopted, and (4) superposing the two, if a digital circuit is adopted, performing addition and subtraction operation on the two numerical values), and connecting the two numerical values to the electrode output end. The voltage holding circuit, the voltage superposition circuit and the pulse output module (including the first output module and the second output module) are controlled by a state switching circuit (or controlled by a main control circuit of a host), and the specific working process is as follows: after the cranial nerve stimulation is carried out each time, the grounding electrode and the output electrode are placed in a target area, or the positions of the output electrode and the grounding electrode are readjusted in work, the state switching circuit switches the circuit work to a detection state, the output of the output module is closed, the voltage on the output end of the electrode is detected by the voltage detection circuit (the voltage is the potential difference between the current output electrode and the grounding electrode, namely the background voltage, which can be positive or negative), the output voltage value is kept (also memorized) by the voltage keeping circuit and is sent to the voltage superposition circuit; then, the state switching circuit switches the circuit work to an output state, the input end of the voltage holding circuit is closed (the output voltage of the voltage holding circuit is kept at the voltage value input before), the work of the output module is opened, and the pulse signal output by the output module is superposed with the background voltage in the voltage superposition circuit and then is connected to the electrode output end. Thus, the pulse signal output by the output electrode cancels the potential difference between the two electrodes, and the influence of the background voltage on the stimulation effect of the pulse signal can be eliminated.

The accompanying data: the research data about the nature of thinking and consciousness and the working mechanism of human brain. The following sections are the applicant's research, analysis and description of the nature of thinking, awareness, attention and their mechanisms of operation at the neuronal level. These matters may not be directly related to the technical solution of the present invention, but are helpful for understanding the working principle and design basis of the present invention.

In the neural activity of the brain, the most fundamental action is the firing of action potentials of neurons. The activity of a certain neuron or a group of neurons forms excitatory stimulation to another neuron through synaptic transmission, when the accumulation of the excitatory stimulation exceeds a certain threshold value, namely the integration of the membrane potential of the neuron exceeds the trigger threshold value of the action potential, the neuron activates burst action potential and forms stimulation to the next neuron through an axon, which is the basic action of brain activity, and therefore the brain realizes various information processing functions. The problems are that: how does the brain achieve various brain functions through the basic activity of such neurons? Such as memory, thinking, attention, consciousness? That is, how are the active actions of neurons used to describe the mechanisms of operation of various brain functions?

The origin and evolution of brain are determined. To understand the working mechanism of the brain, we need to first understand the source of mental activity of the brain, how the brain appears and evolves with the evolution of organisms.

The transmitter is used as a simple principle for generating the evolution of the organisms. Despite the complexity and mystery of the brain, we seem to assume that if we admit that humans and animals have evolved in the natural environment of the earth, without the process of this evolution being governed by unnatural forces (spirit): the nature has no design by a designer, and all objects of the nature are formed by changing substances in the natural environment and slowly accumulating the changes in a long time. And the principles responsible for these variations and accumulations should be simple and natural. Nature follows this "simple principle" and takes a simple principle to form various complex and smart objects over a long period of time.

The function driving component is viewed from the biological evolution process, the formation and evolution of a brain (human brain or animal brain) are correspondingly changed along with the evolution process of an organism, and the function driving component is an organization set of neurons for processing various external information and internal information of an organism and controlling various activities of the animals.

When life evolves from clusters of molecules to unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, there is no reflex system required, but only division replication following the procedure followed by DNA immobilization.

When life is advanced to an organism having a simple structure, it has the most basic function of swallowing and absorbing, and also has the function of moving (for eating and evading eating) necessary for living of the organism. In this case, it is necessary to effectively control these digestive and ambulatory activities, and then to develop some kind of intermediate cell to connect two organ tissues with different functions, so that the stimulation of one organ tissue can induce the stress response of the other organ tissue to achieve the swallowing or locomotion action. The intermediate cells that connect different organ tissues are nerve cells. The living being in this case relies on simple and direct reflex arcs and reflex action to achieve control of the response to the stimulus input, which is the most primitive and simple nervous system.

As living organisms evolve into various living systems including digestive systems, circulatory systems, respiratory systems, endocrine systems, etc., the living organisms also evolve corresponding nervous tissues to sense and reflect the work of the systems, receive various information during the work of the systems, namely the internal information of the living organisms, and control the work of the systems through memory structures (recorded in genes and heritable) formed by long-term evolution. These neural reflecting tissues are gathered together and are mutually influenced and modulated to coordinate and control the work of various systems, so that a processing system of information in the body is formed, and the neural reflecting tissues are mostly positioned at the lower parts of the spinal cord and the brain and are formed parts of the brain in an early stage.

With the needs of living beings for perception and response of various external information (images, sounds, mechanical stimuli, smells, etc.), living beings have evolved a perception system for each external information such as vision, hearing, touch, etc., smell, etc., and have evolved corresponding neural tissues for receiving, identifying, memorizing and reflecting the external information, and the neural tissues for processing the external information are respectively gathered together to form reflecting regions corresponding to various senses, including visual regions, auditory regions, somatosensory regions, etc. Meanwhile, due to the complexity of external environment and information, the living beings need more complex activities to adapt to the environment from swimming to crawling to flying to running to various more complex and precise body actions, and also evolve corresponding nerve tissues to coordinate and control the muscle actions of the body, and the nerve tissues for coordinating and controlling the muscle actions are gathered together to form a motor nervous system comprising a cerebellum and the like, and how to react and control the gathering of the nerve tissues for the body movement according to various external information constitutes each motor subarea on the cortex. The various sensory systems and motor nervous systems together constitute an external information processing system for a living body, and receive various external information and control the motor action of the living body in response to a long-term habituated memory structure.

The internal information processing system and the external information processing system of the body obviously need to be connected and have mutual influence with each other. For example, when the external information processing system of the machine is in more strenuous exercise, the internal information processing system is required to provide more oxygen and nutrition; when the internal information processing system senses starvation, the external information processing system is required to perform actions of foraging. In general terms, therefore, the brain is actually a collection of two systems, an internal information processing system and an external information processing system, of a living body, and there is an intermodulation channel for influencing and modulating the two systems. Thus, a general configuration diagram of the biological information processing shown in fig. 6 is constructed.

With the abundance and complexity of various information, a living body needs to receive the input of various internal and external information at the same time, and the response to the information cannot be simply reflected, but the various information must be integrated and a response for balancing the various information must be made according to the adaptive habit (i.e., memory) formed for a long time. For example, the odor information of the food allows the living being to go to, and the visual danger information near the food allows the living being to escape, so that the living being needs to compare and integrate the signal intensity of going to and escaping, and finally only one action, going to or escaping, can be output. Therefore, the living body develops a joint processing part for comparing, switching, and integrating various input information and intermediate information, and the joint processing part for external information forms a so-called thinking system. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a system for processing in-vivo and in-vitro information. (for simplicity, FIG. 7 shows only two information processing channels, internal and external).

As a result of the evolution of the organism, the collection of various neural tissues reflecting the information constitutes the brain as shown in ⒊. Due to the complexity and even contradiction of various internal and external information, the brain develops a large number of interneurons to connect neural tissues of various sensory inputs, and various information is compared, switched, coordinated and integrated through the interneurons, so that the part forms brain tissues such as brain stem network, thalamus, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum, cerebellum, upper and lower thalamus and the like. Then, as various information is further complicated, part of the nuclei further extend and swell, forming cerebral cortex including telencephalon. As shown in fig. 8. (for simplicity, only a portion of the information channels are shown in FIG. 8).

With the sophistication of animals' social lives and living environments, animals have evolved languages for communicating information for better survival and life. Here, the speech is broad and includes a language of sound, a body language, and a language of various biological information such as smell. For humans, rich languages and corresponding words are also produced relatively specifically. For the input, output and processing of these languages and text information, the brain also realizes the input, output and processing by developing a series of sets of interneurons. The method comprises the following steps: and an auditory language center (auditory speech center) positioned in the back of the superior temporal gyrus and used for identifying language information in the sound information received by the auditory area. The motor language center (speaking center) located in the lower back of the forehead controls the muscles in the mouth and throat to speak. The visual language center (reading center) located on the corner of the top and bottom leaflets identifies the text information in the visual information received by the visual zone. The exercise character center (writing center) located at the back of the forehead, realizes writing of characters by controlling the muscles of fingers.

Because the language information and the character information are so rich, the information quantity formed by the language information and the character information is huge and complex, the work of listening to the speech, speaking, reading and writing the input and output of each central nerve center and information recombination is also formed on the cortex, a large number of intermediate neurons are used for connecting the central nerves, the language and the character information input or output by the neurons of the central nerves are connected, memorized, recombined, reacted and output, and the like, and a string of segmented information chain is formed. For example, the language input by the auditory center or the character input by the reading center is stored and memorized in the cortical interneurons, and the association relationship between the language and the character is established, and when the language is heard or the character is seen next time, the cortical interneurons which are stored and memorized can be activated, so that the meaning (word sense) of the input language and the character can be identified. On the other hand, when the middle neurons of the brain combined cortex are active (i.e., thinking), the neurons projected to the speaking center or the writing center can be fed back, and the information string of the brain thinking can be output through the activation output of the neurons, so as to form speaking or writing.

As the working principle is ⒋, the brain works by adopting neurons to sense, memorize and reflect various input and output information and by adopting intermediate neurons to carry out integrated processing on various input and output information and intermediate information so as to carry out coordinated control on various outputs of the body. With the development of the relationship between the body and the environment and the trend of the complex and fine structure of the body, the brain has correspondingly evolved in complexity and fineness, and the information processing link of the brain is complicated due to the generation of intermodulation among various parts. With the complication and refinement of various sensory information and motor actions, especially the phonetized sensory input and motor output, and the integrated processing of the information, namely thinking and memory, the number of neurons in the cerebral cortex, especially telencephalon, is increased correspondingly and rapidly, and the volume expansion becomes the largest part of the human brain.

Describing the brain evolution process these prior knowledge aims to express this: from the point of view of biological evolution, the individual nuclei formed by the human brain when entering mammals, reptiles and even fish and their information processing mechanisms have been substantially unchanged. The sites in the human brain that exist at an early stage, such as the brainstem network, remain central and dominant in the brain's systemic work, while some sites that develop at a later stage, such as the cortex, especially the telencephalon cortex, are bulky, but only the small nuclei of the former, which are enlarged due to the increase of information leading to the increase of neurons, remain subordinate in the human brain's systemic work. (just as we cannot think that the replacement of the brain by the legs during the evolution of the human body becomes the core and the leading part of the human body's motor system because of the large and big thighs). Therefore, although the neural activities of the higher brain functions such as recognition of information and cognition, thinking and memory, motor output, etc. mostly occur in the cortex, especially in the telencephalon, the control of these neural activities, i.e., the core of the control mechanism of the whole brain system operation, is not in the cortex, not in the telencephalon, but in the brainstem and diencephalon, which are present at the earliest stages of biological evolution, including the brainstem network, thalamus, upper and lower thalamus, etc. (the control mechanism of the brain is the focus and will be described in detail in the third section, namely "⒊ control mechanism of mental activity of the brain").

The nature of the capsule wall-carrying thinking and awareness. To analyze thinking and consciousness, knowledge of cognition and memory is also required, which are two basic and necessary prerequisites for thinking. Cognition is the process that the brain perceives and recognizes various stimuli, the cognitive information is stored through memory, and then the brain reacts and reintegrates the cognitive information and the memorized intermediate information to form thinking.

The capsule traffic serves as the nature and mechanism of operation of the memory. The applicant describes the nature and formation of memory, and the difference and transformation between short-term memory and long-term memory in the specification of the chinese patent application "simulation apparatus and method of neural network" of application No. 2014106066977 filed on 30/10/2014. In the brain neuron network, the nature of memory is the "unique reflex" of the neuron. When a neural network receives a stimulus for the input of a certain information (minimum essential information element), i.e. an afferent stimulus for an action potential activated by one or a group of neurons, the neural network is connected in such a way that it has, and only has, the other or another group of neurons fully excited and integrated, activating a burst action potential and outputting a new information element, which is the essential neuron activity for memory. In the brain, recognition and memory of external information exist in the cerebral cortex, while memory of various intermediate information occurs in the intermediate channel of information transmission (such as hippocampus) first, and long-term memory is formed in the cerebral cortex after multiple stimulations. Specific work may be found in previous applications and will not be described in detail herein.

The work mechanism of the capsule wall-mover component. Cognition is also the basis and premise of thinking, or the previous process of thinking. Traditionally, cognition and thinking are sometimes mixed together, but in practice cognition and thinking are two different processes and are realized by adopting different working modes. The cognitive activities are performed in parallel on the various sensory neurons and the primary sensory cortex, while the thinking, in particular the cortical interneurons, transmit, react and reintegrate the cognitive output information and the thinking itself generated intermediate information, and output control information or new intermediate information, working in serial.

There are many relevant documents disclosing neural links and operations for cognition, particularly for cognitive processes related to vision, hearing and touch, and only a brief description of the parallel operation of cognition is given here. The cognition is a process that the brain perceives and recognizes external cognitive objects, and as the cognitive objects have complex and diverse information, in order to realize the recognition of the cognitive objects, a plurality of pieces of information of the cognitive objects need to be perceived at the same time to define one cognitive object together, so the perception and the recognition of the cognitive process adopt a parallel working mode of the information, and then the cognitive objects are defined and recognized through many-to-one projection. For example, for the visual recognition of an object, since the image of the object includes various information such as size, shape, color, brightness, etc., one or more of the information should be perceived according to the need of recognition, and each information has different values, and the value may need to be perceived, and finally, the object is defined and recognized according to the perceived information. The specific process is probably as follows: the brain senses the shape and size of an image, color information and brightness information through several sensory neurons of eyes, and outputs values for transmitting several kinds of information through the speed and the time sequence of action potential release, namely frequency coding and time coding. Second, visual output information is projected onto the lateral geniculate body and the primary visual cortex. The projection is performed by a plurality of information paths, but the projection relationship is one-to-many on each information path. The primary visual cortex has a very strict and orderly arranged array structure, and can activate neurons in different numbers and different positions in the array structure according to the release speed and the time sequence of the neuron action potentials input by each visual channel, namely, the frequency coding and the time coding of each visual input information are converted into the space coding of a group of neuron activities in different numbers and different positions in space. And thirdly, projecting the primary visual cortex to the combined visual cortex. This projection is a many-to-one relationship in spatial location, resulting in a highly generalized spatial encoding. That is, the coactivation of firing action potentials of multiple (or multiple) neurons in the primary visual cortex, cooperatively stimulate one (or a group) of neurons in the combined visual cortex, and the one (or a group) of neurons is activated and fired through the membrane integration of excitation. Therefore, a plurality of (a plurality of groups of) neurons corresponding to various information and different values are mapped and limited together, and one (or one group of) neurons uniquely correspond to the original cognitive object, so that the cognitive object is identified. And fourthly, if the visual signal relates to characters, the neurons on the joint visual cortex are further projected to a visual language center (a reading center, and the reading center also belongs to the joint visual cortex) to recognize the characters. Sending activities of the combined cortical neurons become information output after cognition, and thinking and various reflex reaction activities are carried out through activities of the interneurons, particularly the combined cortical interneurons.

The cognitive processes with respect to auditory, tactile and other sensations are similar to those with respect to visual perception. Auditory information enters the brainstem from cochlear hair cells through auditory nerves, is relayed in the geniculate inside the thalamus, is projected to the primary auditory cortex, and is projected to the combined auditory cortex from the primary auditory cortex, so that the recognition of sound is realized. If the auditory information relates to language, the joint auditory cortex is also projected towards the auditory language center (auditory speech center) to recognize the language. However, from the viewpoint of brain function, the associative visual cortex should have a nerve projection path directly to the motor cortex, while the associative auditory cortex does not have such a projection, so the brain can control the motor action of the body directly according to visual information without attention and thinking, but the auditory sense cannot. In addition, the sensory cortices, including vision and hearing, appear to have a common projected area, allowing cross-correlation of the sensory information of the same cognitive subject. For example, the character recognition information of a person is associated with a name and a voice, and the name and the character can be recalled when the voice is heard. And the cross-projected area of the reading center and the auditory center is the so-called semantic cortex area.

The nature of the capsule wall-carrying ⒊ thought. The activity of the cortical, especially the cortical interneurons, is the basic form of thought neuronal activity if under various modulation conditions, controlled, ordered, sequential, step-by-step (or group-by-group) activation, i.e. chain activation, (activation, i.e. burst action potentials) is formed. Specifically, as shown in fig. 9, an axon of a neuron, such as neuron a, may establish synaptic connection with dendrites or soma of tens of thousands of other neurons, and a dendrite of another neuron, such as neuron b, may also establish synaptic connection with axons of tens of thousands of other neurons, these synaptic structures are previously established by various information stimuli, (including direct information memory and other indirect connections), such that when a neuron a is activated to generate an action potential, excitation is applied by synaptic transmission to neuron b, neuron b is also activated to burst an action potential, i.e., neuron a → neuron b, upon coordinated excitatory excitation of other neurons (i.e., spatial integration of the excitation, including the modulating action of the modulating neuron and the coordinated excitation of the synchronization pulse, described in detail below). Similarly, the activation of neuron b, whose action potential firing, will form excitatory stimulation to other neurons such as neuron c, neuron d, etc., so that the following neuron c, neuron d are also activated in turn, forming the chain activation of neuron a → b → c → d → … …, etc. Since each neuron or each group of neurons corresponds to a certain most basic information, i.e., information element, such as information element a corresponding to neuron a, information element B corresponding to neuron B, information element C corresponding to neuron C, etc., the information elements corresponding to the activation chain of neurons a → B → C → D → … … form a series of sequentially output information chains a → B → C → D → … …, which generate controlled, ordered, sequentially stepped chain activation actions by neurons in a neural network, which are the most basic forms of neural activity, i.e., the nature of thinking at the neuron level. The neuron described herein may be one or a group of neurons, which are the basic neural units corresponding to and defining an information element. The activation is one or more continuous bursts of action potential of neurons, and the activation and the release of many neurons may be continuous due to synapse facilitation.

The manner in which the capsule wall ⒋ thinks of working. The thinking mode is the mode of how the neurons are activated in a chain mode through the transmission of excitation signals to realize information processing. Since synaptic connections between neurons are massive and complex in structure, the reasons for activation of neuron a and activation of neuron b are manifold, which may be as follows.

The capsule wall ⒋ may have synaptic connections established for information retention. That is, the information a → B is inputted many times before, and a direct synaptic connection with a sufficiently strong transmission efficiency is created between neuron a and neuron B, (the transmission efficiency of synapse is generally determined by the number of synapses formed between each other and the transmission efficiency of each synapse), so that when neuron a is activated and stimulates neuron B, neuron B is triggered to generate an action potential due to sufficient excitation integration, and a reflex chain of neuron a → B → is generated, which is a thinking output and is a memory process of the original memorized information, and the more detailed work can be referred to the description of chinese patent application No. 2014106066977.

The capsule wall ⒋ mediates the modulating effects of the modulating neurons. Other neural activities from the emotional system, the motor nervous system, etc., which produce modulating effects of the modulating neuron on neuron b, including an increase in the enhancing modulation, or a decrease in the inhibitory modulation, are such that when neuron a is activated, neuron b is activated due to synaptic integration, producing a reflex chain of neuron a → b. (the specific operation will be described later).

The wall-splits ⒋ ⒊ result from the coordinated excitation of the synchronous excitation pulses. Particularly from the thinking system "attention" control loop. Activation of neuron a, sends stimulation through the axon to a large number of posterior neurons, but apparently these posterior neurons are not all activated, and only when the synchronous impulse sending of the thought "attention" control loop is directed to the area where neuron b is located, does neuron b become activated by the integration of the co-stimulation of the synchronous impulses, producing the reflex chain of neuron a → b. Whereas if the synchronization pulse of the "attention" control loop is a region that issues to other neurons, it is likely that another neuron, such as neuron f, is activated, resulting in a reflex chain of neurons a → f. It should be noted that in the same mood and physiological state, the brain's mental activities are controlled by the synchronous excitation pulses of the "attention" control loop, and it is the synchronous pulses that enable the activities of neurons to form ordered "step-by-step" chained activation in the same path without confusion, and the synchronous pulses play a timing control role similar to the clock signal in the central processing unit in the field of electronic technology. The "attention" working mechanism is the key point of brain work, and will be described in detail in the third section later, i.e., "the control mechanism of thinking activity of the third and the brain".

The wall-divided ⒋ ⒋ combines the effects of various excitatory excitations. Since synaptic connections between neurons are bulky and structurally complex, conditions and pathways for the generation of chain activation of neurons may not require direct fixed reflex connections to be established with each other, but rather trigger activation due to the co-integration of other indirectly connected interneurons. For example, there is no direct and fixed reflection relationship between the neuron e and the neuron f, (i.e. there is no information memory relationship), so although a general synaptic connection with weak transmission efficiency is established between the neuron e and the neuron f, (the related neurons are stimulated by indirect information, a general synaptic connection with wide range is established between the neurons, and if the number of synapses established between each other is small and the transmission performance of each synapse is low, the transmission efficiency of the synapse is weak), the weak synaptic connection can transmit weak excitation, the activation of the neuron e is not enough to cause the neuron f to be activated, but if the neurons a, b, c, d are activated before the neuron e is activated, (i.e. the neuron of the related information is activated), the neuron f is stimulated many times, these stimuli bring about membrane excitations and membrane integrations of the neuron f several times, (which is also one of the causes of working memory due to membrane integrations and synaptic short-term plasticity of synaptic transmission), and at the same time there is a modulating action of the modulating neuron, so that when the neuron e activates firing, accompanied by the excitation of the synchronous pulses of the "attention" control pathway, the weak excitatory stimuli delivered by the neuron e to the neuron f is already sufficient to make the excitatory value of the neuron f after synaptic integration exceed the threshold of the action potential, triggering the action potential, generating the reflex chain of the neuron e → f → a. In this case, the excitatory stimulation of the neuron e plays the last critical role, (the last straw). The chain activation caused by the mode is the main form of brain thinking and the reason for the brain to be capable of freely thinking, and the chain activation is generated by integrating the whole information structure without establishing direct memory relationship between the previous and the next information, so that the chain activation does not recall the information, but can generate the output of a new information chain which is not existed before, and generates the free thinking. Of course, the concept of "free" is relative, meaning that a new information chain can be generated which was not present before, but the generation is still limited by other various indirect information. In the face of information input, the direction of progression of chain activation, i.e., the thought of thinking, is influenced by the connection structure of the relevant neurons and the common effects of multiple modulation paths and "attention" control paths. The connection structure of related neurons is the memory structure of original related information, including knowledge, events, experience and the like, which is the basis for forming intelligence; the strength of the "attention" control path and the modulation paths may also vary among people, which is the main reason for the different "characters".

The plated ⒋ ⒌ neurons were spontaneously discharged. Neurons of the cerebral cortex have a wide synaptic connection with each other, and therefore, there is a possibility that neurons other than the activation chain of the thought channel may partially generate membrane integration and trigger action potential due to continuous various excitatory stimuli at a certain time, thereby generating so-called spontaneous discharge. However, the applicant speculates that the spontaneous discharge is sporadic and cannot form cooperative integration with other excitation excitations including synchronous pulses, and generally cannot excite the next neuron again and form chain activation, so that thought activity is not formed, and only isolated spontaneous discharge is formed. However, this spontaneous discharge is also of biological interest: the occasional spontaneous discharge of the neuron can keep the cell body and synapse of the neuron in certain physiological activities and maintain the physiological activities. And because the excitation stimulus of the related neurons with the synaptic connections is received, and the spontaneous discharge of the excitation stimulus stimulates the related neurons, the synaptic connections with the neurons can be refreshed, the effectiveness of the synaptic connections is improved, and the memory structure built by relying on the synaptic connections is enhanced. This mechanism should be the presence of other systems of the brain such as the motor nervous system. Moreover, this mechanism appears to work while sleeping, so sometimes we find that information or skills that go through repeated learning or practice, even if they do not go to learning or contact later, become clearer or more proficient after some days.

The conscious nature of the wall-passing ⒌. Consciousness is one of the most mysterious functions of the brain. According to the link and the flow of the brain in information processing, the analysis of the applicant considers that: consciousness is the brain's self-perception of mental activity. When the brain is thinking, i.e. the brain is thinking in conjunction with the cortical interneuron network, the neurons of the thought channel are activated, whose axons on the one hand form excitatory transmission to other neurons in front to continue to stimulate thinking activity, and on the other hand also simultaneously form projections to the neurons of the cortical combined sensory area, so that the activity of the neurons of the thought channel is perceived by the cortical sensory area, and the brain then perceives and realizes the thought and existence of "i". This projection of the combined cortical neuronal activity onto the sensory cortical neurons enables the sensory cortex to produce a self-perception of the combined cortical mental activity, which is the essence of consciousness. In normal persons, and in normal waking states, this projected sensory cortex appears to be primarily the auditory associative sensory area, especially the language center, so our daily "consciousness" is mostly in language. (for the congenital deaf-mute, the congenital deaf-mute can not form sound perception, but the neural network has plasticity and compensatory ability, so the congenital deaf-mute can be performed by visual sign language, and the sign language also belongs to language). Of course, the auditory sensory area and the visual sensory area are artificially defined and actually realized by the central nervous interneuron. The biological significance of the projection of the thinking process to the sensory cortex and the self-perception is that various intermediate information generated by the thinking process is projected to a sensory area as new information to be sensed and input so as to memorize or recombine the intermediate information with the original information, (the memory is firstly expressed as working memory and then converted into long-term memory and long-term memory in some cases), thereby continuously improving the memorized information structure. It is because of this re-projection that the thought process can be perceived by the sensory cortex of the brain, making us "aware" and "aware" of the content and process of thought, which makes us create this wonderful "awareness". Without this path of re-projection perception, the brain simply reflects and responds to the input information without "knowing" and "awareness", and does not self-perfect the structure of the information, but rather is a neuroreflex mechanism belonging to a junior creature, or more like an automated machine. Obviously, this is also the essential difference between the current artificial intelligence and the human brain: the current artificial intelligence only has the capabilities of sensing, identifying, processing, responding and outputting external input information, but lacks the capabilities of self-sensing in the information processing process and integrating intermediate information generated in the information processing process into an original information structure in real time, namely lacks the capabilities of self-awareness and self-perfection. Clearly, without an understanding and appreciation of the nature of the "consciousness" of the human brain, there is nothing at all to talk about designing artificial intelligence that is truly "conscious". The applicant designs an artificial intelligence system with a completely new working principle according to the essence and working principle of the human brain 'thinking' and 'consciousness' and the 'attention' control mechanism about thinking which will be described later, and solves the 'self-improvement' technology of integrating the intermediate information into the original information structure in real time in a smart way, and the artificial intelligence system with the completely new working principle is disclosed in the patent application of the 'artificial intelligence system with self consciousness' which is proposed later.

The applicant also believes that: the brain has modulation pathways from hypothalamus or brainstem, namely modulation pathways of sleep and consciousness, so that when normal people are in a waking state and the interneurons of the joint cortex perform thinking activities, the neurons of the activation chain mainly project to the joint auditory cortex, and the projections to the visual and other sensory cortex are inhibited, so that the brain realizes self perception and consciousness of thinking mainly by auditory perception. This is mainly because the visual cortex also presents a direct projection to the motor cortex for unconscious daily activities, whereas the auditory one does not, which might cause confusion in the "visual-motor" response if visual information of mental activities is also projected to the visual cortex. Only in the non-awake state (sleep dreams, or certain psychoses such as schizophrenia) the inhibition of the visual cortex is abnormally removed and the information produced by the mental activities is projected towards the visual cortex, producing a perceptible visual illusion to the brain as it sees. (dreaming and schizophrenia, described further below).

The manner in which the cross-wall ⒍ awareness is developed. The mode of consciousness generation, namely the feedback projection of the interneurons combining cortical thinking pathways to the cortical sensory region in the thinking process, can be two modes:

The first way that the capsule ⒍ can act is to directly perform chain activation of the interneurons of the thought pathway, such as the activation chain of neuron a1 → b1 → c1 → the activity of which is not affected by the cortex sensory region, but in this process, the neurons a1, b1, c1 simultaneously project lateral branches to the cortex sensory region, so that the corresponding neurons such as neurons a2, b2, c2 sense the thought process, i.e. self-perception of a2 → b2 → c2 → thereby generating self "consciousness". In this way, thought is directly produced by the interneurons associated with the cortex, and the sensory cortex only passively senses and recognizes this thought activity. The neuron projection pattern is shown in fig. 10.

The second way that the capsule ⒍ may function is that the chain activation of thought activity is performed by back-and-forth intersections between combined cortical neurons and sensory cortical neurons, the projection of which is shown in fig. 11. The process comprises the following steps: first, each activation of a neuron of the thought pathway, such as the activation of neuron a1, simultaneously makes a projection excitation to the next neuron b1 and the corresponding neuron a2 of the sensory cortex; secondly, the sensory cortical neuron a2 is triggered and activated to sense the information; activation of the sensory cortical neuron a2, and in turn projection excitation to the combined cortical neurons (including neuron a 2); fourthly, the neuron b1 combined with the cortex receives the excitation of a1 and a2 at the same time, and activation is triggered; fifthly, activating the neuron b1, and simultaneously performing projection excitation on the next neuron c1 and the corresponding neuron b2 of the sensory cortex; sixthly, activating and sensing the information by sensory cortical neurons b 2; activation of sensory cortical neurons b2, in turn projection excitations to cortical-associated neurons (including neuron c 1); and, neuron c1 receives simultaneous stimulation from b1 and b2, triggering activation … …; finally, the combined cortical thinking pathway also produces the activation chain of neurons a1 → b1 → c1 → while the neurons of the sensory cortex also produce the self-perception of a2 → b2 → c2 → to become conscious, but this process is done in a round-trip projection of a1 → a2 → b1 → b2 → c1 → c2 → c. In this manner, sensory neurons sense each step of mental activity in real time and participate in and define the next activation of mental activity.

The capsule ⒍ capsule is lacking in detailed and reliable anatomical data, and applicant cannot directly determine in which manner awareness perception is being performed, but applicant analyzes and speculates this through a particular, linguistic, thinking. In human beings, thinking is usually done in a language, and only in a few special cases is there a non-language thinking. Human linguistic thinking is generally done in a first native language, but can also be done in a foreign language including a second native language, which applicants believe is why consciousness is projected to the joint sensory cortex, and this provides a way for us to analyze how thinking is projected to consciousness: if the projection of thinking to consciousness is the first way, namely thinking activity is independently performed by the middle neurons of the joint cortex, and the joint sensory cortex (the sensory recognition of language also belongs to the joint sensory region of the sensory cortex) only passively senses the activity, the thinking activity can normally and smoothly perform and generate thinking results no matter the thinking is performed in the mother language or the foreign language, but the thinking can not be reliably sensed and realized sometimes; on the contrary, if the projection of thinking to consciousness is the second way, that is, thinking is going back and forth between neurons of the combined cortex and sensory cortex, when thinking in an inexperienced foreign language, the thinking activity is inevitably unsmooth, and the progress to the unknown foreign language words is hindered, failing to produce a thinking result. In the latter case, the brain is often incoherent and obstructed in thinking in an inexperienced foreign language, so the applicant speculates that the thinking of the brain, at least linguistic, is a chain activation between neurons in the central nervous system of the associative cortical thinking pathway and neurons in the sensory cortex. Of course, this operation is also affected by the modulation of the synchronization pulse and other modulated information. (see "Perfect action ⒋ ⒊ from synchronization pulses". The 3 rd later section, "control mechanisms for brain thought activity").

Capsule ⒍ ⒊ if thought and consciousness are to be achieved by projecting back and forth between neurons of the thought pathway and sensory cortex, as thought activity requires coordinated excitation of synchronized pulses of the "attention" control loop, then in a linguistic thought activity, each step of neuronal activity requires more synchronized pulses to coordinate excitation, neuron activation of the thought pathway takes at least one time, and neuron activation of the sensory cortex takes at least one time, (at least because neurons sometimes require more than one synchronized pulse excitation to produce an activation burst). It is known that a synchronous pulse of brain activity can be detected, i.e. brain waves. Therefore, in the linguistically thought activities, even in the most stressful and fastest thinking, the speed of thinking, that is, the number of words of thought activities that can be realized within a certain time, is not more than half of the brain wave rhythm at the fastest speed. This can be verified by design experiments.

Capsule wall ⒍ ⒋ applicants believe that the way in which thought and awareness occurs in such back-and-forth intersecting projections is of biological interest and justification. Each step of the thinking process projects the information to the sensory cortex in real time, so that the brain can sense and integrate the information in time, the sensing of the sensory cortex is projected back to the thinking pathway again, the thinking activity is influenced and limited again, and the thinking is promoted to be more accurately carried out in the related information. Furthermore, from the anatomical point of view of the brain, the cerebral cortex has a huge number of densely arranged neurons, (especially pyramidal cells and granular cells), whereas the number of neurons of any direct neural projection link in the brain (number of transposes) is not large, mostly only 2 to 5 neurons, but our mental activities are able to input, output and integrate serial information chains of incredible length, such as memorizing or reciting articles of thousands of characters! It is clear that the brain remembers and outputs this string of articles of enormous number of bytes by the way it performs the back and forth projection of events between the sensory cortex, which is a huge number of neurons, and the combined cortex. Where the sensory cortex remembers the individual words of language and text, while the associative cortex remembers the associative relationship between them. When reading and memorizing a piece of article, the words are memorized in a front-back time sequence connection relationship by changing the connection structure of the middle neurons of the combined cortex (including the cortex of the hippocampal structure); when the article is recalled, under the control of the synchronous excitation pulse, the interneurons with time sequence connection relation are sequentially activated in a stepping mode and project to and fro with the reading center of the sensory cortex in real time, so that the sensory cortex senses the words one by one to generate a string of language perception, and the article is recalled. (this recall of an original memorized article is also a form of mental activity, see "Perch ⒋ for synaptic connections built for information memory").

Capsule wall ⒍ ⒌ during this linguisticized thought described above, neurons in the cortical language-sensory region activate and project into the cortical language-related motor regions, including the speech and writing centers. However, the two centers are normally closed and output, (inhibited by the modulation neuron or/and without the cooperative excitation of the synchronous pulse), and the two motor centers are opened only when speaking or writing is needed, (inhibited by the modulation neuron or/and effectively released and excited by the synchronous pulse), so that the information of the linguistic thinking activity can be simultaneously output in motion, namely speaking or writing.

If analyzed in the same manner as the capsule wall split ⒍, the results are: the speaking center or writing center only passively receives the information projection of thinking activity and outputs the information downward to the motor nerve without participating in the thinking process. Therefore, the normal operation of thinking activity can not be influenced even if the pronunciation is incorrect and the words can not be written, and even the situation that the brain thinks is different from the spoken words sometimes occurs.

Capsule ⒍ ⒍ of course, the above analysis is of thought by the thinking system as "conscious", while for other systems, such as the locomotor system, the locomotor activity of the locomotor system can be controlled by the output of the thinking system, or can be performed directly without the need for "attention" or "awareness" of the thinking system, which is macroscopically manifested in that the body reacts directly to external information stimuli and is then noticed and perceived by the thinking system, since the cortical motor zone can receive both the output projection of the joint cortex and the projection of the cortical sensory zone.

The relationship between thought, awareness, and attention of the capsule wall ⒎. Thinking is the ordered sequential chain activation of interneurons in the joint cortex, while consciousness is the self-perception of the sensory cortex to thought activity, and therefore, consciousness is generated by relying on thinking. According to the working mechanism of brain 'attention' (see the third part described later), attention is a control mode that the control loop of the thinking system receives various sensory stimuli, and integrates a plurality of information processing channels for coordinated control through comparison, competition and mutual inhibition. The direction of ' attention ' determines which part of neurons of the brain's thinking system receive the sensory input and perform the mental activities at a certain moment, and the mental activities of these neurons are fed back and projected to the sensory area, and are perceived by the sensory area neurons, so as to generate ' consciousness '. Therefore, "attention" is a control means, "thinking" is a reflex action, and "consciousness" is a perception process. "Note" controls "thinking," which creates "awareness".

In general, the three are interdependent, and the part that the brain "pays attention to" is the content of thinking activity and is "conscious" by the brain. Especially when thinking is done in a language-based form, thinking activity feedback is projected to the sensory area (which should be the auditory language center) where language recognition is performed, so we are strongly aware of the linguistic thinking process and the existence of "consciousness". However, in some other non-verbal thinking activities, such as the thinking process of the operational work mentioned above, since the actions can be controlled by the thinking system with "attention" and "consciousness", can be directly performed without the thinking system with "attention" and "consciousness", and can even be performed depending on the procedural memory of the motion system, the association and the distinction among "attention", "thinking" and "consciousness" can be easily made unclear.

⒊ control mechanism of brain thinking activity. The signal processing and control mechanisms of the brain are the most important elements of the brain. Previously, we can understand the composition and structure of the brain through anatomy, understand the approximate projection relationship of each neural link of the brain, even understand the structure and working principle of single neuron and synapse, but still can not understand the essence and work of memory, thinking and consciousness of the brain, the main reason is that the whole working mechanism of the whole brain (at least the thinking system thereof), especially the signal processing and controlling mechanism thereof, lacks a systematic understanding, which leads to the limitation that our understanding of the brain is just like blindness. Once the transmission and control mechanism of the signal is clarified, many problems related to the brain, even the nature and cause of some mental diseases, can be easily solved.

⒊ may serve several issues regarding thinking. The most fundamental neuronal action of thought activity, namely the chain activation of neurons, was previously analyzed as the basic form of brain thought, as well as the nature of thought. The neurons are sequentially activated in order to form chain activation, and the sequential output of information elements corresponding to the chain activated neurons forms an information chain, which is thought.

However, if thinking is developed with only chain activation of neurons, there are at least several problems:

⒊ preferably has no other coordination, so that the activation of one neuron may not alone result in the activation of the next neuron, or may result in the simultaneous activation of a plurality of posterior neurons, and this may not be the ordered chain activation, but rather the radial activation of a wide range of neurons, which obviously does not match the serial and ordered nature of our thinking.

⒊ input by various external information stimuli (various senses such as vision, hearing and the like) through the capsule in the same time can cause the activation of related neurons in the brain, if some control mechanism is not available, the external stimuli can cause a plurality of chain-type activations at the same time to form a plurality of thinking to be carried out at the same time, and obviously, the method is not in accordance with the characteristic that only a single 'thought' is carried out at the same time. (it is referred to herein as the "conscious" thinking, and does not include the body's involuntary reflex response to external stimuli, which is another reflex system, followed by another analysis).

⒊ rather than ⒊ if thinking is only about chain activation of interneurons, then the thinking speed should be substantially the same, because in the process of "input-trigger action potential-output", the action speed of neurons is substantially the same, even considering the time of excitatory membrane integration, and not very different. In practice, however, the mental speed and the information output speed of the brain are variable and even "conscious" and freely controllable. For example, when thinking in a language or reciting a word by reading it silently, the speed can be slow, down to less than 1 word per second, or fast, appearing to be as fast as 10 words per second. Obviously, this is not determined by the activity of the part of neurons that are chain-activated and that are associated with the cortex, but requires another signal to control.

⒊ processing ⒋ if thinking is only done through chain activation of interneurons, then thinking, once started, can only be done in related neurons (i.e. related information) with relevance, and can not turn thinking to other contents. In practice, however, the brain may be turning to other things during thinking. Such as: the thinking process can be associated or switched to other contents, and the idea can be switched between different information contents (of course, only a single idea is still in progress at the same time). For example, when other senses (such as vision, hearing, and touch) are input during thinking, the brain may immediately switch to "pay attention" and process the inputs, or ignore the senses and continue to perform the original thinking. Obviously, this also requires a control mechanism to determine and switch this.

⒊ the pulse width of the action potential of the rather ⒌ neuron is only a few milliseconds, while the time course of thinking activity and movement action is mostly in the order of seconds, and can constitute the activity period of longer time course, obviously, it is difficult to directly form the second-level information activity depending on the action potential of the millisecond level.

⒊ has the characteristics ⒍ as described above, which is essentially a control mechanism of thought. The brain is necessarily controlled by a certain control mechanism during thinking, namely the activity of carrying out neuron chain activation, so that only a certain neuron or a certain group of specific neurons can be activated at a certain moment, the neural activity is orderly carried out in a stepping mode, and the thinking activity is ensured to be orderly carried out in a certain channel in a single thought. Moreover, the control mechanism also controls the thinking that the control mechanism can perform proper attention, judgment and switching among various different ideas and different external sensory inputs, namely forming the 'attention' control mechanism.

The applicant has analysed that this control mechanism of the brain thought system is constituted by a "network-thalamus" thought oscillation loop for the generation of synchronization pulses, together with several modulation pathways. (synchronization pulse is a term used to refer to the conventional habit of delivering action potential pulse to cortex from thalamus, but it is not used for synchronous control, but instead, it delivers action potential pulse back and forth between "reticular structure-thalamus" to form oscillation rhythm, and delivers pulse to cortex through thalamus to stimulate cortical interneurons to perform chain activation in turn, so it seems that it is more appropriate to refer to as excitation pulse, but it is also referred to as synchronization pulse or synchronous excitation pulse due to the habit). The oscillating loop and the modulation paths have different functions and together form a thought control mechanism, and the control mechanism also can be the control mechanism of motion and other processing systems. This will be described below.

⒊ traverse the "attention" control path, synchronizing the operating mechanisms of the pulse oscillation loop. It is known that the thalamus constantly sends action potentials to the cortex, (which is also responsible for the generation of brain waves), which, according to current understanding, appears to be the work in controlling cortical neurons, and that the sending of thalamic synchronization pulses appears to be linked to the reticular structure. Then, how are their specific operational processes and control mechanisms? The applicant has analyzed this and described it in detail.

⒊ As well as the brain and brain stem networks form an oscillating circuit that cyclically transmits action potentials. The medial aspect of the brainstem network, and more specifically the medial aspect of the midbrain network, projects action potentials into the thalamic plate nucleus, which do not contain specific information but have a certain specificity. Currently, neuroanatomy does not allow more detailed partitioning of the mesencephalon network, but the applicant believes that it has at least a packet structure with each group of neurons corresponding to and connected to some sort of information input, (such as visual, auditory, tactile, etc. inputs, and various downward projection paths from neurons that unite cortical thinking activities). Each group of neurons of the mesencephalic reticular structure projects upward toward a specific partition in the thalamus plate kernel, and a neuron in a certain group of the mesencephalic reticular structure projects upward and controls a group of neurons in a corresponding partition in the thalamus plate kernel. The neurons projected from the mesencephalon reticular structure to the thalamus plate kernel belong to cholinergic neurons, and have high synaptic transmission response speed and strong evoked excitation effect, so that when a certain group of neurons of the mesencephalon reticular structure are activated and released, the group of neurons of the projected thalamus plate kernel are excited and activated to release action potentials, but synaptic plasticity should not be generated, so that no memory effect exists, and the projection relationship is fixed.

⒊ neuronal axons which traverse the thalamic nucleus, project simultaneously into the cortex and thalamic reticular nuclei; the cortex is also downlinked to both the plate core and the mesh core. (the projection of the plate core into the cortex and the projection of the cortex onto the plate core are described below). The projection of the plate core to the reticular core and the projection of the cortex to the reticular core have a corresponding projection position relationship, so that the pulse delivery of the plate core and the cortex can carry out excitation integration and jointly stimulate the activation of reticular nuclear neurons.

⒊ the neurons which pass through ⒊ thalamic reticular nuclei project downward into the mesencephalic reticular structure. This projection carries no specific information, primarily providing feedback excitation to neurons of the mesencephalon network to maintain the continuous oscillation loop. But may have the specificity of group localization, i.e. a certain group of neurons projected by the plate core to the reticular nucleus belong to the same information pathway as a group of neurons projected by the reticular nucleus to the mesencephalon reticular structure.

⒊ through ⒋ so that when the brain is operating, the process of back and forth pulsing between the mesencephalon network and the thalamus is: activating a certain neuron or a group of neurons of the mesencephalon reticular structure, and issuing the neurons to the thalamic plate kernel to activate the group of neurons projected by the neurons; neurons of the plate core issue to the mesh core, activating the projected neurons; (the board kernel simultaneously issues a synchronization pulse to the cortex); the neurons of the reticular nucleus issue to corresponding neurons of the mesencephalon reticular structure, and the neurons of the mesencephalon reticular structure are activated again. Then, a closed loop of the "midbrain network ← → thalamus" which gives action potential pulses in a round-trip cycle is formed between the midbrain network and the thalamus in accordance with the projection relationship of the "midbrain network → thalamus plateaus kernel → thalamus network → midbrain network", as shown in fig. 12. This loop is an oscillating loop that is delivered back and forth according to its operating form, and is a control loop that is controlled in coordination according to its function, so the applicant called the "thinking system synchronous pulse oscillating loop", abbreviated as "thinking oscillating loop", or the "thinking system control loop", abbreviated as "thinking control loop".

⒊ the thalamic nucleus carried ⒌ projects into the reticular nucleus and upward into the cortex, i.e., the cortex projects "non-specific afferents". This projection is divergent, i.e. few to many projections, but actually has a positional correspondence, each sub-area of the thalamic nucleus, a corresponding large sub-area of the upward projection onto the cortex, (visual, auditory, tactile, etc., and joint cortical areas where thinking takes place, etc.); a group of neurons in a certain partition of the inner core of the board are projected upwards to a certain part of neurons in the corresponding large area of the cortex; a neuron in the core of the plate, projects upward toward a group of neurons in that part of the cortex. When activated by ascending of the mesencephalon reticular structure, a specific neuron in the thalamic board kernel performs pulse emission to a neuron projected by cortex to form a synchronous excitation signal of thinking activity of the cortical neuron, so that the activity of the cortical neuron is sequentially activated one by one in order to form stepping chain activation, namely thinking, (the synchronous pulse plays a role in time sequence control similar to a central processor central clock signal in the field of electronic technology). Meanwhile, through pulse transmission from different neurons in the inner core of the plate to different neurons in different positions of the cortex, thinking activity is controlled to be switched among different neurons of the cortex, and directional transfer of 'attention' in the same type of information channels in thinking activity is formed. (see section 2 for a description of the essence of thinking and consciousness).

At the same time, the cortex also forms a downward projection to the plate core and simultaneously projects to the mesh core, which is convergent, i.e. more or less convergent projections, as opposed to the upward projection, but in the same position. The downward projection of cortex to the plate nucleus and the reticular nucleus is released, so that excitation is formed on neurons of the plate nucleus and the reticular nucleus, although the excitation is not the main factor determining the activation of the neurons, the excitation integration speed is influenced, and the release rhythm of the whole loop is influenced. When the cortex generates thinking activity, the cortex feeds back and sends to the plate core and the reticular core, and the activation and sending of the plate core and the reticular core neurons are accelerated through excitation and integration, so that the oscillation rhythm of the oscillation loop is improved.

Neurons projecting back and forth between the thalamic plate nucleus and the cortex belong to amino acid neurons, the single neuron action potential pulse is not enough to be emitted to directly excite and activate the projected cortical neurons to trigger action potentials, and only synergistic excitatory excitation can be generated, and cortical neurons need synergistic excitation of other excitatory stimuli, (namely, excitatory stimulation of other neurons activated before the thought chain activation pathway, and excitatory stimulation of other modulation neurons), so that the action potentials can be triggered through spatial integration and temporal integration. However, since the amino acid-competent neurons can produce synaptic plasticity in their firing events, their projection relationships (i.e., the connective structures) can be modified by neuronal activity, neurons between the thalamic nucleus and cortex may not only act as synchronized impulses, but may also be involved in the memory and integration of information.

⒊ capsule ⒍ projection and emission of the thalamic plate kernel to the cortex, and of the cortex to the plate kernel, although there is also impulse emission to and from the back, it does not constitute an oscillation loop in nature, but rather only the outward extension of the thinking oscillation loop of "mesencephalic mesh ← → thalamus" on the plate kernel nodes. If the projection relation between the thalamic network ← → thalamus is cut off, the oscillation loop of "mesencephalic network ← → thalamus" can still maintain oscillation, and conversely, if the projection relation between "mesencephalic network ← → thalamus" is cut off, the thalamic and cortical structures cannot be formed into reciprocal distribution. Wherein, the pulse of the plate kernel to the cortex forms a synchronous excitation signal of the thinking activity of the cortical neuron, and the feedback of the cortex to the plate kernel and the reticular kernel also forms feedback to the work of the thinking oscillation loop and possibly influences the oscillation rhythm thereof.

⒊ the neurons of the mesencephalon meshwork in the capsule ⒎, which determine the oscillating rhythm of the thought oscillatory loop and also control which group of neurons of the mesencephalon meshwork pulse into the thalamic nucleus. Absent more detailed anatomical data, applicant is currently unable to determine whether neurons projecting superiorly into the thalamus plateaus nucleus and neurons receiving descending projections of the reticulum nucleus in the mesencephalon reticular structure are the same group of neurons or the two groups? Applicants prefer to have two sets of neurons in front and back. However, whether it is the same group of neurons or two groups of neurons, the part of neurons of the mesencephalon reticular structure needs to receive excitation and modulation signals from several aspects simultaneously, including: the excitation of downward projection of the reticular cores is used for maintaining the continuous oscillation of the integrated oscillation loop; modulation from other modulating nerve nuclei and from other control loops for modulating the speed of excitement integration of neurons, thereby modulating the oscillation rhythm of the whole oscillation loop; excitation signals from each input information channel and the cortical downlink projection channel are used for controlling a certain group of neurons of a certain information channel to be activated firstly and then distributed to the thalamic board kernel according to the excitation degree (possibly timing sequence) of each information channel; and fourthly, carrying out inhibitory modulation on neurons from different information channels of the midbrain mesh structure, wherein when a certain group of neurons of the midbrain mesh structure are firstly activated to send pulses to the inner core of the thalamus plate, the neurons of other information channels of the midbrain mesh structure are simultaneously inhibited from being activated and sent no longer in the pulse period. The result of the integration, comparison and synergy of the excitation signal and the modulation signal in the aspects leads the thinking oscillation loop to have only one group of neurons in a certain information channel to synchronously pulse to the thalamus plate kernel at the same time, so that at the same time, the thalamus plate kernel only has one group of neurons to be activated and synchronously pulse to a certain part of neurons in a certain partition of the cortex to stimulate the thalamus plate kernel to generate thinking activity and simultaneously feed back and project to the sensory cortex to realize self perception of thinking and generate consciousness. Therefore, the brain forms a single 'attention' direction of the thinking system by sending synchronous pulses to only a part of neurons of the cortical thinking system at the same time through the hierarchical control of the 'middle brain reticular structure-thalamus-cortex', so as to stimulate the thinking activity of the part of neurons. This is also the mechanism by which the thinking system's "attention" is directed.

⒊ ⒊ input transfer channel of information. To analyze how the brain controls and switches the "attention" direction of various information, it is necessary to know the transmission path of various information input channels. The brain processes information including the perception of external sensory information and information internal to the body, and the main concern with thinking and "attention" is external information processing. The perception processing of the external information comprises two aspects: firstly, various external sensory information including vision, hearing, smell and the like come from various sensory organs, and different senses have different input transmission channels; the second is the intermediate information generated by the brain in the thinking process, the descending projection generated by the middle neuron from the cortex in the thinking activity, and the cortex in different areas has respective descending projection channels. For input transmission channels of various senses, a lot of researches are carried out before, and only by taking the more complex visual and auditory input channels as examples, the association relationship between the visual and auditory input channels and the thinking and the attention is analyzed.

⒊ ⒊ the input transmission channel of the server visual information. According to current anatomical studies, the output of the various visual sensory neurons of the retina, the optic nerve, divides into two major transmission pathways after the optic chiasm. (refer to the schematic diagram of the human brain visual channel signal projection structure of fig. 13).

The first visual transmission channel has a plurality of neurons to form a larger visual bundle, visual information containing specific contents is transmitted and is projected to a primary visual cortex through transfer of a thalamus lateral geniculate body, the specific afferent projection belongs to the cortex, the visual information is converted into a space position code by time coding and frequency coding, the primary recognition of various visual information (shape, size, position, color, brightness and the like) is completed, (the 'working mechanism of capsule wall passing cognition' is referred to above), and the visual information is projected to a combined visual cortex in a many-to-one mode, so that the recognition of visual objects is completed. Then, the direct visual information (specific objects, images, pictures and the like) is directly projected to the combined cortex to carry out memory, thinking and reaction activities, while the visual information related to characters is projected to the cortex of a reading center to complete the recognition of the characters, and then projected to the combined cortex to carry out language information memory and thinking activities. The combined visual cortex can also project directly to the motor cortex. The motor cortex and cerebellum (also like striatum) form a motor system, which is not a thought system, can be controlled by the output of the thought system, can reflect and control muscle movement directly according to visual information without the control of the thought system, and can carry out combined learning memory and reaction processing (the memory is also called programmed memory) to finish most of actions unconsciously carried out in daily life.

The second visual transmission pathway after the visual intersection is less neuronal but actually more important, and this transmission pathway actually includes at least three aspects: the method includes projecting to a hypothalamus. The projection transmits only bright and dark information among visual information, and forms a reflex circuit by supraoptic nuclei, tubercular nuclei, papillary nuclei, and the like of the hypothalamus, and performs modulated projection to a wide area of the thalamus and cortex, and downward to the brainstem and spinal cord, and the like, (belonging to histaminergic neurons), to form a day and night rhythm and control sleep and arousal. And projecting to the anterior region of the coping and then to the brain reticular structure. This projection does not contain specific visual information, i.e. non-specific projection, but only conveys the presence or absence and intensity of visual information (which should be conveyed by the firing frequency of action potentials), so the applicant refers to this neural projection as a "reporting" projection. This "reporter" signal is projected on the visual ascending channel of the mesencephalon network and "competes" with other "reporter" signals of different senses (auditory, olfactory, etc.) also projected on the network, if it can activate the visual ascending channel projected by the network to the thalamus, it "attracts" the attention of the network. The anterior region of the cap also has neurons projecting downward toward the eye for feedback accommodation of the crystalline lens, and the light intensity entering the eye is adjusted by pupillary reflex. And thirdly, projecting upward bulges. The superior colliculus and the primary visual cortex have the interconnection modulation of neurons, and the superior colliculus and the neurons are downward projected to the oculomotor nerve of the eye to carry out the control of the eye movement. Therefore, the applicant speculates that the function of the superior hill is to control which part of the visual information the particular "point of attention" is placed on, i.e. which position in the visual field, when the visual information is "attentive", whereas the superior hill controls the eye movement, which is the position on the retina where the focal point of the lens of the eye is projected.

Obviously, the second and third aspects are related to the thought of "attention", wherein the second aspect of projecting towards the anterior region of the cap is to cause the mesh structure to "pay attention" to the visual information, and the third aspect of projecting upward dune is to which position of the visual field the "point of attention" is projected. It is worth mentioning that: the projection of the superior colliculus to the oculomotor nerve directly controls the ocular motility of the eye without passing through the cortical motor region and the cerebellum. When dreaming, the thinking system generates neuron activity, but the output of motor nervous systems such as motor cortex, cerebellum and the like is inhibited, no body action is generated, only the eye movement nerve can be controlled by the motor system and can be directly controlled by the reticular structure and the superior mound, so the eye movement action can be generated along with the activity (dream environment) of the thinking system, and the reason of the eye movement action is also generated when dreaming. (dreaming is described further below).

⒊ ⒊ capsule-carrying auditory information input channels similar to this, as shown in FIG. 14: a first auditory transmission pathway (lateral thalamic conduction pathway) is relayed from the cochlea through the medial geniculate body to project toward the primary auditory cortex for the transmission of auditory information containing specific content; the second auditory transmission pathway (extrathalamic pathway) branches from the superior olivary nucleus and projects towards the brainstem network, which does not contain specific auditory content, but only transmits the presence or absence and intensity of auditory sensation, and also belongs to the "reporting" projection. This "report" signal "competes with other incoming" report "signals at the mesh structure to draw the mesh structure's" attention to the audible information. The two auditory transmission pathways are interconnected in the hypothalamus, which is also interconnected with neurons of the primary auditory cortex, so the applicant speculates that the hypothalamus functions to control the placement of the main "point of attention" of the auditory sense on which part of the auditory sense, i.e. at which location and in which frequency band, is when the auditory sense is "attended to". The input channels for other information (touch, smell, body sense, etc.) are similar to the visual and auditory channels and will not be described here.

⒊ ⒊ ⒊ there is currently no research relevant to the projection of intermediate information generated by the brain in thinking in conjunction with cortical interneuronal activity. Applicants have studied and analyzed that there are two aspects of this intermediate information in addition to projections to other intermediate neurons to continue mental activities: on one hand, the feedback projection is carried out on the joint sensory area of the cortex, so that intermediate information generated in the thinking activity is sensed again (in some cases, the intermediate information is also memorized and integrated), and the self-sensing of the brain to the thinking activity, namely the 'consciousness' is formed (see the content of the 'thinking and consciousness essence' part in the 2 nd part); on the other hand, a downward projection (amino acid-nervous) is a more or less convergent projection, i.e. the action of a plurality of interneurons on the cortex jointly excites a downward neuron, and should be group-specific, i.e. different groups of the cortex have their own projection paths, (this group is not limited to anatomically defined cortical partitions, but rather is plastically formed by the long-term activity of neurons, so called a group is more appropriate). As a result of the collective projection, such a projection signal does not contain specific information of the neuron activity, but only conveys whether the neurons of the corresponding group are active, and the activity level (conveyed by how fast the action potential firing frequency is). After the relay, the individual projection paths of the cortical descent enter the brainstem mesh structure, become "reporting" projections, and "compete" with other reporting signals to draw the mesh structure "attention" to the cortical neuron activity of the group. The meaning of this downward projection path of the cortex of the thinking system into the network is that this "attention" can maintain the midbrain network and thalamus to continue the synchronized pulsing of the cortex of the packet while the cortex of the packet is engaged in mental activities to continue the performance of mental activities of the packet.

⒊ ⒋ "note" control, maintenance, and switching. According to the research and analysis of the applicant, the control and switching of the "attention" direction in thinking activity is not previously thought to be generated in the telencephalon cortex at the top of information processing to control other parts of the brain, but generated and switched on the mesencephalon reticular structure to control the neuronal activity of other areas such as the thalamus and cortex. The switching pointed to by the thinking system "attention" is done on two levels: the brain network structure is responsible for switching the attention to which information channel, namely the attention to which information; the thalamus is responsible for directing "attention" to which specific location in the information channel, i.e. to which part of the information of this kind; the cortex, and especially telencephalic combined cortex, is only specifically processed under the control of "attention".

⒊ ⒋ control of the sense of "attention" with a transducer mesh structure. As described above, the neuronal activities of various information channels, including external input information channels (visual, auditory, olfactory, etc. channels) and cortical thinking channels, are collectively projected to the mesencephalon network structure by the neural output integrated by aggregation (many pairs and few pairs), and these projection channels only transmit the presence or absence and intensity of information stimulation (intensity is transmitted by the action potential delivery frequency), but do not contain specific information content, and belong to the "report" projection. The mesencephalon reticular structure is provided with a plurality of parallel ascending excitation paths which project to the thalamus, the 'report' type projections from various information channels are correspondingly received, the parallel ascending excitation paths mutually project and are mutually inhibited, and the phenomenon similar to 'competition' occurs: when a certain group of neurons are excited and activated at a certain moment and go upwards to the thalamus for pulse distribution, the output of the neurons inhibits the neurons of other channels, so that the neurons of other channels can not activate the output again in the same pulse period, and a unique 'attention' direction on the mesocerebral reticular structure layer is formed.

As to which group of neurons can be activated and emit a synchronization pulse upstream in a pulse cycle, it depends on the joint integration of several signals: signal from the non-specific "reporting" projection of each information input path, (this signal is the dominant one, and its strength plays a decisive role); the synchronous pulse delivery from the thalamic reticular nuclei downlrojection, (the oscillation for maintaining the oscillation loop continues, thus forming each pulse cycle); modulation of other neural activity from the brainstem and hypothalamus, (used to modulate the oscillatory rhythm of the entire oscillatory loop); fourth, inhibitory modulation from other neurons of the net structure (for "competition"); these signals are excited and integrated together, so that in a pulse period of the oscillation loop, excitation and integration of a certain group of neurons always trigger action potentials to be activated, namely the 'report' competition is successfully responded to and attracts 'attention', and then the activation output of the neurons immediately inhibits the neurons of other channels so that the neurons can not activate and output any more. Thereafter, the integration and competition process described above is again performed during the pulse cycle of the next pulse delivered downstream of the thalamic reticular nucleus. The method is repeated in cycles, so that in each pulse period, the 'report' competition of the mesocerebral reticular structure with only one information channel succeeds to attract 'attention', the mesocerebral reticular structure goes upwards to the thalamus board kernel for excitation pulse distribution, synchronous pulses required by information processing are projected to the information channel, and the control of which type of information the 'attention' of thinking activity points to is realized.

⒊ ⒋ bisect the thalamus controls the direction of "attention". In humans, the main function of the thalamus is relaying, including information relaying and synchronization pulse relaying. The specific relay nucleus group is responsible for information relay, mainly comprises an outer nucleus group, an abdominal nucleus group and a geniculate nucleus group, and is used for relaying and primarily processing information input with various senses (vision, auditory sense and the like); there are also the ventral anterior nucleus and the ventral lateral nucleus, which are used to convey intermediate information of the locomotor system. The projection of these specific relay nuclei into the cortex is "specific afferents", while what is responsible for the relaying of the synchronization pulses is the so-called "non-specific nuclei", and in fact the delivery of the synchronization pulses is of a specific projection relationship and therefore specific, except for the specificity of the delivery of the synchronization pulses and not the information content. The relay nuclear group of the synchronous pulse receives the synchronous pulse issued by the upward projection of the reticular structure, (cholinergic nerve projection), the output of the relay nuclear group sends out lateral branches to project to the reticular core on one hand, and then projects downwards to return to the brain stem reticular structure to form a closed-loop oscillation loop; on the other hand, the output of the relay nuclei is also projected to a plurality of areas such as cerebral cortex and basal ganglia, limbic system and cerebellum, (so-called non-specific afferent), synchronous excitation pulse is issued, and neurons for exciting and coordinately controlling the areas are subjected to thought and movement information processing and the like.

According to the analysis of the existing anatomical data, in the thalamus, the relay nuclei related to the synchronous pulse control mainly include the anterior thalamic nucleus group, a part of the medial nucleus group and the intralamellar nucleus group. Wherein, the anterior nucleus group and the inner nucleus group receive the synchronous pulse distribution of the brain stem-foot bridge covered reticular nucleus and the outer dorsal nucleus, the output of the synchronous pulse is projected to part of cerebral cortex and the cortex of the limbic system (especially the hippocampus and amygdala), and the synchronous pulse is mainly used for controlling the memory and the integration of the intermediate information of the thinking system and the emotional system; the plate kernel receives the synchronous pulse of the mesencephalon reticular structure, the output of the plate kernel is projected to a wide area of the terminal brain basal nucleus, the striatum and the terminal brain cortex, and the plate kernel is used for cooperatively controlling the information processing of the thinking system, namely the thinking activity, and the movement processing of the motor cortex of the part which can be controlled by the thinking system. Wherein the thalamic plate kernel is mainly involved in the attention control pathway of the thinking system: when a neuron of an information uplink projection channel of a brain reticular structure is activated and synchronous pulses are issued to the neuron at the position corresponding to the plate kernel, the part of the neuron of the plate kernel is activated by the issuance of the uplink synchronous pulses, and the axon output of the neuron is in an uplink manner in a divergent projection manner to issue the synchronous pulses to the neuron corresponding to the cortex, so that the part of the neuron which is projected and issued can obtain the cooperative excitation of the synchronous pulses to form excitation integration and perform chain activation, namely thinking activity. (intercourse of the intraplaque nucleus to the cortex is described in ⒊ and section ⒌). The thalamus reticular nucleus receives lateral branch projection of the inner core of the board and feedback projection of cortical thinking channel interneuron, and then descends to the mesencephalon reticular structure for feedback projection.

Therefore, the mesencephalon reticular structure, the thalamic board kernel and the thalamic reticular kernel form an attention control loop of the thinking system, receive signals projected in a report mode of each information channel, and synchronously send excitation pulses to neurons of part of the information channel of the thinking system so as to control attention pointing. The specific neuron projections are shown in fig. 15, and the signal projections of the respective channels are shown in fig. 16. The ascending emittance of the mesencephalon network structure determines which group of neurons of the thalamic plate kernel can activate the output, and the activation output of the group of neurons of the thalamic plate kernel determines which part of neurons of the cortex can perform information processing. The brain network structure is responsible for switching the attention to which information channel, namely the attention to which information; the thalamus is responsible for directing "attention" to which part of the neurons in the information channel, i.e., "attention" to which part of the information; the brain associates with the cortex to take charge of specific information processing (thinking and memory), and senses itself through the sensory cortex, i.e., to generate self "consciousness". For example, the mesencephalon network control directs "attention" to visual information, the thalamus control "pays attention" to which object in the visual picture, and the joint cortex is responsible for recognizing this object and at the same time "appreciating" the presence of this object by perceiving the activity of the joint cortex through the sensory cortex.

⒊ ⒋ ⒊ maintenance of "attention". When a thinking process is in progress, the cortical neuron activity of the thinking channel is in an excited state, and the activation actions of the neurons, in addition to continuing to shoot forward for chain activation, also generate two downward projection signals simultaneously through convergent projection: the first downlink signal is fed back and distributed to the thalamic board kernel, the board kernel continuously distributes the next synchronous pulse to the channel through excitation and integration so as to maintain the neuron of the channel to be continuously activated in a chain manner, and the first downlink signal also simultaneously sends lateral branches to be projected to the thalamic reticular nucleus so as to promote the oscillation loop to be continuously carried out (especially during high-rhythm oscillation); the second downlink signal is a "reporting" projection to the mesencephalon network, which maintains the continued "attention" of the mesencephalon network to the channel by competition. The two downlink projection signals jointly maintain the attention direction of the thinking control loop to the channel, which is the working mechanism of attention maintenance of thinking activity.

⒊ ⒋ ⒋ to "note" the switch. The "attention" is directed to the occurrence of a handover, presumably in the following cases.

Content of a thought activity changes. In the thinking process, the information content of the original thinking is associated or converted into information of other aspects, namely the neuron activity of the original thinking path is reflected to neurons of other aspects due to integration to cause excitation and activation of the part of neurons, and the activation of the part of neurons generates two paths of downlink projection signals according to the same mechanism, on one hand, the downlink projection signals are fed back and projected to the thalamus board kernel, so that the board kernel continuously emits the next synchronous pulse to the part of neurons, and the part of neurons can be maintained to continue to move; on the other hand, the 'report' projection is carried out on the mesencephalon reticular structure, and if the part of neurons do not belong to the same thought channel as the original thought channel, the 'attention' of the mesencephalon reticular structure to the new channel is attracted. Thus, the thinking is focused on and the thinking is switched among different ideas.

And competition of external input information. In thinking, if there is an input of external information, (see what, hear what, feel what, etc.), the input channel will "report" to the mesencephalon network through non-specific transmission, and see the signal strength if it can get "noticed". If the input information is strong, (such as seeing an accident, hearing a harsh sound, being irritated, etc.), this will be reflected in the action potential emission frequency of its "report" signal, so that it can make the excitation integration of the information channel neuron faster and trigger activation, and emit synchronous pulse to the thalamus upgoing, and at the same time suppress the previous "attention" channel, i.e. "compete" successfully and obtain the "attention" of the mesencephalon network structure to the information input. Thus far, the thought "attention" is directed to switching to the processing of the external input information.

And influence of other modulation paths. In the thinking process, the influence of modulation signals of other modulation channels, such as the state of the motor nervous system, the emotional influence of the emotional system, the sudden change of the internal organs and the endocrine system, the action of alcohol, drugs and other chemical substances, and the like, can influence the neuron activity of each information channel, thereby influencing the 'attention' control of the mesencephalon reticular structure on various information channels and causing the switching of 'attention' direction.

And fourthly, the neurons of the 'attention' control path are abnormal in operation. In particular, the effect of mutual inhibition between the upward projection paths of the respective information of the mesencephalon reticular structure is abnormal. In this case, if a certain information channel successfully draws "attention" and the effective suppression of other information channels cannot be maintained during information processing, the other information channels may be accidentally activated to draw "attention", and the "attention" cannot be continuously maintained by the mesencephalon mesh structure but abnormally switched among different information channels. This is macroscopically manifested by difficulty in concentration and short duration of attention, and the brain is unable to concentrate on something, which becomes a mental disorder, i.e., a "attention" deficit. (see the mental illness section below, for a description of "attention" deficit (ADD)).

⒊ ⒋ ⒌ overview, the thought control loop controls, maintains, and switches the "attention" direction of the thought system. The brain network is responsible for directing the "attention" of information processing to "which kind of" information: the synchronization pulse sent back and forth up and down between the "midbrain mesh ← → thalamus" is compared and integrated with the input signal strength (action potential sending frequency) of various external information and intermediate information, so that the partition and grouping positions of the ascending excitation pulse of the mesh sent to the thalamus plate kernel are changed to select and turn to the "which kind" of information channel, (for example, to point to the vision, the hearing, the touch, etc., or to point to the intermediate information channel in which the cortex is thinking). While the thalamus is responsible for directing the "attention" of the information processing to "which part" in the same type of information channel: when a group of neurons in a certain partition of the thalamus are excited by the pulse emitted upwards from the reticular structure, the neurons are activated and emit synchronous excitation pulses to the part of neurons projected on the cortex, and the part of neurons on the cortex is enabled to perform chain activation, namely thinking activity, through excitement integration, so that the attention of the thinking activity is controlled to the information corresponding to the part of neurons, (for example, the attention of a person in visual information, the attention of a sound in a plurality of sounds, and the attention of the content of the aspect in the thinking activity). While the cortex is responsible for specific information processing: the interneurons corresponding to the information elements on the combined cortex are activated sequentially one by one or in groups step by step under the stimulation of sending synchronous pulses of the thalamus to form chain activation, so that the functions of identifying, thinking, reacting and memorizing information by the brain are realized (for example, who the person is, what the sound says, what the problem is, and the like); and simultaneously project to the sensory cortex, through which the combined cortical activity is perceived, forming a self-perception of mental activity, i.e., "awareness" (e.g., recognizing the presence of that person, recognizing that sound, recognizing what thinking "i" is doing, etc.).

⒊ ⒋ ⒍ switching speed of attention and brain electricity "N400" potential. For normal thinking activity, thinking can proceed at a faster rate because of chain activation between related neurons in the joint cortex, relying on the activation of synchronized pulses delivered by the thalamus to the cortex, and with enhanced modulation (in excitatory or tonic thinking), the speed of chain activation of thinking can reach more than a dozen steps per second, i.e., each step takes less than a hundred milliseconds. However, for the switching of the "attention" direction, whether the switching is performed between different unrelated sensory information from the outside, or between different unrelated thinking contents from the thinking process, or between different internal and external information, a certain information needs to get new "attention", the neurons of the information channel are required to be activated and released first, then the information is projected to the mesencephalon reticular structure for "reporting", then the mesencephalon reticular structure is excited and integrated and competes with the previous "attention" channel, the ascending nerves of the channel of the mesencephalon reticular structure are projected and released to the thalamus plate kernel after the competition succeeds, and the plate kernel is synchronously pulsed and released to the neurons related to the information on the cortex, so that the perception or thinking related to the information can be generated, and the "attention" is attracted ". Therefore, the speed of the "attention" switch is relatively slow, with a time consumption estimated to be in the order of several hundred milliseconds.

The applicant speculates that the change and delay of the neural activity of the control loop caused by the brain when the brain switches to the "attention" direction between different information without relevance is the cause of the event evoked potential "N400" in the brain electrical study: when a sentence is read without meaning and words without relevance are at the end of the sentence, or when two completely irrelevant pictures are presented, the brain switches attention between two different pieces of information which cannot be imagined, namely without relevance, so that delay and change of synchronous pulse distribution of a thinking control loop are triggered, and an electroencephalogram evoked potential N400 phenomenon is generated. Since the "attention" direction of the thinking system occurs in the input perception, recognition and intermediate processing links of information, regardless of the motion output, the "N400" of the Wernicke aphasia, i.e., sensory aphasia patient, is not generated, while the "N400" of the Broca aphasia, i.e., motor aphasia patient, can be generated.

⒊ ⒌ think about the rhythmic changes of the oscillatory loop and the effects on the brain's work.

⒊ ⒌ use the variation of the delivery rhythm of the transducer oscillation loop. The oscillation loop forms a sustainable synchronous pulse through the cyclic release of the 'midbrain reticular structure → thalamic nucleus → mesencephalic reticular structure', and the release rhythm of the oscillation loop, or the release frequency of the synchronous pulse, is affected and modulated by a plurality of signals, so as to form the passive change and active adjustment of the release rhythm of the oscillation loop. These modulated signals include: the method includes performing downlink projection from cortical neurons. When the thalamus plate kernel sends synchronous pulses to the cortex, if the neuron of the cortex carries out thinking activity, the cortex can feed back and send the pulses to the thalamus plate kernel and the reticular nucleus, and the sending rhythm of the loop is accelerated. And the interactive modulation of neuronal activity from other brain nuclei. For example, modulation from a "mood" processing system (another information processing system in the brain) when the mood is excited will accelerate the firing rhythm of the loop through the effect on the oscillating loop neuron activity. And thirdly, interactive modulation of a "lower loop control loop" from the brain stem network structure (positive middle region) ← → hypothalamus. The ' lower loop control loop ' is responsible for controlling and regulating the endocrine of the human body and the work of internal organs, the working state of the ' lower loop control loop ' forms the physical condition of the human body, and the working state of the ' lower loop control loop can modulate the thinking control loop, so that the change of the physical condition can also form the influence on the oscillation rhythm of the thinking path. Fourthly, influence of nerve conditioning and drugs. For example, alcohol, drugs, etc. can affect the transmission and integration of excitation by the neurons of the loop, thereby affecting the oscillating rhythm of the loop.

⒊ ⒌ depend on the relationship between the oscillatory rhythm of the oscillatory loop and the state of brain operation. The oscillating rhythm of the thought oscillatory loop, i.e. the rhythm in which the thalamus sends synchronized pulses to the cortex, determines the working state of the brain's thought system.

The cortical neuron is excited, integrated and activated quickly when the synchronous pulse release rhythm is more than 14 Hz, nerve activity is active, and the brain is in a state of tension excitement or quick thinking. If the synergistic effect of the modulation signals of other modulation channels is simultaneously carried out, the amino acid energy neuron can also generate memory effect. (in the cortex of the hippocampal structure, high-rhythmic synchronized pulse excitation can cause aminoergic neurons to burst high-threshold V1.2 subtype action potentials, causing the neurons to develop long-term synaptic plasticity, forming long-term memory-see the description of the specification of Applicant's 2014106066977 patent application for the mechanism of burst of different subtype action potentials in neurons).

Secondly, when the synchronous pulse delivery rhythm is 8-13 Hz, the brain is in a state of waking, calming or eye closing due to the medium membrane integration and activity speed of the neurons, no specific 'attention' is provided, no tension thinking activity is performed, a thinking segment can be generated, but most of the contents of the thinking process are not memorized.

When the rhythm of synchronous pulse delivery is 4-7 Hz, although excitation and integration of partial neurons of cortex can be excited and integrated and activated by excitation of synchronous pulses, the excitation and integration are slow, the neurons are inactive, and a continuous activation chain cannot be formed, so that although the brain still has consciousness, the brain still has slow response to various stimuli, fuzzy thinking and no memory of the contents of the thinking process. This is the case when the brain is just before sleep, or is very drowsy, or has a poor physical condition.

Fourthly, when the synchronous pulse sending rhythm is 0.5-3 Hz, although the thalamus still sends synchronous pulses to the cortex, the pulse sending rhythm is low, the interval period between the pulses is too long (hundreds of milliseconds to thousands of milliseconds), so that the cortical neurons can only generate membrane excitation, but the excited membrane integration can not reach the trigger threshold of action potential all the time, so the cortical neurons can not be continuously activated and transmitted, and the brain loses attention and thinking activities at this time, and does not have consciousness. This occurs in a state of deep brain sleep (i.e., slow wave sleep), or coma, or anesthesia.

Fifthly, the synchronous pulse sending rhythm is 0, namely the action potential sending of the thinking oscillation loop of the brain is completely stopped, at the moment, the nerve activities of the midbrain, the thalamus and the cortex are stopped, no response is made to stimulation, and the brain loses high-level functions, so that the brain death belongs to the brain death defined in the medical science at present. It should be noted that although the electroencephalogram is an equipotential line, i.e. no brain wave is received, it is only thought that the oscillation loop stops synchronous pulse emission, if the brain death is mainly caused by cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, and the death time is not long, in this case, most neurons of the brain still do not lose cell activity, so the organism still does not completely lose biological activity, and if the normal blood and oxygen supply to the brain can be recovered, and at the same time, the proper electrical pulse stimulation is applied to the neurons of the key link of the oscillation loop, it is still possible to re-excite the action potential emission of the neurons, recover the round trip emission of the oscillation loop, and re-activate the work of the brain.

It should be noted that the rhythm of synchronous pulse sent from thalamus to cortex, although determining the speed of cortical thinking activity, is not equal to the step speed of thinking neuron chain activation, because action potential triggering of neuron may require simultaneous excitation of several synchronous pulses to complete excitation integration (integration of time summation), and once triggering of neuron, because of synapse facilitation, it is easy to generate continuous multiple action potential issues, so they are not in one-to-one correspondence.

⒊ ⒍ influence of various modulation pathways on thinking. Thinking is the activity of cortical neurons, which is defined by the connection structure of the relevant neurons, (i.e. the structure of information memory, including knowledge, events, experience, etc., which forms the basis of memory), and by the real-time control of the synchronous excitation pulses of the thinking system 'attention' control loop, forming a stepwise chain activation of a single pathway, and this activity is modulated by other modulation pathways. The modulation produced by these modulation pathways, unlike the synchronized pulses, is controlled in real time, but is slow and sustained, affecting membrane integration and action potential issuance by affecting the release, uptake and activity of ion channels of transmitters from neurons of the chain-link activation pathways, thereby affecting mental activity.

⒊ ⒍ function as an influence of the emotional system on thinking. The brain emotion system receives a plurality of input information, including external sensory information such as vision, smell, hearing, touch and the like, also including intermediate information of a thinking system, and also including non-external sensory information from the inside of the body, generates various senses, outputs various modulation signals through various monoaminergic nerve nuclei, acts on the thinking system, and influences thinking (thinking). When the interneuron of thinking system carries out chain activation, even if the interneuron receives the same excitation signal from the front and the same synchronous pulse signal from the thalamus, the modulation effect of the posterior neuron is different, so that the conditions of membrane integration and action potential triggering are different, different posterior neurons are triggered, and the chain activation is carried out towards different directions (for example: a → b → c or a → b → d), thereby generating different ideas. Therefore, the brain produces different thinking results in the same situation and with different moods. (the emotional system widely affects the motor nervous system, endocrine nervous system, and visceral nervous system, as will be described later, in addition to the thinking.

⒊ ⒍ contribute to the modulation of sleep and wakefulness. The modulating signals that control the brain to sleep and wake are mainly from the histamine neuronuclear mass of the hypothalamus. The vision from retina to transmit light information is transmitted to the supraoptic nucleus projected to the hypothalamus to form a reflection loop with the tubercle nucleus, the papillary nucleus and the like, to generate a signal of day and night rhythm change, and then to modulate with the signal of the network structure oscillation rhythm, and output a modulation signal for controlling sleep and wakefulness. This modulated signal is broadly projected up the thalamus, cerebellum, limbic system and cortex (including sensory cortex, combined cortex, motor cortex, etc.) and down the brainstem and spinal cord to modulate neuronal activity for sleep and arousal control. Its action is mostly inhibitory modulation to reduce the activity level of neurons. For example, the input of various sensory information from the outside and the body is suppressed by projecting a pathway to the sensory cortex, the mental activity is suppressed by projecting a pathway to the thalamus and cortex, various motor outputs are suppressed by projecting a pathway to the cerebellum and spinal cord, the visceral and endocrine activities of the body are regulated by projecting a pathway to the hypothalamus and brainstem, and the like. When these modulation pathways are normally brought together or taken off, the brain can normally switch between sleep and awake states, and when the modulation pathways are not coordinated, it can lead to abnormal and interesting manifestations of the brain, such as dreaming, sleepwalking, insomnia. (the mechanism of occurrence of these phenomena will be described separately later).

⒊ ⒍ ⒊ influence of the biochemical environment of the brain on thinking. The presence and concentration of various biochemical substances within the brain constitute the biochemical environment of the brain. These biochemical substances include two broad classes: one class of biochemical substances is secreted by the body itself and is used to control and regulate the operation of various organs and systems of the body, i.e., the endocrine system, (and indeed, various neurotransmitters and neuromodulators). Another class of biochemical substances is not produced by the body itself, but the body senses the presence and amount of these biochemical substances and processes them by the action of the nucleus pulposus of the hypothalamus-carrying nerve to control and regulate the operation of the various organs and systems of the body. Such as oxygen in the blood, carbon dioxide, blood sugar, alcohol, various drugs and drugs, etc. If the reaction processes of the two biochemical substances are combined, the two biochemical substances can also be collectively called a biochemical reaction system of the brain.

The modulation and influence of the biochemical environment of the brain on thinking mainly go through two major ways: firstly, the influence on the activity of the network structure neurons influences the back-and-forth oscillation rhythm of the thinking oscillation loop, thereby influencing the neuron activity state of the thinking system. (see "⒊ ⒌ detailed discussion of the relationship between the oscillatory rhythm of the thought capsule and the brain's operating conditions"). Secondly, the neuron activity affecting the thinking system is directly modulated by projecting various modulating neurons to the thalamus and cortex (including hippocampal cortex and actually cerebellar cortex of the motor system) through various monoaminergic neuron nuclei on the hypothalamus, the midbrain and the diencephalon. The influence of biochemical environment of brain on thinking is not isolated action of single path but comprehensive action of multiple paths due to diversity and complexity of biochemical substances, which not only influences the working state of thinking oscillation loop, but also modulates related regions by modulating neurons to generate synergistic action.

⒊ ⒍ ⒋ influence of the visceral nervous system on thinking. The visceral nervous system of the brain senses the working state of each viscera through visceral sensory nerves, performs reflex processing through some nerve nuclei of the brainstem, the hypothalamus and the like, and controls and regulates the working of the viscera through sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves. The operation of the visceral nervous system affects mental activity in two ways: one is also in the link of the brainstem network structure, which influences the thinking oscillation loop of the thinking system, thereby influencing the thinking activity of the thinking system. Secondly, the biochemical environment of the brain is influenced, and the thinking of the thinking system is influenced by the biochemical environment. (see ⒊ ⒍ ⒊ above).

⒊ ⒎ think of the "hippocampal" medial information processing loop of the system. The "mesencephalon reticular structure-thalamus platensis kernel and reticular nucleus-cortex" are the most extensive control loops related to the thalamus, and perform the control of the "attention" direction and working state of the thinking system. There is another very important control loop in the thalamus, namely a synchronous pulse control loop of "brainstem network-anterior thalamic nucleus and medial dorsal nucleuses-thalamic nucleus-brainstem network", and constitutes a "hippocampal" intermediate information processing loop of the thinking system together with the cingulate gyrus of cortex and hippocampal-related structures. This processing loop, which is relatively independent but can be said to belong to a branch of the thought control loop, serves a refining and complementary role, and is not directly involved in the recognition and cognition of various external sensory information, but only in the intermediate processing and integration of intermediate information of the thought system following the joint sensory cortex, in particular in the short-term memory (both short-term and long-term memory) of the intermediate information.

⒊ ⒎ the nerve projection structure with this loop is shown in figure 17. Wherein, the brain stem reticular structure (which seems to be the nucleus of the midbrain tegmental capsule) projects to the anterior thalamic nucleus (and the inner dorsal nucleuses) (cholinergic neuron), the anterior thalamic nucleus projects to the thalamic reticular nucleus, and the reticular nucleus feeds back and projects downwards to the brain stem reticular structure, so as to form a circulating oscillation loop of the brain stem reticular structure-the anterior thalamic nucleus-the thalamic reticular nucleus-the brain stem reticular nucleus, and form the back and forth distribution of the excitation pulse. This oscillatory loop carries out synchronous excitation pulse emission (amino acid energy nerves) in the anterior thalamic nucleus (and medial dorsal nucleus) to the cortical cingulate gyrus, which projects downward to the anterior thalamic nucleus and the thalamic reticular nucleus, and the emission and control mechanism of the synchronous excitation pulse is similar to the 'attention' control loop formed by the mesencephalic reticular structure-the thalamic lamina nucleus, etc. In the aspect of information transmission processing, other cortical areas of the brain have extensive bidirectional projections particularly combining cortex and cingulate gyrus, and the cingulate gyrus and the inner olfactory region of the hippocampus structure have bidirectional projections, so that the bidirectional information transmission processing is realized. Inside the hippocampus, the information input into the hippocampus is integrated through a loop of 'inner olfactory region-dentate gyrus-CA 3-CA 1-inferior cortex-inner olfactory region', and is projected to the inner olfactory region again and then output to the cingulate gyrus, so that the intermediate integration processing of the information of the cortex is realized, and the intermediate integration processing is actually the connection relation between neurons in time sequence. The inferior support of the hippocampus has a downward projection directly into the brainstem network and an indirect downward projection through the hypothalamic papillary nuclei, which act like a "reporter" projection. When the "attention" control loop of the thinking system switches "attention" to the "hippocampal medial information processing channel", i.e. neural activity of the thinking system is concentrated in the medial information integration process related to the hippocampal structure, this processing channel of the hippocampus is used for detailed "attention" control of the thinking process and integration process of the medial information, i.e. declarative information.

⒊ ⒎ capsule is particularly important, the information processing of hippocampal structures is also controlled by the nerve projections of the medial septal and oblique zonal nuclei of the septal zone, which belong to cholinergic nerves, and the excitatory transmission of which has the characteristics of rapidity and intensity, and can make the controlled neurons form strong membrane excitation and burst the high threshold action potential of V1.2 subtype, thereby generating synaptic plasticity (STDP plasticity) of the neurons, and forming memory effect. (see below for details on "⒋ ⒍ different neurotransmitter neurons in different roles in brain information processing"). Therefore, under the control of "attention", neurons in the hippocampal structure can directly generate synaptic plasticity to form memory, so-called hippocampal memory, when performing an integration process of intermediate information. Note that this is different from the neuronal work of the thought system on the combined cortex: in the information processing channel of the combined cortex, the information transmission integration of the intermediate neurons does not directly receive the direct projection of cholinergic nerves of the mesencephalon reticular structure, but is controlled by synchronous excitation pulses emitted by the inner core of the thalamus plate, the inner core of the thalamus plate projects amino acid neurons to the cortex, and the excitation transmission of the neurons is not fast and strong enough like the neurons of the information processing channel, and in most cases, the high threshold action potential of the V1.2 subtype is difficult to trigger, but only the low threshold action potential of the V1.6 subtype is triggered, and the action potential is only transmitted to axons in a single direction to form thinking activity, but cannot be transmitted to cell bodies and dendrites in a reverse direction, so that synaptic plasticity cannot be generated. The memory effect of these neurons needs to depend on the structural change of synapses between neuron connections, the generation of synapse reconstruction and even the generation of new synapses, etc. to change the connection structure of neurons, which requires longer time and more information stimulation, but once it is formed, the stability is higher, so the memory formed by the thinking system on the joint cortex can be called long-term memory or permanent memory. The memory formed by the hippocampal structure depends on long-term plasticity of synapses and can be quickly formed, but the stability is low, and the effective period is short, so that the memory is called long-term memory or short-term memory.

⒊ ⒎ ⒊ the process by which the brain develops declarative memory is: when new declarative information is input into the cerebral combined cortex, under the control of the 'attention' direction, the information is firstly projected to the hippocampus through the cingulate gyrus and the entorhinal region, and under the synchronous pulse excitation of the cholinergic nerve of the amino acid energy nerve on the hippocampus structure emitted by the medial septal nucleus and the cholinergic nerve of the oblique angle zone, a connection channel for information processing is formed by depending on STDP synaptic plasticity, namely short-term memory is generated; if such information is input or recalled multiple times, the amino acid neurons in the combined cortex are repeatedly excited and stimulated to produce structural changes in synaptic connections, i.e., synaptic remodeling, which includes the death of synapses and the generation of new synapses, forming a direct pathway for information processing, i.e., long-term memory. Once cortical neurons form a direct channel, information transmission no longer passes through the indirect connecting channels of the hippocampal structure, and the indirect connecting channels on the hippocampal structure are weakened due to no information transmission and finally fail, and relevant neurons are released to establish new short-term memory. Therefore, the hippocampal structure plays a key and indispensable role as a transitional bridge in the formation and transformation of short-term memory into long-term memory, which is ultimately preserved in the cerebral cortex. This transition from hippocampal short-term memory to cortical long-term memory requires a process that is related to the relevance of the information, the time and frequency of the information stimulus. When the cholinergic nucleus in the septal region is insufficient in the releasing function, the formation of hippocampus structures and the capacity of maintaining memory are affected, so that amnesia is caused, and when the hippocampus is extirpated, for example, a famous amnesia patient H.M., the brain cannot form new long-term memory, and the previous memory is subjected to time-stratified retrograde amnesia. (for a more detailed description of hippocampal and cortical memories, reference may be made to the description of the Chinese patent application "simulation apparatus and method of neural network" filed previously by the applicant under application number 2014106066977, for the nature and formation of memory, the difference between short-term and long-term memory, and the contents of the transformed part).

It should be noted that septal nuclei, scalene zone nuclei, and also Meynert basal nuclei also perform cholinergic nerve projections on the sensory and motor cortices, so that the cerebral cortex can directly remember external sensory information and motor outputs, regardless of the hippocampal structure. However, when these cholinergic nerves work abnormally, how to affect the work of the thinking system, including the mechanism and process of inducing brain aging and senile dementia, the applicant has also disclosed in detail related patent applications relating to drugs for treating brain aging and senile dementia.

⒊ ⒎ ⒋ the hippocampal structures also work in parallel with modulation of the projections of nerves from the amygdala, the emotional system, and noradrenergic neurons, 5-HT neurons, from the locus ceruleus, the dorsal raphe nucleus of the midbrain. This is the same as the "⒊ ⒍ multiple modulation path effects on thinking" described above.

⒋ other control systems of the brain. In addition to the thinking system, the brain has several other nervous systems, especially the motor nervous system. Strictly speaking, the motor nervous system is a nervous system formed earlier by animals and used for controlling the actions of the animals according to environmental information so as to realize activities such as foraging, avoiding risks and the like, and the thinking system is an information combined processing system which is evolved on the basis of the motor nervous system and used for integrally processing various external information, particularly intermediate information so as to coordinate and control motion output. In human beings, the intermediate information processing system has been evolved to be extremely complex and detailed due to the appearance of languages, which is more important.

⒋ function as the motor nervous system. The motor cortex, cerebellum, striatum, spinal cord and the like form a motor nervous system of the brain, and are used for controlling the motor action of the body according to input information and learning and memorizing the process. The motor cortex reflects or reacts according to input information, outputs motion information of space position codes, outputs control signals of time codes and frequency codes under the cooperative integration of cerebellum, and controls muscles to finish various specific motions by projecting the control signals to spinal cords in a descending manner through a cone system.

⒋ includes two sources, with the input information comprising the motor nervous system: the motor cortex controls the muscle to perform motor action by direct reflection and reaction according to the sensory information projected by the sensory cortex, including unconditional reflection, conditioned reflection and combined reaction through learning and memory, and the control is independent of a thinking system, so that the control does not need attention and consciousness. Most actions we can perform unconsciously in daily life belong to this. The second is the output projection of the interneuron from the combined cortical thinking system, which is the output result of the brain thinking activity. Under the state of 'awareness' and 'attention', what we actively 'want' to do is the situation according to the needs or results of thinking.

The "conscious" actions can form a programmed action combination consisting of a plurality of actions having a chronological relationship after being used (i.e., learned) for a plurality of times, and form memory, so-called "programmed memory". In this case, the combination of procedural actions does not require the attention and control of the system, and the actions with "consciousness" can be converted into actions without "consciousness" because the actions with "consciousness" can be completed unconsciously after the activation upon receiving the conditional stimulus. The habitual movements of our daily lives and studies, including various skills such as walking, eating, swimming, skating, cycling, etc., are learned, memorized, and finally transformed into unconscious skills through the mechanism. (see description below).

⒋ reflects through the grooves for motion information through the tattoo, a currently popular theoretical belief proposed by Parent (1996): two nerve loops, namely a direct loop and an indirect loop, exist between cortex, a corpus striatum and a thalamus, the nerve projection of the direct loop is 'cortex-corpus pallidum inside part/substantia nigra reticular part-thalamus platensis core-cortex', the nerve projection of the indirect loop is 'cortex-corpus striatum-globus outside part/substantia nigra reticular part-hypothalamus-globus inside part-thalamus ventral precore-cortex', the two loops jointly act on the same motor nerve output to coordinate and control the same action. When the substantia nigra Dopamine (DA) nerve is used to coordinate both circuits, normal motor action is produced, and when DA is absent, only the indirect circuit functions, decreasing the excitability of the cortical motor nerve, which involves the initiation and execution of motor action, thus causing akinesia or bradykinesia, Parkinson's Disease (PD).

The applicant has conducted research and analysis, without wishing to be bound by this theory, and believes that: the two neural circuits existing between cortex, corpus striatum and thalamus represent two different motor controls, namely "conscious movement" and "unconscious movement". Wherein: the direct loop represents a control loop of conscious action, a motion information processing main channel of the loop is composed of amino acid energy nerves, a projection loop is ' cortex-corpus striatum-globus pallidum (mainly inner part) ' -thalamus plateus kernel-cortex ', and the substantia nigra dopamine nerves only has a modulation effect on the loop. The direct circuit passes through the thalamus plateaus kernel, which is controlled by the "attention" directional control loop of the thinking system, and the synchronous excitation pulses are emitted by the mesencephalon network structure, which involves the input, competition and reaction of various conscious sensory information of the auditory, visual and thinking processes (see the content of the control mechanism of the ⒊ brain thinking activity), and involves the "attention", i.e., "conscious" neural activity, including the perception, thinking, speaking, writing, and such "conscious" motor actions. The indirect loop represents a control loop of 'unconscious action', and a main channel of the loop is also formed by amino acid energy nerves and comprises 'cortex-corpus striatum-globus pallidum (mainly, lateral parts) -anterior nucleus ventralis-cortex'. The dopaminergic nerve of the substantia nigra just modulates the loop, the hypothalamus and the covered reticular structure form an oscillating loop which is sent back and forth, and the hypothalamus sends synchronous excitation pulses to the globus pallidus to excite and coordinate and control the nerve activity of the globus pallidus. This indirect loop does not pass through the thalamic nucleus, and therefore does not need to be controlled by the thought system "attention" pointing to the control loop, and involves motion that does not need "attention", i.e. is not "conscious", i.e. various habitual movements in daily life including skills.

The main channel of information processing of the indirect loop is also composed of amino acid energy nerves, but the loop passes through the anterior nucleus of the thalamus ventral nucleus, and the anterior nucleus of the thalamus ventral nucleus is also directly projected by the septal nucleus of the septal region and the cholinergic nerve of the cord nucleus, and because the excitation pulse emitted by the cholinergic nerve is transmitted rapidly and excitatory, the amino acid nerve which is directly projected can trigger the high threshold action potential of V1.2 subtype, the action potential is transmitted to the axon in a forward direction and transmitted to the dendrite in a reverse direction, and synaptic plasticity is generated, so that the memory effect of action information is generated on the nerve projection path of globus pallidus-anterior nucleus of thalamus ventral nucleus, namely, the procedural memory is generated.

The direct loop and the indirect loop are also projected in a cross way on the globus pallidus, so that the 'conscious action' and 'unconscious action' controlled by the direct loop and the indirect loop are coordinated and fused here, and a mechanism for starting, learning and memorizing the movement is formed: firstly, a new motion action is started and carried out by a direct loop, namely a thinking system, and then the motion action is a conscious action; secondly, after repeated or practice for many times, the nerve activity of the movement can form a memory relation to the movement, namely procedural memory, in the globus pallidus of the tattoo depending on synaptic plasticity (STDP plasticity); thirdly, once the programmed memory is formed, the action can be completed through an indirect loop, and the conscious action can be converted into unconscious action without participation and attention of a direct loop belonging to a thinking system; fourthly, if the action is continuously repeated or exercised, on the motor cortex, neurons related to the action generate structural changes of synaptic connection relation among the neurons due to continuous excitation and activation, including changes of synaptic structure and strength, and also including synapse death and new synapse generation, so as to form cortical memory of the motor action, namely long-term memory; once cortical memory is formed, the motor action does not pass through the indirect path of the tattoo any more, and the relevant neurons of this path can release short-term memory for establishing other new actions. Therefore, the tattoo (mainly globus pallidus) plays a key and indispensable role as a transitional bridge in the formation of short-term memory and transformation into long-term memory of action memory (also known as procedural memory). If the vein is damaged, the brain cannot form new action memory, and the former action memory also has time-stratified retrograde memory loss. The mechanism of formation of memory (procedural memory) of this motor action is almost the same as that of the formation of short-term memory and long-term memory of declarative memory. (see the contents of the "hippocampal" medial information processing loop "part of the' ⒊ ⒎ thinking system, above).

As to the modulating effect of the substantia nigra DA nerves on the striatal pathways of motor action, and how to influence the initiation and progression of motor action when insufficient DA action is caused by damage to the substantia nigra, the applicant will disclose in another patent application relating to the treatment of parkinson's disease.

⒋ use a synchronous pulse control loop of the motor ⒊ nervous system. The synchronous pulse control loop acting on the motor nervous system is not mentioned in the previous brain nerve research, but the analysis of the applicant considers that the motor nervous system needs synchronous pulses to excite and coordinate the activity of control neurons, and the synchronous pulse control loop exists independently of the thinking system. Both have similar structures and mechanisms of operation and are interdigitated in that "conscious" actions of the output of the thought system need to be projected to the motor system for execution, while some of the output actions of the motor system are also projected to the thought system to be "attended to" by it.

The control loop of the thinking system, which is analyzed by ⒋ chang zhang, involves the control of the motor nervous system through the "conscious action" part of the direct loop of the tattoo, is formed by "mesencephalon mesh ← → thalamus" to make an oscillation loop to and fro, which is extended outward by the inner core of thalamus plate to make synchronous pulse to and fro with the cerebral cortex to stimulate and control the activity of the neurons of cerebral cortex. In addition, the applicant has analyzed that, since the motor nervous system also includes two major parts, the motor cortex-striatum loop and the cerebellum, the synchronous pulse control is divided into two parts, but the two parts are connected with each other: the method comprises the steps that in the part of unconscious action of an indirect loop of a sports cortex through a tattoo, a synchronous pulse control loop is used for reciprocating and giving (cholinergic nerve) by an oscillation loop formed by a quilt cover net structure ← → a basal thalamus); then the subthalamic nucleus (the action of which is similar to that of the intradiscal nucleus of the thalamus) extends outwards to perform synchronous excitation pulse back and forth emission with the tattoo (mainly globus pallidus) (amino acid can be used for nerve) so as to excite and control the neuron activity of the globus pallidus of the tattoo; the globus pallidus performs a convergent feedback projection to the basal thalamic reticular nucleus (which appears to be the red nucleus or the foot nucleus, which acts like the thalamic reticular nucleus) and then projects downward to the tegumentary reticular structure, maintaining the oscillation of the loop. And the lower olivary nucleus is subjected to synchronous excitation pulse reciprocating emission to Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex through creeping fibers, (amino acid energy nerves) so as to excite and control the activity of the cerebellar cortical neurons. And the lichen fibers from the nucleus pulposus of the pons are the paths for transmitting and integrating the motion information, including learning and memory, through the cross connection of the granular cells and the Purkinje cells. (refer to the schematic signal projection structure of the motor nervous system control loop of fig. 18).

The two parts of the motion system are controlled by synchronous pulses, although different projection channels exist, the two parts are unified (at least closely related) on the origin of synchronous pulse transmission, namely a covered mesh structure, so that the pulse transmission of the two parts has a coordination relationship to realize that the signals output by the motion of the motor cortex and the motion of the cerebellum are kept in coordination. (or, motor cortex sync pulse control and cerebellar sync pulse control, essentially just two delivery directions of the same sync pulse control loop of the motor system.

The motor nervous system synchronous pulse control loop projects the issued synchronous pulse to the motor cortex and cerebellum, and the applicant conjectures that the action is as follows: the space coding action signal output by the motor cortex is projected to neurons which are closely arranged in cerebellum, and is converted into output signals of time coding and frequency coding under the synergistic action of synchronous pulses so as to control muscles to perform accurate movement. And secondly, through a working mechanism similar to the attention formation and switching of a thinking system, the action output of the motor cortex and the cerebellum is coordinated and controlled, and the contradiction and the conflict of the action output are avoided. And thirdly, controlling the pulse emission rhythm output by the motor cortex and the cerebellar neuron by synchronizing the pulse emission rhythm, thereby controlling the speed of the movement action of the organism. (similar to thinking systems that control the rate of stepping of mental activities by synchronizing the pulse delivery rhythms).

⒋ has ⒋ motor cortex (including two loops through the corpus striatum) as the output area of the motor nervous system, outputs motion signals through the descending output fibers of the cone system, controls the body to perform various motions, but is coordinated by the cerebellum for the procedures and details of how each motion is specifically completed. The information processed by the motor cortex is still space position coded, that is, various motion information is transmitted and reflected according to the neuron activity of different positions of the space structure, the output of the motor cortex is simultaneously projected and input to the cerebellum, the cerebellum converts the space coded information into motion potential pulses with different emitting time and emitting frequency under the synergistic action of synchronous pulses, parallel signals similar to the electronic technology are converted into serial signals, the conversion process is just opposite to the serial-parallel conversion process of sensory input such as visual input projected from the lateral geniculate body to the visual cortex, the serial-parallel conversion process is used as the output signal of the cerebellum, the output signal is re-projected to the cortex (or spinal cord) and is cooperatively integrated with the output signal of the cortex, and finally integrated into the output signal of each motor nerve, and the time (time coding) and the emitting frequency (frequency coding) of the motion potential pulses are transmitted to the controlled muscles, the time and the strength of contraction or relaxation of the muscle in the movement are controlled, and the coordination and the accurate control of the movement are realized. Therefore, the motor system, which is composed of the motor cortex and the striatum, is mainly responsible for the "what" action, which is a programmed action combination composed of a plurality of actions, including the action combination related to the output of the thinking system, and the learning and memory (i.e. programmed memory) of the actions. While the cerebellum is responsible for "how to do" and to perform various actions through precise control of the muscles, (possibly including partially direct body reflexes and reaction actions). Applicants speculate that the evolution of animals to humans results in a dramatic increase in cerebellar volume and neuron number as the cerebellum stores a large amount of precise information that governs the coordinated movement of hand and finger muscles and records a large amount of movement details of the actions (including speaking and writing) that achieve speech output.

⒋ is controlled by the motor nervous system ⒌ by the modulated signals of some of the nuclei in the hypothalamus and brainstem as well. Including dopaminergic neurotransmission from the substantia nigra, noradrenergic neurotransmission from the locus ceruleus, 5-HT energetic neurotransmission from the medial region of the reticular structure, etc., which act to control the functioning of the motor nervous system to match and adapt to the functioning of the thought system and the visceral endocrine system.

⒋ pass through the splanchnic nervous system. The visceral work state is sensed by the visceral sensory nerve, and is reflected by some nerve nuclei of the brainstem, hypothalamus and the like, and the work of regulating the viscera is controlled by the sympathetic nerve and the parasympathetic nerve. According to the existing anatomical data, the main nerve nuclei of the visceral nervous system are in the hypothalamus, including the lateral and posterior hypothalamus regions that control sympathetic responses, and stimulation of this region can cause reactions such as increased heartbeat, increased blood pressure, increased respiration, etc.; the anterior and medial hypothalamic regions, which control parasympathetic responses, stimulate this region to cause a slowing of the heart rate, peripheral vasodilatation, etc. See below ⒋ ⒋ for the content of the selected component.

⒋ ⒊ biochemical reaction system (including immune-endocrine system). By sensing the content of various endocrine substances and non-endocrine biochemical substances in the body, the information is projected to the upper and lower thalamus zones, and is fed back to control the secretion of various endocrine substances or regulate the work of internal organs through the reaction treatment of the neuronuclear groups. According to current anatomical data, the major neuronuclear mass of the biochemical response system is in the area of the upper thalamus (e.g., pineal) and hypothalamus segments (supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, etc.). Due to the lack of detailed anatomical data, a detailed description of the specific working process is not possible.

⒋ ⒋ outer information processing loop and inner information processing loop. The applicant has summarized various information processing of the brain into two major loops, namely an "external information control loop" and an "internal information control loop", according to the control mechanism of the organism on external information and internal information. The former includes a thinking system and a motor nervous system, senses and integrates various external information (vision, hearing, smell, touch and the like), and outputs control signals to control the movement of the body (including special movements such as speaking and writing); the latter includes visceral nervous system and biochemical reaction system (including immune-endocrine system), and can sense and integrate various internal information (visceral working state, endocrine material and non-endocrine biochemical material), and can output control signal to control visceral and immune-endocrine system. The former activity is perceived and conscious because it can be perceived by the thinking system, while the latter is mostly unconscious and unconscious because it cannot be perceived by the thinking system; the former is mainly concentrated on the relatively upper part of the brain in physical location, and may be called "upper loop" for short, and the latter is mainly concentrated on the relatively lower part of the brain, and may be called "lower loop" for short. Within the same loop, excitation influence and modulation between systems are relatively direct and obvious, and inter-modulation exists between the inner loop and the outer loop. Where the operation of the upper loop has been described above and the lower loop is described below.

⒋ ⒋ controls the composition of the loop (lower loop) with internal information. Mainly comprises a visceral nervous system, a biochemical reaction system (including an immune-endocrine system) and a control loop between the visceral nervous system and the biochemical reaction system. Because the information quantity of various internal information of the organism is less and the information changes slowly, the quantity of neurons of various links of perception input, recognition, memory, reaction and output control of the information is less, and most of the information does not form independent nerve nuclei but gathers in the same nuclei.

Wherein the signal projection of the splanchnic nervous system is shown in figure 19. On the one hand, a simple reflex arc of a part of the viscera has been formed at the spinal cord site, feedback controlling the visceral activity, and on the other hand, visceral sensory fibers are concentrated in the vagus nerve, ascending through the spinal cord into the brainstem and project mainly to the solitary nucleus. The solitary bunch nucleus is a main relay nucleus group of visceral sensory information, one output path of the solitary bunch nucleus is projected to a dorsal vagus nerve nucleus to form a low-level reflection loop of a visceral nervous system on the brain stem level, and visceral motor nerves are sent from the dorsal vagus nerve nucleus to control the work of visceral organs; the other path of the light beam is directly projected to the hypothalamus pre-visual nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, dorsal and medial nucleus and other areas to transmit visceral sensation information; and the other path of the cholinergic nerve is projected to the lateral area of the brain stem reticular structure, particularly comprises a medial brachial nucleus and a lateral brachial nucleus, and the lateral brachial nucleus and the medial brachial nucleus emit cholinergic nerves to the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic output is coordinated to control visceral work through the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve, the motor nerves of the viscera. The applicant speculates that the visceral nervous system also has a synchronous impulse control loop, which is mainly composed of "brainstem network outer region ← → hypothalamus", wherein the pathway of the solitary bundle nucleus directly projected towards the hypothalamus conveys specific information content of visceral sensation, while the projection towards the brainstem network outer region is a "reporter" type projection containing no specific information; the cholinergic nerve projected from the area outside the brain stem network (including especially the medial and lateral brachial paranuclei) to the hypothalamus is a synchronous excitation pulse of the control loop; meanwhile, the hypothalamus also projects downwards to the outer side area of the brain stem reticular structure; thus, an oscillation loop which is sent back and forth, namely, a "lower loop oscillation loop", of the "brainstem mesh outer region ← → hypothalamus" is formed.

Therefore, in the brain, the splanchnic nervous system, which controls visceral activity, comprises two major loops: the lower reflex loop on the brain stem level, which is composed of visceral (sensory) nerve → solitary nucleus → vagus dorsal nucleus → visceral (motor) nerve, senses and reflects the activity of each visceral organ by a simple direct reflex loop; the other is a combined reflex loop formed by the outer region ← → hypothalamus of the brain stem reticular structure, which receives sensory afferents of various internal organs, receives modulation input of other nervous systems (a thinking nervous system, a motor nervous system, an emotional nervous system and an endocrine nervous system) of the brain, and stimulates and modulates the activity of the lower reflex loop of the brain stem after combined processing, so as to perform balance control on the work of the internal organs, such as adjusting the breathing frequency and amplitude, adjusting the heartbeat rate, adjusting the blood pressure and the like. Due to lack of information, the applicant cannot deduce the oscillation rhythm of this oscillation loop, but the estimation is low (probably lower than 3 to 4 hz) as judged from the rhythm of the heart beat and the rhythm of the thinking oscillation loop, and whether this control loop works as well as the control loop of the thinking system. The splanchnic nervous system also receives modulated neural projections from some of the modulated nuclear masses of the brainstem, such as noradrenergic neural projections from the locus ceruleus, 5-HT neural projections from the dorsal raphe nucleus and the central superior nucleus.

The information processing core of the biochemical reaction system is in the areas of the upper and lower thalamus parts and is assumed to have a control loop consisting of a "brainstem network (which may be the lateral or median region) -the upper thalamus (and the area of the lower thalamus part)". Since the anatomical data on the biochemical reaction system (including the endocrine system) is very small, it cannot be described in more detail.

⒋ ⒋ traverse the intermodulation of the lower loop. The lower loop includes the visceral nervous system and the biochemical reaction system (including the endocrine system), which are closely linked and mutually influenced to jointly form the cooperative control of the visceral organs and the endocrine work of the body. Because the two systems are closely related to the health condition of the body, if the specific working process and mechanism of the two systems and the inter-modulation relationship between the two systems can be revealed, the two systems can bring targeted guiding significance to the cause and treatment of various visceral and endocrine abnormal diseases. This aspect is intended to be disclosed in another patent application and is not further described herein.

⒋ ⒋ ⒊ the upper and lower loops interact with each other. The mutual influence and modulation are mainly performed by the following two aspects.

The method includes the steps of enabling neuron activities of upper and lower loops to be mutually influenced. Since the core links of the two control loops are on the brain stem network structure, if the activity of the network structure neurons of one loop is more active, the competition for nutrients (blood oxygen, blood sugar, various neurotransmitters, conditioning materials, synthetic raw materials thereof and the like) can be caused to influence the activity of the network structure neurons of the other loop, and the other loop can be modulated by the modulatory nerve nuclei, so that the work of the other loop is influenced. The modulation and effect of the lower loop on the upper loop, among others, may be seen in the preceding ⒊, ⒎, ⒊ ⒌, and, preferably, ⒊ ⒍ ⒊, ⒊ ⒍ ⒋. The influence of the upper loop on the lower loop is relatively hidden since it involves internal movements of the body and reacts very slowly. For example, when the brain is under tension, the oscillating rhythm of the oscillatory loop of thinking is accelerated, and the activation and the release of neurons in the brain stem network are increased, which may affect the unstable operation of the lower loop, thereby causing negative effects on internal organs and endocrine system. When the neural activity of the thinking system is reduced, for example, deep sleep, the oscillation rhythm of the thinking oscillation loop is very low, and the neuron in the link of the net structure is slow in activity, so that the operation of the lower loop is facilitated, and the internal organs and the endocrine system are recovered.

And bidirectional modulation is carried out through an emotion system. The applicant believes that the emotional system of the brain is directly linked to the internal and external two loops, and receives the information of the two loops extensively, and in turn modulates their work bidirectionally, so as to enable the body to adapt more in harmony and to respond to various changes in the internal and external information. This will be described independently below.

⒋ ⒌ mood system. The applicant is hesitant to divide the emotional system into an upper loop and a lower loop, because the emotional system can directly receive various external information (including external information such as vision, hearing, smell and the like and intermediate information such as 'events') and various internal information (including visceral working condition and information of in-vivo biochemical substances, although the mental system of the brain is not 'known'), can obviously influence the mental system and the motion system (such as whiting and creaking in excitement and great increase in action strength in excitement) and can also obviously influence the visceral and endocrine systems (such as increasing heartbeat in excitement, increasing adrenal hormone in fear and being hairy), and later, when the intermodulation of the inner loop and the outer loop is analyzed, the organism is understood to be connected with the two loops through the emotional system, for coordinating and bi-directionally modulating their operation.

According to the existing anatomical data, the main nucleus of the emotional system is amygdala. The input and output signal projection of the amygdala is as in figure 20. Wherein the input projection comprises: the input of intermediate information from a wide range of cerebral cortex and hippocampus, such as content from verbal or textual information, can be humane or angry; direct input of external sensory information from sense of smell and taste, such as special sense of smell or taste, can make people feel pleasure or nausea; (the visual information cannot directly influence the emotion, and the emotion can be influenced only by the content which needs to be recognized); input of internal information from the lower loop, primarily projected through the hypothalamus and brainstem, such as abnormalities from internal organs or biochemical material in the body, can be painful or uncomfortable; and fourthly, inputting a signal from the brain stem modulatory nerve nuclei. While the output and modulation of amygdala includes: the method comprises the steps of projecting to a tattoo body to influence the nervous activity of a motor nervous system, such as excitation or fear, so as to enhance the speed or strength of movement; secondly, the projection to the cortex and the hippocampus so as to influence the nervous activity of the thinking system, for example, the thinking is accelerated or the mistake is easy to make when the thinking is excited; projection to hypothalamus, nucleus solitarius and dorsal vagus nucleus to affect the activity of the visceral nervous system and endocrine system, such as increased heartbeat during agitation, increased adrenal hormone during fear, and thriller; and fourthly, projecting the nerve nuclei to the brain stem to influence the activities of the modulated nerve nuclei and further influence the work of other systems of the brain. From these input-output relationships and their effects of amygdala, the emotional system, which takes amygdala as the core, is closely related to the two information processing loops, both internal and external, to coordinate and bi-directionally modulate their neural activity, thereby affecting their activities and outputs to better cope with information changes. The emotional system's input and response to information is also learned and remembered, and its working mechanism is similar to the hippocampus of the thought system. With reference to the mechanisms of operation of other neuroreflex systems of the brain, applicants speculate that the amygdala should also form a control loop with the thalamus and with some nuclei that project cholinergic nerves, but cannot be further described due to lack of anatomical data.

⒋ ⒍ neurons of different neurotransmitters have different roles in brain information processing. The brain has a number of different neurotransmitters and their membrane receptors, as well as different neurons that release these neurotransmitters, including cholinergic neurons, aminoergic neurons, monoaminergic neurons, and neuropeptide neurons, among others. Many nerve nuclei of the brain often have a plurality of different neurons at the same time and form different nerve projections, and the different nerve projections may be projected to the same brain area or brain nuclei together or projected in a cross way with each other, and the abnormal operation of the neurons of different neurotransmitters sometimes causes the same brain dysfunction or disease, which are easy to cause troubles and misleading for analyzing the information transmission path and the operation mechanism of the brain. According to the transmission characteristics and nerve projection paths of various neurotransmitters and the working mechanisms and control mechanisms of the brain for sensing input, transmission, memory and reflex output of information, the different roles of neurons of different neurotransmitters in brain information processing are analyzed, so that the working mechanisms of the brain can be better analyzed and understood.

⒋ ⒍ function as an amino acid neuron. Its neurotransmitters include glutamic acid (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp), which are excitatory amino acids, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine (Gly), which are inhibitory amino acids. Amino acids act as neurotransmitters and their transmission channels are easily affected and modulated by other transmitters and are capable of developing synaptic plasticity (STDP plasticity), so the aminoacidonergic neurons are the most basic and dominant neurons of the brain that constitute the channels of information processing. Almost all information transmission and processing pathways of the central nervous system are mainly composed of excitatory amino acid neurons and inhibitory amino acid neurons cooperating with each other, thereby realizing input, transmission, integration, reflection and output of information and forming brain functions of memory, thinking and consciousness. Amino acid-competent neurons also constitute part of the modulatory neural pathway.

⒋ ⒍ capsule for cholinergic neurons. Its neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (ACh). In the central nerve, the gated channel of cholinergic neurotransmitter reacts very fast, the depolarization of a cell membrane does not need to exist in advance, and under the conditions of resting potential and hyperpolarization, once a ligand is combined with a receptor, the gated channel can be directly caused to be opened, calcium ions can rapidly flow in, strong membrane excitation is caused, and most of the gated channels can directly cause the outbreak of action potential. Furthermore, the axonal release of ACh from cholinergic neurons is rapid and transient, and after release, ACh, in addition to binding to receptors, also diffuses out of the synaptic cleft and is rapidly degraded by cholinesterase, i.e., ACh in the synaptic cleft can be rapidly cleared after release. Therefore, the action and stop time of the cholinergic neuron after the action potential bursts is extremely short, the projected posterior neuron can generate strong membrane excitation and burst the action potential, the strong and fast transmission characteristic enables the cholinergic neuron to be mainly used for synchronous excitation in central nervous activity, particularly a synchronous pulse oscillation loop is formed, the cholinergic neuron can automatically form pulse emission of a round-trip cycle without the synergistic action of other neural paths, and the cholinergic neuron is used as a synchronous excitation signal to control other neural activity from a time sequence, so that the neural activity of brain information processing can be orderly carried out, and the synchronous pulse plays a time sequence control role similar to a clock signal of an electronic computer. If the projected neuron is an amino acid energy nerve, the cholinergic nerve can be quickly and strongly excited and burst an action potential with a high threshold value, so that synaptic plasticity is generated and a memory effect is formed. The transmission properties of cholinergic neurons also make them suitable for the input and transmission of motor output, neuro-muscular junctions, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and partial sensory information, but are generally not applicable to direct channels of information memory processing.

⒋ ⒍ ⒊ monoaminergic neurons. Its neurotransmitter is a biogenic amine containing a monoamine group. Monoaminergic neurons include dopaminergic neurons, 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons, noradrenergic neurons and adrenergic neurons, and histamine. The role of monoaminergic neurons is to modulate neural activity. Especially the emotional system, modulates the information processing of the thinking system, the motor nervous system and the visceral nervous system. Wherein: the Noradrenaline (NE) nervosa mainly includes a medullary and a nerve nucleus group of a brain bridge (e.g., locus coeruleus), projects the nervus to a wide area such as a cerebral cortex, a thalamus, a hypothalamus, a limbic system, and the like, and mainly has an inhibitory modulation effect of inhibiting neuronal activity in the projected area. When the action of NE is too strong, it may excessively inhibit the neuronal activity of the thought system, resulting in abnormal decrease in neuronal activity, such as the appearance of depression. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) nerve mainly exists in nuclei such as superior nucleus in the center of the pons and dorsal nucleus in the midbrain, and is projected to wide areas such as thalamus, cerebral cortex and the like, the projection area is similar to NE, but the effect is mainly enhanced modulation, and the nerve can enhance excitation and integration of the projection area. Depression is likely to occur when 5-HT is too low, and mania is likely to occur when 5-HT is too high. The Dopamine (DA) can cause nerves to exist mainly in the nucleus pulposus (such as substantia nigra) of the midbrain and the diencephalon, and projects to areas such as cerebral cortex, the limbic system and the like, and the effect of the dopamine is mainly enhanced modulation. The histaminergic nerves are mainly present in the tuberoinfusorian nucleus at the posterior hypothalamus, and the ascending is projected to the wide area of the forebrain, and the descending is projected to the brainstem and spinal cord, and the functions of the nerves are mainly modulation of sleep and wakefulness. The so-called potentiating and inhibitory modulation of modulatory neurons is not absolute because the neuronal activity of information processing pathways itself has a phenomenon of mutual inhibition, and amino acid neurons are classified into excitatory and inhibitory ones, and inhibitory modulation of inhibitory neurons corresponds substantially to potentiating modulation of inhibitory excitatory neurons. The complex and intercrossed modulation pathways of the monoaminergic neurons lead the nerve projection pathways of the brain to be very complex, and the complex and mutually influenced modulation effects lead the thinking activity of the brain to generate various complex changes, and generate high brain functions such as emotion, personality, desire, motivation and the like, and also have the phenomena of dreaminess, various psychoses and the like.

⒋ ⒍ ⒋ neuropeptide neurons. Its neurotransmitter is a macromolecular polypeptide, namely neuropeptide (SP). Neuropeptides are of a wide variety. Its action is slow and durable, mainly to regulate the physiological activity of brain's own neurons, and to regulate the internal organs and endocrine functions of the body.

In addition, purine-derived substances, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and the like are also involved in neuronal activity and have an influence on neuronal activity.

⒋ ⒍ ⒌ other cholinergic nerve projections of the brain. Excitatory transmission by cholinergic neurons is characterized by rapidity and great power and is used as a synchronous excitation pulse in central nervous activities. In addition to the presence of mainly brainstem networks which form synchronous pulse oscillation circuits with the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the like, the brain also has other main nuclei which emit cholinergic nerve projections, namely the medial septal nuclei and the oblique zonal nuclei of the septal region of the limbic system, and also the Meynert basal nuclei of the basal forebrain (basal forebrain complex). The relevant signal projection is as in figure 21. The projections and effects of these cholinergic nuclei include: projecting upward cortex, particularly sensory cortex and motor cortex, and cooperatively exciting integrated processing of sensory information and motor information, particularly cooperatively generating synaptic plasticity to form cognitive memory and motor memory; secondly, projecting towards the cingulate gyrus and the hippocampus structure, and carrying out cooperative excitation on the integrated treatment of intermediate information (namely declarative information) of a thinking system, particularly synaptotactic plasticity is generated cooperatively to form hippocampal memory; performing two-way mutual projection with the amygdala and the hypothalamus to mutually modulate the work of each other and cooperatively form emotional memory; and fourthly, projecting the image to a core ball of the midbrain. On the other hand, these cholinergic nerve nuclei are similarly subjected to neuroregulation by noradrenergic, 5-HT-energetic and dopaminergic genes originating from the locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe nucleus of midbrain, ventral tegmental side of midbrain.

The cholinergic nucleus pulposus of the septal and basal forebrain is in reciprocal connection with the cholinergic nucleus pulposus of the brain stem network structure through the medial tract of the forebrain. Absent more detailed anatomical data, it is unclear to the applicant whether at all, the neural nuclei of the septal and basal forebrain are under the control of the brainstem network, or the brainstem network is under the control of these nuclei? Who is the main? Or work independently of each other only to affect each other? From the perspective of the breadth of control involved in the processing of information throughout the brain, it appears that brainstem networks are of greater importance.

In addition, there is also a short local projection of cholinergic nerves within the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, etc., and it is presumed that the effect is an extension of the received long projection of cholinergic nerves, and the synergistic stimulation effect is also exerted.

⒋ ⒎ the nature of the brain. In view of the overall structure of the brain, taken together with the above: the brain is formed by a plurality of information processing systems such as a thinking nervous system, a motor nervous system, an emotion system, a visceral nervous system, an endocrine nervous system and the like, and the systems are influenced in a cross way, so that various external information and internal information of an organism are sensed and processed. From the class of neurons: the brain mainly adopts amino acid energy nerves to form a main channel for information processing, adopts cholinergic nerves to generate exciting pulses to excite and control the information processing in a time sequence mode, adopts single (group) aminergic nerves and neuropeptide nerves to carry out various modulations on the information processing, and jointly realizes the joint processing of information. From the neuron's mode of activity: the brain generally adopts a nerve small loop formed by the back-and-forth projection of 2-5-level neurons to form a closed loop, and performs certain information processing belonging to the brain in a mode of exciting integration and sending action potentials back and forth. Meanwhile, for a certain small neural loop, on one hand, the neurons of certain nodes in the loop receive the projection of other small neural loops to realize information input or modulation input, on the other hand, the neurons of certain nodes in the loop also project to other small neural loops to realize information output or modulation output, and the 'loop loops are buckled with each other' to form a huge neural network, so that powerful brain functions are realized in a simple neural activity mode.

The small neural loop projected back and forth only needs to carry out 'own' signal integration processing according to a fixed simple activity mode of the small neural loop, and does not need to 'manage' how complex the signal of the whole neural network is, so that the small neural loop is beneficial to keeping the state of the neural activity of the loop per se, and can carry out input and output of various information through criss-cross mutual projection between the loops. Moreover, although each neuron is only performing simple excitation integration and action potential emission, each nerve small loop is only performing transmission and reflection on information with the same simple reflex action, but because: the integrated neural network has the advantages that the number of the neural small loops is extremely large, the neurons have the function of excitation integration, information input of a plurality of other neural loops can be integrated, the information integration has an accurate analog quantity processing function through membrane excitation integration, the nerve projection inside the neural small loops and among the neural small loops is achieved, synapses of the integrated neural network have plasticity with transmission efficiency, and four and among all the neural small loops can cancel or form new nerve projection contact through synapse reconstruction. The brain processes various complex massive information in a mode of 'loop-to-loop' and 'infinite extension' by using a huge number of small neural loops.

For example, for the mental nervous system, the mesencephalon network and the thalamic neurons form the underlying loop, forming the oscillatory loop of synchronous excitation pulses, which receives modulation of information input from various sensory and mental processes, (i.e., the reporter input), and modulates the thalamus upward; the thalamus and the neurons of the cerebral cortex form an intermediate loop, on one hand, the thalamus and the neurons of the cerebral cortex form an intermediate loop, and on the other hand, the thalamus and the neurons of the cerebral cortex form an intermediate loop, and the thalamus and the neurons of the cerebral cortex form an intermediate loop, on the one hand, the thalamus and the neurons of the cerebral cortex form an intermediate loop, receive the control of excitation pulses of a bottom loop, and on the other hand, the thalamus and the neurons of the cerebral cortex form an intermediate loop, and the activity of the neurons of the cortex is controlled by sending synchronous excitation pulses; the middle neurons of the cortex (including the neurons of sensory cortex-combined cortex, combined cortex-combined cortex and combined cortex-motor cortex) mutually project to form a huge top-layer loop, are issued back and forth to process various information, and carry out feedback modulation on the middle loop and the bottom-layer loop in a descending manner; the three layers of nerve small loops are one-to-many divergent modulation from bottom to top and many-to-one convergent modulation from top to bottom, so that the stimulation and 'attention' control of thinking nerve activity is formed. (see section "control mechanism of mental activity ⒊ before).

In addition, in the biological evolution process, various nerve small loops can be correspondingly increased in number according to the increase of the information quantity, and through the structure of 'loop-loop buckling', the mutual projection is continuously kept to form a neural network which can be expanded almost infinitely, and in the expansion process, the basic architecture of the nerve projection can be kept stable, and the continuity and the stability of the biological evolution can be kept. Therefore, the basic architecture of the information transmission processing is the same in the human and mouse brains, and the difference is the number of neurons in the nerve tissue of each part. Therefore, the brain plays a central and key role in the work and control mechanism of the human brain, and is still the brainstem network structure, basal brain and various thalamus formed in the early stage of the brain, while the telogen and neocortex thereof are only subjected to specific information processing, but the telogen volume becomes large due to the sharp increase of the information quantity.

Because of the structure of mutual projection, the same kind of nerve dysfunction or disease can directly cause information processing abnormity due to the abnormal operation of the related information processing nerve loop; or the neuron which excites and synchronously controls the neural loop works abnormally, so that the neuron can not work normally and orderly; it is also possible that neurons of the various modulation pathways that modulate the neural circuit may be abnormally modulated and thus abnormally operated due to abnormal operation of the neurons. In treating these diseases, analysis of this is required to obtain a more appropriate treatment regimen.

In addition, the applicant also explains some brain phenomena including brain waves, sleep, dreams, sleepwalking and attention deficit disorder, autism, schizophrenia and the like according to the above research data, and can refer to the patent application with the application number "2015101775882" and the name "multichannel neurostimulation device and application thereof" filed by the applicant, and the data attached to the specification part.

Claims

1. An apparatus for brain activation comprising a host, a ground electrode, and an output electrode, wherein: the output electrode comprises a first output electrode and a second output electrode; the host comprises a first output module, a second output module, a first pulse generation module and a first output control module; the first pulse generation module is used for generating a pulse signal for stimulating the central nerve and sending the pulse signal to the first output module and the second output module; the output of the first output module is connected to the first output electrode through an electrode output end, and the output of the second output module is connected to the second output electrode through an electrode output end; the first output control module is used for controlling the work of the first output module and the second output module, so that pulse signals output by the first output electrode and the second output electrode relative to the grounding electrode have a sequential output relationship;

An output control circuit is arranged between the electrode output end for connecting each output electrode and the output end of each output module on the host; the output end of the electrode is also connected to the input end of a voltage detection circuit, and the output end of the voltage detection circuit is connected to a voltage comparison circuit and is compared with a pulse signal from the output module; the output end of the voltage comparison circuit is connected to the control end of the output control circuit, and the pulse output signal is controlled through the output control circuit.

2. A device for brain activation according to claim 1, wherein: the output electrode also comprises a third output electrode and a fourth output electrode; the host comprises a third output module, a fourth output module, a second pulse generation module and a second output control module; the second pulse generating module is used for generating a pulse signal for stimulating the central nerve and sending the pulse signal to the third output module and the fourth output module; the output of the third output module is connected to the third output electrode through an electrode output end, and the output of the fourth output module is connected to the fourth output electrode through an electrode output end; the second output control module is used for controlling the third output module and the fourth output module to work, so that pulse signals output by the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode relative to the grounding electrode have a sequential output relationship.

3. A device for brain activation according to claim 2, wherein: the electric pulse sent by the first output electrode and the second output electrode has the pulse frequency of 0.5-3 Hz; the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode emit electric pulses with a pulse frequency of 8-40 Hz.

4. A device for brain activation according to claim 1, wherein: the pulse signal output by the first pulse generation module is generated into a pulse waveform by reading pulse waveform data stored in a storage and then performing digital-to-analog conversion and filtering; the pulse waveform data in the memory is obtained by placing a microelectrode on a cholinergic neuron projected to the hypothalamus by the brachial paranucleus in the outer region of the brainstem reticular structure of a human or other primates with normal vital signs, acquiring a pulse discharge signal, converting the pulse discharge signal into a data signal through amplification and analog-to-digital conversion, and storing the data signal in the memory.

5. A device for brain activation according to claim 2, wherein: the pulse signal output by the second pulse generation module is generated into a pulse waveform by reading pulse waveform data stored in the storage and then performing digital-to-analog conversion and filtering; the pulse waveform data in the memory is obtained by placing a microelectrode on a cholinergic neuron projected to the inner core of a thalamus plate from the inner side area of a brainstem reticular structure of a human or other primates with normal vital signs, acquiring a pulse discharge signal, converting the pulse discharge signal into a data signal through amplification and analog-to-digital conversion, and storing the data signal in the memory.

6. A device for brain activation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the pulse generating module is provided with a positive pulse output end and a negative pulse output end and can respectively output two pulse output signals which are positive potential and negative potential relative to the grounding electrode; the positive pulse output end and the negative pulse output end are switched through the change-over switch, and the output of the change-over switch is used as the output end of the pulse generation module and connected to each output module.

7. An apparatus for brain activation comprising a host, a ground electrode, and an output electrode, wherein: the output electrode comprises a first output electrode and a second output electrode; the host comprises a first output module, a second output module, a first pulse generation module and a first output control module; the first pulse generation module is used for generating a pulse signal for stimulating the central nerve and sending the pulse signal to the first output module and the second output module; the output of the first output module is connected to the first output electrode through an electrode output end, and the output of the second output module is connected to the second output electrode through an electrode output end; the first output control module is used for controlling the work of the first output module and the second output module, so that pulse signals output by the first output electrode and the second output electrode relative to the grounding electrode have a sequential output relationship;

The electrode output end of the host machine, which is used for connecting each output electrode, is connected with a voltage detection circuit, and the voltage detection circuit is used for detecting the background voltage of the electrode output end; the output of the voltage detection circuit is connected with a voltage holding circuit for holding and memorizing the background voltage value output by the voltage detection circuit; the voltage value output by the voltage holding circuit is connected to a voltage superposition circuit; the pulse output signal output by the pulse generation module is superposed with the background voltage in the voltage superposition circuit and then is connected to the electrode output end.

8. A device for brain activation according to claim 7, wherein: the output electrode also comprises a third output electrode and a fourth output electrode; the host comprises a third output module, a fourth output module, a second pulse generation module and a second output control module; the second pulse generating module is used for generating a pulse signal for stimulating the central nerve and sending the pulse signal to the third output module and the fourth output module; the output of the third output module is connected to the third output electrode through an electrode output end, and the output of the fourth output module is connected to the fourth output electrode through an electrode output end; the second output control module is used for controlling the third output module and the fourth output module to work, so that pulse signals output by the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode relative to the grounding electrode have a sequential output relationship.

9. A device for brain activation according to claim 8, wherein: the electric pulse sent by the first output electrode and the second output electrode has the pulse frequency of 0.5-3 Hz; the third output electrode and the fourth output electrode emit electric pulses with a pulse frequency of 8-40 Hz.

10. A device for brain activation according to claim 7, wherein: the pulse signal output by the first pulse generation module is generated into a pulse waveform by reading pulse waveform data stored in a storage and then performing digital-to-analog conversion and filtering; the pulse waveform data in the memory is obtained by placing a microelectrode on a cholinergic neuron projected to the hypothalamus by the brachial paranucleus in the outer region of the brainstem reticular structure of a human or other primates with normal vital signs, acquiring a pulse discharge signal, converting the pulse discharge signal into a data signal through amplification and analog-to-digital conversion, and storing the data signal in the memory.

11. A device for brain activation according to claim 8, wherein: the pulse signal output by the second pulse generation module is generated into a pulse waveform by reading pulse waveform data stored in the storage and then performing digital-to-analog conversion and filtering; the pulse waveform data in the memory is obtained by placing a microelectrode on a cholinergic neuron projected to the inner core of a thalamus plate from the inner side area of a brainstem reticular structure of a human or other primates with normal vital signs, acquiring a pulse discharge signal, converting the pulse discharge signal into a data signal through amplification and analog-to-digital conversion, and storing the data signal in the memory.

12. A device for brain activation according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: the pulse generating module is provided with a positive pulse output end and a negative pulse output end and can respectively output two pulse output signals which are positive potential and negative potential relative to the grounding electrode; the positive pulse output end and the negative pulse output end are switched through the change-over switch, and the output of the change-over switch is used as the output end of the pulse generation module and connected to each output module.