CN104888347B - Multi-channel nerve stimulating apparatus and its application - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of multi-channel nerve stimulating apparatus, including main frame and multigroup output electrode, main frame includes pulses generation module and output module, main frame also includes output timing control circuit, for controlling the stimulation pulse signal of each output module output, the boost pulse relative to reference electrode for being exported each output electrode has the front and rear sequential relationship being sequentially output.The present invention can carry out the impulse stimulation with front and rear sequential relationship simultaneously to the neuron of different nodes on a certain nerve pathway respectively by each group output electrode, nerve pathway is forced to produce the sustainable action potential granting with signal orientation transitive relation, so as to applied to exciting and recover some nervous activities with physiological function.

Description

Multi-channel nerve stimulating apparatus and its application

The present invention relates to the nerve stimulation device of cranial nerve medical field, and its application technology for technical field.

Background technology to the neuron of brain by carrying out electric pulse stimulation, to influence the activity of neuron, so as to reach It is the prior art in neuromedicine field to the purpose for treating some cerebral diseases.But it has been found that prior art is mostly Isolated stimulation is carried out to the neuron of some positions, influences the activity of these neurons, such as stimulating some nerve nucleus Group, its nervous function is set to produce enhancing or the change weakened, or for intervening the signal transmission of nerve nucleus, such as barrier pain The transmission of pain signal reaches the purpose of electronics analgesic.And to for starting certain specific nervous activity, especially produce Or change the sustainable action potential granting that between nerve nucleus there is signal to orient transitive relation, due to brain centres nerve Each neural link neuron between there is Nervons projection and signal transitive relation, so, existing isolated brain god Through stimulating technology, just it is difficult to produce such technique effect, and it is found by the applicant that in some significant certain applications, it is past It is past just to need that there is such technique effect.Moreover, prior art is to the particular location of electro photoluminescence, applying mode and electric pulse Details etc. without specific aim, the technology taken often with for being, but in fact, to maincenter god during peripheral nerve stimulation Stimulation through member has its particularity, such as, according to the electric discharge research to brain some neural circuits, it is applied to the electricity of neuron When pulse, frequency and too low impulse amplitude can not the electric discharge of trigger action current potential, and then can be to god when frequency or too high impulse amplitude Transmit to form suppression through first signal, or even make its inactivation.

The content of the invention is suitable for logical to some nerves the present invention seeks to disclose a kind of nerve stimulation device of multichannel The neuron of the diverse location on road carries out impulse stimulation simultaneously, promotes nerve pathway to produce with the dynamic of signal orientation transitive relation Make Electric spike.

Invention additionally discloses being optimized to output signal, it can more effectively induce neuron and provide action potential Technology.

Lead to present invention simultaneously discloses some of above-mentioned nerve stimulation device applications, including for strengthening some neurotransmissions The transmission efficiency on road, for waking up depth coma patient, and for the activation to brain death in a short time.

The present invention nerve stimulation device, include main frame and connection main frame electrode, electrode include grounding electrode (or Reference electrode) and output electrode, main frame includes the pulses generation module for producing stimulation pulse signal, connects each output electricity The each output module for being used to stimulation pulse signal being output to output electrode of pole, it is characterised in that：Described output electrode Include the output electrode of two groups or more than two groups, (such as three groups of output electrodes)；Main frame also includes output timing control electricity Road, for controlling the stimulation pulse signal of each output module output, make that each output electrode exported relative to reference electrode Boost pulse has the front and rear sequential relationship being sequentially output.

Pulses generation module belongs to prior art, caused pulse can use square wave, triangular wave, trapezoidal wave or Imitate the waveform of neuron action potential pulse.Pulse width T0 is 0.5-10 milliseconds, is further suitable that 1-5 milliseconds, quite In the pulse width of neuron action potential.The pulse signal of each output electrode output, relative to reference electrode (namely ground connection electricity Pole) current potential, the crest voltage amplitude of pulse signal, be adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts, according to electrode contact locations And electrode enters the state of neuron and different.

The main frame of the present invention also includes pulse period regulation circuit, for adjusting same group of output electrode (first, second He 3rd output electrode) the pulse period T of former and later two pulses that is exported.For different applications, pulse period T is different , typically between 25 milliseconds to 1000 milliseconds, it is 1-40 hertz corresponding to frequency, sees below described in application obscure portions.

Main frame of the present invention also includes time delay regulation circuit, front and rear for adjusting in same pulse exports the cycle Time delay Ts between former and later two pulses of two electrode (such as the first output electrode and second output electrode) output.

Output timing control circuit is used for the work for controlling each output module so that the stimulation arteries and veins of each group output electrode output The sequential relationship of punching is：In a pulse period T, after previous output electrode exports a boost pulse, by prolonging for setting After slow time Ts, latter output electrode just exports a boost pulse.Specifically control method can be：Pulses generation module is produced A raw pulse signal, then after a time delay Ts, then produces a pulse signal, then again by a delay After time Ts, then a pulse signal is produced, the gating that sequential control circuit carries out successively to three output modules exports, by this Three pulse signals are exported from three output modules successively, so as to respectively one pulse of output successively in three groups of output electrodes Signal.(output pulse frequency for paying attention at this moment pulses generation module is 3 times of output electrode output pulse frequency), such control System belongs to common electronic technology, can be realized by simple MCU or digital circuit.

The nerve stimulation device of the present invention has multigroup output electrode, and each output electrode can be exported relative to reference electrode Stimulation pulse signal, and the stimulation pulse signal that is exported of each group output electrode has the front and rear sequential relationship being sequentially output. Can be had simultaneously to the neuron of different nodes on a certain nerve pathway respectively by each group output electrode using the present invention There is the impulse stimulation of front and rear sequential relationship, force nerve pathway to produce the sustainable action electricity with signal orientation transitive relation Position is provided, so as to applied to exciting and recover some nervous activities with physiological function.(see below the disclosed present invention's Using).

As a kind of important optimization, the present invention is also accurately set to the sequential relationship of this output pulse.Its Two pulses of front and rear two groups of output electrodes (such as first and second output electrode, second with the 3rd output electrode) output are prolonged Slow time Ts, with pulse period T, pulse width T0, three has following relation：0 ＜ Ts ＜ 1/2T-T0；It is expressed as：It is front and rear The time delay of two groups of output electrode output pulses is more than 0, and less than " half of pulse period subtracts a pulse width " Value.STDP synaptic plasticity principle of this set based on cranial nerve, (Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity, That is the synaptic plasticity of Temporal dependency), its meaning is：With the boost pulse with such sequential relationship, respectively to a certain nerve The nerve nucleus of front and rear different nodes carries out impulse stimulation on path, not only can force the god during boost pulse is provided Orientation activation action is produced through path, so as to force to produce the nervous activity of signal transmission, moreover, this impulse stimulation has spy Fixed sequential relationship, it can transmit the cynapse between front and rear two groups of neurons for being stimulated and produce enhancement effect, improve cynapse Transmit efficiency.So such impulse stimulation, while having stimulates neuron and orientation to improve synaptic plasticity between neuron Effect, be advantageous to recover nerve pathway itself signal transmit efficiency, so as to recover its physiological function, it is possible to for one The rehabilitation of the nerve pathway of a little operation irregularities.

In the present invention above-mentioned stimulating method and device, it, which carries out the output characteristics of the electric pulse string of neural stimulation, is Critically important.So applicant discloses three kinds to output electricity carefully according to the concrete operating principle of neuron snapping motion current potential The scheme that the output signal of pole optimizes so that output pulse signal can more accurately induce neuron snapping motion electricity Position, and this action potential can continue to provide, and be more beneficial for stimulated axoneuron and form sustainable letter Number transmit.

The first output prioritization scheme of the present invention, including：Described pulses generation module, with positive pulse output end and Negative pulse output end, can export respectively relative to grounding electrode be positive potential and negative potential two kinds of pulse output signals；(this It can be produced by positive-negative power, be common electronic technology)；Two output ends of positive pulse and negative pulse are switched by switching Switch over, the output for switching switch is re-used as the output end of pulses generation module, is connected to each output module.Switching switch Can be mechanical switch or electronic switch.If it is by the way of cranium is opened, and using being exclusively used in brain when implementing brain stimulation The patch-clamp or nerve microelectrode of nerve stimulation, it be able to will can then cut in the neuron membrane to be stimulated output electrode Change switch and be switched to positive pulse output end, electrode output is connected to positive pulse output end, at this moment output electrode is to export just The pulse signal of current potential.This mode is the ways customary that current laboratory carries out neuronal activation, can reliably stimulate and lure Go crazy first snapping motion current potential, but microelectrode is accurately pierced into target nerve member film, it is obviously desirable to operation of opening cranium is carried out, It is extremely troublesome.So if the switching switch of the present invention is switched on into negative pulse output end, electrode output is set to be connected to negative arteries and veins Output end is rushed, at this moment what output electrode exported is the pulse signal of negative potential, can be directly applied to outside the film of neuron, pass through drawing Low film volta potential, come relative reduction film resting potential, and induced action potential.At this moment common electrode can be used, and in brainpan On open aperture or aperture opened by nasal cavity or larynx deutomala, then output electrode is inserted under the cooperation auxiliary of neuroendoscopy Enter required for being placed on the target location of stimulation, output electrode need to only contacted or outside the film of nerve cell, without It is accurate to be pierced into neuron, so operation is more convenient.

Second of the present invention exports prioritization scheme, and the electrode output for connecting each output electrode is used on main frame, with Between the output end of each output module (including the first output module, the second output module and the 3rd output module), added with defeated Go out control circuit, (a resistor R more suitably, can be also serially connected between the output end of output module and output control circuit, For buffering and producing certain voltage difference)；Electrode output is also connected to the input of a voltage detecting circuit, voltage detecting The output end of circuit is connected to a voltage comparator circuit, compared with the output pulse signal from output module；Voltage ratio Output end compared with circuit is connected to the control terminal of output control circuit, and pulse output signals are controlled by output control circuit System.When between the voltage signal for the electrode output that voltage detecting circuit detects, and the voltage signal of output module output When difference is more than setting numerical value, then output control circuit is closed, output module is closed to electricity in the pulse period remaining time The output signal of pole output end, just reopened until next pulse period.Each output that each output module connects to it Electrode, its control circuit are the same.

According to such output control scheme, during work, in each output pulse period of each output module, output Control circuit is first switched on, and pulse output signals put on neuron, while voltage by electrode output and output electrode Detect the voltage signal in electric circuit inspection electrode output (equivalent to output electrode), and with the pulse output signals of output module It is compared.When stimulation of the pulse signal to neuron of output electrode reaches to a certain degree, neuron snapping motion current potential, production Raw ion overshot phenomenon, cause the current potential inside and outside film to occur drastically changing, electrode output is delivered to by output electrode, caused Larger fluctuation occurs in voltage on electrode output, and is significantly changed not with the pulse output signals of output module output It is synchronous.This voltage pulsation is carried out detected by voltage detecting circuit, and by voltage comparator circuit and pulse output signals To compare, be identified as neuron snapping motion current potential, the then output of voltage comparator circuit closes output control circuit, The pulse period remaining time closes output module to the output of electrode output, is just beaten again until the next pulse cycle Open.It neuron is no longer influenced by the stimulation of external pulse after the outburst of action potential each time, film can be recovered Polarized state, to prepare to carry out integration and again snapping motion current potential to stimulating next time, form the action of sustainable progress Electric spike.This technical scheme, more meet the working mechanism of axoneure, neuron snapping motion electricity can either be induced Position, again will not overstimulation neuron with cause neuron be suppressed inactivation or sustain damage, can continue induction action electricity Position, forms continuous pulse granting, and the ion motion of neuron and physiological function is gradually recovered normal.

The third of the present invention exports prioritization scheme, and the electrode output connection for connecting each output electrode is used on main frame There is a voltage detecting circuit, (can be shared with the voltage detecting circuit of above other technologies), voltage detecting circuit is used to detect The background voltage of electrode output, so alternatively referred to as background voltage detection circuit, the output of voltage detecting circuit are connected with one Voltage hold circuit, holding memory is carried out to the background voltage value of voltage detecting circuit output, (equivalent to voltage memory circuit, If circuit is to use analog circuit, using electric capacity discharge circuit can be coordinated to form, can if circuit is digital circuit Directly remember its magnitude of voltage), the magnitude of voltage of voltage hold circuit output is connected to a voltage overlaying circuit, each output module The pulse output signals of output, are overlapped in voltage overlaying circuit with background voltage, are connected to electrode output.Voltage The work of holding circuit, voltage overlaying circuit and each output module, controlled by a state switching circuit, (also can be by The total control circuit of main frame is controlled), specific work process is：Carry out cranial nerve stimulation every time, by grounding electrode and defeated When going out after electrode is placed in target area, or the position of output electrode and grounding electrode readjusted in work, state switching circuit Circuit work is switched in into " detection " state, the output of output module is closed, first by voltage detecting circuit detecting electrode output end On voltage, (potential difference between this voltage namely current output electrode and grounding electrode, namely background voltage, Ke Nengwei Just may also be negative), its output voltage values is kept (namely memory) by voltage hold circuit, and is sent to voltage overlaying circuit On；Afterwards, circuit work is switched to " output " state by state switching circuit, closes the input of voltage hold circuit, (make Its output voltage keeps the magnitude of voltage that inputs before), open the work of output module, the pulse signal of output module output, It is overlapped in voltage overlaying circuit with background voltage, is connected to electrode output.So, the pulse that output electrode is exported Signal, just the potential difference between two electrodes is offseted, the shadow of background voltage pulse signals stimulating effect can be eliminated Ring.

The nerve stimulation device of the present invention has multigroup output electrode, and each group output electrode is exported relative to reference electrode Boost pulse, and the boost pulse that each group output electrode is exported has the front and rear sequential relationship being sequentially output.The present invention can be with Abnormal some Nervons projection paths that work for impaired to brain centres nerve, such as the sense of hearing, the sensation input of tactile Path, or some motorial output channels, the different nerve nucleus for the front and rear node to these nerve pathways are simultaneously The impulse stimulation with front and rear sequential relationship is carried out, forces nerve pathway to produce the action potential with signal orientation transitive relation Provide, and strengthen its cynapse and transmit efficiency, so as to recover the signal transfer function of these injured nerve paths.

Present invention may also apply to impaired perineural rehabilitation.Peripheral nerve includes somatic movement nerve and body sense Feel nerve, when fractured, mechanical trauma, excessively compressing, pultrusion when, can be damaged and cause to lose sensibility or dyskinesia.Week Perineural power of regeneration is stronger, even if without perform the operation mostly also can self-recovery, but generally require time several months could be by Gradually recover.There is the device of two groups of output electrodes using the present invention, by two groups of output electrodes along the direction of nerve signal transmission Across in the both sides of damaged peripheral nerves position, grounding electrode contact skin, before having to two sections before and after injured nerve The impulse stimulation of sequential relationship afterwards, the transmission for being capable of analog neuron signal cross action, induce and accelerate its nerve regneration, greatly speed up Rehabilitation speed, and the effect than being stimulated using Sing plus is more preferable.

It is special applications of the present invention in nervous centralis below.Certainly, before nerve stimulation is carried out using these technologies, The various causes of disease must be first eliminated, wound is repaired, recovers normal blood supply oxygen supply, improves the nursing such as microcirculation and trophic nerve.

1st, the present invention is used for the wake-up to depth coma patient.Stupor is due to that cerebrum ischemia (anoxic) is caused mostly, Have partially due to cerebral trauma causes, or abnormal chemical substance causes into brain barriers affect nervous activity, it is various eliminating After the cause of disease, still there are some patients to lie in a comatose condition and sense of independence can not be recovered.At this moment patient has the life such as breathing, circulation Sign, but depth comatose state is in, the no higher nerve of the stimulation to the external world reacts.Typically if long-term depth dusk Fan, that is, the plant person being commonly called as.There is the technology stimulated using electric pulse and alternating magnetic field brain at present, but due to right The working mechanism of the mental awareness activity of human brain is unclear, without theoretical foundation, so particular location, application to electromagnetic stimulation The details such as mode and the frequency of pulse is also still very limited without specific aim, effect.

, it is necessary to using three groups of output electrodes, its method when the present invention is applied to coma patient progress brain impulse stimulation It is：

(1), the first output electrode is placed in the position of reticular formation of brain stem medial area (namely formatio reticularis mesencephali), and connect Touch or be pierced into the neuron at the position；(it is further suitable that contact or is pierced into the god that formatio reticularis mesencephali projects to intralaminar nuclei Through member)；Second output electrode is placed in intralaminar nuclei, and contacts or be pierced into the neuron at the position；(it is further suitable that contact Or it is pierced into the neuron that hair side shoot projects to reticular thalamic nucleus in intralaminar nuclei)；It is netted that 3rd output electrode is placed in thalamus The position of core, and contact or be pierced into the neuron at the position；(it is further suitable that contact or piercing reticular thalamic nucleus are netted to midbrain The neuron of arrangement projects)；Grounding electrode is in contact with human body；(proper contact position be brain vertebra bottom artery, Cerebrospinal fluid, more suitably position are at the brain liquid around the brain tissue where output electrode)；

(2), the impulse stimulation for the neuron of three positions carrying out that there is timing by three groups of output electrodes.Its pulse In optional 125-25 milliseconds of cycle, (corresponding pulse frequency is 8-40 hertz, is that brain is in the clear-headed brain with during thinking mistake area The electric rhythm and pace of moving things).

(3), impulse stimulation is preferably intermittent, that is, after carrying out the impulse stimulation of 1-3 seconds, stops stimulating 1-3 seconds. In the interval for stopping stimulation, while the brain wave (EEG) of coma patient is detected, if being continuously detected pulse frequency more than 8 Hertz eeg signal, (such as the α ripples of 8-13 hertz of frequency or β ripples of more than 14 hertz of frequency), or it was observed that patient goes out The reaction of existing sense of independence, then stop providing impulse stimulation, otherwise continue next pulse stimulation.

Root is it was found that the essence of thinking is the chain type of the intrerneuron in cerebral cortex area (especially akrencephalon associated cortex) Activation activity, and the essence realized is self sense of the brain to thinking activities (namely chain type activation activity of intrerneuron) Know, (the aixs cylinder side shoot of the neuron of associated cortex upper chain type activation is projected to the joint sensory area of sensory cortex).But Although the neuron activity of thinking and consciousness is to occur mainly in Cerebral cortex, its activity is by thalamus (mainly thalamus plate Kernel) action potential synchronization motivationtheory pulse to cortical projection control.Further study show that thalamus is to Cerebral cortex granting Synchronization motivationtheory pulse, its origin, which is to come and go between " formatio reticularis mesencephali-thalamus ", provides shaking of being formed of synchronization motivationtheory pulse Swing caused by loop, applicant is referred to as " upper ring oscillation loop " or referred to as " upper loop ", its specifically project relation namely It is " formatio reticularis mesencephali → intralaminar nuclei → reticular thalamic nucleus → formatio reticularis mesencephali " that relation is provided in pulse, and simultaneously by mound Brain intralaminar nuclei synchronizes the granting of driving pulse to extensive cortical area, to control the nervous activity of cortex namely thinking to live It is dynamic.(see the schematic diagram of two neural circuitries up and down between Fig. 5 reticular formation of brain stem and thalamus and hypothalamus, thought system Refer to upper ring oscillation loop therein).When brain because hypoxic-ischemic or it is injured when, the neuron of this oscillating loop by Damage, the integration and trigger action to exciting signal are slower, and the oscillatory rhythms for causing it to provide are too low so that intralaminar nuclei is to skin The granting rhythm and pace of moving things of the synchronization motivationtheory pulse of matter granting is too low, (being less than 4 hertz, i.e. deep sleep and brain wave rhythm when going into a coma), The intrerneuron of cortex can not be made to carry out cynapse integration and trigger action current potential and chain type activation is formed with this, so also with regard to nothing Method produces conscious thinking activities, in the state similar to deep sleep.So the present invention is according to its synchronization motivationtheory pulse The order of granting, the neuron of three nodes of this loop is stimulated successively using the electric pulse with timing, by force System improves and recovered the granting rhythm and pace of moving things (being more than 8 hertz) of the synchronization motivationtheory pulse of this loop, enables the intrerneuron of cortex Chain type activation is enough formed, namely recovers conscious thinking activities.And because the output pulse of the present invention has specific sequential Relation, additionally it is possible to strengthen cynapse between the neuron of this loop and transmit efficiency, be advantageous to recover the autonomous of this loop Neural granting action, lived so as to can finally form autonomous normal neural thinking independent of the impulse stimulation of the present invention It is dynamic.

2nd, the present invention is used for the activation to the brain of brain death.Brain death mentioned here is not that the aging of whole human body is dead Die, but die unexpectedly.Human brain is extremely sensitive to blood oxygen, causes brain blood supply interruption etc. in cardiac arrest, drowned, asphyxia, wound In the case of, completeness cerebral anoxia can cause brain bioelectric and brain function to stop completely in two minutes, not single human thinking It is movable to stop completely, and the activity of visceral nervous system stops completely, and body loses autonomous respiration and heartbeat, if cerebral anoxia More than four, five minutes, even if giving cardiac pacing and artificial respiration again, it is also difficult to which rescue comes.At this moment nervous activity, independently exhale Inhale and heartbeat stops completely, be the human body death in legal sense and medical significance without vital sign.According to existing skill Art, brain death are irreversible, are the terminations of life, and human body at this moment is not referred to as patient, but corpse.

For brain death, at this moment brain is not singly that the upper ring for controlling thinking activities " formatio reticularis mesencephali ← → thalamus " shakes Swing loop neuron stop action potential granting, more important is control visceral motility nervus visceralis (or autonomic nerve, Vegetative nerve) system also stops action.According to analysis, controlling the visceral nervous system of visceral motility includes two big loops：(see figure 5), when by " internal organ (sensation) nerve → nucleus tractus solitaril → dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve → internal organ (motion) nerve " form in brain stem layer The rudimentary reflex loop in face, by simple directly reflex loop, the activity to each internal organs feel and anti-respectively Penetrate；Second, the allied reflexes loop being made up of " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus ", receives various internal organs Feel incoming, and receive brain other nervous system (thinking nervous system, kinetic system, mood nervous system, endocrines Nervous system) modulation input, after Combined Treatment, row energization and modulation are entered in the activity to the rudimentary reflex loop of brain stem, So as to which the work to internal organs is balanced control, such as, the frequency and amplitude of breathing are adjusted, the speed of heartbeat is adjusted, adjusts Save blood pressure etc..The control of this reflex loop and maintain life that " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus " is formed Basic activity, wherein downward by the cholinergic nerve of reticular formation of brain stem LHA (especially including parabrachialis medialis, nucleus lateralis) Thalamus sends driving pulse (especially including lateral hypothalamic region, back zone, nucleus paraventricularis etc.) and comes and goes the pulse granting vibrated to be formed, Applicant is referred to as " lower ring oscillation loop " or abbreviation " lower loop ".When the neuron of the rudimentary reflex loop of brain stem stops living Dynamic, then internal organs are also stopped action, and when the neuron of " lower ring oscillation loop " is stopped action, then internal organs work is disorderly, Even also rudimentary reflex loop can be made to be stopped action because that cannot encourage, again resulting in internal organs stops action, breathing and Heartbeat stops, and human body is dead.

It is set to recover nervous activity so to carry out brain activation to the brain of brain death, can be to the two reflex loops Related Neurons carry out united electro photoluminescence, make its activation and recovery action Electric spike, excitation internal organs reactivate, So as to recover heartbeat and autonomous respiration.It should be noted that the consideration for Operative risk and legal perspective, it should use up to patient Amount carries out traditional rescue, and confirming tradition, all rescue measures proved ineffectual, confirms patient's heartbeat stopping, autonomous respiration stopping and brain death, Namely confirm dead state of the patient in legal sense and medical significance, after belonging to a corpse, then using this hair Bright brain Activiation method is rescued.

When the present invention is applied to carry out brain impulse stimulation to the brain of brain death, it is also desirable to using three groups of output electrodes, Its method is：

(1), the first output electrode is placed in the position of reticular formation of brain stem LHA (especially including parabrachial nuclei), and contacted Or it is pierced into the neuron at the position；(it is more properly that contact or piercing reticular formation of brain stem LHA include parabrachial nuclei to hypothalamus The neuron of projection)；Second output electrode is placed in lateral hypothalamic region or back zone, and contacts or be pierced into the nerve at the position Member；(be more properly contact or be pierced into the neuron that lateral hypothalamic region or back zone project to dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve)；It is defeated by the 3rd Go out the position that electrode is placed in dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, and contact or be pierced into the neuron at the position；(it is more properly contact or is pierced into fan Walk the neuron that neural dorsal nucleus projects to postganglionic neuron)；Grounding electrode is in contact with human body；(proper contact position Put be brain vertebra bottom artery, cerebrospinal fluid, more suitably position is at the brain liquid around the brain tissue where output electrode)；

(2), the impulse stimulation for the neuron of three positions carrying out that there is timing by three groups of output electrodes.Its pulse Cycle T is 250-1000 milliseconds, and corresponding pulse frequency is 1-4 hertz.(see below analysis to this pulse period and really It is fixed).

(3), impulse stimulation is preferably intermittent, i.e., after impulse stimulation for a period of time is provided, stops one section of interval Time, then carry out the impulse stimulation of lower a period of time.Can be specifically：After carrying out the impulse stimulation of 3 seconds or so, stop stimulating 2 Second or so.The purpose of intermittent granting is：In the interval for stopping stimulating, while detect the brain wave of stimulated brain (EEG), if not detecting EEG signals, next pulse stimulation is continued, if detected in interval certainly The EEG signals of hair, illustrate that brain has begun to autonomous electrical activity of brain, can stop providing impulse stimulation, observe its activity feelings Whether condition is to stablize lasting vital signs, then decides whether to continue to stimulate.

On the determination for the pulse period that impulse stimulation is carried out to lower ring oscillation circuit neuron：In existing Neurobiology Various experiment and nerve stimulation application technologies in, according to existing theory, due to impulse stimulation underfrequency when be not easy shape Integrated and snapping motion current potential into excitement, and the impulse stimulation of low frequency easily produces cynapse and transmitted and suppresses, so inevitably High-frequency impulse is selected to stimulate, i.e. tetanic stimulation.But it has been found that for the application scenario of the present invention, the frequency of impulse stimulation When too high, it is stimulated in neuron and after snapping motion current potential, still can then influences neuron outburst constantly by impulse stimulation Ion reflux motion after action potential, it can not be re-formed the physiological activities such as normal film polarization, so, it is at this moment neural Member is simply triggered by tetanic stimulation and produces accidental unordered action potential completely passively, and can not be formed sustainable has The action potential granting of the rhythm and pace of moving things, neuron can not be more set to recover physiological function and the normal action potential hair of final spontaneous generation Put, in some instances it may even be possible to more damage its physiological function and cause its inactivation.The frequency of only electric pulse stimulation is original with oscillating loop Work rhythm and pace of moving things when being close, be only possible to induce and recover the original physiological function of neuron, form lasting rhythmic action Electric spike, and neuron the action potential granting of normal spontaneous rhythmicity is finally occurred.Moreover, applicant's analysis is recognized Transmitted for, cynapse and suppress the general aminergic neuron work for being generated from neuromuscular juinction path, its physiological significance be according to Rely and produce memory efficiency in synaptic plasticity, and for lower ring oscillation loop involved in the present invention, belong to driving pulse hair Put, its physiological significance is control and the work for maintaining visceral nervous system and endocrine nervous system, and with upper ring oscillation loop Phase inter-modulation, the Nervons projection of this loop is mainly cholinergic neuron, can't produce cynapse and transmit the problem of suppressing.By This lower ring oscillation loop be present in existing theoretical always no disclose, the rhythm and pace of moving things of its oscillatory work more shown without data, (namely frequency, i.e., the rhythm for providing action potential pulse is come and gone between " reticular formation of brain stem ← → hypothalamus "), but due to this One action potential is to be faster than any of visceral nervous system as the neururgic pumping signal of visceral nervous system, its rhythm and pace of moving things The neururgic rhythm and pace of moving things, applicant according to：(1), the most fast nervous activity of visceral nervous system, namely the rhythm of the heart of heartbeat is normally In 1-2 hertzs；(2), brain is in stupor or deep sleep, additionally it is possible to which detection obtains the brain wave that frequency is less than 4 hertz (δ ripples), and lower ring oscillation loop and the presence of upper ring oscillation loop interact.So the frequency of this brain wave is or connect The work rhythm and pace of moving things of lower ring oscillation loop is bordering on, (this rhythm and pace of moving things is referred to as life basilic rhythm by applicant), 1-4 hertz can be used The electric pulse of frequency range hereby carries out electro photoluminescence to the neuron of lower loop, and corresponding pulse period T is 250-1000 millis Second.

If brain death is due to contingency, for example the reason such as outer wound, drowned, asphyxia makes the complete hypoxic-ischemic of brain It is caused, and the time of hypoxic-ischemic is not very long, (preferably within more than ten minutes), nerve cell not yet loses physiology work Property, then electro photoluminescence is carried out to the neuron of lower ring oscillation loop by using the above method, (and synchronously carry out cardiac pacing and exhale Suction machine maintains breathing, or carries out interim blood supply oxygen supply using mechanical pump), just can induce its neuron and produce lasting has the rhythm and pace of moving things Action potential granting, and neuron is recovered physiological function, produce lower ring oscillation loop autonomous rhythmic dynamic Make current potential and come and go granting, realize reactivating for brain.Certainly, if cerebrum ischemia anoxic exceedes certain time, nerve cell It has been inactivated that, for example lose film potential, lost the effect of bio-pump, then brain stimulation is just completely meaningless.

Further, if recover the pulse granting of lower ring oscillation loop, human body simply recover visceral nervous system and The work of internal system, if at this moment upper ring oscillation loop does not have normal work, brain is in depth comatose state, This is apparently not desired by us, so also need to recover the conscious thinking of brain simultaneously.Moreover, according to analysis, up and down Phase be present between " reticular formation of brain stem medial area and reticular formation of brain stem LHA " in the neuron activity of two oscillating loops Inter-modulation, so, during electric pulse stimulation is carried out to lower ring oscillation loop, while to the neuron of upper ring oscillation loop Stimulated, be advantageous to make two loops intermodulate, recover normal work faster.It is so above-mentioned to brain death in progress During the activation died, the nerve stimulation device of other playscript with stage directions invention can be used, (or set simultaneously in an impulse stimulation device Put the nerve stimulation device of two sets of present invention), the method for being used for the wake-up to depth coma patient as described above, simultaneously Impulse stimulation is carried out to upper ring oscillation loop, when recovering life basic activity, additionally it is possible to recover conscious thinking.

Working mechanism and control loop of the present invention according to brain, analyze brain stupor and the essence of brain death, and have Be directed to brain ad-hoc location neuron with putting arrow, apply the impulse stimulation of signal specific, can be to stupor or brain death Brain carries out nerve stimulation, it is recovered thinking activities or realizes that brain activates.In addition, it is intended that pass through patent application document Disclosed this mode, by essence of the applicant on the thinking of human brain, consciousness and attention, work of the human brain in neuron aspect Make and controlling mechanism, and sleep, have a dream, sleep-walking and mental disease some results of study carry out disclosure, be advantageous to society to this Further studied, and more medical applications technologies are researched and developed with this.

The method that each output electrode is placed in each target location of brain described in present specification, it can use existing Electrical brain stimulation technology, such as：Open cranium and electrode is directly punctured into target nerve member, or in the pre-buried electrode in intracerebral target location, More suitably scheme, it is that aperture is opened on brainpan or aperture is opened by nasal cavity or larynx deutomala, then matching somebody with somebody in neuroendoscopy Close under auxiliary, output electrode insertion intracerebral is placed on target location.And used electrode, it can use and be currently used for brain The electro photoluminescence of nerve and the electrode of electrical signal detection, using the special microelectrode of cranial nerve, or patch-clamp when being pierced into neuron, only Ordinary electrode is used when outside contact neuron membrane.

Electrode described in present specification, including the first output electrode, the second output electrode, the 3rd output electrode etc., all Can be an electrode or one group of (more) electrode, depending on need of work.Generally, for peripheral nerve, only It need to use single electrode, and for nervous centralis, it is further suitable that using more electrodes as same output electrode, while to same Adjacent multiple neurons of one position carry out impulse stimulation, advantageously form signal integration, produce nervous activity.

Brief description of the drawings Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the nerve stimulation device operation principle of the present invention.Fig. 2 is each output The timing diagram for the boost pulse that electrode is exported.Fig. 3 is a kind of operation principle more rationally controlled output pulse signal Block diagram.Fig. 4 is another operation principle block diagram more rationally controlled output pulse signal.Fig. 5 is that brain stem is netted The Nervons projection schematic diagram of two oscillating loops up and down between structure and thalamus and hypothalamus.

Fig. 6 is Biont information processing scantling plan.Fig. 7 is information processing system schematic diagram inside and outside organism.Fig. 8 is people Information processing system schematic diagram is felt outside intracerebral.Fig. 9 is the intrerneuron attachment structure schematic diagram of thinking passage.Figure 10 is The schematic diagram of the first neuron projections mode of " thinking → consciousness ".Figure 11 is that second of neuron of " thinking → consciousness " is thrown Penetrate the schematic diagram of mode.Figure 12 is the signal projective structure schematic diagram of human brain visual channel.Figure 13 is the letter of human brain auditory channel Number projective structure schematic diagram.Figure 14 is the operation principle schematic diagram of the oscillating loop of thought system.Figure 15 is thought system vibration The neuron projections schematic diagram of loop.Figure 16 is the signal projective structure schematic diagram of thought system oscillating loop.Figure 17 is " sea The signal projection schematic diagram of horse " average information processing loop.Figure 18 is the signal projection signal of kinetic system control loop Figure.Figure 19 is the signal projection schematic diagram of visceral nervous system.Figure 20 is the signal projection schematic diagram of emotional system.Figure 21 be every The signal projection schematic diagram of the cholinergic nerve of area and basal forebrain.

It is the principle to the present invention and the narration of specific implementation below embodiment.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the nerve stimulation device of the present invention.Electrode including main frame and connection main frame, electrode bag Reference electrode (or grounding electrode) and output electrode are included, main frame includes the pulses generation for producing stimulation pulse signal Module, each output module for being used to stimulation pulse signal being output to output electrode of each output electrode is connected, i.e., first is defeated Go out module, the second output module, the 3rd output module, it is characterised in that：Described output electrode include two groups or two groups with On output electrode, the output electrodes of Fig. 1 first, second and the 3rd, totally three groups of output electrodes；When main frame also includes output Sequence control circuit；Output timing control circuit is used for the stimulation pulse signal for controlling each output module output, makes each output electrode The boost pulse relative to reference electrode exported has the front and rear sequential relationship being sequentially output.Such as Fig. 2.

Pulses generation module belongs to prior art, caused pulse can use square wave, triangular wave, trapezoidal wave or Imitate the waveform of neuron action potential pulse.Pulse width T0 is 0.5-10 milliseconds, is further suitable that 1-5 milliseconds, quite In the pulse width of neuron action potential.Output module falls within prior art, for receiving the pulse of pulses generation module Signal, and output electrode is output to, it acts on the amplitude for being isolation buffer and regulation output pulse.The arteries and veins of each output electrode output Signal is rushed, relative to reference electrode (namely grounding electrode), its crest voltage amplitude, can be adjusted between 20-1000 millivolts Section, the state of neuron is entered and different according to electrode contact locations and electrode.

The main frame of the present invention also includes pulse period regulation circuit, for adjusting same group of output electrode (first, second He 3rd output electrode) the pulse period T of former and later two pulses that is exported.For different applications, pulse period T is different , typically between 25 milliseconds to 1000 milliseconds, see below described in application obscure portions.

Main frame of the present invention also includes time delay regulation circuit, for adjusting in same pulse exports the cycle, front and rear two Time delay Ts between former and later two pulses of individual electrode (such as the first output electrode and second output electrode) output.

Output timing control circuit is used for the work for controlling each output module so that the stimulation arteries and veins of each group output electrode output The sequential relationship of punching is：In a pulse period T, after previous output electrode exports a boost pulse, by prolonging for setting After slow time Ts, latter output electrode just exports a boost pulse.Such as：So there is three groups of output electrodes for Fig. 1 Device, in a pulse period, after the first output electrode exports a boost pulse, after a time delay Ts, the Two output electrodes export a boost pulse again, and then again after a time delay Ts, the 3rd output electrode exports one again Individual boost pulse, the like.Specifically control method can be：Pulses generation module produces a pulse signal, Ran Houjing After crossing a time delay Ts, then a pulse signal is produced, then again after a time delay Ts, then produce an arteries and veins Rush signal, and the gating that output timing control circuit is carried out successively to three output modules exports, by these three pulse signals according to It is secondary to be exported from three output modules, so as to respectively export a pulse signal successively in three groups of output electrodes.(pay attention at this moment The output pulse frequency of pulses generation module is 3 times of output electrode output pulse frequency), such control belongs to common electricity Sub- technology, it can be realized by simple MCU or digital circuit.

The nerve stimulation device of the present invention has multigroup output electrode, and each output electrode can be exported relative to reference electrode Output pulse, and the stimulation pulse signal that is exported of each group output electrode has the front and rear sequential relationship being sequentially output.Use The present invention can have to the neurons of different nodes on a certain nerve pathway respectively by each group output electrode simultaneously before The impulse stimulation of sequential relationship afterwards, nerve pathway is forced to produce the sustainable action potential hair with signal orientation transitive relation Put, so as to applied to exciting and recover some nervous activities with physiological function.(see below answering for the disclosed present invention With).

As a kind of important optimization, the present invention is also accurately set to the sequential relationship of this output pulse.Its Two pulses of front and rear two groups of output electrodes (such as first and second output electrode, second with the 3rd output electrode) output are prolonged Slow time Ts, with pulse period T, pulse width T0, three has following relation：0 ＜ Ts ＜ 1/2T-T0；It is expressed as：It is front and rear The time delay of two groups of output electrode output pulses is more than 0, and less than " half of pulse period subtracts a pulse width " Value.This STDP synaptic plasticity principles accurately set based on neuron, (Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity, i.e. Temporal dependency synaptic plasticity), according to the STDP plasticity of cynapse transmission, synaptic plasticity has tight The time dependence of lattice, efficiency and the sequential of the pulse spike potential of presynaptic caudacoria are transmitted in its cynapse has substantial connection：If The spike of presynaptic membrane then produces cynapse and transmits enhancing phenomenon, and the delay of spike earlier than the spike of postsynaptic membrane It is bigger that enhancement effect is transmitted in smaller then cynapse；If the spike of presynaptic membrane is slower than the spike of postsynaptic membrane, produce prominent Touch and transmit suppression, and the smaller then cynapse transmission decrease effect of delay of spike is bigger.In order that what the present invention stimulated Cynapse between the front and rear neuron of nerve pathway, which produces, transmits efficiency enhancing, then need to ensure the same pulse period (i.e. Acted with pulsatile once stimulation) in, the time delay for the pulse that previous output electrode is exported with latter output electrode, after being more than The time delay for the pulse that one output electrode is exported with previous output electrode.

The output pulse sequence figure of reference picture 2, it calculates that process is as follows：In the case of there are two groups of output electrodes, then exist In one pulse period T, include two pulse width T0, and two sections of time delays Ts1 and Ts2, in order to ensure the first output Time delay Ts1 between first pulse of electrode output and first pulse of the second output electrode output, less than second The time delay Ts2 of first pulse of output electrode output and second pulse of the first output electrode output, then need 2T0+2Ts1 ＜ T, release has Ts1 ＜ 1/2T-2/2T0 according to this, namely requires time delay Ts ＜ 1/2T-T0.For with Three groups and the situation of more output electrodes, because each output electrode exports in order successively, as long as ensureing former and later two electricity The output signal of pole meets situation analyzed above, so Ts ＜ 1/2T-T0 are equally needed, and because Ts needs More than 0, so there is 0 ＜ Ts ＜ 1/2T-T0.For example pulse period T is 50 milliseconds, pulse width T0 is 5 milliseconds, then when postponing Between 0 20 milliseconds of ＜ Ts ＜, such as optional 10 milliseconds.

The meaning so set is：With the boost pulse with such sequential relationship, a certain nerve pathway is gone forward respectively The nerve nucleus of different links carries out impulse stimulation afterwards, singly during boost pulse is provided the nerve pathway can not forced to produce Raw orientation activation action, so as to force to produce the nervous activity of signal transmission, moreover, this impulse stimulation has specific sequential Relation, the cynapse between front and rear two groups of neurons for being stimulated can be made to produce STDP plasticity, especially LTP cynapses enhancing effect Should, improve cynapse and transmit efficiency.So such impulse stimulation, at the same have stimulate neuron and orientation improve neuron it Between synaptic plasticity effect, be advantageous to recover nerve pathway itself signal transmit efficiency, so as to recover its physiological function, institute Can be used for the rehabilitation of the abnormal nerve pathway of a few thing.

In the nerve stimulation device of the present invention, the output characteristics of its electric pulse string is also critically important.Be currently used for into The technology of row brain stimulation, its output signal often using with other human body electric pulse stimulations or treatment technology (such as it is various in The electrotherapy technology of low-and high-frequency, acusector technology, Cardiac Pacing) equally, its impulse waveform is setting output, that is, by pulse Positive pulse or the positive and negative alternating impulse of module regulation certain frequency, waveform, dutycycle and voltage amplitude occurs, then directly acts on In target stimulation sites.These existing electric pulse stimulation technologies, it if it is for stimulating myocyte or muscular nerve or cardiac muscle cell On, as long as there is enough pulse width and voltage amplitude, just can these cells of effective stimulus to produce reaction.But such as Fruit will be used for the granting for stimulate and induce continuous action potential of the intrerneuron of Central nervous, and that is with regard to different , at this moment just it is not only to require that the stimulation that enough pulse widths and voltage amplitude are carried out to neuron can be with inappropriate Impulse stimulation not only has not been able to induce neuron granting action potential, or even can also suppress its physiological activity, obtains opposite knot Fruit.

, can be in the stable electricity of the inside and outside formation of the film of nerve cell due to the effect of ion motion according to Neurobiology Potential difference namely resting potential, the resting potential of the intrerneuron of human brain is about in -70 to -90mV, namely neuron membrane Current potential is lower 70-90mV than film volta potential, forms film polarization.Make neuron snapping motion current potential, it is necessary to be its depolarising, drop Potential difference inside and outside low film, when depolarising meets or exceeds a certain threshold value, a large amount of valtage-gated type ions on film can be opened Passage, make a large amount of interior streams of cation and form positive feedback, so as to snapping motion current potential.The Time Of Release of action potential typically only has Several milliseconds, afterwards, it is necessary to which having time is restored to original polarization for cation outflow after action potential granting completion State, can when stimulating next time snapping motion current potential again.

According to the Burst mechanism of action potential, if will be by outside electric pulse come Induced by Stimulation neuron snapping motion electricity Position, can there is two kinds of modes：1st, it is that electrode is pierced into the cell membrane of neuron (and can not be with being connected outside cell membrane), in film The interior electro photoluminescence for applying positive potential, when the rising value of film inner potential caused by this stimulation is more than activation threshold value, just can make Membrane depolarization and snapping motion current potential.2nd, it is that electrode is placed in outside neuron membrane, but needs to apply the electricity thorn of negative potential outside film Swashing, the electro photoluminescence of this negative potential has dragged down the current potential outside film, so as to relatively also drag down the potential difference in film outside counter film, When the changing value of this potential difference is more than threshold value, it can equally make membrane depolarization and snapping motion current potential.So prior art Electrode is usually placed in a certain brain position, strong positive pulse or positive and negative alternating impulse then are applied to electrode, knot caused by it Fruit actually not induces neuron and produces normal orderly action potential granting, and is due to that strong potential fluctuation stimulates Neuron produces sporadic action potential, but often suppresses the ion proper motion of neuron afterwards, it is not produced Lasting action potential granting, it can not be more set to recover spontaneous normal nervous activity.Typically, it is before real in brain stimulation It is frequently not algesiogenic sensation when the neuron to epithalamic pain transmission path applies electric pulse stimulation in testing, But pain is inhibited, this is also often used as brain stimulation analgesic (SPA), although being not aware that its specific analgesic machine System.

So applicant is carefully according to the concrete operating principle of neuron snapping motion current potential, the output to output electrode Signal optimizes, enabling more accurately induces neuron snapping motion current potential, and this action potential is to hold What supervention was put, it is more beneficial for stimulated axoneuron and forms sustainable signal transmission.

The first output pulse signal prioritization scheme of the present invention, including：Described pulses generation module, with positive pulse Output end and negative pulse output end, it can respectively export and believe relative to two kinds of pulses that grounding electrode is positive potential and negative potential Number；(this can be produced by positive-negative power, be common electronic technology)；Two output ends of positive pulse and negative pulse are by cutting Change switch to switch over, the output for switching switch is re-used as the output end of pulses generation module, is connected to each output module.Cut It can be mechanical switch or electronic switch to change switch.If it is by the way of cranium is opened, and using special when implementing brain stimulation The patch-clamp or nerve microelectrode stimulated for cranial nerve, (this microelectrode is usually used in neuroanatomical laboratory, is used for The electric signal of neuron is detected, is made of wire or micro- glass tube, only 1 micron or smaller, and only electrode tip of tip Can be conductive at end, can directly be pierced into the cell space of neuron or the film of aixs cylinder), output electrode can be stimulated In neuron membrane, then switching switch can be switched to positive pulse output end, electrode output is connected to positive pulse output end, this When output electrode be export positive potential pulse signal.This mode is the usual side that current laboratory carries out neuronal activation Formula, can reliably Induced by Stimulation neuron snapping motion current potential, but microelectrode is accurately pierced into target nerve member film, show So need to carry out operation of opening cranium, it is extremely troublesome.So if the switching switch of the present invention is switched on into negative pulse output end, make Electrode output is connected to negative pulse output end, and at this moment what output electrode exported is the pulse signal of negative potential, can directly be applied In outside the film of neuron, by dragging down film volta potential, come relative reduction film resting potential, and induced action potential.At this moment can adopt With common electrode, and open aperture on brainpan or aperture is opened by nasal cavity or larynx deutomala, then matching somebody with somebody in neuroendoscopy Close on the target location stimulated required for output electrode insertion is placed under auxiliary, output electrode need to only contacted or close to god Outside film through cell, neuron is pierced into without accurate, so operation is more convenient, wound is also smaller.

In addition, if the electric pulse stimulation put on neuron is excessively strong, particularly when neuron has been induced After action potential, strong electro photoluminescence is nevertheless suffered from, then can have a strong impact on the normal ion motion inside and outside neuron membrane, make nerve Normal film polarization can not be recovered after first snapping motion current potential, so also can not just carry out the triggering of action potential next time.Institute The activity of neuron can be inhibited in turn on the contrary with such electric pulse stimulation, or even make its inactivation, can not be carried out lasting Integrate and activate.(strong electric pulse stimulation usually is applied to the brain area domain of pain transmission path before, it is real for being relieved pain It is this reason on border, can not because at this moment the neuron of its pain transmission path suppresses even to be damaged by strong stimulation Transmit the sensation of pain).So the signal of existing electric pulse stimulation technology export, available for brain stimulation, but often god Through member due to being produced simple unordered electric discharge by strong impulse, and sustainable multiple regular event current potential can not be produced Provide, even play inhibitory action, available for the disease for relieving pain or treating various neuron paradoxical discharges, such as epilepsy, but will Wish that inducing neuron continues repeatedly to provide the application scenario of action potential for this, then it is and improper, to adjust in other words Obtain suitably stimulating width and amplitude, be relatively difficult.

Applicant is improved to this, second of output signal prioritization scheme of the invention, such as Fig. 3, is used to connect on main frame The electrode output of each output electrode (including first, second, and third output electrode) is connect, (electrode output that is to say main frame The lead-out terminal for being used to connect each output electrode outside main frame of upper setting, typically using electric connector), with each output mould Between the output end of block (including first, second, and third output module), added with an output control circuit, (equivalent to electronic cutting Powered-down road, more suitable scheme, a resistor R is also serially connected between the output end of output module and output control circuit, For buffering and producing certain voltage difference)；Electrode output is also connected to the input of a voltage detecting circuit, voltage detecting The output end of circuit is connected to a voltage comparator circuit, compared with the output pulse signal from output module；Voltage ratio Output end compared with circuit is connected to the control terminal of output control circuit, and pulse output signals are controlled by output control circuit System.When between the voltage signal for the electrode output that voltage detecting circuit detects, and the voltage signal of output module output When difference is more than setting numerical value, then output control circuit is closed, output module is closed to electricity in the pulse period remaining time The output signal of pole output end, just reopened until next pulse period.Due to the first output module to the first output electrode, Second output module to the second output electrode, the control circuit of the 3rd output module to the 3rd output electrode is the same, so Fig. 3 is only drawn all the way.

According to such output control scheme, during work, each output module each output pulse period (i.e. singly The cycle of individual pulse output), output control circuit is first switched on, and output pulse signal passes through electrode output and output electrode Put on neuron, while the voltage signal in voltage detecting circuit detecting electrode output end (equivalent to output electrode), and with The output pulse signal of output module is compared, (allowing both to have certain difference).When the pulse signal of output electrode Stimulation to neuron reaches to a certain degree, and neuron depolarizes, and opens the ion channel on film, is flowed simultaneously in a large amount of ions Positive feedback is formed, makes neuron snapping motion current potential.At this moment due to a large amount of ions drastically interior stream, overshot phenomenon is formed, makes nerve First film inner potential becomes positive potential by negative potential, and film is outer to become negative potential by positive potential, this potential change drastically, can pass through Output electrode is delivered to electrode output, causes the voltage on electrode output larger fluctuation occur, and is and output module The pulse output signals of output significantly change asynchronous.This voltage pulsation passes through detected by voltage detecting circuit Voltage comparator circuit is compared with pulse output signals, when both difference are more than setting value (such as 10%), can recognize that For neuron snapping motion current potential, then, the output of voltage comparator circuit closes output control circuit, in pulse week The phase remaining time closes output module to the output signal of electrode output, is just reopened until the next pulse cycle. It neuron is no longer influenced by the stimulation of outside electric pulse after the outburst of action potential each time, make normal inside and outside its film Ion motion is unaffected, can recover film polarized state, to stimulating next time integrate and the electricity of snapping motion again Position, form sustainable multiple action potential granting.This technical scheme, more meet the working mechanism of axoneure, Neuron snapping motion current potential can either be induced, again will not overstimulation neuron with cause neuron be suppressed inactivation or by To damage, for stimulating the neuron at the positions such as thalamus, network structure, hypothalamus, induced action potential can be continued, the company of being formed Continuous pulse granting, and the ion motion of neuron and physiological function is gradually recovered normal, finally there is spontaneous synchronous arteries and veins Punching is provided.

Further, as previously described, it is different with other pulse electrotherapy technologies, electro photoluminescence is carried out in Central nervous to induce During the sustainable granting of action potential, the stimulation amplitude to electric impulse signal is than more sensitive, should be enough to make its depolarising, But it is not so large that and inhibits its physiologically active.Applicant have also noticed that it there is also an issue here：It is electric when that will export When pole and grounding electrode are placed in different brain positions, because heterogeneity and various concentrations be present in the liquid around cerebral neuron Negative ions, certain potential difference between output electrode and grounding electrode when not working just be present, (can be described as background voltage), And this potential difference is also different with the difference of the different and residing brain position of the relative position of two electrodes, its potential difference. When providing electric impulse signal between output electrode and grounding electrode, if exported with a kind of impulse amplitude of setting, Then this just existing potential difference originally, will the amplitudes of pulse signals form overlaying influence, disturb pulse signal stimulation The accuracy of intensity.

So the third prioritization scheme of the present invention to output pulse signal, such as Fig. 4.Its electrode output is connected with one Voltage detecting circuit, (can be shared with the voltage detecting circuit of above other technologies), voltage detecting circuit is used for detecting electrode The background voltage of output end, so alternatively referred to as background voltage detection circuit, the output of voltage detecting circuit are connected with a voltage Holding circuit, holding memory is carried out to the background voltage value of voltage detecting circuit output, (equivalent to voltage memory circuit, if Circuit is to use analog circuit, then using electric capacity discharge circuit can be coordinated to form, can be direct if circuit is digital circuit Remember its magnitude of voltage), the magnitude of voltage of voltage hold circuit output is connected to a voltage overlaying circuit, the output of pulses generation module Pulse output signals, be overlapped, (if circuit uses analog circuit, can be adopted with background voltage in voltage overlaying circuit With discharge circuit, or the technology of use virtually, both are overlapped, if using digital circuit, then counted both Value carries out plus and minus calculation), it is connected to electrode output.Voltage hold circuit, voltage overlaying circuit and pulse output module (bag Include the first output module and the second output module) work, controlled by a state switching circuit, (also can be total by main frame Control circuit be controlled), specific work process is：Carry out cranial nerve stimulation every time, by grounding electrode and output electrode When the position of output electrode and grounding electrode is readjusted after being placed in target area, or in work, state switching circuit is by circuit Work switches in " detection " state, the output of output module is closed, first by the electricity in voltage detecting circuit detecting electrode output end Pressure, (potential difference between this voltage namely current output electrode and grounding electrode, namely background voltage, may be just May be negative), its output voltage values is kept (namely memory) by voltage hold circuit, and is sent on voltage overlaying circuit； Afterwards, circuit work is switched to " output " state by state switching circuit, closes the input of voltage hold circuit, (make it Output voltage keeps the magnitude of voltage that inputs before), open the work of output module, the pulse signal of output module output, in electricity It is overlapped in pressure supercircuit with background voltage, is connected to electrode output.So, the pulse letter that output electrode is exported Number, just the potential difference between two electrodes is offseted, the influence of background voltage pulse signals stimulating effect can be eliminated.

The application of the present invention, including for the wake-up to coma patient and for the activation to brain death, in " invention Content " part fully with detailed narration, (can refer to Fig. 5), be not repeated herein.Its theoretical foundation refers to following Auxiliary information.

Auxiliary information：On thinking and the essence of consciousness and the research data of human brain working mechanism.It is application with lower part Research, analysis and description of the people for the working mechanism in human thinking, consciousness, the essence of attention and its neuron aspect.This A little contents may be not directly dependent upon with technical solution of the present invention, but help to understand the operation principle of the present invention and its application and Design considerations.

In the nervous activity of brain, most basic action is exactly the granting of the action potential of neuron.Some or certain group The activity of neuron, excitatory stimulation is formed to another neuron by cynapse transmission, certain is accumulated over when these excitements One threshold value, namely the film potential of neuron integrate the activation threshold value for exceeding its action potential, then it is dynamic just to activate outburst for the neuron Make current potential, and stimulation is formed to next neuron by aixs cylinder, this is the elemental motion of brain activity, and brain is also to be come in fact with this The function of existing various information processings.Problem is：How brain realizes various brain work(by the basic activity of this neuron EnergySuch as memory, thinking, attention, consciousnessThat is to say the work of various brain functions how is described with the active actions of neuron Make mechanism

1. the origin of brain and evolution.It is to be understood that the working mechanism of brain, we are movable firstly the need of human thinking is understood Source, understand brain be the formation that how to occur with biological evolution and evolve.

1. " the simple principle " of biological evolution.It is complicated and mysterious regardless of brain, if it is recognized that humans and animals All it is to be evolved in the natural environment of the earth, this evolutionary process is not by the manipulation of non-natural strength (god), then, We seem assert this point：The Nature does not have designer to be designed in advance, and all objects of the Nature are all materials Change is produced under natural environment, and slowly accumulate these changes in the very long time and formed.And cause these changes Change and the principle of accumulation all should be simple and natural.The Nature follows this " simple principle ", using simple reason, leads to Very long accumulation is crossed, to form various complexity and cleverly object.

Such as snowflake, although exquisite and ingenious, can it is understood that is moisture in the h and c change of natural environment Inadvertently self-assembling formation.Such as natural views, it is howsoever grand and exquisite, can be it is understood that be rock and soil By the prolonged weathering dissolving of the Nature and formation.Such as flower, howsoever magnificent mansion, can it is understood that also only It is that various plants cell is formed by merisis.Likewise, the brain of the mankind is complicated regardless of 26S Proteasome Structure and Function, that It should be that nerve cell enters joining line according to certain simple principle, and slowly be accumulated in very long evolution, and simultaneously shape of evolving Into current this 26S Proteasome Structure and Function.

1. 2. from the point of view of biological evolution process, the formation and evolution of brain (human brain or animal brain) are to follow entering for organism Change process and respective change, it is that animal handles various external informations and internal body information and itself various activities is entered The tissue set of the neuron of row control.

When life enters to turn to unicellular organism from some micels, such as bacterium, at this moment not without reflecting system, only It is that the program solidified according to DNA enters line splitting duplication.

When life concern is the organism with simple structure, there is most basic eat and absorption function, it may have Locomotive function necessary to biological existence (is eaten) to feed and escape.At this moment need to live to these digestion and mobile life It is dynamic to control effectively, certain intermediate cell is then evolved to connect the organ-tissue of two kinds of difference in functionalitys so that Yi Zhongqi Being excited for official's tissue, can cause the stress reaction of another organ-tissue, reach the action eaten or moved.This link is not It is nerve cell with the intermediate cell of organ-tissue.At this moment biology is by simple and direct reflex arc and reflex action To realize the reaction controlling to stimulating input, this is most original and simple nervous system.

As biological evolution goes out various life systems, including digestive system, the circulatory system, respiratory system, internal system Deng, at this moment organism also evolve corresponding nerve fiber perceived come the work to these systems and reflection processing, receive They work when various information be internal body information, and by long-term evolution formed memory structures (be recorded in gene, It is heritable) control their work.These neural reflex tissue aggregations together, and each other by interacting And modulation, to coordinate to control the work of each system, the processing system of an internal body information is formed, they are in ridge mostly The bottom of marrow and brain, it is the part of brain early formation.

And with the need of perception and reaction of the biology to various external informations (image, sound, mechanical stimulus, smell etc.) Will, organism evolves the sensory perceptual system of each external information such as vision, the sense of hearing, tactile etc., smell, evolves corresponding nerve Organize these external informations are received, set, remember and reflected, nerve fibers of these processing external informations each collect In together, constitute the echo area corresponding to various sensations, including vision area (optic zone), listen area (acoustic Area), somatosensory area (somatic sensory area), etc..Meanwhile the complexity of external environment condition and information, also make life Thing needs more complicated activity to adapt to environment, and flight is to running from moving about to crawling into, to various more complicated more accurately machines Body acts, and biology also evolves corresponding nerve fiber to carry out coordination control to the muscle movement of body, and these are moved to muscle The nerve fiber for coordinate control flocks together, and forms the kinetic system including cerebellum etc., and how basis Various external informations, come react and control body movement nerve fiber aggregation, just constitute each motion in cortex point Area.Various sensory systems and kinetic system, the external information processing system of organism is together constituted, it is various for receiving External information, and by the memory structures of long-term habits react and control the athletic performance of organism.

The internal information processing system of body had clearly a need for each other with external information processing system and in the presence of contacting and Influence each other.Such as when engine body exterior information processing system carries out more violent motion, it is necessary to which internal information processing system carries For more oxygen and nutrition；When internal information processing system perceives starvation, it is necessary to which external information processing system is looked for The action of food.So from the aspect of total, brain is actual be exactly organism internal information processing system and external information processing The set of system two systems, and a kind of passage of phase inter-modulation be present, to be influenced each other and be modulated to two systems.In It is the scantling plan for forming Biont information processing as shown in Figure 6.

With the abundant and complexity of various information, organism needs to receive the input of a variety of interior external informations simultaneously, to these The reaction of information can not be simple reflex, and must integrate various information and according to the adaptation sexual custom formed for a long time (i.e. Memory) make the reaction of the various information of balance.For example biology to be gone to for the odiferous information of food, and near food The dangerous information of vision allow biology to need to escape, then biology need to be compared the signal intensity gone to and escaped with it is whole Close, can only finally export a kind of action --- go to or escape.So organism is evolved to various input information and middle letter The Combined Treatment part that is compared, switches, integrating is ceased, wherein just being formd to the Combined Treatment part of external information so-called Thought system.Information processing system schematic diagram inside and outside organism as shown in Figure 7.(for sake of simplicity, Fig. 7 only marks inside and outside each two Bar information processing passage).

1. 3. then, the result of biological evolution, the set of the various nerve fibers reflected information, is just constituted Brain.Due to the complicated even contradiction of various inside and outside information, it is various to connect that brain evolves substantial amounts of intrerneuron Feel the nerve fiber of input, compare, switch, coordinate and integrate various information by these intrerneurons, this part Form the brain tissues such as the reticular formation of brain stem of brain, thalamus, hippocampus, bottom thalamus, corpus straitum, cerebellum, upper hypothalamus.Afterwards, As various information are further complicated, core group in part further extends and expanded, and forms cerebral cortex, including akrencephalon.Such as Fig. 8 institutes Show.(for sake of simplicity, Fig. 8 only draws partial information passage).

And with the gregarious life of animal and the complication of living environment, in order to preferably survive and live, zoogeny Generate the language for exchange of information.Here voice is broad sense, including the language of sound, body language, and various lifes The language of thing information such as smell.For the mankind, abundant language and corresponding word are also more distinguishingly generated.For this The input and output and processing of a little language and text information, brain is also the set by having evolved a series of intrerneuron To realize.Including：Auditory speech centre (obedient maincenter) positioned at superior temporal gyrus rear portion, for believing the sound for listening area to be received Language message in breath is identified.Broca's speech center Broca (maincenter of speaking) positioned at gyrus frontalis inferior rear portion, control oral cavity and pharynx The muscle of larynx is realized and spoken.Sense of vision speech center (reading maincenter) on the angular convolution of inferior parietal lobule, is received to vision area Visual information in text information be identified.Motility word maincenter (cheirokinesthetic center) positioned at middle frontal gyrus rear portion, passes through Control finger muscles realize the writing of word.

Because language message and text information are so abundant, the information content that they are formed is very huge and complicated, right Understand, speak, reading, writing the input and output of each maincenter and the work of computing with words, also being formd in cortex substantial amounts of Intrerneuron, for linking these maincenters, language and text information that the neuron of these maincenters is inputted or exported Be attached, remember, recombinating, reacting, exporting, etc., bunchiness is formed into the message sense of the language of section.Such as in understanding Pivot input language, or read maincenter input word, preserve memory in the intrerneuron of cortex, and set up them it Between incidence relation, when these language are heard in next time or seeing these words, can activate cortex it is original preserve memory that A little neurons, the language of identified input and the meaning (meaning of a word) of word are come with this.On the other hand, when the centre of brain associated cortex Neuron can also be projected the neuron of the maincenter of speaking or cheirokinesthetic center by feedback, pass through these at movable (i.e. thinking) The activation output of neuron, the bit string of human thinking is exported, formation is spoken or write.

1. 4. so, the work of brain, be perceive, remember and reflect using neuron it is various input and output letter Breath, and integration processing is carried out to various input/output informations and average information using intrerneuron, so as to body Various outputs carry out coordination control.As the development of body and environmental concerns and body construction itself tend to complicated and fine, greatly Also there is corresponding complicated and fine evolution in brain, and makes the chain of its information processing due to producing Inter Modulation between each several part Road becomes complicated.Wherein with various sensory informations and athletic performance complication and become more meticulous, the especially sensation of language Input and movement output, and integration processing namely thinking and memory to these information, make cerebral cortex especially akrencephalon Neuronal quantity correspondingly quickly increases, and enlarged volume turns into human brain the best part.

These existing knowledges of description brain evolutionary process, it is therefore intended that expression this point：From the point of view of biological evolution, people The each nerve nucleus and its information processing mechanism that brain is formed when entering mammal, reptile and even entering fish (being similar to shown in Fig. 8), has just been basically unchanged.In human brain in early days just formed existing for position such as reticular formation of brain stem, big It is still core and leading position in the system work of brain, and some later stages evolve the position to be formed such as cortex especially akrencephalon skin Matter, although bulky, the small nut group before being expands and formed because information increase causes neuron to increase, and it is in people It is still the status of subordinate in the system work of brain.(as we can not just think both legs in human body because of the thick prosperity of thigh Brain is substituted to turn into the core of human physiological activity and dominate in evolutionary process).So although the identification and cognition of information, think of The nervous activity of the big higher brain function such as peacekeeping memory, movement output mostly occurs in cortex especially akrencephalon, but to these god Control through activity, namely the core of the controlling mechanism of whole brain system work, do not lie in cortex, do not lie in akrencephalon, and In the biological evolution earliest period just existing band of brain stem and diencephalon one, including reticular formation of brain stem, thalamus, upper hypothalamus etc..(brain Controlling mechanism be emphasis, will be in third portion below, i.e., " the 3. controlling mechanism of human thinking activity " be described in detail).

2. the essence of thinking and consciousness.Want analytic thinking and consciousness, it is also desirable to understand cognition and memory, this is the two of thinking Individual basis and prerequisite.Cognition is perception and identification of the brain to various stimulations, and by remembering the information by cognition Preserve, afterwards, the mistake that brain is reacted and reintegrated to the information by cognition and the average information by memory Journey, just form thinking.

2. the essence 1. remembered and working mechanism.Applicant is in the application number submitted on October 30th, 2014 In the specification of 2014106066977 Chinese patent application " analogue means and method of neutral net ", essence to memory, Formation, short-term memory is different from long-term memory and converts, and is described.In brain neuron network, the essence of memory is " the unique sexual reflex " of neuron.When a neutral net obtains the thorn of some information (minimum most basic information word) input When swashing, namely obtaining the incoming stimulation of action potential of one or one group neuronal activation, the attachment structure of the neutral net, make It has and only another or another group of neuron obtain it is sufficiently excited integrate, activation snapping motion current potential simultaneously exports new Information word, this is the basic neuron activity of memory.In brain, the identification and memory of external information are present in cerebral cortex, And the memory to various average informations first betides the center-aisle of information transmission, (such as hippocampus), just exist after repeatedly stimulating Cerebral cortex forms long-term memory.Specific works refer to before application documents, be not detailed herein.

2. the working mechanism recognized.The basis and premise of cognition and thinking, or perhaps the previous procedure of thinking. Traditionally recognize and mixed sometimes for together with thinking, but actually cognition and the thinking process that to be two different, and use has The working method of difference is realized.Cognitive activities are present on various sensory neurons and primary sensory cortex, using parallel Mode carries out information processing, and thinking is the intrerneuron of cortex especially associated cortex, output information to cognition and Average information caused by thinking itself is launched, reacted and reintegrated, and output control information or new average information Process, it is operated using serial manner.

On recognizing the cognitive process especially with respect to vision, the sense of hearing and tactile, there is more pertinent literature to its nerve Link and work carry out disclosure, only sketch the concurrent working mode of cognition here.Cognition is that brain enters to the cog-nitive target in the external world Row perceives and the process of identification, because cog-nitive target has complicated and diversified information, in order to realize the identification to them, it is necessary to same When perceive their multiple information, to limit a cog-nitive target jointly, so, the perception of cognitive process and identification using The concurrent working mode of information, then limit and identify cog-nitive target by many-to-one projection.Such as an object Visual cognition, be according to knowledge can be realized because the image of object includes the much informations such as size, shape, color, brightness Other needs, while one or more of which information is perceived, and every kind of information has different values, it is also possible to need The size of its value is perceived, finally identifies this object further according to the information of these perception to limit jointly.Specifically Flow is probably：(1), brain carrys out the shapes and sizes of perceptual image by several sensory neurons of eyes, and colouring information is bright Information is spent, and by the speed and sequential of action potential granting, namely this is several to export transmission for frequency coding and time encoding The value of information, this coded system advantageously reduce and simplified the nerve pathway of information transmission.(2), Visual output information is projected Onto corpus geniculatum lateral and primary visual cortex.This projection is that much information path is all projected, but is led in each information It is one-to-many projection relation on road.Primary visual cortex has very tight and ordered arrangement array architecture, can be according to every The granting speed and sequential of the neuron action potential of one pathways for vision input, to make varying number and different positions in arrangement architecture The neuron put is activated, and be that is to say the frequency coding and time encoding of each vision input information, is converted into space The space encoding of one group of neuron activity of upper varying number and diverse location.(3), primary visual cortex projects joint optic cortex. This projection is many-to-one relation on locus, forms the space encoding of high level overview.I.e. primary visual cortex it is multiple (or It is multigroup) the common activation of neuron provides action potential, (or one group) neuron on joint optic cortex carried out jointly Collaboration stimulates, and being integrated by the film of excitement, which makes this (or one group) neuron obtain activation, provides.It will correspond to so as to realize Multiple (multigroup) neurons of much information and different value, carry out co-map and limit (one group) neuron, and this Individual (or one group) neuron, just uniqueness correspond to original cog-nitive target, so as to realize the identification to cog-nitive target.⑷、 If visual signal is related to word, the neuron combined on optic cortex also (reads maincenter, in reading to sense of vision speech center Pivot also belongs to joint optic cortex) projected, word is identified.(5), the provision of visual cortical neurons is combined, into For the information output by cognition, by the activity of the intrerneuron of intrerneuron especially associated cortex, thinking is carried out With the activity of various reflex responses.

It is similar with vision as the sense of hearing, tactile and other cognitive processes felt.Wherein auditory information is by cochlea hair Cell enters brain stem by auditory nerve, medial thalamus geniculate body relay, to primary auditory cortex project, then from primary auditory cortex to Joint auditory cortex projects, and realizes the identification to sound.If auditory information is related to language, joint auditory cortex is also to audio language Pivot (obedient maincenter) projection is called the turn, language is identified.But, from the point of view of brain function, joint optic cortex should have directly to The Nervons projection path of motor cortex, and combine auditory cortex without this projection, thus brain can without should be noted with thinking and The athletic performance of body is directly controlled according to visual information, but the sense of hearing can not.In addition, the various sensations including vision and the sense of hearing Cortex seems there is a region projected jointly, the various sensory informations of same cog-nitive target is obtained cross-pair and answers.Than Such as, the vivid identification information to someone, with name and sound carry out correspondingly, its name and shape can be recalled when hearing sound As.And the region of the crosswise projection of maincenter and obedient maincenter is read, it that is to say so-called semantic cortical area.

2. the 3. essence of thinking.And the activity of the intrerneuron of cortex especially associated cortex, if in various modulation Under the conditions of, form controlled, orderly, successively, (or by group) step-type activation, namely chain type activation one by one, (activation That is to say snapping motion current potential), be the neuron activity of thinking citation form.Specifically, as shown in figure 9, a certain nerve Member such as neuron a aixs cylinder can establish synaptic contact, another god with the dendron or cell space of other ten hundreds of neurons Dendron through member such as neuron b can also be established with the aixs cylinder of other ten hundreds of neurons synaptic contact, these cynapses Structure is set up before being by various sign stimuluses, (including direct imformation memory and other indirect associations), So that when neuron a is activated and when producing action potential, neuron b is passed to by cynapse and applies excited, and neuron b exists Under the excited excitation of other neurons collaboration, (namely excited spatial integration, include the modularity effect of modularity neuron, With the cooperative exiting of lock-out pulse, there is detailed narration later), also it is activated and snapping motion current potential, that is, has neuron a → god Through first b.Likewise, neuron b activation, its action potential granting can be to other neurons such as neuron c, neuron d etc. Form excited stimulate so that neuron c below, neuron d are also sequentially activated, and form neuron a → b → c → d →... ... Deng chain type activation.Because each or each group of neuron correspond to a certain most basic information namely information word, such as god Through first a corresponding informances member A, neuron b corresponding informance member B, neuron c corresponding informance members C, etc., then neuron a → b → c → Information word corresponding to this activation chain of d →... ..., a string of message sense A → B → C → D →... ... being sequentially output just are formed, this Kind neuron in neutral net produces controlled, orderly, stepping successively chain type activation action, is that thinking is most basic Nervous activity form, it that is to say the essence of the thinking in neuron aspect.Neuron described here, can be one or one Group, it is basic neural unit that is corresponding and limiting an information word.Described activation, be neuron outburst once or continuous several times Action potential, due to synaptic facilitation, many neurons activation provide be probably continuous several times.

2. the 4. working method of thinking.The working method of thinking, it that is to say that such as how the transmission of exciting signal comes neuron Chain type activation is carried out in a manner of realizing information processing.Because the synaptic contact between neuron is enormous amount and complicated , neuron a activate and cause neuron b activate the reason for be many, this can be following several.

2. the synaptic contact 4. 1. established because of imformation memory.A → B information was once repeatedly inputted before i.e., and Produced between neuron a and neuron b and establish directly and transmit efficiency synaptic contact powerful enough, (effect is transmitted in cynapse It can be typically due to the cynapse quantity formed each other, and the transmissions efficiency decision of each cynapse) so that neuron a quilts When activating and neuron b being stimulated, neuron b is triggered due to obtaining enough excited integrate and is produced action potential, production Raw neuron a → b → reflex chain, the thinking output of this form, essence and recalling to original remembered information Journey, its more detailed work refer to the narration of No. 2014106066977 Chinese patent applications.

2. the 4. 2. modulating action of modularity neuron.From other nervous activities such as emotional system, kinetic system, Its caused modularity neuron includes the enhancing of enhancement modulation to neuron b modulating action, or inhibition modulation Weaken so that when neuron a activate, neuron b is activated because cynapse is integrated, generation neuron a → b → reflection Chain.(separately having narration behind specific works).

2. the cooperative exiting effect of self-synchronous exciting pulse is 4. 3. carried out.Especially from thought system " attention " control loop Effect.Neuron a activation, stimulated by aixs cylinder to substantial amounts of rear neuron granting, it is apparent that these rear neurons are not All it is activated, only when the region where neuron b is pointed in the lock-out pulse granting of thinking " attention " control loop, neuron B is just stimulated by the collaboration of lock-out pulse and is integrated and activate, generation neuron a → b → reflex chain.And if " attention " control ring The lock-out pulse on road is provided to the region of other neurons, then is probably that another neuron such as neuron f is activated, and is produced Neuron a → f → reflex chain.It should say, under same mood and same physiological status, the thinking activities of brain, mainly Ground is the control by the synchronization motivationtheory pulse of " attention " control loop, and is also exactly that lock-out pulse obtains the movable of neuron To form the activation of the chain type of " stepping " formula orderly in same path electronic technology is functioned similarly to without confusion, lock-out pulse The SECO effect of clock signal in the central processing unit in field.The working mechanism of " attention " is the emphasis of brain work, will In third portion below, i.e., " the 3. controlling mechanism of human thinking activity " is described in detail.

2. the 4. comprehensive function of various excited excitations.Because the synaptic contact between neuron is huge and complicated , the Production conditions and approach of the activation of neuron chain type, there can be directly fixed reflection contact without establishing each other, But trigger activation because of the co-integration of the intrerneuron of other indirect associations.Such as neuron e and neuron f it Between do not have not direct and fixed reflective relation originally, (namely there is no imformation memory relation), so, although neuron e and god The weaker general synaptic contact of efficiency is transmitted through establishing to have between first f, (due to by indirect information between related neuron Stimulate, establish has an extensive in general synaptic contact each other, and if the cynapse negligible amounts established each other, and often The transfer performance of individual cynapse is relatively low, then the transmission efficiency of this cynapse is just weaker), this weak synaptic contact can transmit emerging The effect of putting forth energy is weaker, and original neuron e activation is not enough to cause neuron f also to produce activation, still, if swashed in neuron e Before work, there are neuron a, b, c, d activation, (namely neuronal activation of relevant information), repeatedly to neuron f to pierce Swash, these are stimulated, and neuron f is occurred film excited, and forms film integration, (this be also working memory producing cause it One, working memory be due to cynapse transmission film integrate and short-term synaptic journey plasticity and it is caused), and simultaneously also have modularity The modulating action of neuron, so that when neuron e activation granting and the lock-out pulse of simultaneous " attention " control access Excitation when, neuron e passes to neuron f weak excitatory stimulation, be enough to make neuron f cynapses integrate after it is emerging Value of putting forth energy exceedes the threshold value of action potential, so as to trigger action current potential, produce neuron e → f → reflex chain.In such case Under, neuron e excitement has stimulated key effect to the end, (last straw).Chain type caused by this mode swashs It is living, it is the principal mode of human thinking, and the reason for brain can carry out free thinking, it builds without front and rear information before It is vertical to have direct memory relation, but produced by whole message structure to integrate, so, it and non-information are recalled again, But the output of new message sense no before can be produced, produce the thinking of " freedom ".Certainly, the thinking of so-called " freedom " is Relative, it is to refer to produce new message sense no before, but its generation is still by other various collateral informations Limit.When being inputted in face of information, the travel direction of chain type activation namely the thinking of thinking, by the connection knot of related Neurons Structure and multiple modulation paths and the joint effect of " attention " control access.The attachment structure of wherein related Neurons that is to say original There are the memory structures of relevant information, including knowledge, event, experience etc., this is the basis to form intelligence；And " attention " control access Effect power with each modulation path also can be variant in different people, and this is the main reason for forming different " personality ".

2. the 4. 5. spontaneous discharge of neuron.Corticocerebral neuron, because synaptic contact each other is extensive , so, other neurons outside the activation chain of thinking passage, at a time, it is also possible to have part can be due to continuous Produced film by various excited stimulate and integrate simultaneously trigger action current potential, produce so-called spontaneous discharge.But applicant speculates, by It is sporadic in this spontaneous discharge, fails again and other excitement excitations form synergism action including lock-out pulse etc., typically Fail to encourage next neuron again and form chain type activation, so thinking activities are not become, and that simply isolates provides certainly Electricity.But this spontaneous discharge is also to have its biological significance：Due to the spontaneous discharge of neuron once in a while, neuron can be made Cell space and cynapse keep certain physiological activity, maintain its physiologically active.And due to receiving the correlation god with synaptic contact Excited stimulation through member, and its spontaneous discharge forms stimulation to these related Neurons, so " can refresh " and these god Synaptic contact through member, the validity of its synaptic contact is improved, that is to say and enhance what this synaptic contact of dependence was set up Memory structures.This mechanism should be the other systems such as kinetic system for existing brain.Moreover, this mechanism seems It can also be had an effect during sleep, so, we are, it can be seen that by repetition learning or the information or technical ability of exercise sometimes, even if Later do not go to learn or contact again, some can become apparent from or more skilled in a few days.

2. the essence 5. realized.Consciousness is one of most mysterious function of brain.Applicant is according to brain in information processing Link and flow, think：Consciousness is brain self perceiving to thinking activities.When brain carries out thinking, Ye Ji great The intermediate nerve metanetwork of brain associated cortex is when carrying out thinking activities, the activation of the neuron of thinking passage, its aixs cylinder one side Neuromuscular juinction is formed towards above other neurons to continue to encourage thinking activities, on the other hand also corticopetal joint sense simultaneously Feel that the neuron in area forms projection so that the activity of the neuron of thinking passage is perceived by cortical sensibility area, and then, brain is just Perceive and recognize the thought and being of " I ".Projection of the neuron activity of this associated cortex to sensory cortex neuron, Enable sensory cortex to produce the thinking activities of associated cortex self to perceive, this is the essence of consciousness.In normal person, and Under normal waking state, this sensory cortex for receiving projection seems mainly audio joint sensory area, especially language Call the turn pivot, thus we daily " consciousness " to " thinking " be to be carried out with language mostly.(for congenital deafness mute, due to it Perception of sound can not be formed, and neutral net has plasticity and compensatory, then can be carried out with the sign language of sense of vision, it is this Sign language falls within language).Certainly, the audio sensory area and sense of vision sensory area described in us, all it is artificially defined, reality On be all to be realized with the intrerneuron of nervous centralis.Projection of this thought process to sensory cortex perceives with self Biological significance, it should be by various average informations caused by thought process, as new information, project sensory area and felt Know and input, to be remembered to this average information or to be recombinated with original information, (this memory first appears as work Work is remembered, and is then converted to long-term memory and long-term memory in some cases afterwards), with the information of its memory of this constantly improve Structure.But projected again just because of this so that thought process can be perceived by the sensory cortex of brain, us " is known Road " and " consciousness " arrive the content and process of thinking, us is generated this marvellous " consciousness ".If without it is this again Projecting the path perceived, then brain is just simply reflected and reacted output to input information, without " knowing " and " consciousness ", Also will not self-perfection message structure, just simply belong to elementary biological neural reflex mechanism, it is automatic more like one in other words Change machine.Obviously, this be also current artificial intelligence and the essential distinction of human brain place：Current artificial intelligence only possesses pair The ability of perception, identification, processing, reaction and the output of external input information, and lack to information process self perceive, With the ability that average information caused by information process is incorporated into original information structure in real time, namely shortage " self Consciousness " and " self-perfection " ability.Obviously, the not essential understanding and understanding to human brain " consciousness ", will design real tool The artificial intelligence for having " consciousness " is not just known where to begin at all.Essence and work of the applicant according to above-mentioned human brain " thinking " and " consciousness " Principle, " attention " controlling mechanism also described later on thinking, and solve in a manner of cleverly wherein most difficult The technology by " self-perfection " in average information real-time integration to original information structure, devise the people of brand-new operation principle Work intelligence system, disclosure will be carried out in the patent application of " there is autopsychic artificial intelligence system " for proposing afterwards.

Applicant further believes that：There is the modulation path from hypothalamus or brain stem in brain, that is, sleep and lead to the modulation awakened Road so that normal person is under waking state, and for the intrerneuron of associated cortex when carrying out thinking activities, it activates the nerve of chain Member is mainly projected to joint Auditory cortex, and the projection to vision and other sensory cortexs is suppressed, so brain pair Thinking self perceive and consciousness, mainly realized with audio sensation.This is primarily due to visual cortex and also there are Direct projection to motor cortex is to carry out unconscious daily routines, and the sense of hearing does not have, if the visual information of thinking activities Also projected to visual cortex, be then likely to result in the confusion of " vision-motion " reaction.Only (slept under non-waking state Sleep and have a dream, or certain mental disease such as schizophrenia), the suppression to visual cortex is released singularly, and thinking activities are produced Raw information can just be projected to visual cortex, brain is produced appreciable image illusion, just as seeing.(close In have a dream and schizophrenia, behind be described elsewhere).

2. the producing method 6. realized.The producing method of consciousness, namely in thought process in associated cortex thinking path Between feedback mode of delivery of the neuron to cortical sensibility area, this may have two ways：

2. 6. 1. first way is that the intrerneuron of thinking path directly carries out chain type activation, such as neuron a1 → B1 → c1 → activation chain, its activity do not influenceed by cortical sensibility area, simply in this course, neuron a1, b1, c1 are same When hair side shoot projected to cortical sensibility area, its corresponding neuron such as neuron a2, b2, c2 is perceived this thinking Journey, that is, produce a2 → b2 → c2 → self perceive, so as to produce self " consciousness ".In this fashion, thinking is by combining The intrerneuron of cortex is directly caused, and sensory cortex simply passively perceives and recognized this thinking activities.Its nerve First mode of delivery is as shown in Figure 10.

2. 6. 1. the second way is that the chain type activation of thinking activities is in associated cortex neuron and sensory cortex nerve Come and gone between member and intersect what is carried out, the mode of delivery of its neuron is as shown in figure 11.Its process includes：(1), the god of thinking path Every one-step activation through member, such as neuron a1 activation, just simultaneously to next neuron b1 and the corresponding neuron of sensory cortex A2 carries out projection excitation；(2), the neuron a2 of sensory cortex is activated by triggering and is perceived this information；(3), sensory cortex neuron A2 activation, and carry out projection excitation to the neuron (including neuron a2) of associated cortex in turn；(4), associated cortex Neuron b1 receives a1 and a2 excitation, triggering activation simultaneously；(5), neuron b1 activation, and simultaneously to next neuron c1 Projection excitation is carried out with the corresponding neuron b2 of sensory cortex；(6), sensory cortex neuron b2 activation perceives this information；⑺、 Sensory cortex neuron b2 activation, and carry out projection to the neuron (including neuron c1) of associated cortex in turn and swash Encourage；(8), neuron c1 receives b1 and b2 excitation, triggering activation ... simultaneously；Finally, associated cortex thinking path equally occurs Neuron a1 → b1 → c1 → activation chain, and the neuron of sensory cortex similarly generate a2 → b2 → c2 → self Perceive and formed consciousness, but this process be by a1 → a2 → b1 → b2 → c1 → c2 → round projection in a manner of carry out. In this fashion, sensory neuron is each step of real-time perception thinking activities, and participates in and define under thinking activities One activation action.

2. 6. 2. it can not directly determine that it is with above-mentioned to realize perception with reliable anatomical documentation, applicant in detail due to lacking Any mode is carried out, but applicant is by a kind of special thinking, i.e. the thinking of language is analyzed this and speculated. In the mankind, thinking Many times are carried out with language, and only a few special just has the thinking of non-language.The mankind's Language thinking is usually to be carried out with the first mother tongue, but also can include the second mother tongue with foreign language to carry out, and this is applicant Think that consciousness is thinking passage to the reason for joint sensory cortex projection, and this is our analytic thinkings to the projection side of consciousness Formula provides a kind of approach：If projection of the thinking to consciousness is first way, i.e., thinking activities are the middle god of associated cortex Through first independent progress, joint sensory cortex (the sensation identification of language and the joint sensory area for belonging to sensory cortex) is passive Perceive this activity, then, thinking is still either carried out with foreign language with mother tongue, thinking activities all should be able to normally swimmingly Carry out and produce result of thinking, simply thinking not necessarily reliably can be perceived and recognized sometimes；On the contrary, if thinking is to meaning The projection of knowledge is the second way, i.e. thinking is to come and go to carry out between associated cortex and the neuron of sensory cortex, then, When carrying out thinking with unskilled foreign language, thinking activities will necessarily have some setbacks, and can be obstructed when proceeding to unacquainted foreign language word, Result of thinking can not be produced.Actual conditions are the latter, and brain is usually discontinuous when carrying out thinking with unskilled foreign language, by Hinder and be difficult to down, so applicant speculates, the thinking of the thinking of brain, at least language, thought in associated cortex The intrerneuron of path is tieed up, between the neuron of sensory cortex, comes and goes and carries out chain type activation.Certainly, this is worked Journey is also influenceed by the modulation of lock-out pulse and other modulation intelligences simultaneously.(see " 2. 4. 3. the collaboration from lock-out pulse is made With ".The also third portion controlling mechanism of activity " human thinking " below).

2. 6. 3. if thinking with consciousness is to carry out by this way, i.e., the neuron of thinking path and sensory cortex it Between come and go projection and realize, because thinking activities need the cooperative exiting of the lock-out pulse of " attention " control loop, then, in language In the thinking activities of opinion on public affairs, each stepping of neuron activity, more lock-out pulse is just needed to come cooperative exiting, thinking The neuronal activation of path at least needs once, and the neuronal activation of sensory cortex at least needs once, (says here at least, is Because neuron just produces once activation sometimes for lock-out pulse excitation more than once and provided).And it is known that brain is lived Dynamic lock-out pulse, it can be detected to obtain, namely brain wave.So in the thinking activities of language, even most tight Open in most fast thinking, the quantity of the word for the thinking activities that can appreciate that in the speed of thinking, i.e. certain time, most soon not The half of the brain wave rhythm and pace of moving things can be exceeded.This can be verified by contrived experiment.

2. 6. 4. it is applicant's understanding that thinking and consciousness also have its biology in a manner of being carried out by this round crosswise projection Meaning and reasonability.Each step activity of thought process all projects sensory cortex in real time, brain is perceived in time and is integrated this One information, projection is returned in thinking path again again for the perception of sensory cortex, and thinking activities are carried out to influence and limit again, promoted Thinking is set more accurately to be carried out in relevant information.Moreover, from the point of view of the anatomical structure of brain, cerebral cortex has enormous amount Dense arrangement neuron, (especially cones and granular cell), and any directly Nervons projection link in brain Neuron quantity (changing first number) it is all few, the simply projection link of 2 to 5 neurons, but our thinking is lived mostly It is dynamic but to input, export and integrate the surprising serial message sense of length, such as, remember or recite the text up to upper K word Chapter！Obviously, brain is exactly based on the work for carrying out coming and going projection between neuronal quantity huge sensory cortex and associated cortex Flowing mode, come the article remembered and export this byte number huge bunchiness.Wherein, sensory cortex has remembered language and word Single word, and associated cortex has remembered the connection relation between them.When we read and when remembering one section of article, it is Have by the attachment structure for the intrerneuron for changing associated cortex (cortex for including hippocampal formation) to remember between word The connection relation of front and rear sequential；And when we recall this section of article, it is under the control of synchronization motivationtheory pulse, with the side of stepping Formula activates associated cortex successively, and these have the intrerneuron of sequential connection relation, and the reading maincenter with sensory cortex in real time Carry out coming and going projection, then sensory cortex perceives these words one by one, produces the language perception of bunchiness, realizes and recall article Rise.(this recalling to original article remembered, a kind of form of thinking activities is fallen within, seen " 2. 4. 1. because information is remembered The synaptic contact recalled and established ").

2. 6. 5. in the thought process of above-mentioned this language, the neuronal activation of language sensory area is same in cortex When, can also be to the related motor area of language in cortex, including speak maincenter and cheirokinesthetic center is projected.But the two maincenters Output is usually being closed, (being suppressed by modulation nerve member, or/and the cooperative exiting without lock-out pulse), only When needing to speak or write, the two motor centers are just opened, and (modularity neuron suppresses to release, or/and lock-out pulse Effective granting excitation), then, the information of language thinking activities can carry out movement output simultaneously, that is, spoken or write.

If by with 2. 6. 2. as a same reason in a manner of analyzed, the result is that：Speak maincenter or cheirokinesthetic center is Passively receive the information projection of thinking activities and it is descending exported to kinesitherapy nerve, without participate in thinking process.Institute So that cacology, words will not be write, and all without being normally carried out for influence thinking activities, or even there is also brain sometimes and " think It is different with what is said " situation.

2. what is be 6. analyzed above certainly is the thinking activities of thought system " conscious ", and for other systems, such as Kinematic system, because cortical motor areas can both receive the output projection of associated cortex, it can also directly receive cortical sensibility area Projection, so the athletic performance of kinematic system both can be by the output control of thought system or without thinking system " attentions " and " consciousness " of system and directly carry out, its macro manifestations is, in face of external information stimulation, body directly produces instead It should act, then just be paid attention to and perceived by thought system.

2. the 7. relation between thinking, consciousness and attention.Thinking is that the intrerneuron of associated cortex is orderly enters successively Capable chain type activation, and it is sensory cortex self perceiving to thinking activities to realize, so, consciousness produces dependent on thinking. And it is the control loop of thought system according to the working mechanism of brain " attention ", (seeing below content described in third portion), " attention " Receive various sensory stimulis, by comparing, competing and suppress mutually, integrate out and coordination control is carried out to multiple information processing passages A kind of control mode.The sensing of " attention " determines that at a time which partial nerve member of the thought system of brain receives Perceive and input and carry out thinking activities, and the thinking activities feedback of these neurons projects sensory area, is perceived area's nerve Member is perceived, and is generated " consciousness ".So " attention " is a kind of control mode, " thinking " is a kind of reflex activity, and " consciousness " is A kind of perception." attention " controls " thinking ", and " thinking " generates " consciousness ".

In general, this three often depends on each other for existence, and the place of brain institute " attention ", is the interior of thinking activities Hold, while can also be arrived by brain institute " consciousness ".Especially when thinking is being carried out in the form of language, thinking activities feedback The sensory area (should be auditory speech centre) for carrying out language identification is projected, us is consumingly experienced this language Thinking processes, consumingly experience the presence of " consciousness ".But in the thinking activities of some other non-language, such as before In the thought process for the operation sex work lifted, by action can be had " attention " by thought system and have " consciousness " to be controlled System or directly carry out without " attention " and " consciousness " of thought system, or even can also be dependent on kinetic system The procedural memory of system and carry out, so easily make we do not make clear the association between " attention ", " thinking " and " consciousness " and Difference.

3. the controlling mechanism of human thinking activity.The signal transacting and controlling mechanism of brain are the most important contents of brain. Before, we can understand the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of brain by anatomy, and the general projection for understanding each neural link of brain is closed System, or even single neuron and the structure and working principle of cynapse can be understood, but still the memory of brain, thinking can not be understood It is to the whole brain work overall (at least to thought system therein) with the essence and work, its main cause of consciousness Make mechanism, especially its signal transacting and the mechanism of control, lack a systematic understanding, this causes us to recognize brain Know the limitation as taken a part for the whole.And transmission and the controlling mechanism of this signal are once understood, much on brain Problem, or even the essence and cause of some mental diseases, can be readily solved.

3. the 1. Railway Project on thinking.Above analyze the most basic neuron action of thinking activities, i.e., it is neural The chain type activation of member is the citation form of brain thinking, and the essence of thinking.Neuron is formed due to orderly activation successively Chain type activates, and being sequentially output for the information word corresponding to the neuron of this chain type activation, forms message sense, is thinking.

But if only activated with the chain type of neuron to form thinking, at least also there is Railway Project in that：

3. 1. if without otherwise coordinative role, then the activation of a neuron, possibly can not individually lead Cause next neuronal activation, it is also possible to cause multiple rear neurons while activate, be not at this moment just orderly chain type occur to swash It is living, but radial large-scale neuronal activation occur, this obviously do not meet our thinkings it is serial and orderly the characteristics of.

3. 1. 2. brain stimulates the input of (the various sensations such as vision, sense of hearing) in the various external informations of synchronization, all The activation of brain related Neurons may be triggered, if without certain controlling mechanism, then these outside stimulus all may be simultaneously Trigger a plurality of chain type to activate, form multiple thinkings while carry out, it is clear that it is simply single in the same time that this does not meet our thinkings yet One " thinking " carry out the characteristics of.(thinking " realized " is referred here to, it is unconscious to outside stimulus not anti-including body Penetrate reaction, that is other reflecting system, behind separately have analysis).

3. 1. 3. if thinking is activated to carry out merely by the chain type of intrerneuron, then, the speed of thinking should This is basically identical, because in " input-trigger action current potential-output " during this, the responsiveness base of neuron This is consistent, even if considering the time that excited film is integrated, also difference will not be very big.But in fact, the thinking speed of brain and Information output speed be it is variable, even can " conscious " freely control.Such as when being thought deeply with language, or Person is read silently with language when reciting one section of word, and speed both can be very slow, slow to below 1 words per second, can also quickly, most it is fast seemingly It can reach per second 10 several words.Obviously, this is not that the movable of part neuron for the associated cortex that chain type activates determines , but need another other signal to be controlled.

3. 1. 4. if thinking is activated to carry out merely by the chain type of intrerneuron, then, thinking once starts, Just it can only carry out, and thinking can not be entered to otherwise content in related related Neurons (namely relevant information) Row turns to.But in fact, brain can turn to other guide in thought process.Such as：It can associate in thought process Or other guide is switched to, " thinking " is switched between the different information contents, (certainly, still only had in synchronization Single thinking is being carried out).For another example, in thought process when there is other to feel (vision, the sense of hearing, tactile etc.) input, brain was both " attention " can be switched at once and handle these and feel input, these can also be ignored and feel and continue original think of Dimension.Obviously, this is also required for a controlling mechanism to be judged this and be switched.

3. 1. 5. the pulse width of neuron action potential only has several milliseconds, and thinking activities and the time-histories of athletic performance are big More on the order of a second, and it may make up the cycle of activity of longer time-histories, it is clear that the action potential for being difficult to rely on Millisecond comes directly Connect the information activities to form second level.

3. 1. 6. these above-mentioned problems, its essence are the controlling mechanisms of thinking.Brain is carrying out thinking, namely is carrying out Neuron chain type activation activity in, necessarily controlled by certain controlling mechanism so that can only at a time have some or Certain is organized specific neuron and activated so that nervous activity is carried out in order in a manner of " stepping ", ensures that thinking activities are Carried out in order with single thinking in a certain passage.Moreover, this controlling mechanism also control thinking can a variety of thinkings, And between different external sensation inputs, suitably pay attention to, judge and switch, that is, form the controlling mechanism of " attention ".

Applicant's analysis is found, this controlling mechanism of human thinking system, is by " netted for producing lock-out pulse What the thinking oscillating loop of structure-thalamus " and several modulation paths collectively formed.(lock-out pulse is to thalamus by conventional custom The address of action potential pulse is provided to cortex, but its essence is not intended to Synchronization Control, but at " network structure-thalamus " Between come and go and provide action potential pulse, form oscillatory rhythms, and pulse is provided, to encourage in cortex to cortex by thalamus Between neuron carry out chain type activation successively, so seem that referred to as driving pulse is more particularly suitable, but be still referred to as synchronous arteries and veins out of habit Punching, or synchronization motivationtheory pulse).This oscillating loop and the effect of several modulation paths are different, collectively form the controlling mechanism of thinking, And it should also be motion and the controlling mechanism of other processing systems.This is described below.

3. the control access 2. " paid attention to ", the working mechanism of lock-out pulse oscillating loop.It is known that thalamus is ceaselessly Action potential is provided to cortex, (this is also the reason for producing brain wave), by current understanding, this is seemingly in control cortex god Work through member, moreover, the granting of thalamus lock-out pulse seems also relevant with network structure.So, it is specific worked Journey and controlling mechanism be howApplicant is described in detail by analysis, to this.

3. 2. 1. first, thalamus and reticular formation of brain stem form the oscillation rings that a cyclic provides action potential Road.Reticular formation of brain stem medial area, more precisely it is that the formatio reticularis mesencephali of medial area acts to intralaminar nuclei projection granting Current potential, this granting do not include the specific information content, but with certain specificity.Nervous System Anatomy is not to midbrain net at present Shape structure carries out more detailed subregion, but applicant thinks that formatio reticularis mesencephali is at least with packet configuration, its each group Neuron corresponds to and is connected to a certain category information input, (such as the input such as vision, the sense of hearing, tactile, and think from associated cortex Each bar Descending Projectionss path of the neuron of dimension activity).Each group of neuron of formatio reticularis mesencephali, Ascending Projections are to thalamus plate A particular zones in kernel, a certain neuron in a certain packet of formatio reticularis mesencephali, Ascending Projections simultaneously control mound One group of neuron in corresponding subregion in brain intralaminar nuclei.The neuron that formatio reticularis mesencephali projects to intralaminar nuclei, belongs to Cholinergic neuron, its cynapse transfer reaction speed is fast, and the hormesis of initiation are powerful so that a certain group of formatio reticularis mesencephali When neuronal activation is provided, this group of neuron of the intralaminar nuclei projected is much activated by excitement and provides action potential, But synaptic plasticity should be unable to be produced, so without memory effect, its projection relation is fixed.

3. 2. the neuron axon of intralaminar nuclei is projected to cortex and reticular thalamic nucleus simultaneously；Cortex is also simultaneously Descending Projectionss are carried out to intralaminar nuclei and nucleus reticularis.(the corticopetal projection of intralaminar nuclei and cortex after being incident upon of intralaminar nuclei to separately having Narration).Projection of the intralaminar nuclei to nucleus reticularis, and projection of the cortex to nucleus reticularis, there is the corresponding relation of launching position in both, Both pulse grantings are enabled to carry out excited integration, the activation of the netted nucleus neuron of common activation.

3. the 2. 3. neuron of reticular thalamic nucleus, Descending Projectionss are carried out to formatio reticularis mesencephali.This projection does not carry tool Body information, the mainly neuron to formatio reticularis mesencephali provide feedback excitation, to maintain the round granting of oscillating loop can It is lasting to carry out.But there may be the specificity of packet positioning, i.e., a certain group of neuron that intralaminar nuclei projects to nucleus reticularis is and netted Core projects one group of neuron to formatio reticularis mesencephali, belongs to same truck.

3. 2. 4. so, when brain works, the round pulse distribution process between formatio reticularis mesencephali and thalamus is：In Brain network structure some or certain group neuronal activation, to intralaminar nuclei granting, swash its one group of neuron projected It is living；The neuron of intralaminar nuclei makes the neuronal activation being projected to nucleus reticularis granting；(intralaminar nuclei is provided synchronous to cortex simultaneously Pulse)；Corresponding neuron granting of the neuron of nucleus reticularis to formatio reticularis mesencephali, the god of formatio reticularis mesencephali is activated again Through member.Then, between formatio reticularis mesencephali and thalamus, according to " formatio reticularis mesencephali → intralaminar nuclei → reticular thalamic nucleus → The projection relation of formatio reticularis mesencephali ", form " the formatio reticularis mesencephali ← → mound that a cyclic provides action potential pulse The closed-loop of brain ", as shown in figure 12.This loop, by being a kind of oscillating loop of round granting for its working forms, press It is a kind of control loop for coordinating control again for its function, so applicant is referred to as, " thought system lock-out pulse vibrates Loop ", referred to as " thinking oscillating loop ", or " thought system control loop ", referred to as " thinking control loop ".

3. 2. 5. intralaminar nuclei to nucleus reticularis project while, also to cortex carry out Ascending Projections, i.e. cortex " non-spy The opposite sex is incoming " projection.This projection is diversity, i.e., few to more projections, but really with position correspondence relation, mound Each subregion of brain intralaminar nuclei, big subregion corresponding to Ascending Projections to one in cortex, (visual sense feeling area, the sense of hearing are felt Area, tactile sensation area etc., and carry out multiple associated cortex areas of thinking etc.)；One group of god in a certain subregion of intralaminar nuclei Through member, a certain partial nerve member of the Ascending Projections to cortex in the corresponding great Qu；The a certain neuron of intralaminar nuclei, Ascending Projections to One group of neuron in the cortex part.The specific neuron of intralaminar nuclei swashs by the up granting of formatio reticularis mesencephali When living, enter horizontal pulse granting to the neuron that cortex is projected, form the synchronization motivationtheory letter of the neuron thinking activities of cortex Number, the activity of cortical neuron is activated successively one by one in an orderly manner, form the step-type i.e. thinking of chain type activation, (lock-out pulse Function similarly to the SECO effect of clock signal in the central processing unit of electronic technology field).Meanwhile by intralaminar nuclei not With pulse granting of the neuron to cortex diverse location difference neuron, also control thinking activities cortex difference neuron it Between carry out and switching, form in thinking activities " attentions " sensing in same class information channel and shift.(see " and 2. thinking and The narration of the essence of consciousness " part).

Meanwhile cortex also forms Descending Projectionss to intralaminar nuclei, and projected simultaneously to nucleus reticularis, this Descending Projectionss are Polymerism, i.e., multipair few convergence projection, with Ascending Projections on the contrary, but its projection relation is identical in position.Cortex is to plate The Descending Projectionss granting of kernel and nucleus reticularis, excited excitation is formed to the neuron of intralaminar nuclei and nucleus reticularis, although not being to determine Its principal element activated, but the speed that its excitement is integrated is influenceed, so as to have impact on the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of whole loop.When cortex is produced During raw thinking activities, cortex carries out feedback granting to intralaminar nuclei and nucleus reticularis, and intralaminar nuclei and netted is accelerated by excitement integration The activation granting of nucleus neuron, so as to improve the oscillatory rhythms of oscillating loop.

The neuron that projection is come and gone between intralaminar nuclei and cortex belongs to amino acid serotonergic neuron, and its single neuron is moved The granting for making potential pulse is insufficient to allow projected cortical neuron directly to be activated and trigger action current potential by excitement, can only produce The excitability excitation of raw collaboration, the neuron of cortex need the cooperative exiting that other excitements stimulate, (namely the chain type of thinking swashs The excited stimulation of other neurons activated before path living, and the excited stimulation of other modularity neurons), sky could be passed through Between integrate and the time integrate come trigger action current potential.But it is plastic that amino acid serotonergic neuron can produce cynapse in granting action Property, it projects relation (namely connecting structure) can produce modification with neuron activity, so, intralaminar nuclei and cortex it Between neuron, the effect of lock-out pulse granting may be more than, but take part in the memory and integration of information.

3. the 2. 6. corticopetal projection of intralaminar nuclei and granting, and projection granting of the cortex to intralaminar nuclei, although also depositing In round pulse granting, but it does not substantially form oscillating loop, and is the thinking of " formatio reticularis mesencephali ← → thalamus " External extension of the oscillating loop on intralaminar nuclei node.If the projection for cutting off thalamus with cortex contacts, " formatio reticularis mesencephali ← The oscillating loop of → thalamus " remains able to maintain vibration, in turn, if between cut-out " formatio reticularis mesencephali ← → thalamus " Projection contact, then thalamus is with can not necessarily form round granting between cortex.Wherein, the corticopetal pulse granting of intralaminar nuclei, shape Into the synchronization motivationtheory signal of cortical neuron thinking activities, and feedback granting of the cortex to intralaminar nuclei and nucleus reticularis, also to thinking The work of dimension oscillating loop forms feedback, and may form influence to its oscillatory rhythms.

3. the 2. 7. neuron work of formatio reticularis mesencephali, decides the oscillatory rhythms of thinking oscillating loop, also control Which group neuron of formatio reticularis mesencephali enters horizontal pulse granting to intralaminar nuclei.Due to lacking more detailed anatomical documentation, Applicant can not be determined in formatio reticularis mesencephali at present, to the neuron of intralaminar nuclei Ascending Projections, and received under nucleus reticularis The neuron of row projection, it is the either front and rear two groups of neurons of same group of neuronApplicant is partial to be two groups before and after having Neuron.But either same group of neuron or front and rear two groups of neurons, this partial nerve of formatio reticularis mesencephali member is, it is necessary to same When receive excitement from several respects and modulated signal, including：(1), the excited excitation of nucleus reticularis Descending Projectionss, for remaining whole The vibration of co oscillation loop continues；(2), the modulation from other modularity nerve nucleus and from other control loops is made With for modulating the excited speed integrated of neuron, so as to modulate the oscillatory rhythms of whole oscillating loop；(3), from each The exciting signal of truck and cortex Descending Projectionss path is inputted, (may for the excitement degree according to each truck Also sequential), to control certain group neuron of a certain truck to activate first, to intralaminar nuclei granting；(4), from midbrain The inhibition modulation of the neuron of network structure difference information channel, for making formatio reticularis mesencephali group neuron activate first When providing pulse to intralaminar nuclei, while suppress the neuron of the other information passage of network structure within the pulse period not Granting can be activated again.The exciting signal and modulated signal of this several respect carry out integrating the result for comparing and acting synergistically so that think Oscillating loop is tieed up in synchronization, formatio reticularis mesencephali there can only be one group of neuron in a certain information channel to intralaminar nuclei Pulse granting is synchronized, so that in synchronization, intralaminar nuclei there can only be one group of neuronal activation and corticopetal A certain partial nerve member in a certain subregion synchronizes pulse granting, encourages it to produce thinking activities, and feedback simultaneously projects To sensory cortex, self is carried out to thinking and is perceived, is produced " consciousness ".So brain passes through " formatio reticularis mesencephali-thalamus-skin The grading control of matter ", form and lock-out pulse only is provided to a certain partial nerve member of cortex thought system in synchronization, with This part of neuron is encouraged to carry out thinking activities, monistic " attention " for forming thought system with this is pointed to.This is also The Forming Mechanism that thought system " attention " is pointed to.

3. the input transmission channels of information.And to analyze how brain carries out the control that " attention " is pointed to various information And switching, it is also necessary to understand the transmission path of various information input channels.The information processing of brain is included to outside sensory information With the perception processing to internal body information, the mainly external information processing relevant with thinking and " attention ".And outside is believed The perception processing of breath is again including two aspects：When extraneous various sensory informations, including vision, the sense of hearing, smell etc., come from Various sensory inputs, difference feel there is different input transmission channels；Second, brain is in caused by thought process Between information, coming from the intrerneuron of cortex caused Descending Projectionss, the cortex of different zones in thinking activities has each Descending Projectionss path.Input transmission channels for various sensations, research before is relatively more, here only with wherein relatively more multiple Exemplified by miscellaneous vision and sense of hearing input channel, its incidence relation with thinking and " attention " is analyzed.

3. 1. input transmission channels of visual information.According to current anatomical research, a variety of visual impressions of retina The output for feeling neuron is optic nerve, and two big transmission paths are divided into after optic chiasma.(believe with reference to the human brain visual channel of figure 13 Number projective structure schematic diagram).

The neuron of first vision transmission path is a lot, forms larger tractus opticus, transmission is to include particular content Visual information, primary visual cortex is projected by the pregeniculate transfer of thalamus again, " specificity is incoming " for belonging to cortex is thrown Penetrate, visual information is converted to locus by time encoding and frequency coding and encoded, and completes (shape, big to various visual informations Small, position, color, brightness etc.) preliminary identification, (with reference to above " working mechanism 2. recognized "), then with many-to-one side Formula projects joint optic cortex, completes the identification to visual object.Afterwards, for direct visual information (specific object, figure Picture, picture etc.), be projected directly at associated cortex remembered, thinking and response activity, and the vision for being related to word is believed Breath, then project the cortex of " reading maincenter ", complete the identification to word, then projects the information that associated cortex carries out language Memory and thinking activities.Joint optic cortex can also be projected directly at motor cortex.Motor cortex (seems also line shape with cerebellum Body) etc. form kinematic system, kinematic system is not belonging to thought system, both can be by the output control of thought system, can also nothing Need thought system control and directly reflect according to visual information and control muscular movement, can also carry out united learning and memory And reaction treatment, (memory here that is to say so-called " procedural memory "), complete unconscious progress in our daily lifes Most of actions.

The neuron of Article 2 vision transmission path after optic chiasma is less, but is actually prior, this biography Pass path and actually comprise at least three aspects：(1), project to hypothalamus.The projection transmission simply in visual information it is bright with it is dark Information, reflex circuit is formed by regard coker, tuberal nuclei, nipple core etc. of hypothalamus, then up to the extensive of thalamus and cortex Region, the descending projection to the being modulated property such as brain stem and spinal cord, (belonging to histaminergic neuron), to form circadian rhythm simultaneously The control slept and awakened.(2), project to pretectal area, then project to formatio reticularis mesencephali.This projection not comprising Specific visual information, namely non-specific projection, simply transmit the presence or absence of visual information and intensity, (should pass through action The granting frequency of current potential realizes the transmission of information strength), so applicant call " reports this Nervons projection " that formula projects. This " report " signal projects the vision data feedback channel of formatio reticularis mesencephali, and with equally project network structure other not Similar " report " signal for feeling (sense of hearing, smell etc.) carries out " competition ", if it is possible to activates what network structure projected to thalamus Vision data feedback channel, it is " causing " network structure " attention ".Pretectal area has neuron Descending Projectionss to eyes simultaneously, uses With feedback regulation crystalline lens, the luminous intensity into eyes is adjusted by pupillary reflex.(3), project to superior colliculus.Superior colliculus is with primary Optic cortex has the modulation that connects each other of neuron, while superior colliculus also has oculomotor nerve of the neuron Descending Projectionss to eyes, enters The dynamic control of row eye.So applicant speculates that the effect of superior colliculus is when visual information is by " attention ", control the specific of vision " lime light " is placed on which part of visual information, namely where visual field, and the control that superior colliculus moves to eye, exactly will The focus of eye lens is incident upon on which position of retina.

Obviously, the (2) and (3) two aspects are just relevant with " attention " of thinking, wherein project to pretectal area the (2) in terms of To cause network structure to visual information " attention ", and project to superior colliculus the (3) in terms of be to invest vision " lime light " Which position in the visual field.It is worth mentioning that：Projection of the superior colliculus to oculomotor nerve needs not move through cortical motor areas and cerebellum, and It directly control the eye action of eyes.When having a dream, there is neuron activity in thought system, but motor cortex and cerebellum etc. are transported The output of dynamic nervous system is suppressed, and will not produce body action, only oculomotor nerve can both be controlled by kinematic system, again Directly it can be controlled by network structure and superior colliculus, so the activity (dreamland) of thought system can be followed to go out to lose face dynamic action, this It that is to say the reason for going out to lose face dynamic action during daydream.(separately have described to daydream below).

3. 2. the information input channel of the sense of hearing is similar with this, as shown in figure 14：First sense of hearing transmission path (outside mound It is conduction path) relayed from cochlea by corpus geniculatum mediale, projected to primary auditory cortex, for transmitting listening comprising particular content Feel information；Article 2 sense of hearing transmission path (the outer path of fillet) is projected to reticular formation of brain stem, the transmission from superior olivary nucleus branch Path does not simultaneously include specific auditory content, simply transmits the presence or absence of sense of hearing and intensity, falls within the projection of " report " formula.This " report " signal carries out " competition " in network structure with other " report " signals inputted, to cause network structure to auditory information " attention ".Two sense of hearing transmission path is connected each other in inferior colliculus, and inferior colliculus has neuron progress with primary auditory cortex simultaneously Mutually contact, so, applicant speculates that the effect of inferior colliculus is when auditory information is by " attention ", controls the main of the sense of hearing " lime light " is placed on which part of auditory information, namely the sound of which position and which frequency band.Other information (tactile, Smell and somatesthesia etc.) input channel it is similar with auditory channel with visual channel, be not discussed herein.

3. and for brain when carrying out thinking, average information caused by the intrerneuron activity of associated cortex Projection processing, currently without the correlative study of this respect.Applicant researchs and analyses, and this average information is except among other Both sides also be present and project in neuron projections to continue thinking activities：On the one hand corticopetal joint sensory area carries out feedback Projection, makes caused average information in thinking activities be perceived again, (also remembered and integrated in some cases), shape Self perception namely formation " consciousness " into brain to thinking activities, (see part 2, " essence of thinking and consciousness " part Content)；On the other hand Descending Projectionss are carried out, (amino acid can be neural), this Descending Projectionss are multipair few polymerism projections, One descending neuron of the movable common activation of multiple intrerneurons i.e. in cortex, and should be that there is packet specificity , i.e. the different grouping of cortex has respective projection tract, and (this packet is not limited to the cortex point anatomically defined Area, but what neuron long term activity of earthquake plasticity was formed, so it is more suitable to be referred to as packet).The result of polymerism projection, is this Superframe signal does not include the specifying information of neuron activity, and whether simply transmits the neuron of corresponding packet in activity, with And the active degree of activity, (being transmitted by the speed of action potential granting frequency).The descending each projection of these cortex is led to Road, after relaying, (relaying is to carry out signal integration and polymerize again), reticular formation of brain stem is entered, is turned into " report " Formula is projected, and " competition " is carried out with other report signals, to cause " the note of cortical neuron activity of the network structure to the packet Meaning ".This cortex of thought system is to the meaning of the Descending Projectionss path of network structure, when the cortex of the packet is being thought During dimension activity, this " attention " is able to maintain that formatio reticularis mesencephali and thalamus continue to synchronize the cortex of the packet pulse hair Put, to continue to the progress of the thinking activities of the packet.

3. control, maintenance and the switching 4. " paid attention to ".According to the research and analysis of applicant, in thinking activities " attention " refer to To control and switching, not do not recognized in the past in order that the cortex of telencephalon in information processing top layer produces, then goes to control brain Other parts, but produce and switch on formatio reticularis mesencephali, then the nerve in other regions such as upload control thalamus and cortex First activity.Switching in two aspects for thought system " attention " sensing is carried out：What formatio reticularis mesencephali was responsible for is by " attention " Which information channel sensing is switched to, i.e., " pays attention to " which category information；What thalamus was responsible for is that " attention " is pointed into the information to lead to Which of road particular location, i.e., which part of the category information " paid attention to "；And cortex especially akrencephalon associated cortex simply exists Specific information processing is carried out under the control of " attention ".

3. the control that 4. 1. network structure points to " attention ".It has been observed that various information passage, including extraneous input information The neuron activity of passage (passage such as vision, the sense of hearing, smell) and cortex thinking passage, have whole by polymerism (multipair few) Nerve after conjunction exports to be projected to formatio reticularis mesencephali, the presence or absence of these projection tract transmission informations stimulation and intensity (frequency is provided come transfer strength by action potential), and do not include the specific information content, belong to the projection of " report " formula.Midbrain Network structure has multiple Upstream driver paths projected to thalamus arranged side by side, and correspondingly receive these leads to from each information " report " formula projection in road, and interaction projection is suppressed mutually these Upstream driver paths arranged side by side each other, is occurred The phenomenon of similar " competition "：Certain group neuron is carved with when a certain by excitement activation and up enters horizontal pulse granting to thalamus When, it is exported produces suppression to the neuron of other paths simultaneously so that the neuron of other paths is within the same pulse period Can not reactivation output, form in formatio reticularis mesencephali aspect monistic " attentions " sensing.

As within a pulse period, which group neuron can be activated and up granting lock-out pulse, then depend on In the co-integration of several signals：(1), the signal of nonspecific " report " formula projection from each information input channel, this Signal is main, and its signal strength plays a decisive role；(2), the lock-out pulse granting from reticular thalamic nucleus Descending Projectionss, For maintaining the vibration of oscillating loop to continue, also therefore each pulse period is formd；(3), from brain stem and hypothalamus Deng other neururgic modulating actions, for modulating the oscillatory rhythms of whole oscillating loop；(4), from other god of network structure Inhibition through member is modulated, for carrying out " competition "；These signals carry out excited integration jointly, cause one in oscillating loop In pulse period, always there is the excited of certain group neuron to integrate trigger action current potential first and activate, competed equivalent to its " report " Successfully obtain response and cause " attention ", then its activation output is on the one hand to the up granting lock-out pulse of intralaminar nuclei, the opposing party Face produces suppression to the neuron of other paths immediately, makes them can not reactivation output.Afterwards, in the descending hair of reticular thalamic nucleus The pulse period for the next pulse put, above-mentioned integration and competition process are carried out once more.Go round and begin again so that in each arteries and veins Rush in the cycle, formatio reticularis mesencephali has and " report " of only one truck competes successfully and cause " attention ", and up Driving pulse granting is carried out to intralaminar nuclei, the lock-out pulse required for information processing is projected to this truck, it is real The control of " attention " sensing " which kind of " information to thinking activities is showed.

3. the control that 4. 2. thalamus points to " attention ".In people, the major function of thalamus is relaying, including information relaying and Lock-out pulse relays.Be responsible for information relaying is " specific relay nucleus group ", mainly including lateral nuclear group, ventral nuclear group and knee Body nuclear colony, for being relayed to the input of the information of polyesthesia (vision, sense of hearing etc.) and primary treatment；Also ventral anterior nucleus and abdomen Nucleus lateralis, for transmitting the average information of kinematic system.These specific corticopetal projections of relay nucleus group belong to " specificity biography Enter ", and be responsible for lock-out pulse relaying be so-called " non-specific core group ", the granting of actually lock-out pulse be have it is specific Projection relation, so specific rather than the information content the specificity also with specificity, only lock-out pulse granting. The relay nucleus group of lock-out pulse receives the lock-out pulse granting of network structure Ascending Projections, and (cholinergic nerve projection), it is exported On the one hand hair side shoot projects nucleus reticularis, then Descending Projectionss return to reticular formation of brain stem and form closed loop oscillating loop；On the other hand The output of these relay nucleus group is (i.e. so-called also to multiple region projects such as cerebral cortex and basal nuclei, limbic system and cerebellums Non-specificity is incoming), synchronize the granting of driving pulse, excitation and coordinating control the neuron in these regions carry out thinking and The information processings such as motion.

Analyzed according to existing anatomical documentation, in thalamus, the relay nucleus group main bag related with synchronized-pulse control Include anterior nuclear group of thalamus, sections inner side nuclear colony and intralaminar nuclei.Wherein it is netted to receive brain stem pin pontine tegmentum for anterior nuclear group and medial nuclear group The granting of the lock-out pulse of core and lateral dorsal nucleus, it is exported to part cerebral cortex and limbic system (especially hippocampus and almond Core) cortex projected, it is mainly used in controlling the memory and integration of thought system and the average information of emotional system；And in plate Core, receive the lock-out pulse granting of formatio reticularis mesencephali, its output projects akrencephalon basal nuclei, corpus straitum and cortex of telencephalon Extensive region, information processing namely thinking activities for Collaborative Control thought system, it can also be controlled by thought system The motion process of part motor cortex." attention " control access of thought system is wherein mainly take part in intralaminar nuclei： When the neuronal activation of a certain information upstream projection tract of formatio reticularis mesencephali is sent out to the neuron of intralaminar nuclei correspondence position When putting lock-out pulse, this partial nerve member of intralaminar nuclei is activated by up lock-out pulse granting, and its aixs cylinder is exported to dissipate The mode of projection is up to correspond to neuron granting lock-out pulse to cortex, the partial nerve member for being projected granting is obtained The cooperative exiting of lock-out pulse, form excited integrate and carry out chain type activation, that is, carry out thinking activities.(intralaminar nuclei is corticopetal Mutually provide referring to the 3. 2. 5. description of part).And reticular thalamic nucleus receives side shoot projection and the cortex thinking passage of intralaminar nuclei The feedback projection of intrerneuron, then it is descending to formatio reticularis mesencephali progress feedback projection.

So formatio reticularis mesencephali, intralaminar nuclei and reticular thalamic nucleus constitute " attention " control ring of thought system Road, the signal of " report " formula projection of each information channel, then any part god of which information channel to thought system received Driving pulse granting is synchronized through member, to carry out the control of thinking " attention " sensing.Its specific neuron projections such as Figure 15 Shown, the signal projection of each passage is as shown in figure 16.The up granting of wherein formatio reticularis mesencephali decides intralaminar nuclei Which group neuron can activate output, and the activation output of this group of neuron of intralaminar nuclei decides which part god of cortex Information processing can be carried out through member.What formatio reticularis mesencephali was responsible for is to point to " attention " to be switched to which information channel, i.e., " attention " which category information；And what thalamus was responsible for is that " attention " is pointed to which partial nerve member in the information channel, i.e., " note Which part of the meaning " category information；And brain associated cortex is responsible for specific information processing (thinking and memory), and pass through sense Feel that cortex self perceives this processing procedure, namely produce self " consciousness ".For example formatio reticularis mesencephali control refers to " attention " To visual information, thalamus control is " attention " which object in visual, and associated cortex is then responsible for identifying this thing Body, and the activity of associated cortex is perceived by sensory cortex simultaneously, " consciousness " arrives the presence of this object.

3. the maintenance 4. 3. " paid attention to ".When a thought process is being carried out, the cortical neuron activity of the thinking passage In excitatory state, the activation of these neurons acts, and in addition to continuing to provide forward to carry out chain type activation, also leads to simultaneously The projection of gathering is crossed, produces the descending superframe signal of two-way：First via downstream signal feedback is issued to intralaminar nuclei, passes through Excitement, which is integrated, makes intralaminar nuclei continue to be provided to the passage by next synchronous pulse, to maintain the neuron of the passage can Continue chain type activation, also send out side shoot projects reticular thalamic nucleus to first via downstream signal simultaneously, promotes oscillating loop can Continue, when high rhythmic oscillations (especially)；Second road downstream signal is the throwing that " report " formula is carried out to formatio reticularis mesencephali Penetrate, by competing the continuation " attention " for maintaining formatio reticularis mesencephali to the passage.This two-way Descending Projectionss signal maintains to think jointly Tie up " attention " of the control loop to the passage to point to, this that is to say the working mechanism that " attention " of thinking activities maintains.

3. the switching 4. " paid attention to ".Cause " to pay attention to " pointing to occur what is switched, probably there are this following several situation.

(1), the content of thinking activities changes.In thought process, the information content of original thinking is associated or is transformed into Otherwise information, namely the neuron activity of original thinking path reflex to otherwise neuron due to integration, The neuronal excitation of the part is caused to activate, and the activation of this partial nerve member, produce the descending throwing of two-way according to same mechanism Signal is penetrated, one side feedback projects intralaminar nuclei so that intralaminar nuclei continues next synchronous pulse to the partial nerve Member is provided, and maintains the partial nerve member to can continue to activity；On the other hand it is descending to carry out " report " to formatio reticularis mesencephali Projection, if the partial nerve member is not belonging to same thinking passage with original thinking, formatio reticularis mesencephali is attracted to new logical " attention " in road.So far, point to " attention " of thinking, switched between different thinkings.

(2), the competition of external input information.In thought process, if the input of external information, (what is seen, listened To what, what, etc. is felt), its input channel can be transmitted to formatio reticularis mesencephali by non-specificity and carry out " report ", As for " attention " can be caused, then its signal intensity is seen.If it is strong to input information, (for example see unexpected thing, hear thorn Otoacoustic emission sound, by sharp, etc.), this action potential that can be reflected in its " report " signal is provided in frequency, so can make this The excited of information channel neuron integrate faster and trigger activation, to the up granting lock-out pulse of thalamus, and simultaneously to before " attention " passage is suppressed, namely " competition " is successful and obtains " attention " that formatio reticularis mesencephali inputs to the information.So far, " attention " of thinking is pointed to, is switched in the processing to the external input information.

(3), the influence of other modulation paths.In thought process, the influence of the modulated signal of other modulation paths, such as The state of kinetic system, the emotion influence of emotional system, the burst change of internal organ and internal system, alcohol, medicine, poison Effect of product and other chemical substances, etc., the neuron activity of each information channel may all be impacted, so as to influence " attention " control of formatio reticularis mesencephali to various information channels, causes " to pay attention to " switching of sensing.

(4), the neuron operation irregularity of " attention " control access.Particularly each information upstream of formatio reticularis mesencephali is thrown Penetrate between path the effect suppressed mutually and exception occur.In this case, when a certain truck successfully causes " note Anticipate " and during information processing is carried out, other information path is effectively suppressed if be at this moment unable to maintain that, Other information path can be caused unexpected activation occur and cause " attention ", at this moment formatio reticularis mesencephali can not continue " attention " Maintain in a certain truck, but improper switching is carried out in different information channels.This macroscopically, is showing as noting Meaning concentration is difficult and persistence of attention is of short duration, and brain can not be absorbed in something, turn into a kind of insanity, i.e., " pay attention to " Defect.(the mental illness part seen below, the description as described in " attention " defect (ADD)).

3. it is 4. 5. summarized, " attention " of the thinking control loop to thought system, which is pointed to, to be controlled, maintain and switch.Its What middle formatio reticularis mesencephali was responsible for is by information processing " attention " sensing " which kind of " information：By " formatio reticularis mesencephali ← The lock-out pulse provided up and down between → thalamus ", the input signal strength (action with various external informations and average information Electric spike frequency) be compared integration, come make subregion from the Upstream driver pulse of network structure to intralaminar nuclei granting and Packet positions are changed, and " which kind of " information channel is turned to selection, (for example vision, the sense of hearing, tactile etc. are pointed to, or point to Cortex is carrying out the average information passage of thinking).And thalamus is responsible for leading to the same category information of " attention " sensing of information processing " which part " in road：When a certain subregion of thalamus certain group neuron by the up granting of network structure pulse excitation when, Its neuronal activation simultaneously provides synchronization motivationtheory pulse to the part neuron projected in cortex, makes cortex by excitement integration It is thinking activities that upper partial nerve member, which carries out chain type activation, so as to control " attention " of thinking activities to point to this partial nerve member In corresponding information, (such as " attention " which personal, " attention " which sound in numerous sound in visual information, The content of " attention " in terms of which in thinking activities).And cortex is responsible for specific information processing：It correspond on associated cortex each The intrerneuron of individual information word, under the granting excitation of thalamus lock-out pulse, carry out it is orderly successively one by one or by group Stepping activates, and forms chain type activation, realizes identification, thinking, reaction and memory function of the brain to information, (for example that people is Who, what that sound says, what, etc. be that problem be)；And sensory cortex is projected simultaneously, perceived by sensory cortex The activity of associated cortex, form self perception to thinking activities namely form " consciousness ", (such as, it is appreciated that people's deposits , it is appreciated that sound, it is appreciated that " I " is carrying out what thinking, etc.).

3. the switch speed 4. 6. " paid attention to " and electric " N400 " current potential of brain.For normal thinking activities, due to being to join Close and carry out chain type activation between the related Neurons of cortex, dependence is excitation of the thalamus to the lock-out pulse of cortex granting, institute It can be carried out with thinking with faster speed, in the case where being modulated with enhancement (in excited or nervous thinking), thinking The stepping rate of chain type activation can reach more than more than ten of stepping per second, namely each stepping is time-consuming less than 100 milliseconds. But for the switching that " attention " is pointed to, either between the different sensory informations of the onrelevant from the external world or it is Between the different content of thought of the onrelevant from thought process or switched between inside and outside different information, A certain information to obtain new " attention ", it is necessary to the neuron of the information channel first activates granting, then is projected by polymerization Brain network structure carries out " report ", then carries out excited integration and with " attention " passage competition before in formatio reticularis mesencephali, competing The ascending nerve of the formatio reticularis mesencephali passage carries out projection granting to intralaminar nuclei again after striving successfully, and intralaminar nuclei is again to cortex On the neuron related with the information synchronize pulse granting, at this moment could produce with the information related perception or thinking, Cause " attention ".So the speed of " attention " switching is slow, its time-consuming estimation is at hundreds of milliseconds or so.

Applicant speculates that brain carries out caused control when " attention " points to switching between the different information of no relevance Loop processed is neururgic to be changed and delays, the producing cause of Hz ERP " N400 " exactly in EEG research：Reading silently When one section of sentence and end of the sentence are semantic words without relevance, or when two completely unrelated pictures are presented, brain Can not associating namely without between two kinds of different information of relevance, the switching of " attention " is carried out, has triggered thinking control Delaying and changing for the lock-out pulse granting of loop processed, generates " N400 " phenomenon of brain electricity Evoked ptential.Due to thought system " attention " point to occur to perceive in the input of information, identification and intermediate treatment link, it is and unrelated with movement output, so " N400 " of Wernicke aphasias namely receptive aphasia patient will not be produced, and Broca aphasias namely motor aphasia patient " N400 " can produce.

3. the influence that 5. rhythm and pace of moving things of thinking oscillating loop changes and worked brain.

3. the 5. 1. change of the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of thinking oscillating loop.Thinking oscillating loop passes through " formatio reticularis mesencephali → mound The circulation granting of brain intralaminar nuclei → reticular thalamic nucleus → formatio reticularis mesencephali " forms sustainable lock-out pulse, this vibration The granting frequency of the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of loop, in other words lock-out pulse, influenceed and modulation by multiple signals, vibration is formed with this Loop provides passive change and the active accommodation of the rhythm and pace of moving things.These modulated signals include：(1), the descending throwing from cortical neuron Penetrate.When intralaminar nuclei provides lock-out pulse to cortex, if the neuron of cortex carry out thinking activities, cortex can be to Intralaminar nuclei and nucleus reticularis carry out feedback granting, accelerate the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of loop.(2) the neuron, from other brain cores group is lived Dynamic Inter Modulation.Such as the modulation from " mood " processing system (another information processing system in brain), work as mood When exciting, by the influence to oscillating loop neuron activity, the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of loop can be accelerated.(3), from " the netted knot of brain stem The Inter Modulation of " the lower ring control loop " of structure (center area) ← → hypothalamus "." lower ring control loop " is responsible for control and regulation The endocrine of human body and the work of internal organs, its working condition form the health of human body, the work of lower ring control loop Making state can be modulated to thinking control loop, so, the change of health also can be to the oscillatory rhythms shape on thinking road Into influence.(4), the influence of neuromodulator, medicine.Such as alcohol, medicine etc. can influence circuit neuron neuromuscular juinction and Integrate, so as to influence the oscillatory rhythms of loop.

3. the 5. 2. relation of thinking oscillating loop oscillatory rhythms and brain working condition.The vibration section of thinking oscillating loop Rule, namely thalamus provide the rhythm and pace of moving things of lock-out pulse to cortex, decide the working condition of human thinking system.

(1), when lock-out pulse, which provides the rhythm and pace of moving things, is more than 14 hertz, cortical neuron is excited to be integrated and activates quickly, and nerve is living Dynamic active, brain is in the state of nervous excitement or quick thinking.If also simultaneously by the modulated signal of other modulation paths Synergy, can also make amino acid serotonergic neuron produce memory effect.(in the cortex of hippocampal formation, the synchronization of the high rhythm and pace of moving things Pulse excitation can make the action potential of the V1.2 hypotypes of amino acid serotonergic neuron outburst high threshold, neuron is produced long time-histories and dash forward Plasticity is touched, forms long-term memory.See in the specification of No. 2014106066977 patent applications of applicant on neuron not With hypotype action potential Burst mechanism in terms of description).

(2), when it is 8-13 hertz that lock-out pulse, which provides the rhythm and pace of moving things, at this moment the film of neuron is integrated and moving speed is medium, Brain is in state that is clear-headed, quiet or closing one's eyes, without specific " attention " point, does not carry out nervous thinking activities, may production Raw thinking fragment, but the content of thought process is not remembered mostly.

(3), when it is 4-7 hertz that lock-out pulse, which provides the rhythm and pace of moving things, although the excited excitation of lock-out pulse can still make cortex Partial nerve member carry out excited integration and activate, but it is excited integrate slow, neuron activity is inactive, can not be formed coherent Chain is activated, although so at this moment brain also has " consciousness ", blunt to various stimulate the reactions, thinking obscures, and to thinking The content of journey can not be remembered.Before brain is felt just before going to bed, when either very sleepy or physical condition is very poor, belong to this Situation.

(4), when it is 0.5-3 hertz that lock-out pulse, which provides the rhythm and pace of moving things, although at this moment thalamus still provides synchronous arteries and veins to cortex Punching, but because pulse is provided, the rhythm and pace of moving things is very low, and the gap periods between pulse are oversize, (hundreds of milliseconds are arrived thousands of milliseconds) so that skin Matter neuron can only produce film excitement, but excited film integrates the activation threshold value for being unable to reach action potential all the time, so cortex Neuron there is not sustained activation and situation about transmitting, so at this moment brain lose " attentions " and " thinking " it is movable, also Without " consciousness ".Such case is appeared in the state of brain deep sleep (i.e. slow wave sleep) or stupor or anesthesia.

(5) it is 0 that, lock-out pulse, which provides the rhythm and pace of moving things, namely the action potential of the thinking oscillating loop of brain provides stopping completely, At this moment the nervous activity of midbrain, thalamus and cortex stops, and stimulation is not reacted, brain loses Premium Features, belongs to current doctor The brain death defined on.It is worth noting that, although electroencephalogram is equipotential straight line in this case, that is, it is not received by brain Electric wave, but substantially simply thinking oscillating loop stopped lock-out pulse granting, if brain death lacks mainly due to cerebral ischemia Oxygen and cause, and the brain death time be not it is very long, in this case the most neurons of brain still without lose cell Activity, so, at this moment organism does not still lose bioactivity thoroughly, if it is possible to recover the normal blood supply oxygen supply to brain, Suitable electric pulse stimulation is applied to the neuron of the key link of oscillating loop simultaneously, still it is also possible to encouraging nerve again The action potential granting of member, recovers the round granting of oscillating loop, reactivates the work of brain.

It should be noted that thalamus provides the rhythm and pace of moving things of lock-out pulse to cortex, although decide the speed of cortex thinking activities Degree, but the stepping rate of the neuron chain type activation not equal to thinking, because the action potential triggering of neuron may Need while the excitation of several lock-out pulses could complete excited integration (integration of temporal summation), and neuron once triggers hair Put, due to synaptic facilitation, then continuous multiple action potential grantings are easily produced, so both are not one-to-one.

3. 6. influence of the more modulation path to thinking.Thinking is the activity of cortical neuron, and this process is by correlation The restriction of the attachment structure of neuron, (these attachment structures namely the structure of imformation memory, including knowledge, event, experience etc., This is the basis to form memory), at the same the real-time control of the synchronization motivationtheory pulse by thought system " attention " control loop, shape Step-type chain type into single path activates, moreover, this activity is also by the modulating action of some other modulation path.This Modulating action caused by a little modulation paths, is controlled in real time unlike lock-out pulse, but slowly and lasting, is passed through Release, absorption and the activity of ion channel of the mediator of the neuron of chain type activation pathway are influenceed, integrates and acts to influence film Electric spike, so as to be had an impact to thinking activities.

3. 6. 1. influence of the emotional system to thinking.Brain emotional system receives a variety of input information, including vision, smells The outer aobvious sensory information such as feel, the sense of hearing, tactile, the also average information including thought system, in addition to from the non-of internal body Aobvious sensory information outside, various sensations are produced, and various modulated signals are exported by various monoaminergic nerve cores group, act on full of beard System is maintained, thinking (thinking) is influenceed.The intrerneuron of thought system is when carrying out chain type activation, even if receiving same From exciting signal above and the same synchronization pulse from thalamus, it is but suffered due to rear class neuron Modulating action is different, causes film to integrate different with action potential trigger condition, causes that different rear class neurons can be triggered, make chain Formula activation is carried out towards different directions, (such as：A → b → c or a → b → d), so as to produce different thinkings.So face To same thing, brain can produce different result of thinking under different moods.(emotional system to thinking except forming shadow Ring, influence widely also is formed on kinetic system and endocrine, visceral nervous system, this will separately be described later).

3. the modulating action 6. 2. slept with awakening.The modulated signal that control brain is slept and awakened, essentially from In the histamine nerve nucleus of hypothalamus.The vision Afferent Projections of transmission Lighting information from retina are upper to regarding for hypothalamus Core, reflex circuit is formed with tuberal nuclei, nipple core etc., produces the signal of circadian rhythm change, then with network structure oscillatory rhythms Signal intermodulate, output control sleep and awakening modulated signal.This modulated signal is up to thalamus, cerebellum, edge System and cortex (including sensory cortex, associated cortex, motor cortex etc.), it is descending widely to be projected to brain stem and spinal cord, Activity to neuron is modulated, to the control slept and awakened.It is mostly inhibition modulation that it, which is acted on, to reduce The active level of neuron.For example suppress the various sensory informations of extraneous and body by projecting to the path of sensory cortex Input, suppress thinking activities by projecting to thalamus and the path of cortex, by projection to the path of cerebellum and spinal cord come Suppress various movement outputs, the internal organ of body and endocrine activity adjusted by projecting to the path of hypothalamus and brain stem, Etc..When these modulation paths normally can together produce or stop modulating action, brain can normally sleep or Waking state is changed, and when the modulating action of these modulation paths is uncoordinated inconsistent, then brain can be caused to occur each Kind abnormal and interesting performance, such as, have a dream, dream of, insomnia.(generation mechanism of these phenomenons is chatted in addition later State).

3. 6. 3. influence of the brain biochemical environment to thinking.The presence of a variety of biochemical substances inside brain and concentration are formed The biochemical environment of brain.These biochemical substances include two major classes：A kind of biochemical substances are secreted by body itself, for controlling The various organs of system regulation body and the work of system, i.e. internal system, (actual various neurotransmitters and the nerve of also including is adjusted Matter).Another kind of biochemical substances are not caused by body itself, but body perceives presence and the content of these biochemical substances, passes through The reaction treatment of the nerve nucleus of the band of hypothalamus one, go to control to adjust each organ of body and the work of system.Such as blood In oxygen, carbon dioxide, blood glucose, alcohol, various medicines and drugs, etc..If the reaction treatment of this two classes biochemical substances It is combined, also can be collectively referred to as the Biochemistry Reaction System of brain.

Modulation and influence of the brain biochemical environment on thinking, mainly pass through two big approach：First, by network structure god Influence through first activity, have impact on the round oscillatory rhythms of thinking oscillating loop, be lived so as to have impact on the neuron of thought system Dynamic state.(referring to " 3. 5. 2. the relation of thinking oscillating loop oscillatory rhythms and brain working condition ").Second, by hypothalamus, Each monoaminergic nerve member core group on midbrain, diencephalon, to thalamus, cortex (including Hippocampus, it is actual also to include kinematic system Cerebellar cortex) the various modularity neurons of projection, directly to modulate the neuron activity of influence thought system.Brain biochemical ring Influence of the border to thinking, due to biological qualitative diversity and complexity, it influences to be frequently not the isolated generation of single channel Effect, but number of ways comprehensive function, both have impact on the working condition of thinking oscillating loop, further through modulation neuron to phase Close region to be modulated, collaboration acts.

3. 6. 4. influence of the visceral nervous system to thinking.The visceral nervous system of brain, by visceral sensory nerve come The working condition of each internal organ is perceived, carries out reflection processing by some nerve nucleus of brain stem, hypothalamus etc., then lead to Cross sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve goes to control to adjust the work of internal organ.The work of visceral nervous system, pass through two approach pair Thinking activities are influenceed：One and the link in reticular formation of brain stem, the thinking oscillating loop to thought system carry out shadow Ring, so as to have impact on the thinking activities of thought system.Second, by have impact on the biochemical environment of brain, then pass through biochemical environment pair The thinking of thought system is influenceed.(see content above 3. 6. 3.).

3. 7. " hippocampus " average information of thought system handles loop." formatio reticularis mesencephali-intralaminar nuclei and netted Core-cortex ", which is that thalamus is most important, is related to most wide control loop, carries out " attention " sensing and the working condition of thought system Control.Also there is another very important control loop in thalamus, be " reticular formation of brain stem-nuclei anteriores thalami and inner side The synchronized-pulse control loop of dorsal nucleus-reticular thalamic nucleus-reticular formation of brain stem ", and it is related to the cingulate gyrus of cortex and hippocampus Structure together construction idea system " hippocampus " average information processing loop.This processing loop was both relatively independent, but can also Say it is a branch for belonging to thinking control loop, play refinement and supplementary function, it is not directed to various external sensations The identification and cognition of information, and the intermediate treatment of the average information of the thought system after pertaining only to joint sensory cortex and whole Close, more particularly, to the short-term memory (journey and long-term memory in short-term) of average information.

3. 7. 1. Nervons projection structure such as Figure 17 of this loop.Wherein reticular formation of brain stem (seemingly tegmen of midbrain Core group) projected (cholinergic neuron) to nuclei anteriores thalami (and mediodorsal nucleus), nuclei anteriores thalami projects to reticular thalamic nucleus, net Shape core carries out descending feedback projection to reticular formation of brain stem, is formed that " reticular formation of brain stem-nuclei anteriores thalami-thalamus is netted with this The circulation oscillating loop of core-reticular formation of brain stem ", form the round granting of driving pulse.This oscillating loop is in nuclei anteriores thalami (and mediodorsal nucleus) synchronizes driving pulse granting (amino acid can be neural), the oriented nuclei anteriores thalami of cingulate gyrus to cortex cingulate gyrus With the Descending Projectionss of reticular thalamic nucleus, the granting of its synchronization motivationtheory pulse and controlling mechanism are with formatio reticularis mesencephali-thalamus plate " attention " control loop of the compositions such as core is similar.In terms of information transmission processing, other cortical areas of brain especially join Closing cortex and cingulate gyrus has extensive two-way projection, and cingulate gyrus has two-way projection with the entorhinal area of hippocampal formation, with this Realize the bi-directional processing of information.Inside hippocampal formation, input the information of hippocampal formation by " entorhinal area-dentate fascia- CA3-CA1-subiculum cortex-entorhinal area " loop carries out integration processing, projects entorhinal area again and is output to cingulate gyrus again, Realize that the middle integration to the information of cortex is handled with this.The subiculum of hippocampus has the descending throwing directly to reticular formation of brain stem Penetrate, and by the indirect Descending Projectionss of hypothalamus nipple core, these function similarly to the effect of " report form " projection.In thinking system When " attention " sensing is switched to " hippocampus average information treatment channel " by " attention " control loop of system, namely the god of thought system When concentrating on the related average information integration processing of hippocampal formation through activity, this treatment channel of hippocampus is used for thought process " attention " of detail controls and is to average information the integration processing of declarative information.

3. 7. 2. it is of particular importance that the information processing of hippocampal formation is also simultaneously by the Septum Medialis and diagonal band of septal area The control of the Nervons projection of core, and the Nervons projection of Septum Medialis and diagonal band nuclei belongs to cholinergic nerve, its neuromuscular juinction tool There is quick and strong characteristic, controlled neuron can be made to form strong film excitement, and break out the high threshold of V1.2 hypotypes It is worth action potential, so as to produce the synaptic plasticity of neuron, (STDP plasticity), forms memory effect.(this point, refer to The content of " the not same-action that 4. 6. the neuron of different neurotransmitters is handled in brain information " part below).So To under the control of " attention ", when the integration of underway information of neuron of hippocampal formation is handled, cynapse can be directly produced Plasticity and form memory, i.e. so-called hippocampus memory.Pay attention to neuron work of this point with thought system on associated cortex Work is different：In the information processing passage of associated cortex, the information transmission of in-between neuron is integrated without in directly receiving The direct projection of the cholinergic nerve of brain network structure, but controlled by the synchronization motivationtheory pulse of intralaminar nuclei granting, and Intralaminar nuclei is amino acid serotonergic neuron to cortical projection, as the neuron of information processing passage, its neuromuscular juinction It is not quick enough and strong, it is difficult to the high threshold action potential for triggering V1.2 hypotypes in most instances, and simply trigger V1.6 Asias The Low threshold action potential of type, action potential simply carry out unidirectional delivery to aixs cylinder and form thinking activities, and without normal direction cell space and Dendron carries out back transfer, so synaptic plasticity can not be produced.The memory effect of these neurons need to rely on neuron Cynapse recurring structure change between connection, produces synaptic remodelling and even generates new cynapse etc. to change the connection knot of neuron Structure, this change need longer time and more sign stimulus, but it is higher once to form its stability, so, thinking The memory that system is formed on associated cortex can be described as long-term memory or permanent memory.And hippocampal formation formed memory dependence in The Long-term plasticity of cynapse, can quickly it be formed, but stability is relatively low, and period of validity is shorter, referred to as long-term memory or short-term Memory.

3. 7. 3. the process of brain formation declarative memory is：When new declarative information inputs brain associated cortex, Under the control that " attention " is pointed to, information is before this by cingulate gyrus, entorhinal area to hippocampal projections, the amino acid energy on hippocampal formation Nerve relies on STDP synaptic plasticities and formed under Septum Medialis and the excitation of the lock-out pulse of diagonal band nuclei cholinergic nerve granting The interface channel of information processing, namely produce short-term memory；If this information is repeatedly inputted or recalled, on associated cortex Amino acid serotonergic neuron be repeatedly subjected to excited stimulation, produce the structural change of Synaptic junction, or even the new cynapse of generation, formed The direct channel of information processing, namely produce long-term memory.And cortical neuron once forms direct channel, information transmission is just not Again by the indirect interface channel of hippocampal formation, then on hippocampal formation be indirectly connected with passage just due to no information transmission and Reduction, ultimate failure, related Neurons are discharged for establishing new short-term memory.So hippocampal formation is being formed in short term Remember and crucial and indispensable transit bridge beam action is played when being converted into long-term memory, but long-term memory is finally to protect Exist on cerebral cortex.Conversion of this hippocampus short-term memory to cortex long-term memory needs a process, with the correlation of information Property, the time of sign stimulus are relevant with frequent degree.When these cholinergic nerve cores of septal area, which are rolled into a ball, provides function deficiency, Bian Huiying The ability that hippocampal formation forms and maintains memory is rung, causes amnesia, and during hippocampus excision, such as famous amnesiac patients H.M., its brain can not form new long-term memory, the retrograde memory loss of memory time of occurrence laminarity before.(on hippocampus Memory and cortex memory more detailed description, refer to the China for the application number 2014106066977 that applicant submits before specially Profit application " analogue means and method of neutral net " specification in, to memory essence and formed, short-term memory with for a long time The difference of memory and the content of transform portion).

It should be noted that Septum Medialis, diagonal band nuclei, also Meynert basal nucleis are also to sensory cortex and motion skin Matter carries out cholinergic nerve projection, so cerebral cortex directly can form memory to extraneous sensory information and movement output, and It is unrelated with hippocampal formation.

3. the 7. 4. work of hippocampal formation, also modulated simultaneously by the Nervons projection from emotional system amygdaloid nucleus, with And nucleus ceruleus, the noradrenaline serotonergic neuron of midbrain nucleus raphes dorsalis from brain stem, the modulation of 5-HT serotonergic neurons.This Point, being with above-mentioned " 3. 6. influence of the more modulation path to thinking ".

4. the other control system of brain.Except thought system, brain also has other several nervous systems, especially moves Nervous system.Strictly speaking, kinetic system is the nervous system that animal is formed earlier, for being controlled according to environmental information The action of animal, with realize look for food, the activity such as hedging, and thought system is substantially on the basis of kinetic system, is evolved One out is used to carry out integration processing to various external informations especially average information, to coordinate to control movement output Information consolidation processing system.Simply in people, due to the appearance of language, this average information processing system is set to evolve extremely complex With it is careful, it appears it is more important.

4. 1. kinetic system.Motor cortex-cerebellum-corpus straitum-spinal cord etc. forms the motor nervous system of brain System, for controlling body athletic performance according to input information, and to this process progress learning and memory.Wherein motor cortex root Reflected or reacted according to input information, the action message of output locus coding, under the synergism action of cerebellum, during output Between the control signal of coding and frequency coding, by pyramidal system Descending Projectionss to spinal cord, control muscle is completed various specifically to act.

4. 1. the input information of kinetic system includes two aspect sources：One is derived from the direct throwing of sensory cortex Penetrate, including vision, the sense of hearing, tactile, smell etc., the sensory information of motor cortex perceptually cortical projection, carry out directly anti- Penetrate and react, including unconditioned reflex, conditioned reflex and the association response by learning and memory, it is dynamic that control muscle carries out motion Make, this control is unrelated with thought system, so being to be not required to " pay attention to " and the control of " consciousness ".We do not know in daily life The most of actions unconsciously just completed, just belong to this.Two are derived from the output projection of the intrerneuron of associated cortex, are The output result of human thinking activity.We are main according to the needs or result of thinking in the state of having " consciousness " to have " attention " What " thinking " will do with moving property, just belong to this.

4. 1. 2. either there is " consciousness " to do action or the reaction without " consciousness " acts, the set of actions of motion process Information can be with learning and memory, and this that is to say " procedural memory " alleged by existing theory.Procedural memory seems to need The participation of corpus straitum, the information of set of actions are first remembered in corpus straitum, form short-term memory, are lived in multiple memory or reflection After dynamic, action message forms structural long-term memory (or crying permanent memory) on motor cortex.The note of this action message Forming Mechanism is recalled, with thought system, being formed by hippocampus and associated cortex to average information (i.e. so-called declarative information) Short-term memory and the mechanism for being converted into long-term memory, it is the same.

4. the 1. 3. synchronized-pulse control loop of kinetic system.Act on the synchronized-pulse control of kinetic system Loop does not refer in conventional cranial nerve research, but applicant thinks, kinetic system equally needs synchronous arteries and veins Bring excitation and coordinate the activity of control neuron, and its synchronized-pulse control loop exists independently of thought system.Two Person has similar structure and working mechanism, and exists and cross one another, because the action of " conscious " of thought system output Need to project kinematic system to perform, and the part output action of kinetic system also projects thought system by its " note Meaning ".

The control loop of thought system is to form oscillating loop by " formatio reticularis mesencephali ← → thalamus " to carry out coming and going granting, The loop is stretched out by intralaminar nuclei again synchronizes the round granting of pulse with cerebral cortex, to encourage and control brain The activity of cortical neuron.Applicant analyzes, and because kinetic system includes motor cortex and cerebellum two large divisions, its is same Pace pulse control is also classified into two parts, but two parts presence interknits：(1), synchronous arteries and veins of the kinematic system in motor cortex part Rush control loop oscillating loop is formed by " covered network structure ← → bottom thalamus " and carry out round granting, (cholinergic nerve)；Again Stretched out by subthalamic nucleus (it acts on the intralaminar nuclei similar to thalamus) and corpus straitum (including globus pallidus) synchronizes excitation The round granting of pulse, (amino acid can be neural), to encourage and control the neuron activity of corpus straitum, (corpus straitum belongs to motion The intrerneuron of cortex)；(seemingly rubrum or entopeduncular nucleus, its effect are similar to the network structure nuclear colony of bottom thalamus for corpus straitum In the nucleus reticularis of thalamus) the feedback projection of polymerism is carried out, then Descending Projectionss maintain the vibration of loop to covered network structure. (2), kinematic system cerebellum part synchronized-pulse control loop, by midbrain vestibular or covered network structure with some core group (seemingly It is inferior olivary nucleus) oscillating loop that forms " covered network structure ← → inferior olivary nucleus " carries out coming and going granting, (cholinergic god Through), inferior olivary nucleus synchronizes driving pulse to the Purkinje cell of cerebellar cortex by climbing fiber again and comes and goes granting, (ammonia Base acid can be neural), to encourage and control the activity of cerebellar slice.And the mossy fiber from nuclei pontis group passes through particle The interconnection that cell is carried out with Purkinje cell, it is only the transmission of movable information and integrates the path for including learning and memory.(ginseng Examine the signal projective structure schematic diagram of Figure 18 kinetic system control loop).

Two parts synchronized-pulse control of kinematic system, although there is different projection passages, both send out in lock-out pulse It is unified (at least maintaining close ties with) on the i.e. covered network structure in the origin put so that both pulses, which provide to exist, to be coordinated Relation, to realize that the signal that the action of motor cortex and cerebellum exports keeps coordinating.(in other words, the lock-out pulse of motor cortex Control and the synchronized-pulse control of cerebellum, essence are two issuers of the same synchronized-pulse control loop of kinematic system To).

Kinetic system synchronized-pulse control loop is to motor cortex and the lock-out pulse of cerebellar projection granting, applicant Speculating its effect is：(1), the space encoding action signal of motor cortex output, projects the neuron that cerebellum tightly arranges, Under the synergy of lock-out pulse, time encoding and the output signal of frequency coding are converted to, to control muscle to carry out accurately Athletic performance.(2), by the working mechanism for being formed and being switched similar to " attention " of thought system, to coordinate to control motor cortex Action with cerebellum exports, and avoids the occurrence of contradiction and the conflict of action output.(3), the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of lock-out pulse, control are passed through The rhythm and pace of moving things is provided in the pulse of motor cortex and cerebellar neuron output, so as to control the speed of body athletic performance.(it is similar to thinking System provides the rhythm and pace of moving things to control the step rate of thinking activities by lock-out pulse).

4. 1. 4. motor cortex is the output area of kinetic system, and fortune is exported by the descending output fiber of pyramidal system Dynamic signal, control body carries out various motions, but the program and details specifically how completed for each athletic performance, then by small Brain is coordinated to complete.The information of motor cortex processing is still what locus encoded, i.e., according to the diverse location of space structure Neuron activity transmit and reflect various action messages, the output of motor cortex projects simultaneously is input to cerebellum, and cerebellum exists Under the synergy of lock-out pulse, the information of this space encoding is converted into the Time Of Release action electricity different with frequency is provided Digit pulse granting, (parallel signal for being similar to electronic technology is converted to serial signal.This conversion process is with feeling input such as Vision input projects the processing procedure of the transformation from serial to parallel of optic cortex from corpus geniculatum lateral, it appears that just opposite), and as small The output signal of brain, cortex (or spinal cord) is projected again, carry out synergism action with the output signal of cortex, be finally integrated into each The motorial output signal of bar, by provided to the muscle that is controlled action potential pulse time order and function (time encoding) and Frequency (frequency coding) is provided, to control the time of contraction or relaxation of the muscle in athletic performance and dynamics, is realized to fortune The coordination of action and accurate control.So this componental movement system being made up of motor cortex and corpus straitum, is mainly responsible for It is " what does " action, is by multiple combination of actions for acting the sequencing formed, (especially includes the output phase with thought system The combination of actions of pass), and the learning and memory of these actions (i.e. sequencing is remembered).And what cerebellum was responsible for is " how doing ", lead to The accurate control to muscle is crossed to complete various actions, (may include not having related directly body reflection with thought system Acted with reaction).Applicant speculates, people is evolved to from animal, realizes that the action of language output (is wrapped because cerebellum storage have recorded Include and speak and write) a large amount of programs and details, so just result in sharply increasing for cerebellum volume and neuronal quantity.

4. 1. 5. kinetic system is similarly controlled by the modulated signal of some nerve nucleus in hypothalamus and brain stem System.Including the dopaminergic Nervons projection from black substance, the Nervons projection of the noradrenaline energy from locus coeruleus, from netted Nervons projection of 5-HT energy of structure medial area, etc., the effect of these modularity signals are to control the work of kinetic system Make state, to be engaged and be adapted with the working condition of thought system and visceral endocrine system.

4. 2. visceral nervous system.Each internal organ working condition is perceived by visceral sensory nerve, passes through brain Some nerve nucleus of dry, hypothalamus etc. carry out reflection processing, then are gone by sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve in control and regulation Dirty work.According to existing anatomical documentation, the major nerve core group of visceral nervous system is in hypothalamus, including control sympathetic reaction Lateral hypothalamic region and back zone, stimulate this region can cause palpitating speed, blood pressure rise, breathing increase etc. reaction；Control Parasympathetic reaction anterior region of hypothalamus and medial area, stimulate this region that heartbeat can be caused to slow down, peripheral vascular expansion etc. reaction. See below the 4. 1. content of part.

4. 3. Biochemistry Reaction System (including immune-internal system).By various endocrine substances in perceptron body and The content of non-endocrine biochemical substances, by information projection to the upper band of hypothalamus one, by the reaction treatment of its nerve nucleus, then instead Feedback is gone to control the secretion of various endocrine substances or adjusts the work of internal organ.According to current anatomical documentation, biochemical reaction system The major nerve core of system is rolled into a ball in epithalamus (such as pineal body) and hypothalamus subregion (depending on coker, nucleus paraventricularis etc.).Due to lacking Weary detailed anatomical documentation, specific work process can not be described in detail.

4. external information processing loop and internal information processing loop.Applicant is according to organism to external information and interior The controlling mechanism of portion's information, the various information processings of brain are summarized as two big loops, i.e., it is " external information control loop " and " internal Information control loop ".The former includes thought system and kinetic system, to various external informations (vision, the sense of hearing, smell, Tactile etc.) perceived and integration processing, and output control signal is controlled to body movement action, (including speak and book Write this special motion)；The latter includes visceral nervous system and Biochemistry Reaction System (including immune-internal system), right Information (internal organ working condition, endocrine substance, non-endocrine biochemical substances) in various bodies perceived and integration at Reason, and output control signal is controlled to internal organ, immune-internal system.The former activity is due to can be by thought system Perceived, so can have consciousness and consciousness, and the latter can not then be perceived by thought system mostly, so being imperception With it is unconscious；The former nerve nucleus is concentrated mainly on the opposite upper parts of the physical location of brain, so alternatively referred to as " upper ring Handle loop ", referred to as " upper loop ", the nerve nucleus of the latter is concentrated mainly on brain opposing lower portions, so alternatively referred to as " lower ring Handle loop ", referred to as " lower loop ".Excited influence and modulating action between the inside of same loop, each system is more straight Connect and obvious, and between inside and outside two loops, there is also the effect of phase inter-modulation.Wherein upper loop is operated in above It is described, lower loop is described below.

4. the 1. composition of internal information control loop (lower loop).Mainly include visceral nervous system, biochemical reaction system System (containing immune-internal system) and the control loop between them.Due to the various internal informations of body information content compared with Less, information change is slow, so the perception of its information is inputted, identified, remembering, reacting, the nerve of the various links of output control First quantity is all less, does not form independent nerve nucleus mostly, and is collected in same core group.

The signal projection of wherein visceral nervous system is as shown in figure 19.On the one hand, formed in spinal cord position in part Dirty simple reflex arc, feedback control is carried out to visceral motility, on the other hand, visceral sensory fiber concentrates on vagus nerve and led to Spinal cord is crossed into brain stem and mainly projects nucleus tractus solitaril.Nucleus tractus solitaril is the main relay nucleus group of visceroceptory sensation information, and its is defeated Go out and project dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve all the way, form the rudimentary reflex loop in brain stem aspect of visceral nervous system, it is absent-minded by being confused Go to control the work of internal organs through dorsal nucleus hair Visceromotor nerve；Another way be projected directly at hypothalamus as before nuclear, nucleus paraventricularis, The regions such as dorsomedial nucleus, transmit visceroceptory sensation information；Reticular formation of brain stem LHA is also projected all the way, especially including inner side With outside parabrachial nuclei, interior outer webs side core hair cholinergic nerve is projected to hypothalamus.The output of hypothalamus is then walked by fan Neural dorsal nucleus, hair Visceromotor nerve go to coordinate the work of control internal organ.It is same that applicant speculates that visceral nervous system equally has Pace pulse control loop, its loop are mainly made up of " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus ", and wherein nucleus tractus solitaril is direct The path transmission projected to hypothalamus is splanchnesthetic specifying information content, and carried out to reticular formation of brain stem LHA Projection projects not comprising specifying information " report " formula；And reticular formation of brain stem LHA (especially including core by interior outer webs) The cholinergic nerve projected to hypothalamus is the synchronization motivationtheory pulse of control loop；Meanwhile hypothalamus is also to the netted knot of brain stem Structure LHA carries out Descending Projectionss；With the oscillation rings of this round granting for forming " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus " Road namely " lower ring oscillation loop ".

So in intracerebral, controlling the visceral nervous system of visceral motility includes two big loops：First, by " internal organ (sensation) The rudimentary reflex loop in brain stem aspect that nerve → nucleus tractus solitaril → dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve → internal organ (motion) nerve " is formed, by Simple directly activity of the reflex loop respectively to each internal organs is felt and reflected；Second, by " the netted knot of brain stem The allied reflexes loop that structure LHA ← → hypothalamus " is formed, the sensation for receiving various internal organs is passed to, and receive brain its The modulation input of his nervous system (thinking nervous system, kinetic system, mood nervous system, endocrine nervous system), After Combined Treatment, row energization and modulation are entered in the activity to the rudimentary reflex loop of brain stem, so as to the work to internal organs Control is balanced, such as, the frequency and amplitude of breathing are adjusted, the speed of heartbeat is adjusted, adjusts blood pressure etc..Provided due to lacking Material, applicant can not infer the oscillatory rhythms of this oscillating loop, but come from the rhythm and pace of moving things of heartbeat and the rhythm and pace of moving things of thinking oscillating loop Judge, estimation be than relatively low, (being likely lower than 3 to 4 hertz), moreover, can not also infer this control loop whether with thinking The control loop of system is the same working mechanism.Visceral nervous system also receives the modulation of some modularity nerve nucleus of brain stem Nerve projects, and such as the noradrenergic nerve from locus coeruleus projects, from nucleus raphes dorsalis and the 5-HT energy of superior central nucleus Nervons projection.

And the information processing core of Biochemistry Reaction System is in epithalamus and hypothalamus subregion, and speculates and equally possess one Individual control loop, it is made up of " reticular formation of brain stem (center area)-epithalamus (and hypothalamus subregion) ".Due to biochemical anti- Answer the anatomical documentation of system (including internal system) this respect seldom, so can not be described in more detail.

4. the phase inter-modulation of loop is 2. descended.Lower loop includes visceral nervous system and Biochemistry Reaction System (contains endocrine System), maintain close ties between the two systems and interact, collectively form the collaboration to internal body viscera organ and endocrine work Control.Because the two systems are closely related with the health status of body, if it is possible to disclose the specific works of the two systems Process and mechanism, and the phase inter-modulation relation between them, just can be to various internal organ and the origin cause of formation of cryptorrhea disease And treatment, bring directive significance with a definite target in view.This respect applicant intends disclosed in other patent application, no longer explains here State.

4. 3. loop interacts up and down.It influences each other and modulated mainly is carried out by following two aspects.

(1), the neuron activity of upper and lower loop influences each other.Because the core link of two control loops is all in brain stem On network structure, if the network structure neuron activity of a certain loop is more active, can cause to nutriment (blood oxygen, blood glucose, Various neurotransmitters and quenched and its synthesis material etc.) contention and influence the network structure neuron activity of another loop, and Another loop may be modulated by modularity nerve nucleus, so as to have impact on the work of another loop.Wherein descend loop Modulation and influence on upper loop, reference can be made to above 3. 2. 7., 3. 5. 1., and 3. 6. 3., the 3. 6. 4. content of part.And upper loop Influence to lower loop, because the internal activity and reaction that refer to body are very slow, so more hidden.Such as when Brain is in nervous thinking, the oscillatory rhythms quickening of thinking oscillating loop, in the neuronal activation of this link of reticular formation of brain stem Granting action increase, the job insecurity of loop under the influence of meeting, so as to be adversely affected to internal organs and internal system. And when thought system nervous activity declines, such as, during deep sleep, thinking oscillating loop oscillatory rhythms are very low, in netted knot The neuron activity of structure link is slow, is advantageous to the work of lower loop, internal organs and internal system is restored.

(2) two-way modulation, is carried out by emotional system.It is applicant's understanding that the emotional system of brain is directly connected to inside and outside two Loop, the information of two loops is received extensively, the work to them in turn carries out two-way modulation, to enable body more to assist The adaptation of tune and the change of the various interior external informations of reply.This will carry out independent description below.

4. 5. emotional system.Applicant once hung back repeatedly to be divided in upper loop by emotional system and still descends loop, because Various external informations can either be directly received for emotional system, (including the external information such as vision, the sense of hearing, smell and average information Such as " event "), various internal informations also can be directly received, (including internal organ working condition and the information of internal biochemical substances, Although at this moment the thought system of our brains " is not known "), obvious influence can either be produced on thought system and kinematic system, (for example talking nonsense when exciting, excitation time strength of action increase), internal organ and internal system can also be produced obvious Influence, (such as palpitating speed when exciting, adrenal hormone increase, with one's hair standing on end when frightened), later two rings inside and outside analysis During the phase intermodulation effect on road, just understand that organism is exactly based on emotional system to be coupled two loops, for the work to them Coordinate and two-way modulation.

According to existing anatomical documentation, the major nerve core group of emotional system is amygdaloid nucleus.The inputs of amygdaloid nucleus and output Signal projection such as Figure 20.Wherein input projection includes：(1) the input of the average information, from extensive cerebral cortex and hippocampus, For example the content from language or text information can make one moved or indignant；(2), believe from the external sensation of smell and the sense of taste Breath directly inputs, for example special smell or the sense of taste can make one to feel happy or nausea；(visual information can not directly affect Mood, and need the content after identification to sway the emotion)；(3), from lower loop, mainly pass through hypothalamus and brain The input of the internal information of dry projection, such as the exception from internal organ or internal biochemical substances can make one to feel pain or difficult By；(4), the signal input from brain stem modularity nerve nucleus.And the output of amygdaloid nucleus and modulating action include：(1), Xiang Wenti Projection, to influence the nervous activity of kinetic system, for example, it is excited or frightened when can strengthen the speed or dynamics of motion； (2), to the projection of cortex and hippocampus, to influence the nervous activity of thought system, such as it is exciting when thinking accelerate or easily error； (3), to the projection of hypothalamus, nucleus tractus solitaril and dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, to influence the activity of visceral nervous system and internal system, Such as palpitating speed when exciting, adrenal hormone increase, with one's hair standing on end when frightened；(4), to the projection of brain stem, to influence multiple tune The activity of nerve core group processed, and then further influence the work of brain other systems.Closed from these input and output of amygdaloid nucleus System and its influence can be seen that, using amygdaloid nucleus as two information processing loops inside and outside the emotional system close ties of core, to them Nervous activity carry out coordinate and two-way modulation, so as to influence they activity and output, preferably to tackle information change.Feelings Input and reaction of the thread system to information equally can be with learning and memories, and its working mechanism is similar with the hippocampus of thought system. With reference to the working mechanism of brain other neural reflex systems, applicant speculates, amygdaloid nucleus seem also should with thalamus and some The core group for projecting cholinergic nerve forms a control loop, but due to lacking anatomical documentation, can not further describe.

4. the not same-action that 6. neuron of different neurotransmitters is handled in brain information.A variety of different god be present in brain Through mediator and its membrane receptor, there is also the different neurons for discharging these neurotransmitters, including cholinergic neuron, amino acid energy Neuron, monoaminergic nerve member and neuropeptide neuron etc..Many nerve nucleus of brain often simultaneously exist it is a variety of not Same neuron, and different Nervons projections is formed, and these different Nervons projections may both project same brain area jointly Or brain core group, it is also possible to projection intersected with each other, moreover, the neuron operation irregularity of different neurotransmitters can but cause sometimes it is same Kind brain function exception or disease, these all easily cause to perplex and missed to the information transfering path of analysis brain and working mechanism Lead.According to the transmission characteristic and Nervons projection path of various different neurotransmitters, and foregoing brain is combined for information Perception input, transmit, memory, reflection output working mechanism and controlling mechanism, analyze the neuron of different transmitter in brain Not same-action in information processing, the working mechanism of brain can be preferably analyzed and understood with this.

4. 6. 1. amino acid serotonergic neuron.Its neurotransmitter includes the glutamic acid (Glu) and asparagus fern ammonia of excitatory amino acid Sour (Asp), and the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine (Gly) of inhibitory aminoacid.Amino acid as neurotransmitter, Its transmission channels is easily influenceed and modulation by other mediators, and can form synaptic plasticity (STDP plasticity), so, Amino acid serotonergic neuron is the most basic and most important neuron of brain configuration information treatment channel.Central nervous system is almost All information transmissions and processing path all mainly can work in coordination with excitatory amino acid with inhibitory aminoacid serotonergic neuron Form, the input of information, transmission, integration, reflection and output are realized with this, and form the brain function of memory, thinking and consciousness. Amino acid serotonergic neuron also forms part modularity nerve pathway.

4. 6. 2. cholinergic neuron.Its neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (ACh).In nervous centralis, cholinergic nerve is passed The gated channel reaction of matter is exceedingly fast, without the pre-existing depolarising of cell membrane, under resting potential and in the case of hyperpolarization, one Denier part is combined with acceptor directly to cause gated channel to open, and the quick interior stream of calcium ion, trigger strong film excited, mostly The outburst of action potential can directly be triggered.Moreover, the aixs cylinder release ACh of cholinergic neuron is quick and of short duration, after release ACh from synaptic cleft except combined with acceptor, also spreading out and be degraded rapidly by cholinesterase, namely between release post-synapse The ACh of gap can be removed quickly.So after cholinergic neuron snapping motion current potential its have an effect and fail when Between it is all extremely short, and can produce projected rear class neuron strong film is excited and snapping motion current potential, this Strong and quick transmission characteristic, cholinergic neuron is set to be mainly used in synchronization motivationtheory, especially structure in neural activity Into lock-out pulse oscillating loop, the pulse that cyclic can be voluntarily formed without the synergy of other nerve pathways is sent out Put, and other nervous activities are controlled from sequential in this, as synchronization motivationtheory signal, the nerve for handling brain information Activity can be carried out in order, and the SECO effect of the clock signal of electronic computer is functioned similarly in this lock-out pulse.And Can be neural if the neuron projected is amino acid, the quick and strong excited excitation of cholinergic nerve, additionally it is possible to make its quick-fried The action potential of high threshold is sent out, so as to produce synaptic plasticity, forms memory effect.The transmission characteristic of cholinergic neuron also makes It is applied to the input and transmission of kinesitherapy nerve output, nerve-neuromuscular junction, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and part sensory information, but It is generally unsuitable for the direct channel of imformation memory processing.

4. 6. 3. monoaminergic nerve is first.Its neurotransmitter is the biogenic amine containing monoamine group.Monoaminergic nerve member includes Dopaminergic neuron, 5-hydroxytryptamine serotonergic neuron, noradrenaline serotonergic neuron and adrenal neurons and histamine. The effect of monoaminergic nerve member is that nervous activity is modulated.Emotional system is especially participated in, to thought system, kinesitherapy nerve The information processing of system and visceral nervous system is modulated.Wherein：(1), norepinephrine (NE) energy nerve, which is primarily present, prolongs The nerve nucleus of marrow and pons (such as nucleus ceruleus), carried out to extensive regions such as cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic systems Projection, it is mainly inhibition modulation that it, which is acted on, and the neuron activity of institute projected area is suppressed.When NE effect is too strong When, can extra-inhibitory thought system neuron activity, cause neuron activity extremely decline, such as there is depression.(2), 5- hydroxyls Tryptamines (5-HT) energy nerve is primarily present the core such as superior central nucleus of pons and midbrain nucleus raphes dorsalis group, wide to thalamus, cerebral cortex etc. General region is projected, and its projected area is similar with NE, but its effect is mainly enhancement modulation, to the nerve of institute projected area The excited integration of enhancing is played a part of in first activity.Easily occur depression when 5-HT is very few, and it is excessive when easily occur it is manic Disease.(3), dopamine (DA) neural can be primarily present the nerve nucleus (such as black substance) of midbrain and diencephalon, to cerebral cortex and edge The regions such as system are projected, and it is acted on mainly and enhancement is modulated.(4), histaminergic nerve is primarily present in PH Nodular nipple nucleus, up extensive region to forebrain, it is descending projected to brain stem and spinal cord, it, which is acted on, is mainly slept The modulation slept and awakened.The so-called enhancement and inhibition modulating action of modularity neuron are simultaneously nisi, because at information Inherently there is the phenomenon suppressed mutually in the neuron activity for managing path, amino acid energy nerve is also classified into excitability and inhibition two Kind, inhibition modulation is carried out to inhibitory neuron, substantially just strengthened equivalent to the excitatory neuron to being suppressed Property modulation.Exactly these complicated and cross one another modulation paths of monoaminergic nerve member, make the Nervons projection path of brain seem It is extremely complex, also it is exactly these complicated and interactional modulating actions, the thinking activities of brain is produced complicated various changes Change, and generate the higher brains such as mood, emotion, personality, desire, motivation, also have a dream and phenomena such as various mental diseases.

4. 6. 4. neural peptidergic neuron.Its neurotransmitter is that macromolecular polypeptides are neuropeptide (SP).Neuropeptide species is numerous It is more.It, which is acted on, produces slow and lasting, the physiological activity mainly to brain self neural member, and to the internal organ of body and interior The work of secretion is adjusted.

There are purine substance, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide etc. in addition, the activity of neuron is also assisted in, to nervous activity Being formed influences.

4. 6. 5. other cholinergic nerves projection of brain.The neuromuscular juinction of cholinergic neuron has quick and powerful Feature, synchronization motivationtheory pulse is used as in neural activity.Except be primarily present reticular formation of brain stem and thalamus, on Hypothalamus etc. forms lock-out pulse oscillating loop, and brain also has other main core groups for sending cholinergic nerve projection, is side The Septum Medialis and diagonal band nuclei of the septal area of edge system, the Meynert basal nucleis for also having basal forebrain, (basal forebrain is compound Body).Its related signal projection such as Figure 21.The projection and effect of these cholinergic nerve cores group include：(1) it is, up outstanding to cortex It is that sensory cortex and motor cortex are projected, and the integration processing to sensory information and movable information carries out cooperative exiting, especially It is that collaboration produces synaptic plasticity to form cognition and memory and motor memory；(2), projected to cingulate gyrus and hippocampal formation, Integration processing to the average information (i.e. declarative information) of thought system carries out cooperative exiting, and especially collaboration generation cynapse can Plasticity is remembered with forming hippocampus；(3), two-way mutual projection is carried out with amygdaloid nucleus and hypothalamus, to carry out phase to mutual work Inter-modulation, and cooperatively form emotional memory；(4), to the projection of some cores of midbrain group.On the other hand, these cholinergic nerve core groups It is affected by from nucleus ceruleus, midbrain nucleus raphes dorsalis, the norepinephrine energy of tegmen of midbrain veutro, 5-HT energy, dopamine The neuromodulation of energy.

Septal area and these cholinergic nerve core groups of basal forebrain, between being rolled into a ball with reticular formation of brain stem cholinergic nerve core, lead to Medial forebrain bundle is crossed to carry out coming and going contact.Due to lacking more detailed anatomical documentation, applicant does not understanding, be on earth every Area and basal forebrain these nerve nucleus are controlled by reticular formation of brain stem, or reticular formation of brain stem is controlled by these core groups SystemBased on whomOr work independently simply interact toward each otherFrom being related to the control to the processing of whole brain information From the point of view of popularity, it appears that reticular formation of brain stem is even more important.

In addition, it is internal in cerebellum, cerebral cortex, corpus straitum, hippocampus etc., also there is the short local projection of cholinergic nerve, It is the long extension projected of the cholinergic nerve to being received to speculate its effect, equally plays a part of cooperative exiting.

4. 7. simple nervous activity mode and powerful cerebral function.Synthesis is described above, from the overall structure of brain From the point of view of：Brain is multiple by thought system, kinetic system, emotional system, visceral nervous system, endocrine nervous system etc. Information processing system set is formed, and these system transpositions influence, and realize and various external informations and internal body information are felt Know and handle.From the point of view of the classification of neuron：The main channel that brain is mainly handled using amino acid energy nerve come configuration information, is adopted Driving pulse is produced with cholinergic nerve to enter row energization and SECO to information processing, can nerve and god using list (group) amine Come to carry out various modulation to information processing through peptidergic nerve, with this common Combined Treatment realized to information.From the work of neuron From the point of view of flowing mode：Brain generally comes and goes projection to form the neural minor loop of closed loop, with excitement using the neuron by 2 to 5 grades Integrate and come and go and provide the mode of action potential and carry out certain one's own information processing.For a certain neural minor loop, The neuron of some nodes receives the projections of other neural circuitries to realize information input or modulation input, separately in one side loop The neuron of some nodes is also projected to other neural circuitries to realize information output or modulation output in one side loop, " all linked with one another " forms huge neutral net.

The neural minor loop of this round projection only according to the simple manner that oneself is fixed need to " belong to certainly Oneself " signal integration processing, how complicated the signal without " comprehending " whole neutral net is, so being advantageous to keep loop certainly Body is neururgic in stable condition, and and can is inputted and exported respectively by mutual projection crisscross between ring and ring Kind information.Moreover, although each neuron is simply in the simple excited integration of progress and action potential granting, each nerve is small Loop is also all simply being transmitted and reflected to information with same simple reflex action, but due to：(1), neural minor loop Quantity is extremely huge, (2), neuron there is the excited function of integrating, the information of other multiple neural circuitries can be inputted simultaneously Carry out integration processing, and this integration processing has accurate analog quantity processing function, (3), inside neural minor loop and (4), between each neural minor loop Nervons projection between neural minor loop, its cynapse have the plasticity for transmitting efficiency, energy It is enough to cancel or formed new Nervons projection contact by synaptic remodelling, (5), there are a variety of different neurons, with different god Different nerve actions is carried out through mediator and quenched, different acceptors and different ion channels, so, these small rings of nerve The huge neutral net that road is formed can carry out powerful Combined Treatment to various complex informations.Brain is exactly huge with quantity Big neural minor loop, by way of this " all linked with one another ", " unlimited extension ", to realize the letter to various complicated magnanimity The processing of breath.

Moreover, during biological evolution, various neural minor loops can accordingly increase number according to the increase of information content Amount, and by the structure of this " all linked with one another ", continue to keep mutually to project, form almost can infinite expanding neutral net, And the basic framework of its Nervons projection can keep stable during extension, can keep biological evolution continuity and Stability.So the brain of people and mouse, the basic framework of its information transmission processing is the same, different simply each position Nerve fiber neuronal quantity.

Also just because of this structure projected mutually, so, for same abnormality of nerve function or disease, both it was probably Due to the neuron operation irregularity of its related neural circuitry, and directly contribute information processing exception；It is also likely to be due to this Neural circuitry enters row energization and the neuron operation irregularity of Synchronization Control, it can not be formed normal orderly work；It is also possible to It is due to the neuron operation irregularity for the various modulation paths being modulated to the neural circuitry, and makes it by improper modulation And operation irregularity.When treating these diseases, it is necessary to be analyzed this, more suitably therapeutic scheme can be just obtained.

5. to the explanation of several phenomenons of brain.It has been found that according to above to the sheet of " thinking ", " attention " and " consciousness " Matter, and the analysis to " attention " controlling mechanism, it can be easy to and explain some brain phenomenons well, including some are difficult at present With the disease of the insanity of explanation, some of them are briefly described below.

5. 1. brain wave.Think in the past, brain wave is that a large amount of neurons are under the control of thalamus lock-out pulse in cortex, together Caused by Shi Fafang action potentials, detected signal is the prominent of substantial amounts of cortical neuron synchronization snapping motion current potential The variable signal of current potential after touch.Therefore, be also considered as thinking be to rely on cortex a large amount of intrerneurons synchronize activation hair Put what is carried out.

5. 1. applicant accepts brain wave and is caused by the granting of thalamus lock-out pulse, but thinks, brain wave Produced by not a large amount of neurons of cortex synchronously activate, its reason is as follows.

(1) the neuron activity of cortex is the basis of human thinking, memory and various reactions, then, if with for the moment Carving cortex has substantial amounts of neuron synchronous spike action potential together, then can cause the attachment structure of a large amount of neurons with for the moment Change at quarter or update, this inevitably results in the chaotic and unstable of the thinking of brain, memory and reflex activity.

(2) does not meet the principle for saving power consumption as far as possible of biological evolution.The action potential granting of neuron is a power consumption Larger activity, from the point of view of biological evolution, organism should not be produced using the synchronous movement of substantial amounts of cortical neuron The information change of one least unit, and can more select to evolve to using the activity of a small amount of (preferably one) neuron to realize This result, to save non-essential power consumption as far as possible.

(3) the amplitude variations of different waves of the without method interpretation brain wave.If brain wave is a large amount of neuron actions of cortex Caused by Electric spike, then when brain is in excited and quick thinking, (β ripples occur), at this moment Cerebral cortex has more Neuron participation activity, brain wave amplitude just should be bigger normally, and brain is in deep sleep or stupor, (δ ripples occur), this When Cerebral cortex there was only seldom neuron in activity, the amplitude of brain wave should very little normally.But actual conditions are just on the contrary, occur The amplitude of brain wave is smaller during β ripples, only ten a few to tens of microvolts, and brain wave amplitude maximum during δ ripples occurs, micro- more than 50 Volt, or even microvolt up to a hundred, the negatively correlated phenomenon of oscillatory rhythms and amplitude is presented.

(4) the information of action potential pulse is not had on brain waves.If brain wave is a large amount of neuron synchronous spikes of cortex Caused by action potential, even these neurons provide action potential after postsynaptic potential caused by, then, detecting To on the basis of the change information (namely existing obtained by electroencephalogram) of these postsynaptic potentials, should also detect it is very sharp very In the pulse information of axonal transport, current detection technique is fully able to accomplish the very high action potential of narrow but amplitude, but actual On do not have, do not detect action potential outburst when pulse information.

5. the working mechanism that 1. 2. applicant is controlled according to thinking and thinking oscillating loop to thinking, analysis are recognized For：Brain wave is not that a large amount of neurons synchronously provide caused by action potential by activation in cortex, but thalamus is carried out to cortex After lock-out pulse is provided, stimulation of a large amount of neurons due to only relying on lock-out pulse in cortex fails to integrate trigger action electricity Position, and the film local excitation of Decay Rate can only occur, the film local excitation of these a large amount of neurons synchronously carries out Decay Rate Expand cloth, synchronously fluctuation is only the true cause for producing brain wave to its caused electric field.

The corticopetal Nervons projection of thalamus is diffusible, i.e., on the axonal projections and cortex of each neuron of thalamus One group of (N number of) neuron establish have synaptic contact.The a certain moment, when one group of (M) neuron of thalamus is by network structure Up granting and when activating, this group of neuron is carried out to a large amount of (M × N number of) neurons in the relevant partitions domain in cortex simultaneously Lock-out pulse granting, but lock-out pulse is the excited stimulation for forming one side, is still not enough to individually make cortex in most cases Stimulated neuron trigger action current potential, only those simultaneously (or before short time) by other excitement excitation indivedual god Through member, (namely related Neurons on chain type activation link), could due to enough excited integrate and trigger action is electric Position, (and providing pulse to thalamus feedback, trigger next synchronous pulse, to maintain continuing for chain type activation).And other Those a large amount of (M × N number of) neuron, due to lack it is excited integrate and lock-out pulse can not be triggered, the lock-out pulse of thalamus Them can only be made to produce the film local excitation in postsynaptic, and carry out expanding cloth on film and decay.Then, these are substantial amounts of in cortex Neuron, encouraged by the excitement of lock-out pulse, and carried out also without trigger action current potential, its local excitation on film simultaneously It is synchronous to expand cloth, the synchronous fluctuation of electric field is formed, just forms brain wave.So it is a large amount of neurons " one of cortex that brain wave, which is not, Play synchronous activation (trigger action current potential) " it is caused afterwards, though after a large amount of neurons in cortex are due to " stimulated together " Caused by " failing to activate together ".

5. 1. 3. such working mechanism more meets the principle for saving power consumption as far as possible of biological evolution, can also explain brain electricity The ripple oscillatory rhythms phenomenon negatively correlated with amplitude.When brain is in excited, exciting and quick thinking, (there are β ripples), at this moment greatly " attention " of brain thinking activities is pointed to and concentrated very much, and thalamus only carries out quick lock-out pulse to the smaller cortex of projection scope Provide, so, it is less to fail the neuronal quantity of trigger action current potential after being stimulated by lock-out pulse, and films caused by them are locally emerging The amplitude of brain wave is naturally just smaller caused by the synchronous expansion cloth put forth energy.And (there is δ in deep sleep or stupor in brain Ripple), at this moment brain does not have thinking activities, is pointed to without specific " attention " yet, and thalamus is slowly vibrated with network structure Provide, and pulse granting synchronized to the neuron of cortex extensive region, but due to lock-out pulse interval it is excessive and can not The activation of these neurons is encouraged, so, fail the neuronal quantity of trigger action current potential after being stimulated in cortex by lock-out pulse Very more, the amplitude that brain wave caused by cloth is synchronously expanded in their film local excitation is naturally just bigger.

5. it is to cortex small range regardless of the lock-out pulse granting of thalamus at a time 1. 4. according to such explanation Or extensive region projected, most neurons are all to fail trigger action current potential after excited target in cortex, can The simply very small amount neuron of trigger action current potential is activated, although the action potential signal amplitude of this minimal amount of neuron is more Height, but quantity is few after all, and the signal that synchronously spreads of the local excitation for being overshadowed in a large amount of neurons for failing activation it In, so we fail to detect the signal of these action potentials in electroencephalogram.(some god only in brain operation irregularity Through disease), thalamus carries out high rhythm and pace of moving things pulse granting to the multiple regions of cortex simultaneously singularly, causes the neuron of the multiple positions of cortex Trigger action current potential simultaneously, at this moment we, which are possible to detect, obtains this not only high frequency but also the brain wave of high amplitude.

Certainly, the activation electric discharge of non-thinking activities, i.e., so-called spontaneous discharge may also occur in cortical neuron, but apply People thinks that spontaneous discharge should be scattered accidental, so will not also be made a big impact on electroencephalogram, may be simply micro- Weak noise.See " the 2. 4. 5. spontaneous discharge of neuron " part.According further to anatomical documentation, seem that there is also a small amount of in cortex Cholinergic neuron, applicant speculates that these cholinergic neurons are not belonging to information processing path, but lock-out pulse connects Continuous, they may follow lock-out pulse and activate electric discharge, play a part of similar lock-out pulse, but negligible amounts.

5. it is that synchronously the theories of action potentials is provided in activation to a large amount of neurons of cortex 1. 5. to think brain wave in the past, also make with Understanding toward the working mechanism to human thinking causes very big misleading, thinks that the action each time of brain thinking is required for depending on The synchronous movement of a large amount of neurons of cortex is realized, it is believed that memory and reflection of the cortex to information is using a large amount of nerves First passage time coding or frequency coding, are realized under the control of lock-out pulse by accurate synchronous spike.But in fact, Time encoding and frequency coding are primarily present in the path for feeling incoming and movement output：Feel incoming aspect, feel god Through member the property of various sensory stimulis and intensity are recorded and transmit using time encoding and frequency coding；In movement output side Face, the accurate control to muscular movement direction and dynamics is realized using time encoding and frequency coding；So brain is incoming It is concurrent working with output facet, we can experience many simultaneously and feel input, can also carry out a variety of fleshes simultaneously Meat acts.It is exactly specific using locus coding come what is realized and brain is in the memory and thinking to average information One or one group of neuron correspond to a specific information, orderly movable successively of these single or single group neurons (chain type activation), just forms information flow, and form thinking or information recalls output.So the thinking of brain is serial work Make, there was only one in synchronization " thinking ", when thinking is carried out using language, thinking can only be carried out word for word by word.

5. essence, startup and the maintenance 2. slept.Existing research discloses sleep and may triggered by some core groups of hypothalamus, depending on Feel and reflex circuit is formed by regard coker, corpora mammillare etc. of hypothalamus, produce circadian rhythm (i.e. biological clock) control signal, then it is up To thalamus and cortex, the descending projection to the being modulated property such as brain stem and spinal cord, (histaminergic neuron), to sleep and awaken into Row control.It is but unclear to its specific controlling mechanism.Moreover, such theory be difficult to explain brain can by subjective consciousness Lai Control sleep, including the behavior such as stay up late and get up late once in a while.

5. the essence 2. 1. slept.Applicant thinks that the essence of sleep is the one of brain external information control loop The low rhythm and pace of moving things working condition of kind：When the oscillatory rhythms of " network structure-thalamus " oscillating loop are relatively low, during less than 3 hertz, thalamus to The interval of the lock-out pulse of cortex granting is excessive, and cortical neuron can not be made to obtain continuous excited and integrate trigger action electricity Position, chain type activation can not be carried out, and then thought system loses attention, thinking and consciousness, into sleep state.

5. the Initiated Mechanism 2. slept.According to " the shadow that 3. 5. the rhythm and pace of moving things of thinking oscillating loop changes and worked brain Ring." content, it is applicant's understanding that make brain enter sleep state, even if also the oscillatory rhythms of thought system oscillating loop reduce To less than 3,4 hertz, there are two kinds of main Starting mode：(1), made by modulation of the lower ring control loop to thinking control loop With.This includes the modulation of the circadian rhythm signal from pars mamillaris hypothalami, (influence of biological clock), also includes from internal organ god Modulation through system and internal system, (influence of the state such as tired, uncomfortable), these modulated signals are directly controlled thinking The neuron activity of loop links (especially formatio reticularis mesencephali) is suppressed, make its come and go provide oscillatory rhythms by Gradually decline, eventually enter into sleep.This mode is the needs of body interior, is passively to start sleep.(2), cortex thinking is passed through Self suppression of the activity to thinking control loop.Due to descending throwing of the neuron activity to intralaminar nuclei and nucleus reticularis of cortex The speed of its neuronal excitation integration can be influenceed by penetrating, and cortical neuron activity can influence net to the Descending Projectionss of network structure The excitement of " attention " path of shape structure, so as to influence the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of whole loop, so, by reducing thinking activities, (make Oneself is tranquil, does not think deeply), the downstream driver signal of Cortical neurons activity is reduced, so as to gradually reduce shaking for thinking control loop The rhythm and pace of moving things is swung, eventually enters into sleep.This is subjective desired sleep, is actively to start sleep.

Both Starting mode, each can start sleep, but the startup of one way in which is again often with another A kind of response, both form positive feedback and brain is entered sleep jointly.When both occur uncoordinated, if can start and sleep Dormancy just sees that the effect in terms of which is more powerful：When uncomfortable, although your the subjective body that is not desired to sleep sleeps you Have dizzy spells, for example, it is drowsiness；Or subjective sleepy is slept but body makes you can't fall asleep again, for example have a sleepless night.When somagenic need sleep, You also can within a certain period of time work on and adhere to not sleeping, for example stay up late；Or when body does not need, but it is boring when You can make to continue to sleep yourself, for example get up late.In addition, according to " 3. 5. the rhythm and pace of moving things of thinking oscillating loop changes and to brain work The influence of work ", also two ways can influence to sleep：(3), the modulation of emotional system.It is depressed to be easily accessible sleep, feelings Thread excitement is excited to be then not easily accessed sleep.(4), the effect of medicine.For example anaesthetize, directly suppress nervous activity, into a kind of spy Different sleep.

The active state of brain when 5. 2. 3. sleeping.Into the process of sleep, the thinking loop oscillation rhythm and pace of moving things is gradually to reduce , when oscillatory rhythms drop to 7-4 hertz of scopes, belong to critical condition, the at this moment excitation of lock-out pulse can still make cortex portion Divide neuron to carry out excited integration and activate, but excited integration is slow, and neuron activity is inactive, can not be formed and linked up clearly Activate chain, only some accidental isolated thinking fragments.Although at this moment also there is " consciousness " in brain, to various stimulate the reactions Blunt, thinking obscures, and typically is not easy to form memory.This is the situation of (including when very sleepy) before brain is felt just before going to bed.

Under deep sleep：(1), human thinking system is suppressed, and does not produce thinking activities；(2), the outside of brain Feel that input is suppressed, the stimulation to the external world is reactionless or slow in reacting；(3), the kinetic system of brain is also suppressed, and is not had To form action output.But if this three is no while suppressed, some suppressed and some aspects of aspect are not suppressed, Just it is not deep sleep, at this moment interesting situation occurs in brain, including has a dream and dream of.(being described elsewhere below).

5. the maintenance 2. 4. slept.Sleep once triggers, namely thinking control loop oscillatory rhythms are less than 3,4 hertz, this When thalamus with this low rhythm and pace of moving things to cortex provide driving pulse, because the driving pulse of this low rhythm and pace of moving things can not make cortical neuron Complete excited integrate and activate, so the neuron of cortex is also sent out with regard to not carrying out descending feedback to thalamus and network structure Put, and this causes intralaminar nuclei, nucleus reticularis and network structure can not all carry out excited integration at faster speed, so that whole Individual thinking oscillating loop is continuously maintained at low rhythmic oscillations state, meanwhile, by mutual modulation relation, also make lower loop Modularity nerve nucleus keep suppression to thought system, maintain sleep state jointly.

5. 2. 5. have a sleepless night.According to the Initiated Mechanism of sleep, causing to have a sleepless night namely sleeping to start also has several factors： (1), lower loop can not reduce it and provide the rhythm and pace of moving things, so can not start sleep to the undermodulation of thinking oscillating loop.Due under Loop and upper loop are more mutual inhibitory action, when older, during lower loop Underactivity, to thinking oscillating loop Suppress deficiency, so being easier to have a sleepless night.(2), thought active, the neuron activity of thinking path enliven, and can not reduce thinking vibration The granting rhythm and pace of moving things of loop, so sleep can not be started.(3), mood is excessively excited, and the neuron for similarly influenceing thinking path is lived It is dynamic excessively active, sleep can not be started.(4), the influence of medicine, directly makes nervous activity enliven and can not sleep.According to causing to lose These factors slept, the related application technology for the treatment of insomnia can be developed.

5. the 3. startup of awakening and thinking.Awakening is the inverse process of sleep, when thinking oscillating loop turns again from the low rhythm and pace of moving things When turning to the higher rhythm and pace of moving things (being higher than 8 hertz) vibration, thalamus is shorter to the driving pulse interval of cortex granting, so be enough to swash again Encourage cortical neuron to carry out excited integration and trigger activation, then start thinking activities again, into waking state, and by netted The influence of structure and the modulating action for modulating neuron, also make kinetic system derepression, recover normal operating conditions.

Cause to be converted to awakening from sleep namely cause the elevated factor of thinking oscillating loop oscillatory rhythms mainly to include： (1) the change of the modulated signal, from lower loop.When ambient light brightens (or the length of one's sleep is enough), the modulation letter of hypothalamus Number (biological clock signal) acts on thinking oscillating loop so that the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of oscillating loop improves.(2), from thinking loop certainly The neururgic stimulation of body.Include the stimulation of extraneous sensory information, such as the stronger sense of hearing or haptic stimulus, also include doing Descending stimulation when Cortical neurons activity is excessively strong during dream, these strong stimulations project formatio reticularis mesencephali, encourage its god Oscillating loop is triggered to provide rhythm and pace of moving things rise through first activity.All it is the suppression of lower loop is weakened and is thought no matter with which kind of factor The oscillatory rhythms rise of loop is tieed up, and forms positive feedback and further speeds up this process.And once oscillatory rhythms are increased to 7,8 More than hertz, then thalamus is enough to encourage cortical neuron to produce continuous chain type activation, thought again to the lock-out pulse of cortex granting Dimension activity just produces naturally therewith, (gushing certainly for thinking).And the thinking activities of cortex once produce, its neuron activity one side Face downstream driver thalamus and network structure maintain high rhythmic oscillations, and trigger " attention " of network structure, on the other hand to sensation Cortical projection produces " consciousness ", and then " attention ", " thinking " and " consciousness " just all recovers.Thinking activities during awakening can be from What various incidental informations started, such as the content in the information of sense of hearing tactile, dream, content of thought before sleep etc., but once Thinking is formed, just revert to the control of thought system " attention " mechanism.

5. 4. have a dream.Applicant thinks：Daydream is under sleep state, and the inhibitory action that each passage of brain is subject to is not Caused by synchronization.Corticocerebral nervous activity is modulated nerve by from the granting of thalamus lock-out pulse, hypothalamus, brain stem The various control of core group, limbic system and Meynert basal nucleis, under waking state, feel input, thinking activities and motion Nerve exports three all without being suppressed, and feels that input information can project thought system and produce the sensation such as auditory visual, thinks Maintain the output of system can also project kinematic system produce body action or writing of speaking, the activity of thought system also throw simultaneously It is mapped to joint Auditory cortex (especially auditory speech centre) and produces and self perceive namely produce consciousness, but thought system is to connection The projection for closing visual cortex is suppressed, (its biological significance is to avoid interfering with each other with vision input information, in order to avoid make motion defeated Go out confusion), perceived so human thinking activity includes the imagination all without image vision is produced.And in deep sleep, thinking system System, feel that input, movement output three are all suppressed simultaneously, so without thinking activities, insensitive, nothing of flaccid muscles is moved Make.

But if this three is not suppressed simultaneously, wherein feel that the nervous activity of input and movement output is suppressed, and Thought system is not suppressed or suppressed deficiency, just causes the oscillatory rhythms of thinking control loop to raise, and thalamus is carried out to cortex The lock-out pulse granting of the high rhythm and pace of moving things, (so electroencephalogram shows the brain wave of the high rhythm and pace of moving things when having a dream), then cortical neuron produces Coherent chain type activation, namely produce thinking activities.Due at this moment feeling that input is suppressed, thinking activities will not receive really Sensory information, and simply carried out between the intrerneuron of associated cortex, so have a dream presentation is more that one kind is similar to The thinking activities of the imagination, but at this moment thought system is suppressed to projection of the joint sensory cortex including joint optic cortex is also no, Then the information of the various imaginations caused by thought process, joint sensory cortex is all projected, produces to be similar to and see or hear Sensation, namely have a dream.Because kinesitherapy nerve output is also suppressed when having a dream, so action typically will not be by caused by dreamland Performed by kinematic system, limb muscle is still relaxed, and only oculomotor nerve is both controlled by kinetic system, and by superior colliculus and net The control of shape structure, so eye dynamic action occurs when having a dream.The stopping of startup, dream for dream, dreamland are recalled, applicant It will be described in detail, be not further described in addition with related invention of having a dream.

5. dream of.Applicant thinks：Sleep-walking is also the modulating action that each passage of brain is subject under sleep state Caused by asynchronous, but it is different with having a dream, and sleep-walking is that thought system is suppressed, and feels input especially vision input and fortune Dynamic nerve output is no to be suppressed or suppresses deficiency.Because vision input channel and movement output are not suppressed, so vision Information can be projected onto joint optic cortex, sleepwalker it can be seen that.And due to joint optic cortex have projection passage be not required to by The control of thought system and directly projected to motor cortex, and cause the reaction of motor cortex and output program sexual act, (this projection and reaction are the procedural memories that body developmental process learns to obtain, and are stored in kinetic system, without Controlled by thought system, brain be exactly by it is this directly projection and procedural memory come complete it is various without " attention " also without The action of " consciousness ", such as have a meal, walk, avoiding barrier everyday actions), so, motor cortex receives joint optic cortex Superframe signal, in the case where no thought system participates in, procedural reaction action, output fortune according to existing for memory before Dynamic signal, control body carry out athletic performance, including get up, walk, the action such as switch gate, stair activity, namely dream of Situation.

During sleep-walking, eyes are opened by the control of motor cortex, and sleepwalker is it can be seen that but because thought system is suppressed System, so at this moment its vision does not have " to pay attention to ", show as eyes without god, moved without eye or eye move it is abnormal.Do not have during sleep-walking Consciously, the content for dreaming of generation will not be also remembered in thought system, that is, being set out property is remembered, but if repeatedly carrying out A certain action, the then action can be remembered in kinetic system, turn into procedural memory.Thought system is to be pressed down during sleep-walking System, but the preceding more active neuron of some sleeps of associated cortex may influence whether projection of the sensory cortex to motor cortex Relation, so the thing that sleep-walking occurs can have certain relation with content of thought before.

It can be seen from the generation mechanism of above-mentioned daydream and sleep-walking, in sleep, if the external information loop of brain is outer Portion feels input, thought system (average information processing system) and kinesitherapy nerve output, and this three is by being suppressed asynchronous When, just there may be the sleep of exception, wherein producing daydream, external sensation and kinesitherapy nerve when independent thought system suppresses insufficient Sleep-walking is produced when output suppresses insufficient.Applicant is speculated with this：During independent external sensation input constraint deficiency, sleep is easily called out Wake up；When independently moving nerve output suppresses insufficient, unconscious movement and the muscular tone such as turn when sleeping, (due at this moment There is no the projection of external information and thought system, kinematic system itself can not produce more actions)；External sensation is inputted and thought When maintaining system and suppressing insufficient, external sensation information can influence dreamland content, or sleep is easily waken up；Thought system and motion When nerve output suppresses insufficient, daydream can produce action output, at this moment frequently can lead to have a dream and sleep to be waken up with a start.

5. 6. mental disease.The operation irregularity of brain, the related disease of various brains can be caused, custom was according to whether there is device in the past Matter venereal disease becomes and these diseases is divided into neuropathy and mental disease, (or even also mental disease), virtually all of cerebral disease After all it is the operation irregularity of cranial nerve, only abnormal position is different with mode.Wherein epilepsy, Parkinson, This kind of sick existing research such as Alzheimer disease is a lot.Here simple analysis, it is several related with thought system Thinking under mental disease, i.e. waking state (namely having " consciousness " state) is abnormal, be thought system " attentions " control loop with The collaborative work of neuromodulation path is abnormal caused.

It has been observed that thinking activities be thought system neuron carry out chain type activation, and by " attentions " control access with The collaboration modulation of multiple modulation paths.In the stimulation inputted in face of information, the travel direction of chain type activation namely the think of of thinking Road, by the attachment structure (namely memory, including knowledge, event, experience etc.) of related Neurons and multiple modulation paths and The joint effect of " attention " control access.In different people, the effect power of these control access and modulation path can slightly have difference, Therefore cause different people its thinking and output result when in face of same information input different, formed different cognition preferences and Different personality.But if the difference of these modulating actions and normal person exceed to a certain degree, turn into abnormal, thinking will be caused Exception.If specifically, under waking state, these " attentions " control and the effect of modulation path and its power produce different Often, at this moment the thought system of patient is still and can carry out thinking activities under these abnormal modulating actions, but due to now Thinking activities by improper control or modulation, the thinking and result namely behavior expression of its thinking just with normal person very much not Equally, this thinking and behavior expression be able to can not also be understood by normal person, and institute is to be referred to as mental disease.

5. 6. 1. attention deficit disease.In " control, maintenance and the switching that 3. 4. pay attention to " part, applicant analyzes thinking system Unite " attention " control, maintenance and the working mechanism switched, i.e., the classification control that brain passes through formatio reticularis mesencephali-thalamus-cortex System, the control pointed to thinking " attention " is formed, what wherein formatio reticularis mesencephali was responsible for is that " attention " is pointed into which information is led to Road, what thalamus was responsible for is that " attention " is pointed to which part in same information channel.Various information passage, including extraneous input The neuron activity of information channel (vision, the sense of hearing, smell etc.) and thinking passage, there is the nerve integrated by polymerism to export " report form " projection is carried out to formatio reticularis mesencephali, formatio reticularis mesencephali is carried out by the intensity inputted to various information and time Compare integration, which information channel selected " to pay attention to ", and once produce " attention " to the information channel, then can be logical by this The maintenance to " attention " is realized in the feedback of Cortical neurons activity Descending Projectionss and the suppression to other information passage in road, directly To there is the stronger information input of other information passage, " attention " switching is produced.

The working mechanism maintained according to " attention ", if feedback of the Cortical neurons activity to formatio reticularis mesencephali Descending Projectionss The intensity deficiency of signal, or the mutual inhibitory action deficiency that each information upstream passage of formatio reticularis mesencephali is mutual, will Cause certain information channel after by " attention ", the maintenance " paid attention to " can not be normally carried out so that the sensing of " attention " is held very much singularly Easily switched between each information channel.This can not be given more sustained attention to a certain thing macroscopically, just showing as brain, Easily divert one's attention absent-minded etc., namely " attention " defect occur.

" attention deficit " be thought system " attention " controlling mechanism namely for thinking activities provide synchronization motivationtheory arteries and veins There is exception in the control loop of punching, makes " to pay attention to " pointing to normally remain caused, in terms of being related to thought system.And due to Similarly there is the control loop and controlling mechanism of this granting synchronization motivationtheory pulse in kinetic system, work as kinetic system There is similar exception, be hyperactivity.Abnormal how dynamic and impulsion behavior occurs in hyperactivity patient, and is related to details The control of the action of property and harmony are bad.Attention deficit (ADD) and hyperactivity (HKS) are typically classified as one kind by current research Disease, i.e. " attention-deficit hyperactivity disease " (ADHD), and ADHD is divided into attention deficit type, multi-action and mixed type.

Kinetic system is additionally, since to include by thought system control section (conscious action) and not by thinking Systems control division point (unconscious action), kinetic system is anomaly occurred in not by thought system when this controlling mechanism During the part of control, disease (Tics, or Tourette syndrome) of twitching will be caused.Patient can be produced not by the not autonomous of consciousness control Movement output, including make various actions, i.e. action type (Mot or Tic) in face or body in spite of oneself, or not by Various strange sound, i.e. sound type (Vocal Tic) are independently sent, (sound is substantially also a kind of action output).

5. 6. 2. self-closing disease.According to analysis, self-closing disease is also " attention " controlling mechanism operation irregularity of human thinking system It is caused, but with attention deficit disease on the contrary, self-closing disease is not " attention " is unable to maintain that, self-closing disease is human thinking system " note Meaning " is pointed to can not carry out normal " attentions " switching between each information channel, and singularly concentrations with maintain it is internal On some neural channels that portion's average information is handled, other neural channels are particularly suppressed so as to also relatively inhibit " attention " to the external information input channel such as vision, the sense of hearing, tactile, causes patient to perceive external information, but It is not easy to cause " attention ", then these external informations just can not obtain the normal processing of thought system.Because patient can perceive External information, so the action for the instincts such as daily routines and hedging that can carry out walking etc. is (namely without thought system control Action), be also not in illusion, but various extraneous input information (vision, the sense of hearing, tactile etc.) are not easy to cause formatio reticularis mesencephali " attention " of " attention " control access, be also just difficult to obtain thought system processing (namely lack lock-out pulse granting swash Encourage).So patient includes the information such as extraneous event, others' conversation content to various extraneous input information is not easy " note Meaning ", reaction is weaker or even blunt, and abnormal wholwe-hearted " attention " is in some thinking activities of oneself.It is additionally, since communication Process generally require between the different information contents carry out arbitrarily and frequently switch, and the thought system of patient be difficult into Row normal " attentions " switching, so difficult and obstacle occurs in patient when carrying out communication with other people, long will be due to It is difficult and avoid this exchange.And because " attention " to external information is weaker, patient is also not easy " to pay attention to " arriving other people table The information of these faint details such as feelings, sight, the tone, mood, " will not more pay attention to " to oneself Emotion expression and this A little performances cause other people what reaction, thus patient can not be formed to oneself normal perception with other people mood and expression and Reaction, it is long-term conventional, just cause patient to lack normal Emotion expression and emotion communication.That is, the language of self-closing disease is handed over Obstacle and athymia these symptoms are flowed, are due to that " attentions " of its thought system is pointed to not carrying out normally switching and led in fact The result of cause.According to the different degrees of of " attention " switching exception, self-closing disease can also have the different a variety of performances of degree, suffer from when serious " attention " can be pointed to and maintain for a long time in the nervous activity of some average informations and ignore various external informations completely by person, cause Communication is degenerated and even finally lost, or even loses the suppression to oneself behavior due to losing to " attention " of other things System, produce Impulsive or aggression.Because self-closing disease is " attention " anomalous concentration, it is not easy to carry out " attention " switching, institute So that self-closing disease patient should be not easy to be induced " N400 " current potential of brain electricity, need stronger or more longlasting stimulation in other words N400 current potentials can be just induced.

From the point of view of the controlling mechanism that brain " attention " points to, (" 3. pay attention to see " the 3. input transmission channels of information " and 4. Control, maintenance and switching " part content).The exception of this " attention " switching, it may be possible to：(1), extraneous input channel is in The superframe signal of brain network structure is excessively weak in itself, can not trigger " attention "；(2), the thinking passage of cortex is to formatio reticularis mesencephali Descending Projectionss overflow, so as to trigger " attention " of formatio reticularis mesencephali " attention " control access to point to more strongly；⑶、 The effect suppressed mutually between each data feedback channel of formatio reticularis mesencephali is too strong, and certain passage once obtains " paying attention to " just abnormal strong Ground suppresses the competition signal of other passages.External information is not easy to pay attention to from patient from the point of view of the performance of self-closing disease, it appears that be (1), but applicant be more biased towards in infer it is main or below two kinds especially the (3) plant, reason includes：(1) it is, if extraneous defeated It is excessively weak in itself to enter the project information of passage, just should be some customizing messages passage (one of passage such as vision, the sense of hearing, tactile) Cross it is weak, without that should be that all extraneous input information are all not easy " to pay attention to "；(2), patient " can not pay attention to " extraneous letter Breath, is simply difficult to normally switch, and patient can also be absorbed in some external informations for a long time sometimes, for example play for a long time Play an article or be absorbed in for a long time and do a certain thing, illustrate the exception of main still " attention " switching of self-closing disease.⑶、 Studies have found that, some self-closing diseases patient is very sensitive to some sound, can usually feel very noisy in addition, but barrier be present to talk Hinder, illustrate patient not to Auditory Perception deficiency, but can perceive but " can not pay attention to ", can not normally handle these sound letter Breath, and noise simply is treated as, (vision can be avoided by " not seeing ", but the sense of hearing can not be avoided by " not listening "). So supposition self-closing disease is Descending Projectionss overflow of the associated cortex thinking passage to formatio reticularis mesencephali, or midbrain is netted The effect suppressed mutually between each data feedback channel of structure is too strong, points to " attention " of formatio reticularis mesencephali and excessively maintains certain A little thinking passages, and it is difficult to normal " attention " switching.The thinking passage for being additionally, since brain is also multiple differences be present Packet and different passages, each thinking passage is projected by respective Descending Projectionss path to formatio reticularis mesencephali, from Close disease should be some of which passage projection it is too strong, so the content of thought that self-closing disease patient is absorbed in is also unilateral, And may therefore cause the thinking ability of some aspects excessively weak, and too strong passage is pointed in its " attention ", due to for a long time at this A little passages carry out information processings, are likely to result in that the thinking ability of this aspect is superpower, thus as deformity weighting in a certain respect Talent.

The exception of this " attention " controlling mechanism of self-closing disease, may be largely genetic, i.e., brain is given birth in infant Just the structural dysplasia of neural channel is formed when long.Acquired disposition is also likely to be due to some neurotransmitters or quenched different Often, or the modulating action from brain stem modularity nerve nucleus is abnormal, causes Descending Projectionss overflow or suppresses mutually Act on too strong；Even, because the Descending Projectionss passage of cortex belongs to amino acid energy nerve, its signal transmission is with plasticity , so it is learned that it is abnormal, which to be also not excluded for this " attention ",.Adjusted because each neural channel of brain commonly has interaction The phenomenon of system, so, cause self-closing disease Producing reason, necessarily other nervous activities can also be had an impact, cause some trouble There is otherwise brain function exception in person, self-closing disease is seemed more complicated.When treating self-closing disease, it is necessary to pay attention to its perception Abnormal, talk obstacle and athymia etc. characteristic symptoms are actually that " attention " sensing switching of its thought system is abnormal long-term Caused result, treatment needs could be more effective for its essence.

5. 6. 3. schizophrenia.Psychotic disorder has various clinical symptoms, land symptom, negative symptoms, cognition disease Shape, anxiety symptom etc., are medically all classified as schizophrenia, due to can not find physiopathology basis, are presently considered to belong to work( Can property disease.It is applicant's understanding that the modulating action that schizophrenia is also brain modularity path triggers extremely, and it is different Symptom have different modulation abnormal.The abnormal essence of the nervous activity of the lower wherein most typical positive symptom of surface analysis.

Above analyze, corticocerebral neuron activity by from hypothalamus or/and brain stem modulated signal (including The modulated signal of sleep/awakening) modulation, under waking state, feel input, thinking activities and kinesitherapy nerve output three All without being suppressed, feel that input information can project thought system and produce the sensation such as auditory visual, the output of thought system Kinematic system can also be projected and produce body action or writing of speaking, the activity of thought system also projects the joint sense of hearing simultaneously Cortex especially auditory speech centre, which produces, self perceives namely produces consciousness, but throwing of the thought system to joint visual cortex Penetrate suppressed, avoid interfering with each other with real vision input information, in order to avoid cause thinking and movement output chaotic, so brain Thinking activities include the imagination all without produce image visually-perceptible.But if under waking state, thought system is to joint The projection of visual cortex is not suppressed or suppresses deficiency, then the information for being related to vision caused by thought process is especially imagined Illusion out, joint visual cortex will be projected and be perceived, inputted as a kind of real visual pattern, and with eyes Real external image be overlapped, form compound image.At this moment patient is perceived, namely patient institute " seeing ", It is the combination picture that the external image seen of his eyes is superimposed with the illusion that himself is envisioned as coming in fact, moreover, patient Thought system is just reacted this combination picture, carries out corresponding thinking and action exports.And due to this thinking and move Be built upon as output on the basis of actual visual is superimposed with illusion, thus from other people, the existing normal portion of behavior of patient Point, namely the reactive moieties to actual visual, including the behavior such as walking, avoiding barrier；Also there is part impervious to reason, namely it is right The reactive moieties of illusion, including talk nonsense, (really in the talk with illusion).

It is more troublesome to be, these illusion and the caused abnormal thinking information because of illusion, (such as the people of an illusion, And the exchanges and dialogues with illusion people), it can equally be treated as normal information and event and be memorized, be occurred next time Related illusion or when expecting related content, these abnormal informations can be activated, (illusion people occurs again, and with right before remembering The exchanges and dialogues of side), it is again introduced into the perception and thinking activities of patient, (exchanges and dialogues again), so as to further strengthen this A little illusion and abnormal information.After so strengthening repeatedly, these illusion and abnormal information gradually account in the thought system of patient Leading position, and the normal perception to patient impacts, patient believes illusion more in believing real perception, then patient Just more live in illusion.Certainly, if extraneous visual information is still able to be transfused to, patient can also typically enter The daily routines such as the conventional walking of row, because projection of the visual information to motor cortex can be without thought system.

What is be analyzed above is the essence for causing the nervous activity of schizophrenia positive symptom abnormal.Cause this abnormal Reason is that modularity nerve nucleus is extremely caused to the modulating action of thought system.Moreover, since this modulating action is abnormal So serious result can be produced, then just also result in the exception of otherwise neuron activity, include the control of attention Making mechanism, emotional system all may be impacted, and trigger other Novel presentations or symptom.And when the exception of modulating action is gone Remove, (including drug therapy), then projection of the thought system to joint visual cortex will normally be suppressed again, and then illusion will not Produce, patient can carry out thinking and activity as normal person.

5. 7. nervous system and health.The internal information processing system of brain namely lower loop control system, control With adjust the various internal organ of body and endocrine activity, therefore also the constitution to body and health cause to directly affect.Human body Physical strength and many non-organic diseases such as three it is high, and the dysfunction of various internal organ non-organics, the also traditional Chinese medical science The yin, yang of described constitution, Sheng, void, heat, cold, etc., substantially it is exactly the work shape of visceral nervous system and internal system The different and abnormal performance of state.By the automatic nervous system of brain is not controlled directly by thought system, so people can not be according to The work of internal organ is adjusted by realizing, medicine can only be relied on.Its traditional Chinese and western medicine is that medicine is directly acted on to abnormal organ, advantage It is that effect is directly obvious, shortcoming is that some diseases are not started with from root, could not often be eradicated.The traditional Chinese medical science is fallen as being desirable to lead to Medicine is crossed to adjust vegetative nerve and internal system, so as to adjust constitution and disease preventing and treating, problem is that it can hardly be explained it In theoretical foundation, medication is also hodgepodge, does not understand fully that various medicines are how what composition is working, and can not form system It is theoretical.

For example same complicated society of human body, a complicated body is formed by cell, tissue, organ, system, it is each Organ and system possess relatively independent work and intermodulated, moreover, mostly by the neuron activity of nervous system come Realize information integration and coordinate to control, form an organic whole, so, nervous system and body it is healthy closely related.It is right In health care of body and preventing and treating to functional disease, the lower loop control system that key should also research and analyse brain is good for body The influencing mechanism of health, including influence the specific information linking of each information control loop of internal organ and endocrine working condition Road, not outer perception input, identification and reflection, the regulation for all including information of these links export this three big link, researched and analysed These links are which partial nerve members, how to realize sensation and identification, how to carry out reflection feedback, how output realizes regulation, Influenceed using what mediator work, work by which biochemical substances, etc., it just can disclose the essence of various diseases and produce Reason, and how to prevent and treat these functional diseases.

The mankind also obtain some by self-consciousness to influence automatic nervous system, so as to for strong in long-term life The method of body benefit body, (the even current user of its certain founder may not know the principle of this method yet).Here it is The qigong of China, the Yoga of India, the buddhist of Buddhism are sat, and also west is deep in thought.The form of these methods is different, can substantially all be It is the same, it is a kind of self suppression behavior of consciousness.The lower ring control loop of people has its natural work rhythm and pace of moving things, in this nature Working condition is best under the rhythm and pace of moving things.Although lower loop will not be by the direct control of thought system, by thinking control loop The influence of work, if thinking control loop oscillatory rhythms are fast and fluctuation is frequent, it can frequently have influence on the work of lower loop The rhythm and pace of moving things, so as to be adversely affected to the working condition of internal organ and internal system.And realize the practitioner of self suppression behavior By the way that consciousness is concentrated on into a certain simple focus for a long time, go depth to suppress the nervous activity of human thinking system, make Obtaining the round granting rhythm and pace of moving things of thinking control loop becomes very slow and uniform, and is in this uniform and low rhythm and pace of moving things for a long time State, therefore and reduce interference and suppression to lower ring control loop so that lower ring control loop can be under the natural rhythm and pace of moving things Work, so that internal organ and internal system can work more preferably, reaches constitutional effect.The depth suppression of this consciousness State processed is similar to deep sleep and is better than normal sleep, because the process of normal sleep can be periodically in each oscillatory regime Between circulate and carry out, its deep sleep time is simultaneously few, including can have a dream, and thought system can be in strenuous activity during daydream, So that the oscillatory rhythms of thinking control loop are very high and big ups and downs, so as to disturb the work of lower ring control loop.And as too Pole, fitness exercise etc. these action easily and regular rhythmic motions, it appears that also play the role of similar.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of multi-channel nerve stimulating apparatus, include the electrode of main frame and connection main frame, electrode include grounding electrode or Reference electrode, and output electrode, main frame includes the pulses generation module for producing stimulation pulse signal, for that will stimulate arteries and veins Signal output is rushed to each output module of output electrode, it is characterised in that：Described output electrode includes more than three groups Output electrode；Main frame also includes output timing control circuit, for controlling the stimulation pulse signal of each output module output, makes The boost pulse relative to reference electrode that each group output electrode is exported has the front and rear sequential relationship being sequentially output；

The sequential relationship of the boost pulse of each group output electrode output is：Previous group output electrode exports a boost pulse Afterwards, after the time delay of setting, later group output electrode just exports a boost pulse；

The time delay Ts of two pulses of its front and rear two groups of output electrodes output, with pulse period T, pulse width T0, three With following relation：0 ＜ Ts ＜ 1/2T-T0；Character express is：The time delay of front and rear two groups of output electrodes output pulse is big In 0, and less than the value of " half of pulse period subtracts a pulse width ".

A kind of 2. multi-channel nerve stimulating apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Main frame also includes the pulse period Circuit is adjusted, the pulse period of former and later two output pulses exported for adjusting same group of output electrode；Main frame also includes There is time delay to adjust circuit, the time delay between former and later two pulses for adjusting front and rear two groups of output electrodes output.

A kind of 3. multi-channel nerve stimulating apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is used to connect each group on main frame Between the output end of the electrode output of output electrode and each output module, added with output control circuit；Electrode output is also Be connected to the input of a voltage detecting circuit, the output end of voltage detecting circuit is connected to voltage comparator circuit, with from The pulse signal of output module is compared；The output end of voltage comparator circuit is connected to the control terminal of output control circuit, leads to Output control circuit is crossed to be controlled pulse output signals.

A kind of 4. multi-channel nerve stimulating apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is used to connect each group on main frame The electrode output of output electrode is connected with voltage detecting circuit, and voltage detecting circuit is used for the background electricity of detecting electrode output end Pressure；The output of voltage detecting circuit is connected with voltage hold circuit, and the background voltage value of voltage detecting circuit output is protected Hold memory；The magnitude of voltage of voltage hold circuit output is connected to a voltage overlaying circuit；The pulse of pulses generation module output Output signal, it is overlapped in voltage overlaying circuit with background voltage, is connected to electrode output.