CN104888349A

CN104888349A - Method and device for carrying out brain activation on dead or brain-dead cerebrum

Info

Publication number: CN104888349A
Application number: CN201510351836.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐志强
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-12-21
Filing date: 2015-06-23
Publication date: 2015-09-09
Anticipated expiration: 2035-06-23
Also published as: CN108379736B; CN104888346A; CN108126274B; CN108042916B; CN108042916A; CN108079435B; CN108126274A; CN108079435A; CN108175939B; CN108273191A; CN108187228B; CN108379736A; CN108126275A; CN104888346B; CN108187228A; CN108096705A; CN104888347A; CN108096705B; CN104888349B; CN108126275B

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for carrying out brain activation on a dead or brain-dead cerebrum in cranial nerve medical science. By applying pulse stimulation of specific signals to nerve cells on specific positions of a cerebrum in a targeted manner, nerve stimulation is carried out on the cerebrum of a recently dead or brain-dead human body, the nerve action of the human body is recovered, and the brain activation is realized.

Description

Brain that is dead or brain death is carried out to method and the device of brain activation

Technical field the present invention relates to Activiation method and the device of the cranial nerve in neuromedicine field.

The said death of background technology the present invention or brain death non-human usual aging is dead, but unexpected death.Human brain is extremely sensitive to blood oxygen, in cardiac arrest, drown, suffocate, under wound causes the situations such as cerebral blood supply interruption, completeness cerebral anoxia can cause brain function to stop completely for two minutes, thus also lose autonomous respiration and heart beating, if cerebral anoxia was more than four, five minutes, even if give cardiac pacing and artificial respiration again, be often also difficult to rescue and come.At this moment have part to be to recover autonomous respiration and heart beating, do not have vital sign completely, namely traditional human body is dead, and have part to be also have heart beating but there is no autonomous respiration, brain is without any reflex activity, and electroencephalogram is isoelectric level, that is to say brain death.Conventionally, even if adopt artificial respirator to carry out Hold up voltage, brain death is also irreversible, also understanding stop jumping is stopped after a certain time, human body is dead, so be medically more and more partial at present brain death also be thought human body is dead, the termination of life.

Dead and the brain death for human body, medically still there is no effective activation means at present, even if having intention and the trial of brain being carried out to electric pulse stimulation, but due to the complexity of human brain, especially at present medically to the process of information and control mechanism, correlation theory is lacked for thinking, consciousness and human brain, so the details such as the characteristics of signals of the position of paired pulses stimulation, applying mode, pulse lack theories integration, so substantially do not have effect.

Summary of the invention the present invention seeks to openly a kind of for carrying out electric pulse stimulation to just brain that is dead or the just human body of brain death, make it recover neururgic brain Activiation method and brain active device.

The present invention is also open to be improved the output signal of brain active device, makes more effectively inducing neural unit provide the scheme of action potential.

Method for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body of the present invention is:

(1), the first output electrode is placed in the position of reticular formation of brain stem LHA, the position of the parabrachial nuclei of LHA (more suitable be); And contact or thrust the neuron at this position; (be more suitably contact or thrust the cholinergic neuron that parabrachial nuclei projects to hypothalamus);

(2), by the second output electrode be placed in hypothalamic position, (being more suitably be placed in hypothalamic LHA or/and the position of hypothalamus tuberomammillary nucleus), contacts or thrusts its neuron; (be more suitably contact or thrust lateral hypothalamic region or/and the neuron that projects to oblongata dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve of hypothalamus tuberomammillary nucleus);

(3), the first ground electrode (or claiming reference electrode, reference electrode) is contacted with human body; (proper contact position is tremulous pulse, cerebrospinal fluid at the bottom of the vertebra of brain, and more suitably position is the brain liquid place around the cerebral tissue at output electrode place);

(4), in the first output electrode and the second output electrode provide (provide and also namely export) electric pulse string relative to ground electrode successively, reticular formation of brain stem LHA and hypothalamic neuron are stimulated successively;

(5), the electric pulse string provided is that interval is provided, and after namely providing pulse train string, stops an interval, and then provides pulse train string;

(6), detect the EEG signals (EEG) of irriate brain simultaneously, if in the interval that pulse is provided, continue spontaneous eeg signal to be detected, or find that human body has autonomous vital movement, (not comprising the activity of artificial respirator and artificial cardiac pacemaker), then stop at the first and second output electrodes and provide electric pulse string.(otherwise continuing to provide electric pulse string at intervals).

Described granting successively, what namely the first output electrode and the second output electrode were provided has context in time relative to the electric pulse of ground electrode.This both can be that the first output electrode provides one relative to after the pulse of ground electrode, and the second output electrode then provides a pulse relative to ground electrode, and then the first output electrode provides a pulse again, by that analogy; Also can be that the first output electrode is provided a string relative to after the pulse of ground electrode, the second output electrode then provides a string pulse relative to ground electrode, and then the first output electrode provides pulse train again, by that analogy.

The electric pulse that first output electrode and the second output electrode are provided, generated by electronic circuit, its pulse frequency is 0.5-3 hertz, i.e. the neururgic rhythm and pace of moving things scope of visceral nervous system.Its pulse width is 0.5-50 milliseconds, more it is suitable that 2-10 milliseconds, (being approximately the pulse width of action potential); The output time of its every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, and the interval between its two series impulses string is 2-5 seconds, (interval exports for use in detection eeg signal or observing response); The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, regulates between 20-1000 millivolts, (enter neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode and different).Its waveform can be square wave, sawtooth waveforms, or the waveform of the action potential of simulation relay cell.

Alternatively, described electric pulse string, the interval between its two series impulses string is 2-5 seconds, the signal waveform of its every pulse train string, by reading the impulse waveform data be stored in inside bin, then be generated as impulse waveform by digital-to-analogue conversion and filtering.And the impulse waveform data inside bin, be the LHA of the reticular formation of brain stem by microelectrode being placed in the normal people of vital signs or other primates neuron on, (on the cholinergic neuron that especially LHA parabrachial nuclei projects to hypothalamus), obtain its pulsed discharge signal, process is amplified and analog digital conversion is data signal, be stored in again inside bin, as the impulse waveform data of output signal.The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, enters neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode different and regulate between 20-1000 millivolts.The pulse signal of the corresponding nerve nucleus action potential granting of this technical scheme detection record normal person, and with this playback again, as the output signal of output electrode, so more accurately with more suitable.

The electric pulse relative to ground electrode that described first and second output electrodes export, not the first output electrode and the second output electrode export positive and negative alternating impulse each other, but the first output electrode all the same with the pulse that the second output electrode exports be with the level of ground electrode be reference level positive pulse or negative pulse.For export electric impulse signal, when output electrode be adopt thrust neuronic mode apply impulse stimulation time, described electric pulse is positive level signal relative to ground electrode; When output electrode is that when adopting the neuronic mode of contact to apply impulse stimulation, described electric pulse is negative level signal relative to ground electrode.

Activate at enforcement brain, when the neural oscillating loop be made up of " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus " of visceral nervous system is stimulated, can also stimulate the neural neural oscillating loop be made up of " reticular formation of brain stem medial area ← → thalamus " of thinking simultaneously, be conducive to two loops are interacted, recover normal neural activity faster, and make brain return to waking state.

So the Activiation method of the brain to dead or brain death of the present invention, also comprises:

(7), the 3rd output electrode is placed in the position of reticular formation of brain stem medial area, the position of formatio reticularis mesencephali (more suitable be); And contact or thrust the neuron at this position; (be more suitably contact or thrust the cholinergic neuron that formatio reticularis mesencephali projects to intralaminar nuclei);

(8), the 4th output electrode is placed in the position of thalamus, (being more suitably be placed in the intralaminar nuclei of thalamus or the position of reticular nucleus), contacts or thrusts its neuron; (be more suitably contact or thrust the neuron of intralaminar nuclei to cortical projection, or, contact or thrust the neuron that thalamic reticular nucleus projects to formatio reticularis mesencephali);

(9), in the 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode provide (provide and also namely export) electric pulse string relative to ground electrode successively, the neuron of reticular formation of brain stem medial area and thalamus is stimulated successively;

(10), the electric pulse string provided is that interval is provided, and after namely providing pulse train string, stops an interval, and then provides pulse train string.

Same, described granting successively, what namely the 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode were provided has context in time relative to the electric pulse of ground electrode.This both can be that the 3rd output electrode provides one relative to after the pulse of ground electrode, and the 4th output electrode then provides a pulse relative to ground electrode, and then the 3rd output electrode provides a pulse again, by that analogy; Also can be that the 3rd output electrode is provided a string relative to after the pulse of ground electrode, the 4th output electrode then provides a string pulse relative to ground electrode, and then the 3rd output electrode provides pulse train again, by that analogy.

The electric pulse that 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode are provided, generated by electronic circuit, its pulse frequency is 8-40 hertz, and namely thought system is in the brain wave frequency scope of tranquility (8-14 hertz) or nervous thinking mistake area (15-40 hertz).Its pulse width is 0.5-50 milliseconds, more it is suitable that 2-10 milliseconds, (being about as much as the pulse width of action potential); The output time of its every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, and the interval between its two series impulses string is 2-5 seconds, (interval exports for use in detection eeg signal or observing response); The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, regulates between 20-1000 millivolts, (enter neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode and different).Its waveform can be square wave, sawtooth waveforms, or the waveform of the action potential of simulation relay cell.

Alternatively, the electric pulse that 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode are provided, the output time of its every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, interval between two series impulse strings is 2-5 seconds, the signal waveform of its every pulse train string, by reading the impulse waveform data be stored in inside bin, then be generated as impulse waveform by digital-to-analogue conversion and filtering.And the impulse waveform data inside bin, be the medial area of the reticular formation of brain stem by microelectrode being placed in the normal people of vital signs or other primates neuron on, (on the cholinergic neuron that especially formatio reticularis mesencephali projects to intralaminar nuclei), obtain its pulsed discharge signal, process is amplified and analog digital conversion is data signal, be stored in again inside bin, as the impulse waveform data of output signal.The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, enters neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode different and regulate between 20-1000 millivolts.The pulse signal of the corresponding nerve nucleus action potential granting of this technical scheme detection record normal person, and with this playback again, as the output signal of output electrode, so more accurately with more suitable.

If dead or brain death is due to contingency, such as outer wound, drowned, the reason such as to suffocate makes the complete hypoxic-ischemic of brain cause, and hypoxic-ischemic time be not very long, (especially within tens minutes), neurocyte not yet loses physiologically active, then by method of the present invention, electricity irritation is carried out to brain centres nerve, (and synchronously carry out cardiac pacing and respirator Hold up voltage, or adopt mechanical pump to carry out interim blood supply oxygen supply), just can bring out its neuron and produce rhythmic action potential granting, and finally make neuron reactivate, make nervus centralis produce autonomous rhythmic action potential and come and go granting, realize reactivating of brain.Certainly, if cerebrum ischemia anoxia exceedes certain hour, neurocyte loses transmembrane potential, loses the effect of ionic pump, and the ion concentration lost inside and outside film is poor, then brain stimulation is just inoperative.

It should be noted that, for the consideration of Operative risk and legal perspective, tradition should be carried out to patient to rescue as far as possible, in confirmation tradition, all rescue measures proved ineffectual, confirm patient's heart beating stopping, autonomous respiration stopping and brain death, also namely confirm that patient has been in the dead state on legal sense and medical significance, after belonging to a corpse, then adopts brain Activiation method of the present invention to rescue.

Device for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body of the present invention, comprises main frame, ground electrode (or claiming reference electrode) and output electrode, it is characterized in that: output electrode includes the first output electrode and the second output electrode; Main frame includes the first output module, the second output module, the first pulses generation module and the first output control module; First pulses generation module for generation of the pulse signal stimulated nervus centralis, and sends to the first output module and the second output module; The output of the first output module is connected to the first output electrode by electrode output, the output of the second output module is connected to the second output electrode by electrode output, (pulse signal that the first output module and the second output module are used for exporting carries out isolation buffer and amplitude adjusted); First output control module is for controlling the work of the first output module and the second output module, and what the first output electrode and the second output electrode were exported has relative to the pulse signal of ground electrode the relation successively exported successively.Main frame also can include the first pulse frequency adjustment module, the frequency of the pulse signal exported for regulating the first pulses generation module.

During work, the first output electrode is placed in the position of reticular formation of brain stem LHA, (more suitable is the parabrachial nuclei of LHA, comprises the position of medial parabrachial necleus and outside parabrachial nuclei); And contact or thrust the neuron at this position; (be more suitably contact or thrust the neuron that parabrachial nuclei projects to hypothalamus); Second output electrode is placed in hypothalamic position, and (being more suitably be placed in hypothalamic LHA or/and the position of hypothalamus tuberomammillary nucleus), contacts or thrust its neuron; (be more suitably contact or thrust lateral hypothalamic region or/and the neuron that projects to oblongata dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve of hypothalamus tuberomammillary nucleus); Ground electrode (or claiming reference electrode) contacts with human body; (proper contact position is tremulous pulse, cerebrospinal fluid at the bottom of the vertebra of brain, and more suitably position is the brain liquid place around the cerebral tissue at output electrode place).First pulses generation module of main frame produces pulse signal, under the control of the first output control module, at intervals by the first output module and the second output module, first output electrode and the second output electrode are provided (provide and also namely export) electric pulse string relative to ground electrode successively, reticular formation of brain stem LHA and hypothalamic neuron are stimulated successively.The brain wave detecting irriate brain interval exported, if lasting spontaneous EEG signals (EEG brain wave) detected, then stops providing electric pulse string.

Described electric pulse string, is generated by electronic circuit, and its pulse frequency is 0.5-3 hertz, i.e. the neururgic rhythm and pace of moving things scope of visceral nervous system.Its pulse width is 0.5-50 milliseconds, more it is suitable that 2-10 milliseconds, (being approximately the pulse width of action potential); The output time of its every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, and the interval between its two series impulses string is 2-5 seconds, (interval exports for use in detection eeg signal or observing response); The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse regulates between 20-1000 millivolts, enters neuronic state and different according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode.Its waveform can be square wave, sawtooth waveforms, or the waveform of simulation relay cell action potential.

Alternatively, described electric pulse string, the output time of every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, interval between two series impulse strings is 2-5 seconds, the signal waveform of every pulse train string, by reading the impulse waveform data be stored in inside bin, then be generated as impulse waveform by digital-to-analogue conversion and filtering.And the impulse waveform data inside bin, be the LHA of the reticular formation of brain stem by microelectrode being placed in the normal people of vital signs or other primates neuron on, (on the cholinergic neuron that especially LHA parabrachial nuclei projects to hypothalamus), obtain its pulsed discharge signal, process is amplified and analog digital conversion is data signal, be stored in again inside bin, as the impulse waveform data of output signal.The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, enters neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode different and regulate between 20-1000 millivolts.The pulse signal of the corresponding nerve nucleus action potential granting of this technical scheme detection record normal person, and with this playback again, as the output signal of output electrode, so more accurately with more suitable.

Same, activate at enforcement brain, when the neural oscillating loop be made up of " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus " of visceral nervous system is stimulated, can stimulate the neural neural oscillating loop be made up of " reticular formation of brain stem medial area ← → thalamus " of thinking simultaneously, be conducive to two loops are interacted, recover normal neural activity faster, and make brain return to waking state.

So the output electrode of brain active device of the present invention also includes the 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode; Main frame includes the 3rd output module, the 4th output module, the second pulses generation module and the second output control module; Second pulses generation module for generation of the pulse signal stimulated nervus centralis, and sends to the 3rd output module and the 4th output module; The output of the 3rd output module is connected to the 3rd output electrode by electrode output, the output of the 4th output module is connected to the 4th output electrode by electrode output, (pulse signal that the 3rd output module and the 4th output module can be used for exporting carries out isolation buffer and amplitude adjusted); Second output control module is for controlling the work of the 3rd output module and the 4th output module, and what the 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode were exported has relative to the pulse signal of ground electrode the relation successively exported successively.Main frame also can include the second pulse frequency adjustment module, the frequency of the pulse signal exported for regulating the second pulses generation module.

During work, the 3rd output electrode is placed in the position of reticular formation of brain stem medial area, the position of formatio reticularis mesencephali (more suitable be); And contact or thrust the neuron at this position; (be more suitably contact or thrust the neuron that formatio reticularis mesencephali projects to intralaminar nuclei); 4th output electrode is placed in the position of thalamus, and (being more suitably be placed in the intralaminar nuclei of thalamus or the position of reticular nucleus), contacts or thrust its neuron; (be more suitably contact or thrust the neuron of intralaminar nuclei to cortical projection, or the neuron that projects to formatio reticularis mesencephali of thalamic reticular nucleus); Ground electrode (or claiming reference electrode) contacts with human body; (proper contact position is tremulous pulse, cerebrospinal fluid at the bottom of the vertebra of brain, more suitably position is the brain liquid place around the cerebral tissue at output electrode place), namely the ground electrode matched with first, second output electrode before ground electrode also can share, also share a ground electrode.Second pulses generation module of main frame produces another pulse signal, under the control of the second output control module, at intervals by the 3rd output module and the 4th output module, 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode are provided (provide and also namely export) electric pulse string relative to ground electrode successively, the neuron of reticular formation of brain stem medial area and thalamus is stimulated successively.The brain wave detecting irriate brain interval exported, if detect that the lasting spontaneous rhythm and pace of moving things is greater than the eeg signal (EEG brain wave) of 8 hertz, then stops the electric pulse granting of the 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode.

Describedly provide successively, the electric pulse that namely the 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode are provided has context in time.This both can be that the 3rd output electrode provides one relative to after the pulse of ground electrode, and the 4th output electrode then provides a pulse relative to ground electrode, and then the 3rd output electrode provides a pulse again, by that analogy; Also can be that the 3rd output electrode is provided a string relative to after the pulse of ground electrode, the 4th output electrode then provides a string pulse relative to ground electrode, and then the 4th output electrode provides pulse train again, by that analogy.

The electric pulse string that described second pulses generation module produces, generated by electronic circuit, its pulse frequency is 8-40 hertz, and namely thought system is in the brain wave frequency scope of tranquility (8-14 hertz) or nervous thinking mistake area (15-40 hertz).Its pulse width is 0.5-50 milliseconds, more it is suitable that 2-10 milliseconds, (being about as much as the pulse width of action potential); The output time of its every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, and the interval between its two series impulses string is 2-5 seconds, (interval exports for use in detection eeg signal or observing response); The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, enters neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode and different, regulates between 20-1000 millivolts.Its waveform can be square wave, sawtooth waveforms, or the waveform of the action potential of simulation relay cell.

Alternatively, the electric pulse string that described second pulses generation module produces, the output time of its every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, interval between two series impulse strings is 2-5 seconds, the signal waveform of its every pulse train string, by reading the impulse waveform data be stored in inside bin, then be generated as impulse waveform by digital-to-analogue conversion and filtering.And the impulse waveform data inside bin, be the medial area of the reticular formation of brain stem by microelectrode being placed in the normal people of vital signs or other primates neuron on, obtain its pulsed discharge signal, process is amplified and analog digital conversion is data signal, be stored in again inside bin, as the impulse waveform data of output signal.The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, enters neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode different and regulate between 20-1000 millivolts.The pulse signal of the corresponding nerve nucleus action potential granting of this technical scheme detection record normal person, and with this playback again, as the output signal of output electrode, so more accurately with more suitable.

In the stimulating method stated on the invention and device, its output characteristics of carrying out the electric pulse string of neural stimulation is very important.Applicant is carefully according to the specific works principle of neuron snapping motion current potential, three kinds of schemes be optimized the output signal of output electrode are disclosed, make output pulse signal can inducing neural unit snapping motion current potential more accurately, and this action potential can continue to provide, and the axoneuron being more conducive to irriate forms continuable pulse granting.

Of the present invention the first export prioritization scheme, comprising: described pulses generation module, with positive pulse outfan and negative pulse outfan, can export respectively relative to ground electrode is two kinds of pulse output signals of positive potential and nagative potential; (this can be produced by positive-negative power, is common electronic technology); Positive pulse outfan and negative pulse outfan are switched by change-over switch, and the output of change-over switch is re-used as the outfan of pulses generation module, are connected to each output module.Change-over switch can be mechanical switch or electrical switch.If be adopt the mode opening cranium when implementing brain stimulation, and adopt the patch-clamp or nerve microelectrode that are exclusively used in cranial nerve stimulation, output electrode can be thrust in the neuron membrane that will stimulate, then change-over switch can be switched to positive pulse outfan, make electrode output be connected to positive pulse outfan, at this moment output electrode is the pulse signal exporting positive potential.This mode is the ways customary that current laboratory carries out neuronal activation, can Induced by Stimulation neuron snapping motion current potential reliably, but microelectrode accurately will be thrust in target nerve unit film, obviously needs to carry out operation of opening cranium, extremely bothers.So, if change-over switch of the present invention is switched on negative pulse outfan, electrode output is made to be connected to negative pulse outfan, what at this moment output electrode exported is the pulse signal of nagative potential, can directly put on outside neuronic film, by dragging down film volta potential, relatively reduce film resting potential, and EAP.At this moment common electrode can be adopted, and on brainpan, open aperture or open aperture by nasal cavity or larynx deutomala, then under the cooperation of neuroendoscopy is assisted, output electrode inserted and be placed on the required target location stimulated, only need make outside the film of output electrode contact or close neurocyte, and without the need to accurately thrusting neuron, so more convenient to operate.

The second of the present invention exports prioritization scheme, for connecting the electrode output of each output electrode on main frame, and between the outfan of each output module (comprising the first output module, the second output module and the 3rd output module), be added with output control circuit, (more suitably, a resistor R also can be serially connected with, for cushioning and produce certain voltage difference) between the outfan and output control circuit of output module; Electrode output is also connected to the input of a voltage detecting circuit, and the outfan of voltage detecting circuit is connected to a voltage comparator circuit, compares with the output pulse signal from output module; The outfan of voltage comparator circuit is connected to the control end of output control circuit, is controlled by output control circuit paired pulses output signal.When the voltage signal of the electrode output that voltage detecting circuit detects, and the difference between the voltage signal that output module exports is greater than when setting numerical value, then close output control circuit, the output signal of output module to electrode output is closed, until next pulse period just reopens in the time of this pulse period remainder.Each output electrode that each output module connects to it, its control circuit is the same.

According to such output control program, during work, in each output pulse period of each output module, first output control circuit is opened, pulse output signals puts on neuron by electrode output and output electrode, voltage signal simultaneously on voltage detecting circuit detecting electrode outfan (being equivalent to output electrode), and compare with the pulse output signals of output module.When the pulse signal of output electrode acquires a certain degree to neuronic stimulation, neuron snapping motion current potential, produce ion overshot phenomenon, the current potential inside and outside film is caused to occur sharply changing, electrode output is delivered to by output electrode, cause the voltage on electrode output to occur larger fluctuation, and be that the pulse output signals exported with output module significantly changes asynchronous.This voltage pulsation is detected by voltage detecting circuit, and compared by voltage comparator circuit and pulse output signals, be identified as neuron snapping motion current potential, so the output of voltage comparator circuit closes output control circuit, the output of output module to electrode output is closed, until the next pulse cycle just reopens in the time of this pulse period remainder.Can make neuron after the outburst of action potential each time, no longer be subject to the stimulation of external pulse like this, film polarized state can be recovered, to prepare to carry out integration and snapping motion current potential again to stimulating next time, form the sustainable action potential granting carried out.This technical scheme, more meet the working mechanism of axoneure, can either inducing neural unit snapping motion current potential, inactivation can not be suppressed to cause neuron or sustain damage by overstimulation neuron again, EAP can be continued, form continuous print pulse to provide, and make neuronic ion motion and physiological function recover normal gradually.

Of the present invention the third exports prioritization scheme, electrode output for connecting each output electrode on main frame is connected with a voltage detecting circuit, (can share with the voltage detecting circuit of other technologies above), voltage detecting circuit is used for the background voltage of detecting electrode outfan, so also can be described as background voltage testing circuit, the output of voltage detecting circuit is connected with a voltage hold circuit, maintenance memory is carried out to the background voltage value that voltage detecting circuit exports, (be equivalent to voltage memory circuit, if circuit adopts analog circuit, electric capacity then can be adopted to coordinate discharge circuit to form, if circuit is digital circuit, then can directly remember its magnitude of voltage), the magnitude of voltage that voltage hold circuit exports is connected to a voltage overlaying circuit, the pulse output signals that each output module exports, superpose with background voltage in voltage overlaying circuit, be connected to electrode output.Voltage hold circuit, the work of voltage overlaying circuit and each output module, be subject to the control of a state switching circuit, (also can being controlled by the control circuit that main frame is total), specific works process is: carrying out cranial nerve stimulation at every turn, after ground electrode and output electrode are placed in target area, or when readjusting the position of output electrode and ground electrode in work, circuit working is switched in " detection " state by state switching circuit, close the output of output module, first by the voltage on voltage detecting circuit detecting electrode outfan, (the potential difference of this voltage also namely between current output electrode and ground electrode, also be background voltage, may be just also may be negative), its output voltage values is undertaken keeping (also namely remembering) by voltage hold circuit, and deliver on voltage overlaying circuit, afterwards, by state switching circuit, circuit working is switched to " output " state, close the input of voltage hold circuit, (magnitude of voltage of input before making the maintenance of its output voltage), open the work of output module, the pulse signal that output module exports, superposes with background voltage, is connected to electrode output in voltage overlaying circuit.Like this, the pulse signal that output electrode exports, just offsets the potential difference between two electrodes, can eliminate the impact of background voltage pulse signals stimulating effect.

The present invention according to the working mechanism of brain and control loop, according to the essence of brain death, with a definite target in view for the neuron of brain ad-hoc location, apply the impulse stimulation of signal specific, nerve stimulation can be carried out to the brain of brain death, make it recover neural activity, realize brain and activate.In addition, applicant wishes by mode this disclosed in patent application document, by the essence of applicant about the thinking of human brain, consciousness and attention, the work of human brain in neuron aspect and control mechanism, and sleep, daydream, sleep-walking and more psychotic results of study are carried out open, be conducive to society to study further this, and research and develop more medical applications technology with this.

Description of drawings 1 is the Nervons projection schematic diagram of two oscillating loops up and down between reticular formation of brain stem and thalamus and hypothalamus.Fig. 2 is the structural representation of brain active device of the present invention.Fig. 3 is that the first carries out the operation principle block diagram of more conservative control to output pulse signal.Fig. 4 is that the second carries out the operation principle block diagram of more conservative control to output pulse signal.Fig. 5 is that the third carries out the operation principle block diagram of more conservative control to output pulse signal.

Fig. 6 is Biont information process scantling plan.Fig. 7 is information processing system schematic diagram inside and outside organism.Fig. 8 is sensory information processing system schematic diagram inside and outside human brain.Fig. 9 is the relay cell syndeton schematic diagram of thinking passage.Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the first neuron projections mode of " thinking → consciousness ".Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the second neuron projections mode of " thinking → consciousness ".Figure 12 is the signal projective structure schematic diagram of human brain visual channel.Figure 13 is the signal projective structure schematic diagram of human brain auditory channel.Figure 14 is the operation principle schematic diagram of the oscillating loop of thought system.Figure 15 is the neuron projections schematic diagram of thought system oscillating loop.Figure 16 is the signal projective structure schematic diagram of thought system oscillating loop.Figure 17 is the signal projection schematic diagram of " Hippocampus " average information process loop.Figure 18 is the signal projection schematic diagram of kinetic system control loop.Figure 19 is the signal projection schematic diagram of visceral nervous system.Figure 20 is the signal projection schematic diagram of emotional system.Figure 21 is the signal projection schematic diagram of the cholinergic nerve of septal area and basal forebrain.

Be to principle of the present invention and describing of specifically implementing below detailed description of the invention.

First, brain out-of-work essence when needing to know human body death or brain death.According to research, (referring to present specification subsidiary research data below), the neural activity of brain comes and goes primarily of the neuron of the most crucial neural circuitry of several bottom and provides action potential pulse, form neural oscillatory activity and produce pumping signal with this and produce various neural activity to drive the neuron in other regions, comprise: the oscillating loop be made up of " reticular formation of brain stem medial area ← → thalamus ", for excitation and the neural neural activity of driving thinking; The oscillating loop be made up of " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus ", for encouraging and drive the neural activity of visceral nervous system; The oscillating loop be made up of " the tegmentum network structure ← → end thalamus of reticular formation of brain stem ", for excitation and the neural neural activity of actuation movement; The oscillating loop be made up of " LHA of reticular formation of brain stem or center district ← → epithalamus ", for excitation and the neural neural activity of driving endocrine.When these neural oscillating loops stop oscillation activity, owing to losing excitation pulse signal, then the neuron in other regions of brain also all stops neural activity, so there is brain death, and the internal organs by nervus centralis modulation and driving are quit work, comprise and stop heart beating and respiratory activity.

And brain that is dead with human body or brain death activates directly related, the oscillating loop of the control visceral nervous system be mainly made up of " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus ", and the neural oscillating loop of control thinking be made up of " reticular formation of brain stem medial area ← → thalamus ".See the Nervons projection schematic diagram of two oscillating loops up and down between the reticular formation of brain stem of Fig. 1 and thalamus and hypothalamus.The neural oscillating loop that wherein " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus " is formed forms the pumping signal of visceral nervous system, modulate and control the activity of internal organs, specifically (mainly comprise the inner side core of parabrachial nuclei by reticular formation of brain stem LHA, nucleus lateralis) cholinergic nerve (especially comprise lateral hypothalamic region to hypothalamus, back zone, paraventricular nucleus etc.) provide driving pulse and form the oscillatory activity coming and going and provide, applicant calls " lower ring oscillation loop " it or is called for short " lower loop ", form excitation by hypothalamus other neural activities to visceral nervous system again and control.When the neuron of " lower ring oscillation loop " stops oscillation activity, visceral nervous system being made to stop action because can not get excitation at the rudimentary reflex loop of spinal cord aspect, causing internal organs to be stopped action, to breathe and heart beating stops, human body death.And the oscillating loop be made up of " reticular formation of brain stem medial area ← → thalamus " forms the neural pumping signal of thinking, modulate and control the neural neural activity of thinking, and form the control mechanism of thinking, consciousness and " attention ".Specifically mutually provides driving pulse to be formed the round oscillatory activity provided by the cholinergic nerve of reticular formation of brain stem medial area (mainly formatio reticularis mesencephali) and thalamus (intralaminar nuclei and reticular nucleus), applicant calls " pressed on ring oscillating loop " it or is called for short " upper loop ", then forms excitation and control by thalamus (intralaminar nuclei) to thinking other neuron activities neural.When the neuron of " pressed on ring oscillating loop " stops oscillation activity or oscillatory rhythms too low (lower than 3 hertz), the neural neuron of the thinking of cortex then can be made to can not get enough pumping signals and stop action, lose thinking and consciousness, penetration depth comatose state.

So, brain activation to be carried out to the brain just entering death or brain death state, first the most directly related, " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus " oscillating loop of forming exactly.The present invention adopts the electric impulse signal be close with neural activity, to the combined stimulation that the related Neurons at two positions of this oscillating loop comes and goes successively, activate this neural oscillating loop, make it recover action potential and come and go granting, recover the cerebration that this life is the most basic, and recover the pumping signal of visceral nervous system, recover the excitation to internal organs activity, thus recover the visceral motility such as heart beating and autonomous respiration.Certainly, before carrying out brain activation, first must eliminate the cause of disease, such as repair wound, recovery or implement interim brain blood supply oxygen supply etc.

Brain Activiation method for carrying out brain impulse stimulation to the brain of brain death of the present invention is:

(1), the first output electrode is placed in the position of reticular formation of brain stem LHA, the position of LHA parabrachial nuclei (more suitable be); And contact or thrust the neuron at this position; (be more suitably contact or thrust the neuron that parabrachial nuclei projects to hypothalamus);

Described electric pulse string, is generated by electronic circuit, and its pulse frequency is 0.5-3 hertz, i.e. the neururgic rhythm and pace of moving things scope of visceral nervous system.Its pulse width is 0.5-50 milliseconds, more it is suitable that 2-10 milliseconds, (being approximately the pulse width of action potential); The output time of every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, and the interval between two series impulse strings is 2-5 seconds, (interval exports for use in detection eeg signal or observing response); The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, enters neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode and different, regulates between 20-1000 millivolts.Its waveform can be square wave, sawtooth waveforms, or the waveform of the action potential of simulation relay cell.

Alternatively, described electric pulse string, the output time of every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, interval between two series impulse strings is 2-5 seconds, the signal waveform of its every pulse train string, by reading the impulse waveform data be stored in inside bin, then be generated as impulse waveform by digital-to-analogue conversion and filtering.And the impulse waveform data inside bin, be the LHA of the reticular formation of brain stem by microelectrode being placed in the normal people of vital signs or other primates neuron on, obtain its pulsed discharge signal, process is amplified and analog digital conversion is data signal, be stored in again inside bin, as the impulse waveform data of output signal.The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, enters neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode and different, regulates between 20-1000 millivolts.The pulse signal of the corresponding nerve nucleus action potential granting of this scheme detection record normal person, and with this playback again, as the output signal of output electrode, so more accurately with more suitable.

The electric pulse relative to ground electrode that described first and second output electrodes export, not the first output electrode is relative each other with the second output electrode exports positive and negative alternating impulse, but its pulse exported is all equally with the level of ground electrode be reference level positive pulse or negative pulse.For the electric impulse signal exported, when output electrode is that when adopting the mode of thrusting to apply impulse stimulation to neuron, described electric pulse is positive level signal relative to ground electrode; When output electrode is that when adopting the mode of contact to apply impulse stimulation to neuron, described electric pulse is negative level signal relative to ground electrode.

If but be only the impulse hunting recovering " lower ring oscillation loop ", human body just recovers the work of visceral nervous system, if " pressed on ring oscillating loop " that at this moment excitation and control thinking neural " reticular formation of brain stem medial area ← → thalamus " are formed normally does not work, then brain is still in degree of depth comatose state, also be plant man, this is not obviously desired by us, so also need the conscious state recovering brain simultaneously.And, according to analysis, phase inter-modulation is there is in the neuron activity of upper and lower two oscillating loops between reticular formation of brain stem medial area with reticular formation of brain stem LHA, so, carry out in the process of electric pulse stimulation at the lower ring oscillation loop formed " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus ", the neuron that " reticular formation of brain stem medial area ← → thalamus " forms pressed on ring oscillating loop is stimulated simultaneously, be conducive to two loops are intermodulated, recover normal work faster, and make brain recover waking state.

(7), the 3rd output electrode is placed in the position of reticular formation of brain stem medial area, the position of formatio reticularis mesencephali (more suitable be); And contact or thrust the neuron at this position; (be more suitably contact or thrust the neuron that formatio reticularis mesencephali projects to thalamus);

(10), the electric pulse string provided is that interval is provided, and after namely providing pulse train string, stops an interval, and then provides pulse train string;

Described electric pulse string, is generated by electronic circuit, and its pulse frequency is 8-40 hertz, and namely thought system is in the brain wave frequency scope of tranquility (8-14 hertz) or nervous thinking mistake area (15-40 hertz).Its pulse width is 0.5-50 milliseconds, more it is suitable that 2-10 milliseconds, (being about as much as the pulse width of action potential); The output time of its every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, and the interval between its two series impulses string is 2-5 seconds, (interval exports for use in detection eeg signal or observing response); The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, regulates between 20-1000 millivolts, enters neuronic state and different according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode.Its waveform can be square wave, sawtooth waveforms, or the waveform of the action potential of simulation relay cell.

The electric pulse relative to ground electrode that described third and fourth output electrode exports, not the 3rd output electrode is relative each other with the 4th output electrode exports positive and negative alternating impulse, but its pulse exported is all equally with the level of ground electrode be reference level positive pulse or negative pulse.For the electric impulse signal exported, when output electrode is that when adopting the mode of thrusting to apply impulse stimulation to neuron, described electric pulse is positive level signal relative to ground electrode; When output electrode is that when adopting the mode of contact to apply impulse stimulation to neuron, described electric pulse is negative level signal relative to ground electrode.

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of brain active device of the present invention.Device for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body of the present invention, comprises main frame, ground electrode (or claiming reference electrode) and output electrode, it is characterized in that: output electrode includes the first output electrode and the second output electrode; Main frame includes the first output module, the second output module, the first pulses generation module and the first output control module; First pulses generation module for generation of the pulse signal stimulated nervus centralis, and sends to the first output module and the second output module; The output of the first output module is connected to the first output electrode by electrode output, the output of the second output module is connected to the second output electrode by electrode output, (pulse signal that the first output module and the second output module can be used for exporting carries out isolation buffer and amplitude adjusted); First output control module is for controlling the work of the first output module and the second output module, and what the first output electrode and the second output electrode were exported has relative to the pulse signal of ground electrode the relation successively exported successively.Main frame also can include the first pulse frequency adjustment module, the frequency of the pulse signal exported for regulating the first pulses generation module.

During work, the first output electrode is placed in the position of reticular formation of brain stem LHA, the position of the parabrachial nuclei of LHA (more suitable be); And contact or thrust the neuron at this position; (be more suitably contact or thrust the neuron that parabrachial nuclei projects to hypothalamus); Second output electrode is placed in hypothalamic position, and (being more suitably be placed in hypothalamic LHA or/and the position of hypothalamus tuberomammillary nucleus), contacts or thrust its neuron; (be more suitably contact or thrust lateral hypothalamic region or/and the neuron that projects to oblongata dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve of hypothalamus tuberomammillary nucleus); Ground electrode (or claiming reference electrode) contacts with human body; (proper contact position is tremulous pulse, cerebrospinal fluid at the bottom of the vertebra of brain, and more suitably position is the brain liquid place around the cerebral tissue at output electrode place).First pulses generation module of main frame produces pulse signal, under the control of the first output control module, at intervals by the first output module and the second output module, first output electrode and the second output electrode are provided (provide and also namely export) electric pulse string relative to ground electrode successively, reticular formation of brain stem LHA and hypothalamic neuron are stimulated successively.The brain wave detecting irriate brain interval exported, if lasting spontaneous EEG signals (EEG brain wave) detected, then stops providing electric pulse string.

Described electric pulse string, is generated by electronic circuit, and its pulse frequency is 0.5-3 hertz, i.e. the neururgic rhythm and pace of moving things scope of visceral nervous system.Its pulse width is 0.5-50 milliseconds, more it is suitable that 2-10 milliseconds, (being approximately the pulse width of action potential); The output time of every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, and the interval between two series impulse strings is 2-5 seconds, (interval exports for use in detection eeg signal or observing response); The voltage amplitude of peak value of pulse, enters neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode and different, can regulate between 20-1000 millivolts.Its waveform can be square wave, sawtooth waveforms, or the waveform of the action potential of simulation relay cell.

Alternatively, described electric pulse string, the output time of every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, interval between two series impulse strings is 2-5 seconds, the signal waveform of every pulse train string, by reading the impulse waveform data be stored in inside bin, then be generated as impulse waveform by digital-to-analogue conversion and filtering.And the impulse waveform data inside bin, be the LHA of the reticular formation of brain stem by microelectrode being placed in the normal people of vital signs or other primates neuron on, obtain its pulsed discharge signal, process is amplified and analog digital conversion is data signal, be stored in again inside bin, as the impulse waveform data of output signal.The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, enters neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode different, regulates between 20-1000 millivolts.The pulse signal of the corresponding nerve nucleus action potential granting of this scheme detection record normal person, and with this playback again, as the output signal of output electrode, so more accurately with more suitable.

Same, activate at enforcement brain, when the neural oscillating loop (lower loop) be made up of " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus " of visceral nervous system is stimulated, can stimulate the neural neural oscillating loop (upper loop) be made up of " reticular formation of brain stem medial area ← → thalamus " of thinking simultaneously, be conducive to two loops are intermodulated, recover normal neural activity faster, and make brain return to waking state.So the output electrode of brain active device of the present invention also includes the 3rd output electrode, the 4th output electrode; With the second ground electrode; (the first ground electrode that the second ground electrode matches with first, second output electrode before can sharing, also namely only a ground electrode is needed), main frame includes the 3rd output module, the 4th output module, the second pulses generation module and the second output control module; Second pulses generation module for generation of the pulse signal stimulated nervus centralis, and sends to the 3rd output module and the 4th output module; The output of the 3rd output module is connected to the 3rd output electrode by electrode output, the output of the 4th output module is connected to the 4th output electrode by electrode output, (pulse signal that the 3rd output module and the 4th output module can be used for exporting carries out isolation buffer and amplitude adjusted); Second output control module is for controlling the work of the 3rd output module and the 4th output module, and what the 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode were exported has relative to the pulse signal of ground electrode the relation successively exported successively.Main frame also can include the second pulse frequency adjustment module, the frequency of the pulse signal exported for regulating the second pulses generation module.

During work, the 3rd output electrode is placed in the position of reticular formation of brain stem medial area, the position of formatio reticularis mesencephali (more suitable be); And contact or thrust the neuron at this position; (be more suitably contact or thrust the neuron that formatio reticularis mesencephali projects to intralaminar nuclei); 4th output electrode is placed in the position of thalamus, and (being more suitably be placed in the intralaminar nuclei of thalamus or the position of reticular nucleus), contacts or thrust its neuron; (be more suitably contact or thrust the neuron of intralaminar nuclei to cortical projection, or the neuron that projects to formatio reticularis mesencephali of thalamic reticular nucleus); Ground electrode (or claiming reference electrode) contacts with human body; (proper contact position is tremulous pulse, cerebrospinal fluid at the bottom of the vertebra of brain, and more suitably position is the brain liquid place around the cerebral tissue at output electrode place, and the second ground electrode can share with the first ground electrode).Second pulses generation module of main frame produces pulse signal, under the control of the second output control module, at intervals by the 3rd output module and the 4th output module, 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode are provided (provide and also namely export) electric pulse string relative to ground electrode successively, the neuron of reticular formation of brain stem medial area and thalamus is stimulated successively.The brain wave detecting irriate brain interval exported, if detect that the lasting spontaneous rhythm and pace of moving things is greater than the eeg signal (EEG brain wave) of 8 hertz, then stops the electric pulse granting of the 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode.

Described granting successively, what namely the 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode were provided has context in time relative to the electric pulse of ground electrode.This both can be that the 3rd output electrode provides one relative to after the pulse of ground electrode, and the 4th output electrode then provides a pulse relative to ground electrode, and then the 3rd output electrode provides a pulse again, by that analogy; Also can be that the 3rd output electrode is provided a string relative to after the pulse of ground electrode, the 4th output electrode then provides a string pulse relative to ground electrode, and then the 4th output electrode provides pulse train again, by that analogy.

Described electric pulse string, is generated by electronic circuit, and its pulse frequency is 8-40 hertz, and namely thought system is in the brain wave frequency scope of tranquility (8-14 hertz) or nervous thinking mistake area (15-40 hertz).Its pulse width is 0.5-50 milliseconds, more it is suitable that 2-10 milliseconds, (being about as much as the pulse width of action potential); The output time of its every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, and the interval between its two series impulses string is 2-5 seconds, (interval exports for use in detection eeg signal or observing response); The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, regulates between 20-1000 millivolts, (enter neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode and different).Its waveform can be square wave, sawtooth waveforms, or the waveform of the action potential of simulation relay cell.

Alternatively, described electric pulse string, the output time of every pulse train string is 2-5 seconds, interval between two series impulse strings is 2-5 seconds, the signal waveform of every pulse train string, by reading the impulse waveform data be stored in inside bin, then be generated as impulse waveform by digital-to-analogue conversion and filtering.And the impulse waveform data inside bin, be the medial area of the reticular formation of brain stem by microelectrode being placed in the normal people of vital signs or other primates neuron on, obtain its pulsed discharge signal, process is amplified and analog digital conversion is data signal, be stored in again inside bin, as the impulse waveform data of output signal.The voltage amplitude of its peak value of pulse, enters neuronic state according to the particular location of electrode contact and electrode different, regulates between 20-1000 millivolts.The pulse signal of the corresponding nerve nucleus action potential granting of this technical scheme detection record normal person, and with this playback again, as the output signal of output electrode, so more accurately with more suitable.

The method each output electrode being placed in each target location of brain described in present specification, the technology of existing electrical brain stimulation can be adopted, such as: open cranium and directly electrode to be punctured target nerve unit, or at the pre-buried electrode in brain internal object position, more suitably scheme, be on brainpan, open aperture or open aperture by nasal cavity or larynx deutomala, then under the cooperation of neuroendoscopy is auxiliary, output electrode inserted in brain and to be placed on target location.And the electrode used, can adopt existing for the electricity irritation of cranial nerve and the electrode of electrical signal detection, the microelectrode adopting cranial nerve special when thrusting neuron, or patch-clamp, adopt ordinary electrode when only contact neuron membrane is outer.The electric pulse relative to ground electrode that described each output electrode exports, not each output electrode exports positive and negative alternating impulse each other, but its pulse exported is all equally with the level of ground electrode be reference level positive pulse or negative pulse.When output electrode is that when adopting the mode of thrusting to apply impulse stimulation to neuron, described electric pulse is positive level signal relative to ground electrode; When output electrode is that when adopting the mode of contact to apply impulse stimulation to neuron, described electric pulse is negative level signal relative to ground electrode.

Electrode described in present specification, comprises the first output electrode, the second output electrode, the 3rd output electrode, the 4th output electrode, and ground electrode etc., can be an electrode, also can be one group of (many) electrode, depending on job demand.In general, for nervus centralis, be more suitably adopt many electrodes as same output electrode, impulse stimulation carried out to adjacent multiple neurons of same position simultaneously, be conducive to forming signal integration, produce neural activity.

In nerve stimulation device of the present invention, the output characteristics of its electric pulse string is also very important.The existing technology for carrying out brain stimulation, its output signal adopts often with other human body electric pulse stimulations or treatment technology (the such as electrotherapy technology of various middle low-and high-frequency, acusector technology, Cardiac Pacing) the same, its impulse waveform is that setting exports, namely regulate the positive pulse of certain frequency, waveform, dutycycle and voltage amplitude or positive and negative alternating impulse by pulse generating module, then directly act on target stimulation sites.These electric pulse stimulation technology existing, if for stimulating myocyte or muscular nerve or myocardial cell, as long as have enough pulse widths and voltage amplitude, just can these cells of effective stimulus to produce reaction.But, if be used for stimulating the carrying out of the relay cell of nervus centralis and bringing out the granting of continuous print action potential, that is just different, at this moment be just not only that the requirement stimulation of carrying out enough pulse widths and voltage amplitude to neuron is just passable, inappropriate impulse stimulation not only inducing neural unit can not provide action potential, even also can suppress its physiological activity, obtain contrary result.

According to neurobiology, due to the effect of ion motion, can form stable potential difference inside and outside the film of neurocyte is also resting potential, the resting potential of the relay cell of human brain is approximately-70 to-90mV, also be neuron membrane inner potential 70-90mV lower than film volta potential, form film polarization.Make neuron snapping motion current potential, needing is its depolarization, reduces the potential difference inside and outside film, when depolarization meets or exceeds a certain threshold value, just can open a large amount of voltage dependent ion channels on film, make cation a large amount of in flow and form positive feedback, thus snapping motion current potential.The Time Of Release of action potential generally only has several milliseconds, and afterwards, after action potential granting completes, the time that needs is restored to original polarized state for cation outflow, can upper once stimulate time snapping motion current potential again.

According to the Burst mechanism of action potential, if Induced by Stimulation neuron snapping motion current potential will be carried out by outside electric pulse, two kinds of modes can be had: 1, be electrode is thrust (and can not be connected with outside cell membrane) in neuronic cell membrane, the electricity irritation of positive potential is applied in film, when the rising value of the film inner potential that this stimulation produces is greater than activation threshold value, just membrane depolarization can be made and snapping motion current potential.2, be that electrode is placed in outside neuron membrane, but need the electricity irritation applying nagative potential at film outward, the electricity irritation of this nagative potential has dragged down the current potential outside film, thus the potential difference relatively also dragged down in film outside relative film, when the changing value of this potential difference is greater than threshold value, membrane depolarization can be made equally and snapping motion current potential.So, electrode is usually placed in a certain brain position by prior art, then strong positive pulse or positive and negative alternating impulse are applied to electrode, its result caused in fact not inducing neural unit produces action potential granting orderly normally, but produce sporadic action potential due to strong potential fluctuation stimulating neuronal, but the ion proper motion of often inhibitory neuron, makes it cannot produce lasting action potential granting, it more cannot be made to recover spontaneous normal neural activity afterwards.Typically, before in brain stimulation experiment, when applying electric pulse stimulation to the neuron of epithalamic pain transmission path, it not often algesiogenic sensation, but inhibit pain, this is also often used as brain stimulation pain relieving (SPA), although and do not know its concrete mechanism of analgesic.

So, applicant is carefully according to the specific works principle of neuron snapping motion current potential, the output signal of output electrode is optimized, make it possible to inducing neural unit snapping motion current potential more accurately, and this action potential can continue to provide, and the axoneuron being more conducive to irriate forms continuable signal transmission.

The first output pulse signal prioritization scheme of the present invention, as Fig. 3, comprise: described pulses generation module, with positive pulse outfan SV+ and negative pulse outfan SV-, can export respectively relative to ground electrode is two kinds of pulse signals of positive potential and nagative potential; (this can be produced by positive-negative power, is common electronic technology); Positive pulse and negative pulse two outfans are switched by change-over switch SK, the output of change-over switch is re-used as the outfan of pulses generation module, be connected to each output module, (Fig. 3 only draws the first output module and the second output module, and other output module reasons are the same).Change-over switch SK can be mechanical switch or electrical switch.If be adopt the mode opening cranium when implementing brain stimulation, and adopt the patch-clamp or nerve microelectrode that are exclusively used in cranial nerve stimulation, (this microelectrode is usually used in neuroanatomical laboratory, for detecting the neuronic signal of telecommunication, tinsel or micro-glass tubing is adopted to make, tip only has 1 micron or less, and only have eletrode tip place to conduct electricity, can directly thrust in the film of neuronic cell space or aixs cylinder), output electrode can be thrust in the neuron membrane that will stimulate, then change-over switch can be switched to positive pulse outfan, electrode output is made to be connected to positive pulse outfan, at this moment output electrode is the pulse signal exporting positive potential.This mode is the ways customary that current laboratory carries out neuronal activation, can Induced by Stimulation neuron snapping motion current potential reliably, but microelectrode accurately will be thrust in target nerve unit film, obviously needs to carry out operation of opening cranium, extremely bothers.So, if change-over switch of the present invention is switched on negative pulse outfan, electrode output is made to be connected to negative pulse outfan, what at this moment output electrode exported is the pulse signal of nagative potential, can directly put on outside neuronic film, by dragging down film volta potential, relatively reduce film resting potential, and EAP.At this moment common electrode can be adopted, and on brainpan, open aperture or open aperture by nasal cavity or larynx deutomala, then under the cooperation of neuroendoscopy is assisted, output electrode inserted and be placed on the required target location stimulated, only need make outside the film of output electrode contact or close neurocyte, and without the need to accurately thrusting neuron, so more convenient to operate, wound is also less.

In addition, if the electric pulse stimulation put on neuron is too strong, particularly after neuron is induced action potential, still strong electricity irritation is subject to, then can have a strong impact on the normal ion motion inside and outside neuron membrane, the polarization of normal film cannot be recovered, so the triggering of action potential next time also just cannot be carried out after making neuron snapping motion current potential.So such electric pulse stimulation can inhibit neuronic activity on the contrary conversely, even make its inactivation, the integration that continues and activation cannot be carried out.(usually strong electric pulse stimulation is applied to the brain region of pain transmission path before, for carrying out pain relieving, in fact be this reason because at this moment the neuron of its pain transmission path suppress by strong stimulation to be even damaged, the sensation of pain cannot be transmitted).So, the signal of existing electric pulse stimulation technology export, can be used for brain stimulation, but neuron produces simply unordered electric discharge owing to being subject to strong impulse often, and sustainable regular event Electric spike repeatedly cannot be produced, or even play inhibitory action, can be used for pain relieving or treat the disease of various neuron paradoxical discharge, such as epilepsy, but be used for this application scenario that inducing neural unit continues repeatedly to provide action potential of wishing, then and improper, will adjust in other words and obtain suitable stimulation width and amplitude, be more difficult.

Applicant improves this, the second output signal prioritization scheme of the present invention, as Fig. 4, main frame (comprises first for connecting each output electrode, second and the 3rd output electrode) electrode output, (electrode output that is to say the lead-out terminal for connecting the outside each output electrode of main frame that main frame is arranged, general employing electric connector), (first is comprised with each output module, second and the 3rd output module) outfan between, be added with an output control circuit, (be equivalent to electronic switching circuit, more suitable scheme, a resistor R is also serially connected with between the outfan and output control circuit of output module, for cushioning and produce certain voltage difference), electrode output is also connected to the input of a voltage detecting circuit, and the outfan of voltage detecting circuit is connected to a voltage comparator circuit, compares with the output pulse signal from output module, the outfan of voltage comparator circuit is connected to the control end of output control circuit, is controlled by output control circuit paired pulses output signal.When the voltage signal of the electrode output that voltage detecting circuit detects, and the difference between the voltage signal that output module exports is greater than when setting numerical value, then close output control circuit, the output signal of output module to electrode output is closed, until next pulse period just reopens in the time of this pulse period remainder.Because the first output module is to the first output electrode, the second output module is to the second output electrode, and the 3rd output module is the same to the control circuit of the 3rd output electrode, so Fig. 4 only draws a road.

According to such output control program, during work, in each output pulse period (i.e. the cycle of individual pulse output) of each output module, first output control circuit is opened, output pulse signal puts on neuron by electrode output and output electrode, voltage signal simultaneously on voltage detecting circuit detecting electrode outfan (being equivalent to output electrode), and compare with the output pulse signal of output module, (both permissions have certain difference).When the pulse signal of output electrode acquires a certain degree to neuronic stimulation, there is depolarization in neuron, opens the ion channel on film, flows and form positive feedback, make neuron snapping motion current potential in a large amount of ion.At this moment due to a large amount of ion sharply interior stream, form overshot phenomenon, neuron membrane inner potential is made to become positive potential by nagative potential, film is outer becomes nagative potential by positive potential, this potential change sharply, electrode output can be delivered to by output electrode, cause the voltage on electrode output to occur larger fluctuation, and be that the pulse output signals exported with output module significantly changes asynchronous.This voltage pulsation is detected by voltage detecting circuit, and compared by voltage comparator circuit and pulse output signals, when both difference are greater than setting value (such as 10%), identifiable design is neuron snapping motion current potential, so, the output of voltage comparator circuit closes output control circuit, closes the output signal of output module to electrode output in the time of this pulse period remainder, until the next pulse cycle just reopens.Can make neuron after action potential outburst each time, no longer be subject to the stimulation of outside electric pulse like this, make the normal ion motion inside and outside its film unaffected, film polarized state can be recovered, to carry out integration and snapping motion current potential again to stimulating next time, form continuable action potential granting repeatedly.This technical scheme, more meet the working mechanism of axoneure, can either inducing neural unit snapping motion current potential, inactivation can not be suppressed to cause neuron or sustain damage by overstimulation neuron again, for stimulating the neuron at the positions such as thalamus, network structure, hypothalamus, EAP can be continued, forming continuous print pulse and providing, and make neuronic ion motion and physiological function recover normal gradually, the lock-out pulse granting that final appearance is spontaneous.

Also have, as previously described, different with other pulse electrotherapy technologies, when carrying out the sustainable granting of electricity irritation with EAP to nervus centralis, than more sensitive to the stimulation amplitude of electric impulse signal, should be enough to make its depolarization, but consequently can not inhibit its physiologically active too greatly.Applicant is also noted that also there is a problem here: when output electrode and ground electrode are placed in different brain position, because the liquid around cerebral neuron exists the negative ions of heterogeneity and variable concentrations, just certain potential difference is there is between output electrode and ground electrode when not working, (can be described as background voltage), and this potential difference is with the difference of the different and residing brain position of the relative position of two electrodes, its potential difference is also different.When providing electric impulse signal between output electrode and ground electrode, if exported with a kind of pulse amplitude of setting, then this potential difference originally just existed, just the amplitude of pulse signals can form overlaying influence, disturb the accuracy of pulse signal stimulus intensity.

So, the present invention to the third prioritization scheme of output pulse signal, as Fig. 5.Its electrode output is connected with a voltage detecting circuit, (can share with the voltage detecting circuit of other technologies above), voltage detecting circuit is used for the background voltage of detecting electrode outfan, so also can be described as background voltage testing circuit, the output of voltage detecting circuit is connected with a voltage hold circuit, maintenance memory is carried out to the background voltage value that voltage detecting circuit exports, (be equivalent to voltage memory circuit, if circuit adopts analog circuit, electric capacity then can be adopted to coordinate discharge circuit to form, if circuit is digital circuit, then can directly remember its magnitude of voltage), the magnitude of voltage that voltage hold circuit exports is connected to a voltage overlaying circuit, the pulse output signals that pulses generation module exports, superpose with background voltage in voltage overlaying circuit, if (circuit adopts analog circuit, discharge circuit can be adopted, or adopt technology virtually, both are superposed, if employing digital circuit, then both numerical value are carried out plus and minus calculation), be connected to electrode output.Voltage hold circuit, the work of voltage overlaying circuit and pulse output module (comprising the first output module and the second output module), be subject to the control of a state switching circuit, (also can being controlled by the control circuit that main frame is total), specific works process is: carrying out cranial nerve stimulation at every turn, after ground electrode and output electrode are placed in target area, or when readjusting the position of output electrode and ground electrode in work, circuit working is switched in " detection " state by state switching circuit, close the output of output module, first by the voltage on voltage detecting circuit detecting electrode outfan, (the potential difference of this voltage also namely between current output electrode and ground electrode, also be background voltage, may be just also may be negative), its output voltage values is undertaken keeping (also namely remembering) by voltage hold circuit, and deliver on voltage overlaying circuit, afterwards, by state switching circuit, circuit working is switched to " output " state, close the input of voltage hold circuit, (magnitude of voltage of input before making the maintenance of its output voltage), open the work of output module, the pulse signal that output module exports, superposes with background voltage, is connected to electrode output in voltage overlaying circuit.Like this, the pulse signal that output electrode exports, just offsets the potential difference between two electrodes, can eliminate the impact of background voltage pulse signals stimulating effect.

Auxiliary information: about thinking and the essence of consciousness and the research data of human brain working mechanism.Applicant for the research of the working mechanism in the essence of human thinking, consciousness, attention and neuron aspect thereof, analysis and description with lower part.These contents may not have direct relation with technical solution of the present invention, but contribute to understanding operation principle of the present invention and design considerations.

In the neural activity of brain, the most basic action is exactly the granting of neuronic action potential.Certain or certain organize neuronic activity, by synapse transmission, excitatory stimulation is formed to another neuron, when the accumulation of these excitements exceedes a certain threshold value, also namely neuronic transmembrane potential integrates the activation threshold value exceeding its action potential, then this neuron just activates snapping motion current potential, and forming stimulation by aixs cylinder to next neuron, this is the basic acts of cerebral activity, and brain is also to realize the function of various information processing with this.Does is problem: how brain realizes various brain function by this neuronic basic activity? such as memory, thinking, attention, consciousness? that is to say, how the working mechanism of various brain function is described by neuronic active actions?

1. the origin of brain and evolution.Understand the working mechanism of brain, first we need the source understanding human thinking activity, understands brain how to occur and formation of evolving along with biological evolution.

" the simple principle " of 1. biological evolution.No matter how complicated and mysterious brain is, if we admit that humans and animals is all evolve in the natural environment of the earth, this evolutionary process is not subject to the manipulation of non-natural strength (god), so, we seem assert this point: the Nature does not have designer to design in advance, all objects of the Nature are all that material changes under natural environment, and in the very long time, slowly accumulate these changes and formed.And cause the principle of these changes and accumulation should be all simple and natural.The Nature is followed this " simple principle ", utilizes simple reason, by the very long time, forms various complexity and object cleverly.

1. 2. from biological evolution process, the evolutionary process of organism and respective change are followed in the formation of brain (human brain or animal brain) and evolution, and it is the various external information of animal process and internal body information and the neuronic tissue set controlled self various activity.

When life is evolved as unicellular organism from some micels, as antibacterial, at this moment not also without the need to reflex system, the program of just solidifying according to DNA is carried out division and is copied.

When life concern is the organism with simple structure, there is the most basic eating and absorption function, be also provided with the necessary locomotive function of biological existence (being eaten to take food and escaping).At this moment need to control effectively to the vital movement of these digestion and movement, so evolve, certain intermediate cell connects the organ-tissue of two kinds of difference in functionalitys, make being excited of a kind of organ-tissue, the stress of another kind of organ-tissue can be caused, reach and eat or the action of movement.The intermediate cell of this link different organ and tissue is neurocyte.At this moment biology relies on simple and direct reflex arc and reflex action to realize stimulating the reaction controlling inputted, and this is the most original and simple nervous system.

Along with biological evolution goes out various biosystem, comprise digestive system, blood circulation, respiratory system, hormonal system etc., at this moment organism also evolve corresponding nervous tissue to the work of these systems carry out perception and reflection process, various information when receiving their work and internal body information, and the memory structures formed by long-term evolution (be recorded in gene, heritable) control their work.These neural reflex tissue aggregation together, and each other by interacting and modulating, carry out the work of each system of cooperation control, form the processing system of an internal body information, they are in the bottom of spinal cord and brain mostly, are the parts of brain early origin.

And along with the perception of biology to various external information (image, sound, mechanical stimulus, abnormal smells from the patient etc.) and the needs of reaction, organism is evolved out the sensory perceptual system of each external information such as vision, audition, sense of touch etc., olfactory sensation, the corresponding nervous tissue that evolves receives these external informations, set, remembers and reflects, the nervous tissue of these process external informations concentrates in together separately, constitute the echo area corresponding to various sensation, comprise vision area, listen district, somathetic area, etc.Simultaneously, the complexity of external environment condition and information, also the more complicated activity of biological needs is made to conform, from moving about to crawling into, flight is to running, to the action of various more complicated body more accurately, the biological corresponding nervous tissue that also evolves carries out cooperation control to the muscle movement of body, these flock together to the nervous tissue that muscle movement carries out cooperation control, define the kinetic system comprising cerebellum etc., and how according to various external information, react and control the gathering of nervous tissue of body movement, just each motion subregion in cortex is constituted.Various sensory system and kinetic system, together constitute the external information processing system of organism, for receiving various external information, and reacted by the memory structures of long-term habits and control the athletic performance of organism.

The internal information processing system of body and external information processing system obviously need each other and existence contacts and influences each other.Such as when engine body exterior information processing system carries out more violent motion, internal information processing system is needed to provide more oxygen and nutrition; When internal information processing system perceives hunger, external information processing system is needed to carry out the action of looking for food.Total so from aspect, be exactly the set of the internal information processing system of the actual organism of brain and external information processing system two systems, and there is a kind of passage of phase inter-modulation, two systems influenced each other and modulated.So form the scantling plan of Biont information process as shown in Figure 6.

Abundant and complicated along with various information, organism needs the input simultaneously receiving multiple interior external information, can not be simple reflex to the reaction of these information, and various information must be integrated and make the reaction of the various information of balance according to the long-term adaptability custom (namely remembering) formed.Such as, biology will be gone to for the odiferous information of food, and the dangerous information of the vision of near food allows biology need to escape, and so biological needs compares the signal intensity gone to and escape and integrate, and finally can only export one action---and go to or escape.So organism is evolved out the Combined Treatment part comparing various input information and average information, switch, integrate, and wherein just defines so-called thought system to the Combined Treatment part of external information.Information processing system schematic diagram inside and outside organism as shown in Figure 7.(for simplicity, Fig. 7 only marks inside and outside each two information processing passages).

So 1. 3., the result of biological evolution, to the set of the various nervous tissues that information reflects, just constitutes brain.Due to the complexity even contradiction of various inside and outside information, brain evolve a large amount of relay cells connect various sensation input nervous tissue, compare, switch, coordinate and integrate various information by these relay cells, this part defines the cerebral tissue such as reticular formation of brain stem, thalamus, Hippocampus, end thalamus, striatum, cerebellum, upper hypothalamus of brain.Afterwards, along with various information is complicated further, part core group extends further and expands, and forms cerebral cortex, comprises akrencephalon.As shown in Figure 8.(for simplicity, Fig. 8 only draws partial information passage).

And along with the gregarious life of animal and the complicated of living environment, in order to better survive and live, zoogenesis creates the language for exchange of information.Here voice are broad sense, comprise the language of sound, body language, and the language of various bio information is as abnormal smells from the patient.For the mankind, also more distinguishingly create abundant language and the word of correspondence.For input and output and the process of these language and Word message, brain is also that the set by evolving a series of relay cell realizes.Comprise: the auditory speech centre (obedient maincenter) being positioned at superior temporal gyrus rear portion, for identifying the linguistic information in the acoustic information listening district to receive.Be positioned at the broca's speech center Broca (maincenter of speaking) at inferior frontal gyrus rear portion, the muscle controlling oral cavity and throat realizes speaking.Be positioned at the sense of vision speech center (reading maincenter) on the angular convolution of inferior parietal lobule, the Word message in the visual information receive vision area identifies.Being positioned at mobility's word maincenter (cheirokinesthetic center) at middle frontal gyrus rear portion, realizing writing of word by controlling finger muscles.

Because linguistic information and Word message so enrich, the quantity of information that they are formed is very huge and complicated, to understanding, speaking, read, write the input and output of each maincenter and the work of computing with words, also in cortex, a large amount of relay cells is defined, for linking these maincenters, the language that the neuron of these maincenters inputs or outputs is connected with Word message, remembers, recombinates, reacts, is exported, etc., be formed into the message sense of the language of the section of conspiring to create.Such as, by the language that obedient maincenter inputs, or the word of the maincenter of reading input, preserve memory in the relay cell of cortex, and the incidence relation set up between them, when hearing these language or see these words next time, original those neurons preserving memory of cortex can be activated, identify the language of input and the meaning (meaning of a word) of word with this.On the other hand, when the relay cell of brain association cortex is in activity (i.e. thinking), also project the neuron of the maincenter of speaking or cheirokinesthetic center by feedback, exported by these neuronic activation, the bit string of human thinking is exported, is formed and speak or write.

1. 4. so, the work of brain, be adopt neuron to carry out the various input and output information of perception, memory and reflection, and adopt relay cell to carry out integration process, to carry out cooperation control to the various outputs of body to various input/output information and average information.Along with the development of body and environmental concerns and body construction itself tend to complicated and meticulous, also there is corresponding complicated and meticulous evolution in brain, and make the link of its information processing become complexity owing to producing Inter Modulation between each several part.Wherein along with the complicated of various sensory information and athletic performance with become more meticulous, especially the sensation of language inputs and movement output, and integration process also i.e. thinking and the memory to these information, the neuronal quantity of cerebral cortex especially akrencephalon is correspondingly increased fast, and enlarged volume becomes human brain the best part.

These existing knowledge of brain evolutionary process are described, object is to express this point: from the angle of biological evolution, human brain entering mammal, each nerve nucleus that reptile is even formed when entering Fish and information processing mechanism thereof, just substantially constant.Just the position of existence is formed in early days as reticular formation of brain stem in human brain, core and leading position is remained in the system works of brain, and the position that the evolution of some later stages is formed is as cortex especially cortex of telencephalon, although bulky, but formation is expanded by the small nut group just because information increase causes neuron to increase, it remains the status of subordinate in the system works of human brain.(can not just think that both legs replace brain and become the core of human motion system and dominate in human body evolutionary process because of the thick prosperity of thigh as us).So, although the neural activity of the identification of information and large higher brain function such as cognition, thinking and memory, movement output etc. occurs in cortex especially akrencephalon mostly, but to these neururgic control, also the core of the control mechanism of i.e. whole brain system work, do not lie in cortex, do not lie in akrencephalon, and be the brain stem that biological evolution earliest period just exists and diencephalon one band, comprise reticular formation of brain stem, thalamus, upper hypothalamus etc.(control mechanism of brain is emphasis, will at Part III below, and namely " control mechanism of 3. human thinking activity " is described in detail).

2. the essence of thinking and consciousness.Want analytical thinking and consciousness, also need to understand cognitive and memory, this is two bases and the prerequisite of thinking.Cognition be brain to the perception of various stimulation and identification, and preserved through cognitive information by memory, afterwards, brain, to through cognitive information and the process of reacting through the average information of memory and reintegrating, just forms thinking.

2. the essence 1. remembered and working mechanism.In the description of the Chinese patent application " analog of neutral net and method " of the application number 2014106066977 that applicant submitted on October 30th, 2014, to essence, the formation remembered, impermanent memory is from the different of longterm memory and transform, and is described.In brain neuron network, the essence of memory is neuronic " uniqueness reflection ".When a neutral net obtains the stimulation that some information (the most basic minimum information word) inputs, also namely obtain the action potential of one or one group neuronal activation import stimulation into time, the syndeton of this neutral net, it is had and only has another or another group neuron to obtain excited fully integration, activate snapping motion current potential and export new information word, this is the basic neuron activity of memory.At brain, identification and the memory of external information are present in cerebral cortex, and the memory of various average information are first betided to the center-aisle of information transmission, (as Hippocampus), after repeatedly stimulating, just form longterm memory at cerebral cortex.Specific works with reference to application documents before, can be not described in detail here.

2. cognitive working mechanism.Cognition is also basis and the prerequisite of thinking, or perhaps the front one procedure of thinking.Traditionally cognitive and thinking mixed sometimes for together with, but in fact cognitive and thinking is two different processes, and adopts differentiated working method to realize.Cognitive activities is present on various sensory neuron and primary sensory cortex, parallel mode is adopted to carry out information processing, and thinking is the relay cell of cortex especially association cortex, the average information that output information and the thinking self of cognition produce is launched, reacts and reintegrated, and export the process of control information or new average information, adopt the mode of serial to carry out work.

About cognition especially about the cognitive process of vision, audition and sense of touch, more pertinent literature is had to carry out its neural link and work open, the concurrent working mode that only summary is cognitive here.Cognition is the process that brain cog-nitive target to external world carries out perception and identification, because cog-nitive target has complicated and diversified information, in order to realize the identification to them, need their multiple information of perception simultaneously, jointly limit a cog-nitive target, so the concurrent working mode of information that what the perception of cognitive process and identifying adopted is, is then limited by many-to-one projection and identifies cog-nitive target.Such as, for the visual cognition of an object, image due to object includes the much informations such as size, shape, color, brightness, will according to the needs that can realize identifying, perception is carried out to wherein one or more information simultaneously, and often kind of information has different values, also may need to carry out perception to the size of its value, finally jointly limit according to the information of these perception again and identify this object.The chances are for concrete flow process: (1), brain is by several sensory neurons of eyes, come shape and the size of perceptual image, colouring information, monochrome information, and the speed provided by action potential and sequential, also namely frequency coding and time encoding export the value transmitting this several information, and this coded system is conducive to the nervous pathway reduced and simplification information is transmitted.(2), Visual output information is projected onto on lateral geniculate body and primary visual cortex.This projection is that much information path all projects, but is the projection relation of one-to-many on each truck.Primary visual cortex has array architecture that is very tight and ordered arrangement, the granting speed of the neuron action potential that can input according to each pathways for vision and sequential, the neuron of varying number and diverse location in arrangement architecture is activated, that is to say the frequency coding of each vision input information and time encoding, be converted into the space encoding of one group of neuron activity of spatially varying number and diverse location.(3), primary visual cortex projects associating optic cortex.This projection is many-to-one relation on locus, the space encoding that height of formation is summarized.Namely action potential is provided in primary visual cortex multiple (or many groups) neuronic common activation, jointly collaborative stimulation is carried out to (or one group) neuron of combining on optic cortex, integrated by the film of excitement and make this (or one group) neuron obtain activating granting.Thus realize correspond to multiple (many groups) neuron of much information and different value, jointly map and limit (one group) neuron, and this (or one group) neuron, just uniqueness correspond to original cog-nitive target, thus realize identification to cog-nitive target.If (4) visual signal relates to word, then the neuron of combining on optic cortex also projects to sense of vision speech center (read maincenter, reading maincenter belongs to associating optic cortex equally), identifies word., associating visual cortical neurons provision, the information become through cognition exports, by the activity of the relay cell of relay cell especially association cortex, carry out thinking and various reflex response activity.

As for audition, sense of touch and other cognitive processs felt, be similar with vision.Wherein auditory information enters brain stem by cochlear hair cell by acoustic nerve, at medial thalamus geniculate body relaying, to primary auditory cortex projection, then is projected to associating auditory cortex by primary auditory cortex, realizes the identification to sound.If auditory information relates to language, then combine auditory cortex also to auditory speech centre (obedient maincenter) projection, language is identified.But, from brain function, associating optic cortex should have Nervons projection path directly to motor cortex, and combines auditory cortex and do not have this projection, so brain directly can control the athletic performance of body according to visual information without the need to attention and thinking, but audition can not.In addition, the various sensory cortexs comprising vision and audition seem a region jointly projected, to make the various sensory informations of same cog-nitive target obtain intersecting correspondence.Such as, to the vivid identifying information of someone, carrying out correspondence with name and sound, just can recall its name and image when hearing sound.And read the region of the crosswise projection of maincenter and obedient maincenter, that is to say so-called semantic cortical areas.

2. the essence of 3. thinking.And the activity of the cortex especially relay cell of association cortex, if under various modulation condition, define controlled, orderly, successively, (or by group) step-type activation one by one, also namely chain type activates, (activation that is to say snapping motion current potential) is the primitive form of the neuron activity of thinking.Specifically, as shown in Figure 9, the aixs cylinder of a certain neuron such as neuron a can set up synaptic contact with other ten hundreds of neuronic dendrons or cell space, the dendron of another neuron such as neuron b also can set up synaptic contact with other ten hundreds of neuronic aixs cylinders, these synaptic structures set up by various sign stimulus before being, (comprising direct imformation memory and other indirect association), make when neuron a is activated and produces action potential, passing to neuron b by synapse applies excited, and neuron b is under the excitement excitation that other neurons are collaborative, (also namely excited spatial integration, comprise the neuronic modularity effect of modularity, with the cooperative exiting of lock-out pulse, describe in detail later), also be activated and snapping motion current potential, namely neuron a → neuron b is had.Same, the activation of neuron b, its action potential granting can to other neurons such as neuron c, neuron d etc. form excited stimulation, make neuron c below, neuron d is also sequentially activated, and forms neuron a → b → c → d →... ... Deng chain type activate.Because each or each group neuron correspond to the most basic a certain information also i.e. information word, such as neuron a corresponding informance unit A, neuron b corresponding informance unit B, neuron c corresponding informance unit C, etc., then neuron a → b → c → d →... ... this information word corresponding to activation chain, just a string message sense A → B → C → D →... exported successively is formed this in neutral net neuron produce controlled, orderly, the chain type of stepping activates action successively, it is the most basic neural activity form of thinking, that is to say the essence of the thinking in neuron aspect.Neuron described here can be one or one group, is corresponding and the basic neural unit of a restriction information word.Described activation is that neuron breaks out once or the action potential of continuous several times, and due to synaptic facilitation, it may be continuous several times that a lot of neuronic activation is provided.

2. the working method of 4. thinking.The working method of thinking, that is to say that neuron such as the transmission of how exciting signal activates to carry out chain type in the mode realizing information processing.Because the synaptic contact between neuron is enormous amount and baroque, the reason that neuron a activates and causes neuron b to activate is many-sided, and this can be following several.

2. the synaptic contact 4. 1. set up because of imformation memory.Namely the information of A → B was once repeatedly inputted before, and generation establishes directly and transmits the enough powerful synaptic contact of usefulness between neuron a and neuron b, (synapse transmission usefulness is generally the synapse quantity owing to being formed each other, determine with the transmission usefulness of each synapse), when neuron a being activated and neuron b is stimulated, neuron b integrates and triggering generation action potential owing to obtaining enough excitements, produce neuron a → b → reflex chain, the thinking of this form exports, essence is also recall process to original remembered information, work can describing with reference to No. 2014106066977 Chinese patent application in more detail for it.

2. the 4. 2. neuronic modulating action of modularity.From other neural activities such as emotional system, kinetic system, the modularity neuron that it produces is to the modulating action of neuron b, comprise the enhancing of enhancement modulation, or inhibition modulation weaken, make when neuron a activates, neuron b integrates due to synapse and is activated, produce neuron a → b → reflex chain.(separately have after specific works and describe).

2. the cooperative exiting effect of self-synchronous exciting pulse is 4. 3. carried out.Particularly from the effect of thought system " attention " control loop.The activation of neuron a, stimulated to a large amount of rear neuron grantings by aixs cylinder, but obviously after these, neuron is not all activated, only have when the region at neuron b place is pointed in the lock-out pulse granting of thinking " attention " control loop, neuron b is just integrated by collaborative stimulations of lock-out pulse and activates, generation neuron a → b → reflex chain.And if the lock-out pulse of " attention " control loop provides to other neuronic regions, then may be that another neuron such as neuron f is activated, produce neuron a → f → reflex chain.Should say, under same emotion and same physiological status, the thinking activities of brain, more mainly the control of the synchronization motivationtheory pulse being subject to " attention " control loop, and the chain type that also lock-out pulse makes neuronic activity be formed " stepping " formula orderly in same path just activates and can not be chaotic, lock-out pulse plays the sequencing contro effect of clock signal in the central processing unit being similar to electronic technology field.The working mechanism of " attention " is the emphasis of brain work, will at Part III below, and namely the control mechanism of human thinking activity " three, " are described in detail.

2. the comprehensive function of 4. various excitement excitation.Because the synaptic contact between neuron is huge and baroque, the Production conditions that neuron chain type activates and approach, directly fixing reflection contact can be had without the need to setting up each other, but trigger the activation because of the co-integration of the relay cell of other indirect associations.Such as, original direct and unfixing reflective relation between neuron e and neuron f, (namely there is no imformation memory relation) yet, so, the more weak general synaptic contact of usefulness is transmitted although set up between neuron e and neuron f, (owing to being subject to the stimulation of indirectly information between relevant neuron, set up each other and have synaptic contact general widely, if and the synapse negligible amounts set up each other, lower with the transmission performance of each synapse, then the transmission usefulness of this synapse is just more weak), the excitation that this weak synaptic contact can transmit is more weak, the activation of original neuron e is not enough to cause neuron f also to produce activation, but, if before neuron e activates, there is neuron a, b, c, the activation of d, (being also the neuronal activation of relevant information), repeatedly give neuron f to stimulate, these stimulate repeatedly makes neuron f that film excitement occurs, and form film integration, (this is also one of producing cause of working memory, the film that working memory is transmitted due to synapse integrates and short-term synaptic journey plasticity produces), and also have the neuronic modulating action of modularity simultaneously, so that provide when neuron e activates, and during the excitation of the lock-out pulse of simultaneous " attention " control access, neuron e passes to the weak excitatory stimulation of neuron f, be enough to the threshold value that the excitement value after neuron f synapse is integrated exceedes action potential, thus triggering action potentials, produce neuron e → f → reflex chain.In this case, the excitement stimulation of neuron e plays last pivotal role, (last straw).The chain type that this mode causes activates, it is the principal mode of human thinking, also be the reason that brain can carry out free thinking, it has direct memory relation without the need to front and back information in foundation before, but integrate generation by whole message structure, so, again recalling of it and non-information, but the output of the new message sense do not had before can producing, produce the thinking of " freedom ".Certainly, the thinking of so-called " freedom " is relative, refer to the new message sense do not had before can producing, but its generation is still the restriction being subject to other various collateral informations.When in the face of information input, the travel direction that chain type activates also is the thinking of thinking, is subject to the syndeton of related Neurons and the joint effect of multiple modulation path and " attention " control access.Wherein the syndeton of related Neurons that is to say the memory structures of original relevant information, comprises knowledge, event, experience etc., and this is the basis forming intelligence; And the effect power of " attention " control access and each modulation path also can be variant in different people, this is the main cause forming different " personality ".

2. 4. 5. neuronic spontaneous discharge.Corticocerebral neuron, because synaptic contact is each other widely, so, other neurons outside the activation chain of thinking passage, at a time, also part may be had to stimulate owing to being constantly subject to various excitement and to produce film integration and triggering action potentials, produce so-called spontaneous discharge.But applicant infers, because this spontaneous discharge is sporadic, fail again to form synergism action with other excited excitations such as comprising lock-out pulse, generally fail again to encourage next neuron and form chain type and activate, so do not become thinking activities, and just isolated spontaneous discharge.But this spontaneous discharge also has its biological significance: due to neuron spontaneous discharge once in a while, the physiological activity that neuronic cell space and synapse can be made to keep certain, maintains its physiologically active.And stimulate owing to receiving the excitement with the related Neurons of synaptic contact, and its spontaneous discharge forms stimulation to these related Neurons, so can " refresh " and these neuronic synaptic contacts, improve the effectiveness of its synaptic contact, that is to say the memory structures enhancing and rely on this synaptic contact and set up.This mechanism should be the other system such as kinetic system that there is brain.And this mechanism seems also can have an effect when sleeping, so we can find sometimes, through information or the technical ability of repetition learning or exercise, even if do not go study or contact later again, some can become more clear or more skilled in a few days.

2. the essence 5. realized.Consciousness is one of the most mysterious function of brain.Applicant, according to the link of brain in information processing and flow process, thinks: consciousness is the self-perception of brain to thinking activities.When brain carries out thinking, also be that the Wright's nerve metanetwork of brain association cortex is when carrying out thinking activities, the neuronic activation of thinking passage, its aixs cylinder one side forwardly other neurons forms neuromuscular juinction to continue to encourage thinking activities, also the neuron of corticopetal associating sensory region forms projection simultaneously on the other hand, make the neuronic activity of thinking passage by the perception of institute of cortical sensibility district, so, brain just perception and recognize the thought and being of " I ".The neuron activity of this association cortex, to the neuronic projection of sensory cortex, enables the thinking activities of sensory cortex to association cortex produce self-perception, and this is the essence of consciousness.Normal person, and under normal waking state, this accept projection sensory cortex seem mainly audio associating sensory region, especially speech center, so we daily " consciousness " to " thinking " be carry out with language mostly.(for congenital deafness mute, because it cannot form perception of sound, and neutral net has plasticity and compensatory, then can the sign language of sense of vision carry out, this sign language also belongs to language).Certainly, our said audio sensory region and sense of vision sensory region, being all artificial definition, is in fact all realize with the relay cell of nervus centralis.The projection of this thinking process to sensory cortex and the biological significance of self-perception, should be the various average informations that thinking process is produced, as new information, project sensory region and carry out perception and input, so as this average information to be remembered or and original information recombinate, (first this memory shows as working memory, is converted into long-term memory and longterm memory more in some cases afterwards), constantly improves the message structure of its memory with this.But again project just because of this, make thinking process can by the perception of the sensory cortex of brain institute, make us " know " and " consciousness " to the content of thinking and process, just make us create this marvellous " consciousness ".If there is no this path again projecting perception, then brain just just reflects input information and reacts output, and there is no " knowing " and " consciousness ", also can not ego integrity message structure, just just belonging to the neural reflex mechanism of elementary biology, similarly is more an automatic machinery in other words.Obviously, this is also the place of the essential distinction of current artificial intelligence and human brain: current artificial intelligence only possesses the ability of perception to external input information, identification, process, reaction and output, and lack the ability self-perception of information process and the average information that produced by information process being incorporated in real time to original information structure, also namely lack " self consciousness " and " ego integrity " ability.Obviously, not to understanding and the understanding of the essence of human brain " consciousness ", the artificial intelligence really with " consciousness " be designed and just do not know where to begin at all.Applicant is according to the essence of above-mentioned human brain " thinking " and " consciousness " and operation principle, also has " attention " control mechanism about thinking described later, and solve wherein the most difficult by the technology of average information real-time integration to " ego integrity " in original information structure in mode cleverly, devise the artificial intelligence system of brand-new operation principle, open by carrying out in the patent application of " there is autopsychic artificial intelligence system " of proposing afterwards.

Applicant also thinks: brain exists the modulation path from hypothalamus or brain stem, i.e. sleep and the modulation path of awakening, make normal person under waking state, the relay cell of association cortex is when carrying out thinking activities, its neuron activating chain mainly projects to associating Auditory cortex, and suppressed to the projection of vision and other sensory cortexs, so brain is to the self-perception of thinking and consciousness, mainly feel to realize with audio.This is mainly because the visual cortex also have direct projection to motor cortex to carry out unconscious daily routines; and audition does not have; if the visual information of thinking activities also projects to the visual cortex, then may cause the confusion that " vision-motion " reacts.Only under non-waking state, (sleep is had a dream, or certain psychosis is as schizophrenia), the suppression of the visual cortex is removed singularly, the information that thinking activities produces just can project to the visual cortex, brain is made to produce appreciable image hallucination, just as seeing.(about daydream and schizophrenia, after be described elsewhere).

2. the producing method 6. realized.The producing method of consciousness, be also the feedback mode of delivery of relay cell to cortical sensibility district of association cortex thinking path in thinking process, this may have two kinds of modes:

2. 6. 1. first kind of way is that the relay cell of thinking path directly carries out chain type activation, such as neuron a1 → b1 → c1 → activation chain, its activity is not by the impact in cortical sensibility district, just in this course, neuron a1, b1, c1 send out side shoot simultaneously and project to cortical sensibility district, make neuron such as this thinking process of neuron a2, b2, c2 perception of its correspondence, namely produce a2 → b2 → c2 → self-perception, thus produce oneself " consciousness ".In this fashion, thinking is directly produced by the relay cell of association cortex, and sensory cortex is perception passively and recognizes this thinking activities.Its neuron projections mode as shown in Figure 10.

2. 6. 1. the second way is that the chain type of thinking activities activates to come and go between association cortex neuron with sensory cortex neuron and intersects and carry out, and its neuronic mode of delivery as shown in figure 11.(1), neuronic every one-step activation of thinking path its process comprises:, and such as neuron a1 activates, and just carries out projection to the corresponding neuron a2 of next neuron b1 and sensory cortex simultaneously and encourages; (2), the neuron a2 of sensory cortex is triggered the activation this information of perception; , the activation of sensory cortex neuron a2, carry out projection excitation to the neuron (including neuron a2) of association cortex conversely again; (4), the neuron b1 of association cortex accepts the excitation of a1 and a2 simultaneously, triggers the activation; , the activation of neuron b1, carry out projection to the corresponding neuron b2 of next neuron c1 and sensory cortex again simultaneously and encourage; (6), sensory cortex neuron b2 activates this information of perception; , the activation of sensory cortex neuron b2, carry out projection excitation to the neuron (including neuron c1) of association cortex conversely again; (8), neuron c1 accepts the excitation of b1 and b2 simultaneously, triggers the activation Finally, association cortex thinking path occurred equally neuron a1 → b1 → c1 → activation chain, and the neuron of sensory cortex create too a2 → b2 → c2 → self-perception and form consciousness, but this process be with a1 → a2 → b1 → b2 → c1 → c2 → the mode of round projection carry out.In this fashion, sensory neuron be real-time perception thinking activities each step, and participates in and define thinking activities the next one activation action.

2. 6. 2. owing to lacking detailed and reliable anatomical documentation, applicant directly cannot determine that consciousness perception carries out in above-mentioned any mode, but applicant is by a kind of special thinking, and namely the thinking of language is carried out this analyzing and inferring.The mankind, thinking Many times carries out with language, only has a few special just to have the thinking of non-language.The language thinking of the mankind is generally carried out with the first mother tongue, but also can comprise the second mother tongue to carry out with foreign language, this is that applicant thinks that consciousness is the reason of thinking passage to the projection of associating sensory cortex, and this provides a kind of approach to the mode of delivery of consciousness for our analytical thinking: if thinking is first kind of way to the projection of consciousness, namely thinking activities is that the relay cell of association cortex independently carries out, associating sensory cortex (the sensation identification of language is also the associating sensory region belonging to sensory cortex) just this activity of passive perception, so, no matter be carry out thinking with mother tongue or with foreign language, thinking activities all should be able to normally carry out swimmingly and produce result of thinking, just thinking not necessarily by reliable perception and can be recognized sometimes, on the contrary, if thinking is the second way to the projection of consciousness, namely thinking comes and goes to carry out between association cortex and the neuron of sensory cortex, so, when carrying out thinking with unskilled foreign language, thinking activities will inevitably have some setbacks, and can be obstructed, cannot produce result of thinking when proceeding to unacquainted foreign language word.Practical situation is the latter, brain is when carrying out thinking with unskilled foreign language, usually discontinuous, be obstructed and be difficult to go on, so applicant infers, the thinking of brain, it is at least the thinking of language, be the relay cell at association cortex thinking path, and between the neuron of sensory cortex, come and go and carry out chain type activation.Certainly, this work process is also subject to lock-out pulse simultaneously affects with the modulation of other modulation intelligences.(see " 2. 4. 3. from the synergism of lock-out pulse ".Also has the 3rd part " control mechanism of human thinking activity " below).

If 2. 6. 3. thinking and consciousness are carried out by this way, namely between thinking path and the neuron of sensory cortex, come and go projection realize, the cooperative exiting of the lock-out pulse of " attention " control loop is needed due to thinking activities, so, in the thinking activities of language, each stepping of neuron activity, just more lock-out pulse is needed to carry out cooperative exiting, the neuronal activation of thinking path at least needs once, the neuronal activation of sensory cortex at least needs once, (say here at least, because neuron needs lock-out pulse more than once to encourage just generation once to activate granting sometimes).And we know, the lock-out pulse of cerebral activity, can be detected and obtain, and is also brain wave.So in the thinking activities of language, even in the fastest the most nervous thinking, the speed of thinking, the quantity of the word of the thinking activities namely can recognized in certain hour, can not exceed the half of the brain wave rhythm and pace of moving things the soonest.This can be verified by contrived experiment.

2. 6. 4. applicant thinks, the mode that thinking and consciousness are carried out with this round crosswise projection also has its biological significance and reasonability.Each step activity of thinking process projects sensory cortex all in real time, make the timely perception of brain and integrate this information, the perception of sensory cortex projects again again to be got back in thinking path, again affects and limits, impel thinking to carry out more accurately in relevant information on thinking activities.And, from the anatomical structure of brain, cerebral cortex has the neuron of the dense arrangement of enormous amount, (especially cones and granular cell), and the neuronic quantity (changing first number) of any direct Nervons projection link is all few in brain, be 2 to 5 neuronic projection links mostly, but our thinking activities can input, export and integrate the message sense of the surprising serial of length, such as, remember or recite the article reaching K word! Obviously, the article of the huge bunchiness of this byte number is remembered and exported to brain just by carrying out coming and going the model of action projected between the huge sensory cortex of neuronal quantity and association cortex.Wherein, sensory cortex has remembered the single word of language and word, and association cortex has remembered the connection relation between them.When we read and remember one section of article, be that the syndeton of the relay cell by changing association cortex (comprising the cortex of hippocampal formation) remembers the connection relation between word with front and back sequential; And when we recall this section of article, under the control of synchronization motivationtheory pulse, these have the relay cell of sequential connection relation to activate association cortex successively in a stepping manner, and reading maincenter that is real-time and sensory cortex carries out round projection, so sensory cortex is these words of perception one by one, produce the language perception of bunchiness, realize recalling article.(this recalling original article remembered also belongs to a kind of form of thinking activities, sees " synaptic contact 2. 4. 1. set up because of imformation memory ").

2. 6. 5. in the thinking process of above-mentioned this language, in cortex language sensory region neuronal activation while, can also to the relevant motor region of language in cortex, comprise the maincenter of speaking and cheirokinesthetic center projects.But these two maincenters are being closed output at ordinary times, (by the neuronic suppression of modularity, or/and there is no the cooperative exiting of lock-out pulse), only when needs are spoken or write, these two motoriums are just opened, and (modularity neuron suppresses to remove, or/and effective granting excitation of lock-out pulse), so the information of language thinking activities can carry out movement output, namely carries out speaking or writing simultaneously.

If with 2. 6. 2. mode as a same reason analyze, consequently: speak maincenter or cheirokinesthetic center just accept the information projection of thinking activities passively and descendingly to export to nervus motorius, and do not participate in the process of thinking.So paralambdacism, words can not be write, and all can not affect normally carrying out of thinking activities, even sometimes also there will be the situation of brain " that thinks is different with what say ".

What 2. 6. certainly go up surface analysis is the thinking activities of thought system " consciously ", and for other system, such as motor system, because cortical motor areas both can accept the output projection of association cortex, also the projection in cortical sensibility district can directly be accepted, so the athletic performance of motor system both can be control by the output of thought system, also directly can carry out without the need to thought system " attention " and " consciousness ", its macro manifestations is, in the face of external information stimulates, body directly produces reaction action, then just note by thought system and perception.

2. 7. thinking, relation between consciousness and attention.Thinking is that the orderly chain type of carrying out successively of the relay cell of association cortex activates, and consciousness is the self-perception of sensory cortex to thinking activities, so consciousness depends on thinking and produces.And according to the working mechanism of brain " attention ", (seeing below content described in Part III), " attention " is that the control loop of thought system accepts various sensory stimuli, through comparing, competing and suppressing mutually, integrate out a kind of control mode of multiple information processing passage being carried out to cooperation control.The sensing of " attention " determines at a time, which partial nerve unit of the thought system of brain accepts perception and inputs and carry out thinking activities, and these neuronic thinking activities feedbacks project sensory region, by the perception of sensory region neuron institute, create " consciousness ".So " attention " is a kind of control mode, " thinking " is a kind of reflex activity, and " consciousness " is a kind of perception." attention " controls " thinking ", and " thinking " creates " consciousness ".

In the ordinary course of things, this three is often interdependent, and the place of brain institute " attention " is the content of thinking activities, also can be arrived by brain institute " consciousness " simultaneously.Especially when thinking be with the form of language when carrying out, thinking activities feedback projects the sensory region (should be auditory speech centre) of carrying out language identification, make us experience the thinking processes of this language consumingly, experience the existence of " consciousness " consumingly.But in the thinking activities of some other non-language, in the thinking process of the operability work of lifting such as, because action both can be have " attention " by thought system and have " consciousness " to control, also directly can carry out without the need to thought system " attention " and " consciousness ", the procedural memory that even can also depend on motor system carries out, so easily make us not make " attention ", association between " thinking " and " consciousness " and difference clear.

3. the control mechanism of human thinking activity.The signal processing of brain and control mechanism are the most important contents of brain.Before, we can understand the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of brain by anatomy, understand the general projection relation of each neural link of brain, even can understand the structure and working principle of single neuron and synapse, but still the memory of brain, the essence of thinking and consciousness and work cannot be understood, its main cause, the mechanism of the working mechanism to whole brain (being at least to thought system wherein) entirety, especially its signal processing and control, lack a systematic understanding, this causes us to the understanding of brain as the limitation as taking a part for the whole.And once understand transmission and the control mechanism of this signal, much about the problem of brain, even some psychotic essence and causes, just can be readily solved.

3. 1. about the Railway Project of thinking.Analyze the most basic neuron action of thinking activities above, namely neuronic chain type activation is the primitive form of brain thinking, is also the essence of thinking.Neuron due to orderly activation successively, and forms chain type activation, and the output successively of the information word corresponding to neuron that this chain type activates, forming message sense, is thinking.

, forming thinking if only activated with neuronic chain type, at least also there is Railway Project in that:

If 3. 1. there is no otherwise coordinative role, so neuronic activation, possibly cannot cause separately next neuronal activation, also multiple rear neuron may be caused to activate simultaneously, at this moment just not occur that orderly chain type activates, but there is radial large-scale neuronal activation, this does not obviously meet the serial of our thinking and orderly feature.

3. 1. 2. brain stimulates the input of (the various sensation such as vision, audition) in the various external informations of synchronization, all may cause the activation of brain related Neurons, if there is no certain control mechanism, so these outside stimuluss all may cause many chain types activation simultaneously, form multiple thinking to carry out, obviously this does not meet our thinking just single " thinking " feature of carrying out at one time yet simultaneously.(refer to the thinking of " consciousness " here, do not comprise health to the unconscious reflex response of outside stimulus, that is other reflex system, after separately have analysis).

If 3. 1. 3. thinking is only activated by the chain type of relay cell to carry out, so, the speed of thinking should be basically identical, because in " input-triggering action potentials-output " this process, neuronic speed of action is basically identical, even if consider the time that excited film is integrated, also difference can not be very large., in fact, thinking speed and the information output speed of brain are variable, or even can freely the controlling of " consciously ".Such as, when thinking deeply with language, or with language read silently recite one section of word time, speed both can be very slow, slow to 1 words per second, also can be very fast, seemed the soonest to reach 10 several words per second.Obviously, the neuronic activity of this part of association cortex not being chain type activates determines, but needs other signal of another one to control.

If 3. 1. 4. thinking is only activated by the chain type of relay cell to carry out, so, thinking, once start, just can only be carried out, and thinking cannot be turned to otherwise content in related related Neurons (being also relevant information).But in fact, brain can turn to other guide in thinking process.Such as: can associate in thinking process or be switched to other guide, " thinking " being switched between different information content, (certainly, single thinking is still only had to carry out at synchronization).For another example, in thinking process when there being other sensation (vision, audition, sense of touch etc.) inputs, brain both can switch " attention " at once and process these sensation inputs, also can ignore these sensations and proceed original thinking.Obviously, this also needs a control mechanism and carries out this judging and switching.

3. 1. 5. the pulse width of neuron action potential only has several milliseconds, and the time-histories of thinking activities and athletic performance mostly on the order of a second, and the activity cycle of longer time-histories can be formed, obviously, the action potential being difficult to rely on Millisecond directly forms the information activities of level second.

3. 1. 6. these problems above-mentioned, its essence is the control mechanism of thinking.Brain is carrying out thinking, also namely in the activity carrying out the activation of neuron chain type, the control of certain control mechanism must be subject to, make at a time can only to have certain or certain organize specific neuron in activation, make neural activity be carry out in order in the mode of " stepping ", ensure that thinking activities carries out in order with single thinking at a certain passage.And this control mechanism also controls thinking and between various different thinking and the input of different objective sensations, can carry out suitable attention, judgement and switching, namely form the control mechanism of " attention ".

Applicant analyzes discovery, this control mechanism of human thinking system, by what jointly form for generation of the thinking oscillating loop of lock-out pulse " network structure-thalamus " and several modulation path.(lock-out pulse is the address by being accustomed to providing to cortex thalamus action potential pulse in the past, but its essence is not for Synchronization Control, but between " network structure-thalamus ", come and go the pulse of granting action potential, form oscillatory rhythms, and provide pulse, to encourage the relay cell of cortex to carry out chain type activation successively by thalamus to cortex, so seem to be called that driving pulse is more suitable, but be still called lock-out pulse out of habit, or synchronization motivationtheory pulse).This oscillating loop and several modulation path effect difference, the control mechanism of common construction idea, and the control mechanism that should be motion and other processing systems.Carry out this below describing.

3. the 2. control access of " attention ", the working mechanism of lock-out pulse oscillating loop.We know, thalamus is ceaselessly providing action potential to cortex, (this is also the reason producing brain wave), by current understanding, this is seemingly in the work controlling cortical neuron, and the granting of thalamus lock-out pulse seems also relevant with network structure.So, do are how its concrete work process and control mechanism? applicant by analysis, is described in detail this.

3. 2. 1. first, thalamus and reticular formation of brain stem define the oscillating loop that a cyclic provides action potential.Reticular formation of brain stem medial area, more accurately say be medial area formatio reticularis mesencephali to intralaminar nuclei projection provide action potential, this granting does not comprise concrete information content, but has certain specificity.Current neuroanatomy does not carry out more detailed subregion to formatio reticularis mesencephali, but applicant thinks that formatio reticularis mesencephali at least has packet configuration, its each group neuron correspondence is also connected to the input of a certain category information, (input such as such as vision, audition, sense of touch, and from neuronic each bar Descending Projections path of association cortex thinking activities).Each group neuron of formatio reticularis mesencephali, Ascending Projections to the particular zones of in intralaminar nuclei, a certain neuron in a certain grouping of formatio reticularis mesencephali, Ascending Projections the one group of neuron that control in the corresponding subregion in intralaminar nuclei.The neuron that formatio reticularis mesencephali projects to intralaminar nuclei, belong to cholinergic neuron, its synapse transfer reaction speed is fast, the hormesis caused is powerful, when a certain group of neuronal activation of formatio reticularis mesencephali is provided, this group neuron of the intralaminar nuclei projected much is activated by excitement and provides action potential, but should be unable to produce synaptic plasticity, so do not have memory effect, its projection relation is fixing.

3. 2. the neuron axon of intralaminar nuclei projects to cortex and thalamic reticular nucleus simultaneously; Cortex also carries out Descending Projections to intralaminar nuclei and reticular nucleus simultaneously.(the corticopetal projection of intralaminar nuclei and cortex to intralaminar nuclei be incident upon rear separately have describe).Intralaminar nuclei is to the projection of reticular nucleus, and cortex is to the projection of reticular nucleus, and both exist the corresponding relation of launching position, makes both pulse grantings can carry out excitement and integrates, the neuronic activation of common activation reticular nucleus.

3. the neuron of 2. 3. thalamic reticular nucleus, carries out Descending Projections to formatio reticularis mesencephali.This projection does not carry specifying information, provides feedback to encourage mainly to the neuron of formatio reticularis mesencephali, can continue to carry out with the round granting maintaining oscillating loop.But the specificity of grouping location may be had, i.e. a certain group of neuron projecting to reticular nucleus of intralaminar nuclei, with reticular nucleus project one group of neuron to formatio reticularis mesencephali, belong to same truck.

3. 2. 4. like this, brain work time, between formatio reticularis mesencephali and thalamus come and go pulse distribution process be: formatio reticularis mesencephali certain or certain group neuronal activation, to intralaminar nuclei granting, the one group of neuronal activation making it project; The neuron of intralaminar nuclei, to reticular nucleus granting, makes by the neuronal activation projected; (intralaminar nuclei provides lock-out pulse to cortex simultaneously); The neuron of reticular nucleus, to the neuron granting of the correspondence of formatio reticularis mesencephali, activates the neuron of formatio reticularis mesencephali again.So, between formatio reticularis mesencephali and thalamus, according to the projection relation of " formatio reticularis mesencephali → intralaminar nuclei → thalamic reticular nucleus → formatio reticularis mesencephali ", form the closed-loop that a cyclic provides " the formatio reticularis mesencephali ← → thalamus " of action potential pulse, as shown in figure 12.This loop, by the oscillating loop that its working forms is a kind of round granting, by the control loop that its function is again a kind of cooperation control, so applicant is referred to as " thought system lock-out pulse oscillating loop ", be called for short " thinking oscillating loop ", or " thought system control loop ", is called for short " thinking control loop ".

3. 2. 5. intralaminar nuclei, to while reticular nucleus projection, also carries out Ascending Projections to cortex, i.e. " non-specific import into " projection of cortex.This projection is diversity, namely few to many projections, but actual have position corresponding relation, each subregion of intralaminar nuclei, Ascending Projections is to the corresponding bigdos of in cortex, (visual sense feeling district, audition sensory region, tactile sensation district etc., and the multiple association cortex districts carrying out thinking etc.); One group of neuron in a certain subregion of intralaminar nuclei, Ascending Projections is to a certain partial nerve unit in this corresponding great Qu of cortex; The a certain neuron of intralaminar nuclei, Ascending Projections is to one group of neuron in this part of cortex.When the specific neuron of intralaminar nuclei activates being subject to the up granting of formatio reticularis mesencephali, the neuron projected to cortex carries out pulse granting, define the synchronization motivationtheory signal of the neuron thinking activities of cortex, the activity of cortical neuron is activated in an orderly manner one by one successively, form step-type chain type activation and thinking, (lock-out pulse plays the sequencing contro effect of clock signal in the central processing unit being similar to electronic technology field).Simultaneously, by the different neuron of intralaminar nuclei to the different neuronic pulse granting of cortex diverse location, also control thinking activities to carry out and switch between the different neuron of cortex, define " attention " sensing transfer in same class communication channel in thinking activities.(see describing of part 2 " essence of thinking and consciousness " part).

Meanwhile, cortex also forms Descending Projections to intralaminar nuclei, and projects to reticular nucleus simultaneously, and this Descending Projections is polymerism, and namely multipair few convergence projection, contrary with Ascending Projections, but its projection relation is identical in position.Cortex, to the Descending Projections granting of intralaminar nuclei and reticular nucleus, forms excited excitation to the neuron of intralaminar nuclei and reticular nucleus, although be not the principal element determining that it activates, affect its excited speed integrated, thus have impact on the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of whole loop.When cortex produces thinking activities, cortex carries out feedback granting to intralaminar nuclei and reticular nucleus, is integrated and accelerates intralaminar nuclei and the neuronic activation granting of reticular nucleus, thus improve the oscillatory rhythms of oscillating loop by excitement.

The neuron coming and going projection between intralaminar nuclei and cortex belongs to aminoacid serotonergic neuron, the granting of its single neuron action potential pulse is not enough to projected cortical neuron is directly activated and triggering action potentials by excitement, collaborative irritability excitation can only be produced, the neuron of cortex needs other excited cooperative exitings stimulated, (other the neuronic excitements activated before the chain type activation pathway of also i.e. thinking stimulate, and the neuronic excitement of other modularities stimulates), just integrate triggering action potentials by spatial integration and time.But aminoacid serotonergic neuron can produce synaptic plasticity in granting action, its projection relation (being also connecting structure) can produce modification along with neuron activity, so, neuron between intralaminar nuclei and cortex, may not be the effect that lock-out pulse is provided, but take part in memory and the integration of information.

3. the 2. 6. corticopetal projection of intralaminar nuclei and granting, with the projection granting of cortex to intralaminar nuclei, although also there is round pulse granting, but its essence does not form oscillating loop, and be the thinking oscillating loop of " formatio reticularis mesencephali ← → thalamus " on intralaminar nuclei node to extension.If cut-out thalamus contacts with the projection of cortex, the oscillating loop of " formatio reticularis mesencephali ← → thalamus " still can maintain vibration, conversely, if cut off the projection contact between " formatio reticularis mesencephali ← → thalamus ", then thalamus is provided with being formed between cortex to come and go.Wherein, the corticopetal pulse granting of intralaminar nuclei, defines the synchronization motivationtheory signal of cortical neuron thinking activities, and cortex is to the feedback granting of intralaminar nuclei and reticular nucleus, also forms feedback to the work of thinking oscillating loop, and may form impact to its oscillatory rhythms.

3. the neuron work of 2. 7. formatio reticularis mesencephali, decide the oscillatory rhythms of thinking oscillating loop, which the group neuron that also control formatio reticularis mesencephali carries out pulse granting to intralaminar nuclei.Owing to lacking more detailed anatomical documentation, applicant cannot determine in formatio reticularis mesencephali at present, to the neuron of intralaminar nuclei Ascending Projections, be with the neuron receiving reticular nucleus Descending Projections, same group of neuron or two groups, front and back neuron? applicant is partial to be have two groups, front and back neuron.But no matter be same group of neuron or two groups, front and back neuron, this part neuron of formatio reticularis mesencephali, (1), the excitement of reticular nucleus Descending Projections excitation needing to receive the excitement from several respects and modulation signal simultaneously, comprising:, proceeding for maintaining the vibration integrating oscillating loop; (2), from other modularity nerve nucleus and the modulating action from other control loops, for modulating the speed that neuronic excitement is integrated, thus modulate the oscillatory rhythms of whole oscillating loop; (3) the exciting signal of truck and cortex Descending Projections path, is inputted from each, for the excitement degree (may sequential be also had) according to each truck, first certain the group neuron controlling a certain truck activates, to intralaminar nuclei granting; (4), from the neuronic inhibition modulation of the different communication channel of formatio reticularis mesencephali, when first activating to intralaminar nuclei granting pulse for making formatio reticularis mesencephali group neuron, suppress the neuron of other communication channels cancellated can not activate granting again within this pulse period simultaneously.The exciting signal of these several respects and modulation signal carry out integration and compare and synergistic result, make thinking oscillating loop at synchronization, formatio reticularis mesencephali can only have one group of neuron in a certain communication channel to carry out lock-out pulse granting to intralaminar nuclei, thus make at synchronization, intralaminar nuclei can only have one group of neuronal activation and a certain partial nerve unit in corticopetal a certain subregion carries out lock-out pulse granting, it is encouraged to produce thinking activities, and feedback simultaneously projects sensory cortex, self-perception is carried out to thinking, produces " consciousness ".So, brain is by the grading control of " formatio reticularis mesencephali-thalamus-cortex ", define and only lock-out pulse is provided to a certain partial nerve unit of cortex thought system at synchronization, to encourage the neuron of this part to carry out thinking activities, point to monistic " attention " that this forms thought system.This is also the Forming Mechanism that thought system " attention " is pointed to.

3. the input transmission channels of information.And brain will be analyzed how control that " attention " point to and switching are carried out to various information, also need the transmission path understanding various information input channel.The information processing of brain comprises outside sensory information and the perception process to internal body information, with the mainly external information process that thinking is relevant with " attention ".And two aspects are comprised to the perception process of external information: one is extraneous various sensory informations, and comprise vision, audition, olfactory sensation etc., come from various sensory input, difference feels to have different input transmission channels; Two is average informations that brain produces at thinking process, the Descending Projections that the relay cell coming from cortex produces in thinking activities, and the cortex of zones of different has respective Descending Projections path.For the input transmission channels of various sensation, research is before many, here only for the vision of wherein more complicated and audition input channel, analyzes itself and the incidence relation of thinking with " attention ".

3. the input transmission channels of 1. visual information.According to current anatomical research, the neuronic output of amphiblestroid multiple visual sense feeling and optic nerve, be divided into two large transmission paths after optic chiasma.(the human brain visual channel signal projective structure schematic diagram with reference to Figure 13).

Article 1, the neuron of vision transmission path is a lot, form larger tractus opticus, what transmit is the visual information comprising particular content, primary visual cortex is projected again by the pregeniculate transfer of thalamus, belong to " specificity imports into " projection of cortex, visual information is converted to locus by time encoding and frequency coding and encodes, complete various visual information (shape, size, position, color, brightness etc.) preliminary identification, (with reference to above " 2. cognitive working mechanism "), associating optic cortex is projected again in many-to-one mode, complete the identification to visual object.Afterwards, for direct visual information (concrete object, image, picture etc.), directly project that association cortex carries out remembering, thinking and response activity, and for relating to the visual information of word, then project the cortex of " reading maincenter ", complete the identification to word, then project imformation memory and thinking activities that association cortex carries out language.Associating optic cortex directly can also project motor cortex.Motor cortex and cerebellum (seeming to also have striatum) etc. form motor system, motor system does not belong to thought system, both can control by the output of thought system, also can directly reflect according to visual information without the need to thought system controls and control muscular movement, also the learning and memory of combining and reaction treatment can be carried out, (memory here that is to say so-called " procedural memory "), completes the unconscious most of actions carried out in our daily life.

The neuron of the Article 2 vision transmission path after optic chiasma is less, but reality is prior, and this transmission path in fact at least comprises three aspects: (1), project to hypothalamus.Bright with dark information in the just visual information that this projection is transmitted, reflex circuit is formed by hypothalamic coker, tuberal nucleus, the nipple core etc. looked, up to thalamus and the extensive region of cortex, the descending projection carrying out modularity to brain stem and spinal cord etc. again, (belonging to histaminergic neuron), in order to form Circadian rhythm and to carry out the control of sleeping and awakening.(2), project to pretectal area, then project to formatio reticularis mesencephali.This projection does not comprise concrete visual information, also i.e. non-specific projection, be presence or absence and the intensity of transfer vision information, (should be the transmission being realized information strength by the granting frequency of action potential), so this Nervons projection, applicant calls that " report " formula projects.This " report " signal projects the visually row of channels of formatio reticularis mesencephali, and project other inhomogeneities cancellated feel that " report " signal of (audition, olfactory sensation etc.) carries out " competition " with same, if the visually row of channels that network structure projects to thalamus can be activated, be " causing " cancellated " attention ".There is neuron Descending Projections pretectal area to eyes simultaneously, in order to feedback regulation crystalline lens, is regulated the light intensity entering eyes by pupillary reflex.(3), project to superior colliculus.Superior colliculus has with primary visual cortex and neuronicly connects modulation each other, and superior colliculus also has neuron Descending Projections to the oculomotorius of eyes simultaneously, carries out that eye is dynamic to be controlled.So, applicant infers that the effect of superior colliculus is when visual information is subject to " attention ", control which part concrete " lime light " of vision being placed on visual information, also be which position in the visual field, and the control that superior colliculus is dynamic to eye, just the focus of eye lens is incident upon on which position amphiblestroid.

Obviously, the (2) and (3) " attention " of two aspects just with thinking relevant, wherein project to pretectal area the (2) aspect be cause network structure to visual information " attention ", and projection to superior colliculus the (3) aspect vision " lime light " invested which position in the visual field.It is worth mentioning that: superior colliculus does not need through cortical motor areas and cerebellum to the projection of oculomotorius, and directly control the eye action of eyes.When having a dream, there is neuron activity in thought system, but the output of the kinetic system such as motor cortex and cerebellum is suppressed, body action can not be produced, only have oculomotorius both can be subject to the control of motor system, directly can be subject to again the control of network structure and superior colliculus, the reason of action, the action that goes out to lose face when this that is to say daydream so the activity (dreamland) can following thought system goes out to lose face.(separately have below and carry out describing to daydream).

3. the information input channel of 2. audition is similar with this, as shown in figure 14: Article 1 audition transmission path (lateral lemniscus pathway) passes through medial geniculate body relaying from cochlea, to primary auditory cortex projection, for transmitting the auditory information comprising particular content; Article 2 audition transmission path (the outer path of fillet), from superior olivary nucleus branch, projects to reticular formation of brain stem, and this transmission path does not comprise concrete auditory content, just transmits presence or absence and the intensity of audition, belongs to the projection of " report " formula yet.This " report " signal carries out " competition " at network structure " report " signal with other inputs, to cause network structure to " attention " of auditory information.Article two, audition transmission path connects each other at inferior colliculus, inferior colliculus has neuron mutually to get in touch with primary auditory cortex simultaneously, so, applicant infers that the effect of inferior colliculus is when auditory information is subject to " attention ", controlling which part main " lime light " of audition being placed on auditory information, is also the sound of which position and which frequency band.The input channel of other information (sense of touch, olfactory sensation and somesthesia etc.) with visual channel and auditory channel similar, no longer describe here.

3. and for brain when carrying out thinking, the projection process of the average information that the relay cell activity of association cortex produces, does not have the correlational study of this respect at present.Applicant researchs and analyses, this average information is except projecting to other relay cells to continue thinking activities, also deposit projection both ways: feedback projection is carried out in corticopetal associating sensory region on the one hand, make the average information produced in thinking activities by perception again, (also being carried out remembering and integrating in some cases), define brain and namely also " consciousness " is formed to the self-perception of thinking activities, (see part 2, the content of " essence of thinking and consciousness " part); Carry out Descending Projections on the other hand, (aminoacid can be neural), this Descending Projections is the projection of multipair few polymerism, i.e. movable common activation descending neuron of multiple relay cell in cortex, and should be have grouping specific, namely the different grouping of cortex has respective projection tract, and (this grouping is not limited to the region analysis anatomically defined, but the formation of neuron long term activity of earthquake plasticity, so be called that grouping is more suitable).The result of polymerism projection, it is the specifying information that this superframe signal does not comprise neuron activity, and whether just transmit the corresponding neuron divided into groups in activity, and the active degree of activity, (speed being provided frequency by action potential is transmitted).Each projection tract that these cortex are descending, after relaying, (relaying carries out signal integration and is again polymerized), enter into reticular formation of brain stem, become the projection of " report " formula, carry out " competition " with other report signals, to cause network structure to " attention " of the cortical neuron activity of this grouping.This cortex of thought system to the meaning of cancellated Descending Projections path is, when the cortex of this grouping is when carrying out thinking activities, this " attention " can maintain formatio reticularis mesencephali and thalamus continues to carry out lock-out pulse granting to the cortex of this grouping, to continue the carrying out of the thinking activities maintaining this grouping.

3. the 4. control of " attention ", maintenance and switching.According to the research and analysis of applicant, the control that in thinking activities, " attention " is pointed to and switching, not in the past recognize in order that produce at the cortex of telencephalon of information processing top layer, go other parts controlling brain again, but produce on formatio reticularis mesencephali and switch, then the neuron activity in other regions such as upload control thalamus and cortex.What thought system " attention " was pointed to switch in two aspects carries out: what formatio reticularis mesencephali was responsible for is which communication channel " attention " sensing is switched to, i.e. " attention " which kind of information; What thalamus was responsible for is which particular location " attention " pointed in this communication channel, i.e. which part of " attention " this category information; And cortex especially akrencephalon association cortex just under the control of " attention ", carry out concrete information processing.

3. 4. 1. network structure control that " attention " is pointed to.As aforementioned, various information passage, comprise the neuron activity of extraneous input communication channel passages such as () vision, audition, olfactory sensation and cortex thinking passage, have the nerve after polymerism (multipair few) is integrated to export to project to formatio reticularis mesencephali, the presence or absence that these projection tracts transmission of information stimulates and intensity (provide frequency by action potential and carry out transfer strength), and do not comprise concrete information content, belong to the projection of " report " formula.Formatio reticularis mesencephali have multiple side by side carry out to thalamus the Upstream driver path that projects, corresponding these " report " formulas from each communication channel that receive project, and these Upstream driver paths arranged side by side project alternately each other and suppress mutually, there is the phenomenon of similar " competition ": be carved with when a certain certain group neuron be subject to excited activate and up to thalamus carry out pulse provide time, it exports to produce the neuron of other paths simultaneously and suppresses, the neuron of other paths cannot reactivation be exported within the same pulse period, monistic " attention " defined in formatio reticularis mesencephali aspect is pointed to.

As within a pulse period, which group neuron can be activated and up granting lock-out pulse, then depend on the co-integration of several signal: the signal (1), from nonspecific " report " formula of each information input channel projected, (this signal is main, and its signal power plays a decisive role); (2), from the lock-out pulse granting of thalamic reticular nucleus Descending Projections, (proceeding for the vibration maintaining oscillating loop, also because which form each pulse period); (3), from other neururgic modulating actions such as brain stem and hypothalamus, (for modulating the oscillatory rhythms of whole oscillating loop); (4), from other neuronic inhibition modulation of network structure, (for carrying out " competition "); These signals jointly carry out excitement and integrate, cause within a pulse period of oscillating loop, always there is certain to organize neuronic excitement and integrate first triggering action potentials and activating, be equivalent to its " report " compete and successfully replied and cause " attention ", export on the one hand to the up granting lock-out pulse of intralaminar nuclei so it activates, immediately the neuron of other paths is produced on the other hand and suppress, make them reactivation export.Afterwards, in the pulse period of the next pulse of the descending granting of thalamic reticular nucleus, above-mentioned integration and competition process are carried out once more.Go round and begin again, make within each pulse period, formatio reticularis mesencephali has and only has " report " of a truck compete successfully and cause " attention ", and uply carry out driving pulse granting to intralaminar nuclei, by the lock-out pulse projection required for information processing to this truck, achieve the control of " attention " sensing " which kind of " information to thinking activities.

3. 4. 2. thalamus control that " attention " is pointed to.People, the major function of thalamus is relaying, comprises information relay and lock-out pulse relaying.What be responsible for information relay is " specificity relay nucleus group ", mainly comprises lateral nuclear group, ventral nuclear group and geniculate body nuclear colony, for carrying out relaying and primary treatment to the information input of polyesthesia (vision, audition etc.); Also have ventral anterior nucleus and ventral lateral nucleus, for the average information of transmitting movement system.These specificity relay nucleus are rolled into a ball corticopetal projection and are belonged to " specificity imports into ", and responsible lock-out pulse relaying is so-called " non-specific core group ", in fact the granting of lock-out pulse has specific projection relation, so also there is specificity, only lock-out pulse provide specificity but not the specificity of information content.The relay nucleus of lock-out pulse roll into a ball the lock-out pulse granting receiving network structure Ascending Projections, (cholinergic nerve projection), and it exports a side shoot on the one hand and projects reticular nucleus, then Descending Projections gets back to reticular formation of brain stem formation closed loop oscillating loop; The output of these relay nucleus group is also to multiple region project such as cerebral cortex and basal nuclei, limbic system and cerebellum on the other hand, (namely so-called non-specific import into), carry out the granting of synchronization motivationtheory pulse, the neuron in excitation and these regions of cooperation control carries out the information processing such as thinking and motion.

Analyze according to existing anatomical documentation, at thalamus, the relay nucleus group relevant with synchronized-pulse control mainly comprises anterior nuclear group of thalamus, sections inner side nuclear colony and intralaminar nuclear group.Wherein anterior nuclear group and medial nuclear group accept the granting of the lock-out pulse of brain stem pedunculopontine reticular tegmental nucleus and lateral dorsal nucleus, its output projects to part cerebral cortex and limbic system (especially Hippocampus and corpus amygdaloideum) cortex, is mainly used in memory and the integration of the average information controlling thought system and emotional system; And intralaminar nuclei, accept the lock-out pulse granting of formatio reticularis mesencephali, it exports the extensive region projecting akrencephalon basal nuclei, striatum and cortex of telencephalon, information processing for Collaborative Control thought system is also thinking activities, the motion process of the part motor cortex also having the hard to bear thought system of energy to control.Wherein main " attention " control access that take part in thought system with intralaminar nuclei: when the cancellated a certain information upstream projection tract of midbrain neuronal activation and to intralaminar nuclei correspondence position neuron provide lock-out pulse time, this part neuron of intralaminar nuclei activate by up lock-out pulse granting, its aixs cylinder exports provides lock-out pulse so that the mode of dispersing projection is up to the corresponding neuron of cortex, make the cooperative exiting that can be obtained lock-out pulse by this partial nerve unit projecting granting, form excited integration and carry out chain type activation, namely thinking activities is carried out.(the corticopetal mutual granting of intralaminar nuclei see 3. 2. 5. part description).And the side shoot projection of thalamic reticular nucleus dash receiver kernel and the feedback of cortex thinking passage relay cell project, more descendingly carry out feedback projection to formatio reticularis mesencephali.

So, formatio reticularis mesencephali, intralaminar nuclei and thalamic reticular nucleus constitute " attention " control loop of thought system, receive the signal of " report " formula projection of each communication channel, again synchronization motivationtheory pulse granting is carried out, to carry out the control that thinking " attention " is pointed to which partial nerve unit of which communication channel of thought system.As shown in figure 15, the signal projection of each passage as shown in figure 16 for its concrete neuron projections.Which group neuron that wherein the up granting of formatio reticularis mesencephali decides intralaminar nuclei can activate output, and neuronic activation of this group of intralaminar nuclei exports which the partial nerve unit that decide cortex and can carry out information processing.What formatio reticularis mesencephali was responsible for is that " attention " is pointed to be switched to which communication channel, i.e. " attention " which kind of information; And thalamus is responsible for is that the partial nerve where " attentions " pointed in this communication channel is first, i.e. which part of " attention " this category information; And brain association cortex is responsible concrete information processing (thinking and memory), and by this processing procedure of sensory cortex oneself perception, also namely produce oneself's " consciousness ".Such as, formatio reticularis mesencephali controls " attention " to point to visual information, and thalamus controls " attention " which object in visual, and association cortex is then be responsible for identifying this object, and simultaneously by the activity of sensory cortex perception association cortex, " consciousness " is to the existence of this object.

3. the maintenance of 4. 3. " attention ".When a thinking process is when carrying out, the cortical neuron activity of this thinking passage is in excitatory state, these neuronic activation actions, except continuing to provide forward to carry out except chain type activation, also simultaneously by the projection of gathering, produce the superframe signal that two-way is descending: the feedback of first via downstream signal is issued to intralaminar nuclei, being integrated by excitement makes intralaminar nuclei be continued to provide to this passage by next synchronous pulse, chain type can be proceeded with the neuron maintaining this passage to activate, first via downstream signal is also sent out side shoot simultaneously and is projected thalamic reticular nucleus, oscillating loop is impelled to proceed, (especially during high rhythmic oscillations), second road downstream signal is the projection carrying out " report " formula to formatio reticularis mesencephali, maintains formatio reticularis mesencephali to the continuation " attention " of this passage by competition.This two-way Descending Projections signal jointly maintains thinking control loop and points to " attention " of this passage, and this that is to say the working mechanism that " attention " of thinking activities maintains.

3. the 4. switching of " attention ".Cause " attention " sensing appearance to switch, probably have this several situation following.

(1), the content of thinking activities changes.In thinking process, the information content of original thinking is associated or is transformed into otherwise information, also namely the neuron activity of original thinking path reflexes to otherwise neuron due to integration, the neuronal excitation of this part is caused to activate, and this part neuronic activation, two-way Descending Projections signal is produced according to same mechanism, feedback projects intralaminar nuclei on the one hand, make intralaminar nuclei be continued to provide to this partial nerve unit by next synchronous pulse, maintaining this partial nerve unit can continue activity; Another aspect is descending carries out " report " projection to formatio reticularis mesencephali, if this partial nerve unit does not belong to same thinking passage with original thinking, has then attracted formatio reticularis mesencephali to " attention " of new tunnel.So far, " attention " of thinking is pointed to, switches between different thinking.

(2), the competition of external input information.In thinking process, if there is the input of external information, (what is seen, what is heard, what is felt, etc.), can its input channel can be carried out " report " to formatio reticularis mesencephali by non-specific transmission, as cause " attention ", then will see its signal intensity.If input information is strong, (such as see unexpected thing, hear harshness, be subject to sharp, etc.), this action potential that can be reflected in its " report " signal is provided in frequency, so the neuronic excitement of this communication channel can be made to integrate faster and trigger the activation, to the up granting lock-out pulse of thalamus, and " attention " passage is before suppressed simultaneously, be also " competition " success and obtain " attention " that formatio reticularis mesencephali inputs this information.So far, " attention " of thinking is pointed to, is switched in the process to this external input information.

(3), the impact of other modulation path.In thinking process, the impact of the modulation signal of other modulation path, the state of such as kinetic system, the emotion influence of emotional system, the burst change of internal organs and hormonal system, the effect of ethanol, medicine, drugs and other chemical substances, etc., all may impact the neuron activity of each communication channel, thus have impact on formatio reticularis mesencephali " attention " of various communication channel is controlled, cause the switching that " attention " is pointed to.

(4), the neuron operation irregularity of " attention " control access.The effect carrying out suppressing mutually between each information upstream projection tract of particularly formatio reticularis mesencephali occurs abnormal.In this case, when a certain truck successfully causes " attention " and in the process of carrying out information processing, if at this moment cannot maintain, other trucks are effectively suppressed, just other trucks may be caused to occur unexpected activation and cause " attention ", at this moment " attention " cannot continue to maintain on a certain truck by formatio reticularis mesencephali, but carries out improper switching in different communication channel.This is macroscopically, show as focus on difficulty and persistence of attention of short duration, brain cannot be absorbed in something, becomes a kind of psychological problem, i.e. " attention " defect.(the mental sickness part seen below, the description about " attention " defect (ADD)).

3. 4. 5. summarize it, thinking control loop points to " attention " of thought system and controls, maintains and switch.Wherein formatio reticularis mesencephali be responsible for by information processing " attention " sensing " which kind of " information: by the lock-out pulse provided up and down between " formatio reticularis mesencephali ← → thalamus ", input signal strength (action potential granting frequency) with various external information and average information compares integration, cancellated Upstream driver pulse is changed to the subregion of intralaminar nuclei granting and packet positions, to select to turn to " which kind of " communication channel, (such as, point to vision, audition, sense of touch etc., or point to the average information passage that cortex is carrying out thinking).And thalamus is responsible for " which part " in " attention " of information processing sensing same class communication channel: when certain group neuron of a certain subregion of thalamus is subject to the pulse excitation of the up granting of network structure, its neuronal activation the part neuron projected in cortex provide synchronization motivationtheory pulse, being integrated by excitement makes this partial nerve unit in cortex carry out chain type activation and thinking activities, thus " attention " that control thinking activities is pointed in the information corresponding to this part neuron, (such as, " attention " which individual in visual information, " attention " which sound in numerous sound, " attention " content in which in thinking activities).And cortex is responsible for concrete information processing: the relay cell that association cortex correspond to each information word, under the granting excitation of thalamus lock-out pulse, to carry out orderly stepping one by one or by group successively to activate, formation chain type activates, and realizes brain to the identification of information, thinking, reaction and memory function, (such as, Who is that over there, what that sound says, what that problem is, etc.); And project sensory cortex simultaneously, by the activity of sensory cortex perception association cortex, formed and namely also " consciousness " is formed to the self-perception of thinking activities, (such as, recognize the existence of that people, recognize that sound, recognize what thinking " I " is carrying out, etc.).

3. the 4. 6. switch speed of " attention " and brain electricity " N400 " current potential.For normal thinking activities, owing to being carry out chain type activation between the related Neurons of association cortex, what rely on is the excitation of the lock-out pulse that thalamus is provided to cortex, so thinking can be carried out with speed faster, when having enhancement modulation (being in excitement or nervous thinking), the stepping rate that the chain type of thinking activates can reach more than tens steppings per second, and also namely each stepping is consuming time less than 100 milliseconds.But, for the switching that " attention " is pointed to, no matter be between the different sensory informations of the onrelevant from the external world, or between the different content of thought of the onrelevant from thinking process, or switch between inside and outside different information, a certain information will obtain new " attention ", the neuron of this communication channel is needed first to activate granting, project formatio reticularis mesencephali through polymerization again to carry out " report ", excited to integrate and " attention " passage before following is competed is carried out again at formatio reticularis mesencephali, the ascending nerve competing this passage of formatio reticularis mesencephali successfully carries out projection to intralaminar nuclei again and provides, intralaminar nuclei carries out lock-out pulse granting with the neuron that this information is relevant again in cortex, at this moment could produce with the relevant perception of this information or thinking, cause " attention ".So the speed that " attention " switches is slow, its estimation consuming time is about hundreds of millisecond.

Applicant infers, brain carries out " attention " and to point to when switching the neururgic change of control loop that causes and delay between the different information not having relatedness, the producing cause of Hz ERP " N400 " in EEG research just: read silently one section of sentence and end of the sentence is semanteme there is no a word of relatedness time, or when presenting the two complete incoherent pictures of width, namely brain does not have between two of relatedness kinds of different information what cannot associate yet, carry out the switching of " attention ", cause delaying and changing of the lock-out pulse granting of thinking control loop, create " N400 " phenomenon of brain electricity Evoked ptential." attention " due to thought system is pointed to and is occurred in the input perception of information, identification and intermediate treatment link, and have nothing to do with movement output, so " N400 " that Wernicke aphasia is also sensory aphasia patient can not produce, and " N400 " that Broca aphasia is also motor aphasia patient can produce.

3. the 5. rhythm and pace of moving things change of thinking oscillating loop and the impact on brain work.

3. the change of the 5. 1. granting rhythm and pace of moving things of thinking oscillating loop.Thinking oscillating loop forms continuable lock-out pulse by the circulation granting of " formatio reticularis mesencephali → intralaminar nuclei → thalamic reticular nucleus → formatio reticularis mesencephali ", the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of this oscillating loop, the granting frequency of lock-out pulse in other words, be subject to impact and the modulation of multiple signal, form with this passive change and active accommodation that oscillating loop provides the rhythm and pace of moving things.These modulation signals comprise: (1), from the Descending Projections of cortical neuron.When intralaminar nuclei provides lock-out pulse to cortex, if the neuron of cortex is carrying out thinking activities, then cortex can carry out feedback granting to intralaminar nuclei and reticular nucleus, accelerates the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of loop.(2), from the Inter Modulation of the neuron activity of other brain core group.Such as, from the modulation of " emotion " processing system (another information processing system in brain), when excited, by the impact on oscillating loop neuron activity, the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of loop can be accelerated.(3), from the Inter Modulation of " the lower ring control loop " of " reticular formation of brain stem (center district) ← → hypothalamus "." lower ring control loop " is responsible for controlling and regulating the endocrine of human body and the work of internal organs, its duty defines the health of human body, the duty of lower ring control loop can be modulated thinking control loop, so the change of health also can form impact to the oscillatory rhythms on thinking road.(4), the impact of neuromodulator, medicine.Such as, ethanol, medicine etc. can affect neuromuscular juinction and the integration of circuit neuron, thus affect the oscillatory rhythms of loop.

3. the relation of 5. 2. thinking oscillating loop oscillatory rhythms and brain duty.The oscillatory rhythms of thinking oscillating loop, also namely thalamus provides the rhythm and pace of moving things of lock-out pulse to cortex, decides the duty of human thinking system.

(1), when the lock-out pulse granting rhythm and pace of moving things is greater than 14 hertz, cortical neuron excitement integration and activation are very fast, and neural activity enlivens, and brain is in the state of the exciting or quick thinking of anxiety.If be also subject to the synergism of the modulation signal of other modulation path simultaneously, aminoacid serotonergic neuron can also be made to produce memory effect.(in the cortex of hippocampal formation, the lock-out pulse excitation of the high rhythm and pace of moving things can make aminoacid serotonergic neuron break out the action potential of the V1.2 hypotype of high threshold, makes neuron produce long term synaptic plasticity, forms long-term memory.See the description in the Burst mechanism of neuron different subtype action potential in the description of applicant's No. 2014106066977 patent applications).

(2), when the lock-out pulse granting rhythm and pace of moving things is 8-13 hertz, at this moment neuronic film integrate and moving speed medium, brain is in state that is clear-headed, quiet or that close one's eyes, there is no concrete " attention " point, do not carry out nervous thinking activities, thinking fragment may be produced, but the content of thinking process is not remembered mostly.

(3), when the lock-out pulse granting rhythm and pace of moving things is 4-7 hertz, integrate although the excitement excitation of lock-out pulse still can make the partial nerve unit of cortex carry out excitement and activate, but excited integration slowly, neuron activity is inactive, coherent activation chain cannot be formed, although so at this moment brain also exist " consciousness ", blunt to various irritant reaction, thinking is fuzzy, and cannot remember the content of thinking process.Before brain is felt just before going to bed, or very sleepy, or when physical condition is very poor, belong to this situation.

(4), when the lock-out pulse granting rhythm and pace of moving things is 0.5-3 hertz, although at this moment thalamus still provides lock-out pulse to cortex, but because the pulse granting rhythm and pace of moving things is very low, gap periods between pulse is oversize, (hundreds of millisecond is to thousands of millisecond), make cortical neuron can only produce film excitement, but the film of excitement integrates the activation threshold value that cannot reach action potential all the time, so there is not the situation of sustained activation and transmission in the neuron of cortex, so at this moment brain loses " attention " and " thinking " activity, also just without " consciousness ".Under the state that this situation appears at brain deep sleep (i.e. S sleep) or stupor or anesthesia.

(5), lock-out pulse provides the rhythm and pace of moving things is 0, also namely the action potential granting of the thinking oscillating loop of brain stops completely, and at this moment the neural activity of midbrain, thalamus and cortex stops, to stimulation not reaction, brain loses Premium Features, belongs to the brain death medically defined at present.It should be noted that, although electroencephalogram is isoelectric level straight line in this case, namely brain wave is not received, but in fact just thinking oscillating loop stopped lock-out pulse granting, if brain death mainly causes due to cerebral hypoxia ischemia, and the brain death time is not very long, in this case the most neurons of brain does not still lose cytoactive, so, at this moment organism does not still thoroughly lose biological activity, if the normal blood supply oxygen supply to brain can be recovered, suitable electric pulse stimulation is applied to the neuron of the key link of oscillating loop simultaneously, still also neuronic action potential granting is likely again encouraged, recover the round granting of oscillating loop, reactivate the work of brain.

It should be noted that, thalamus provides the rhythm and pace of moving things of lock-out pulse to cortex, although decide the speed of cortex thinking activities, but the stepping rate that the neuron chain type being not equal to thinking activates, the excitation of several lock-out pulse simultaneously may be needed just to complete excited integration (integration of temporal summation) this is because neuronic action potential triggers, and neuron is once trigger granting, due to the reason of synaptic facilitation, then easily produce continuous multiple action potential granting, so both not one to one.

3. 6. more modulation path on the impact of thinking.Thinking is the activity of cortical neuron, this process is subject to the restriction of the syndeton of related Neurons, (these syndetons are also the structure of imformation memory, comprise knowledge, event, experience etc., this is the basis forming memory), be subject to the real-time control of the synchronization motivationtheory pulse of thought system " attention " control loop, the step-type chain type forming single path activates simultaneously, and this activity is also subject to the modulating action of some other modulation path.The modulating action that these modulation path produce, control in real time unlike lock-out pulse, but it is slow and lasting, by affecting the activity of the release of the neuronic mediator of chain type activation pathway, absorption and ion channel, affect film to integrate and action potential granting, thus thinking activities is had an impact.

3. 6. 1. emotional system on the impact of thinking.Brain emotional system receives multiple input information, comprise the outer aobvious sensory information such as vision, olfactory sensation, audition, sense of touch, also the average information of thought system is comprised, also comprise the non-outer aobvious sensory information from internal body, produce various sensation, and export various modulation signal by various monoaminergic nerve core group, act on thought system, thinking (thinking) is affected.The relay cell of thought system is when carrying out chain type and activating, even if accept same from exciting signal above and the same synchronization pulse from thalamus, but because the neuronic suffered modulating action of rear class is different, film is caused to integrate different with action potential trigger condition, cause triggering different rear class neurons, chain type is activated carry out towards different directions, (such as: a → b → c or a → b → d), thus produce different thinkings.So in the face of same thing, under different emotions, brain can produce different result of thinking.(emotional system except on thinking formed impact, also widely on motor nervous system unify endocrine, visceral nervous system formed impact, this will later separately describe).

3. the modulating action of 6. 2. sleep and awakening.Control the modulation signal that brain carries out sleeping and awakening, mainly come from hypothalamic histamine nerve nucleus.Vision Afferent Projections from amphiblestroid transmission Lighting information looks coker to hypothalamic, reflex circuit is formed with tuberal nucleus, nipple core etc., produce the signal of Circadian rhythm change, then intermodulate with the signal of network structure oscillatory rhythms, export the modulation signal controlling sleep and awakening.This modulation signal is up to thalamus, cerebellum, limbic system and cortex (comprising sensory cortex, association cortex, motor cortex etc.), descendingly to project widely to brain stem and spinal cord, neuronic activity is modulated, in order to carry out the control of sleeping and awakening.Its effect is mostly inhibition modulation, to reduce neuronic active level.Such as, suppress extraneous and the input of the various sensory informations of body by the path projected to sensory cortex, thinking activities is suppressed by the path projected to thalamus and cortex, various movement output is suppressed by the path projected to cerebellum and spinal cord, the internal organs of body and endocrine activity is regulated by the path projected to hypothalamus and brain stem, etc.When these modulation path can normally produce or stop modulating action together, brain can normally be changed in sleep or wakefulness, and when the modulating action of these modulation path inharmonious inconsistent time, brain then can be caused to occur various abnormal and interesting performance, such as, have a dream, sleep-walking, insomnia.(the other generation mechanism to these phenomenons carries out describing later).

3. 6. 3. brain biochemical environment on the impact of thinking.The existence of the multiple biochemical substances inside brain and concentration constitute the biochemical environment of brain.These biochemical substances comprise two large classes: a class biochemical substances is secreted by body self, for the various organ of regulating and controlling body and the work of system, i.e. and hormonal system, (reality also comprises various neurotransmitter and neuromodulator).Another kind of biochemical substances is not that body self produces, but the existence of these biochemical substances of body perception and content, by hypothalamus one with the reaction treatment of nerve nucleus, go each organ of regulating and controlling body and the work of system.Oxygen in such as blood, carbon dioxide, blood glucose, ethanol, various medicine and drugs, etc.If the reaction treatment of this two classes biochemical substances is combined, the Biochemistry Reaction System of brain also can be referred to as.

Brain biochemical environment on the modulation of thinking and impact, mainly through two large approach: one is by the impact on network structure neuron activity, have impact on the round oscillatory rhythms of thinking oscillating loop, thus have impact on the neuron activity state of thought system.(referring to the relation of 2. thinking oscillating loop oscillatory rhythms and brain duty " 3. 5. ").Two is by each the core group of monoaminergic nerve unit on hypothalamus, midbrain, diencephalon, (Hippocampus is comprised to thalamus, cortex, the actual cortex of cerebellum also comprising motor system) project various modularity neuron, carry out the neuron activity that directly modulation affects thought system.Brain biochemical environment is on the impact of thinking, due to biological qualitative diversity and complexity, its impact is not often isolated the having an effect of single channel, but number of ways comprehensive function, both have impact on the duty of thinking oscillating loop, by modulation neuron, relevant range is modulated again, collaborative generation effect.

3. 6. 4. visceral nervous system on the impact of thinking.The visceral nervous system of brain, carries out perception by visceral sensory nerve to the duty of each internal organs, carries out reflection process, then gone the work of regulating and controlling internal organs by sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nervous by some nerve nucleus of brain stem, hypothalamus etc.The work of visceral nervous system, is affected thinking activities by two approach: one is also the link at reticular formation of brain stem, affects, thus have impact on the thinking activities of thought system to the thinking oscillating loop of thought system.Two is the biochemical environment by have impact on brain, then is affected by the thinking of biochemical environment on thought system.(see above 3. 6. content 3.).

3. " Hippocampus " average information process loop of 7. thought system." formatio reticularis mesencephali-intralaminar nuclei and reticular nucleus-cortex " to be that thalamus is topmost relate to the widest control loop, and " attention " of carrying out thought system is pointed to and the control of duty.Also there is the very important control loop of another one in thalamus, namely be the synchronized-pulse control loop of " reticular formation of brain stem-nucleus anterior thalami and mediodorsal nucleus-thalamic reticular nucleus-reticular formation of brain stem ", and " Hippocampus " average information process loop of cingule gyrus construction idea system together with Hippocampus dependency structure with cortex.This process loop is both relatively independent, but be alternatively the branch belonging to thinking control loop, play refinement and supplementary function, it is not directly involved in identification to various objective sensation information and cognition, and only relate to intermediate treatment and the integration of the average information of the thought system after associating sensory cortex, especially relate to the impermanent memory (in short-term journey and long-term memory) of average information.

3. 7. 1. the Nervons projection structure of this loop as Figure 17.Wherein reticular formation of brain stem (seemingly the core group of tegmen of midbrain) carries out projecting (cholinergic neuron) to nucleus anterior thalami (and mediodorsal nucleus), nucleus anterior thalami projects to thalamic reticular nucleus, reticular nucleus carries out descending feedback projection to reticular formation of brain stem, formed the circulation oscillating loop of " reticular formation of brain stem-nucleus anterior thalami-thalamic reticular nucleus-reticular formation of brain stem " with this, formed the round granting of driving pulse.This oscillating loop carries out synchronization motivationtheory pulse granting (aminoacid can be neural) at nucleus anterior thalami (and mediodorsal nucleus) to cortex cingule gyrus, the Descending Projections of the oriented nucleus anterior thalami of cingule gyrus and thalamic reticular nucleus, " attention " control loop that the granting of its synchronization motivationtheory pulse and control mechanism are formed with formatio reticularis mesencephali-intralaminar nuclei etc. is similar.In information transmission process, other cortical area of brain especially association cortex and cingule gyrus have two-way projection widely, and cingule gyrus follows the entorhinal area of hippocampal formation to have two-way projection, realizes the bi-directional process of information with this.Inner at hippocampal formation, the information of input hippocampal formation carries out integration process by the loop of " entorhinal area-dentate gyrus-CA3-CA1-subiculum cortex-entorhinal area ", again project entorhinal area and output to cingule gyrus again, realize integrating process to the middle of information of cortex with this, in fact in the middle of this, integration processes is exactly the annexation between neuron with timing.The subiculum of Hippocampus has the Descending Projections directly to reticular formation of brain stem, and by hypothalamus nipple core indirectly Descending Projections, these play the effect being similar to " report form " and projecting.When " attention " sensing is switched to " Hippocampus average information treatment channel " by " attention " control loop of thought system, namely also the neural activity of thought system concentrates on hippocampal formation relevant average information when integrating process, and this treatment channel of Hippocampus is used for " attentions " control of the detail of thinking process and the integration process to average information and declarative information.

3. 7. 2. the particularly important is, the information processing of hippocampal formation is also subject to the control of the Septum Medialis of septal area and the Nervons projection of diagonal band nuclei simultaneously, and the Nervons projection of Septum Medialis and diagonal band nuclei belongs to cholinergic nerve, its neuromuscular juinction has quick and strong characteristic, controlled neuron can be made to form strong film excited, and break out the high threshold action potential of V1.2 hypotype, thus produce neuronic synaptic plasticity, (STDP plasticity), forms memory effect.(this point refers to the content of " 4. 6. the neuron of different neurotransmitter at the not same-action of brain information process " part below).So, under the control obtaining " attention ", during the integration process of neuron underway the information of hippocampal formation, directly can produce synaptic plasticity and form memory, be i.e. so-called Hippocampus memory.Notice that this point is different with the neuron work of thought system on association cortex: at the information processing passage of association cortex, in the middle of it, the direct projection directly not accepting the cholinergic nerve of formatio reticularis mesencephali is integrated in neuronic information transmission, but the control of the synchronization motivationtheory pulse provided by intralaminar nuclei, and intralaminar nuclei is aminoacid serotonergic neuron to cortical projection, the same with the neuron of information processing passage, its neuromuscular juinction is not fast with strong, be difficult to the high threshold action potential triggering V1.2 hypotype in most instances, and just trigger the Low threshold action potential of V1.6 hypotype, action potential just carries out unidirectional delivery to aixs cylinder and forms thinking activities, and back transfer cannot be carried out to cell space and dendron, so cannot synaptic plasticity be produced.These neuronic memory effects need the synapse recurring structure change depended between neuron connection, generation synaptic remodelling even generates new synapse etc. and changes neuronic syndeton, this change needs time of more growing and more sign stimulus, but once it is higher to form its stability, so the memory that thought system is formed on association cortex can be described as longterm memory or permanent memory.And the memory that hippocampal formation is formed depends on the Long-term plasticity of synapse, can be formed fast, but stability is lower, expiry date is shorter, is called long-term memory or impermanent memory.

3. 7. 3. the process of brain formation declarative memory is: when new declarative information input brain association cortex, under the control that " attention " is pointed to, information passed through cingule gyrus, entorhinal area before this to hippocampal projections, under the neural lock-out pulse provided at Septum Medialis and diagonal band nuclei cholinergic nerve of aminoacid energy on hippocampal formation encourages, rely on the interface channel that STDP synaptic plasticity forms information processing, also namely produce impermanent memory; If this information is repeatedly inputted or is recalled, aminoacid serotonergic neuron then on association cortex is subject to excited stimulation repeatedly, produce the structural change of Synaptic junction relation, also be synaptic remodelling, comprise the extinction of synapse and generate new synapse, form the direct channel of information processing, also namely produce longterm memory.And cortical neuron is once form direct channel, information transmission is just no longer by the indirectly interface channel of hippocampal formation, indirect interface channel then on hippocampal formation just weakens, ultimate failure owing to not having information transmission, and related Neurons discharges for setting up new impermanent memory.So hippocampal formation plays crucial and indispensable transit bridge beam action when forming impermanent memory and being converted into longterm memory, but longterm memory is finally be kept on cerebral cortex.This Hippocampus impermanent memory needs a process to the conversion of cortex longterm memory, relevant with frequent degree with the dependency of information, the time of sign stimulus.When these cholinergic nerve core of septal area group provides insufficiency of function, just the ability that hippocampal formation is formed and maintains memory can be affected, cause amnesia, and during Hippocampus excision, such as famous amnesiac patients H.M., its brain cannot form new longterm memory, the retrograde memory loss of memory time of occurrence laminarity before.(about Hippocampus memory and cortex memory more detailed description, can application reference people submit application number 2014106066977 Chinese patent application " analog of neutral net and method " description in, the content to the essence of memory and formation, impermanent memory and the different of longterm memory and transform portion).

It should be noted that every core, diagonal band nuclei, also have Meynert basal nuclei also to carry out cholinergic nerve projection to sensory cortex and motor cortex, thus cerebral cortex can directly to external world sensory information and movement output form memory, and to have nothing to do with hippocampal formation.And when these cholinergic nerve operation irregularities, how to affect the work of thought system, comprise inducement mechanism and the process thereof of brain aging and senile dementia, applicant, in addition in the related application of the medicine about treatment brain aging and senile dementia, carries out detailed disclosing.

3. the work of 7. 4. hippocampal formation, is also subject to the modulation of the Nervons projection from emotional system corpus amygdaloideum simultaneously, and from the nucleus ceruleus of brain stem, the noradrenaline serotonergic neuron of midbrain nucleus raphes dorsalis, the modulation of 5-HT serotonergic neuron.This point, it is the same for catching up with and state " 3. 6. more modulation path on the impact of thinking ".

4. the other control system of brain.Except thought system, brain also has other several nervous system, especially kinetic systems.Strictly speaking, kinetic system is the nervous system that animal is more early formed, the action of animal is controlled for environmentally information, to realize looking for food, the activity such as hedging, and thought system essence is on the basis of kinetic system, one that evolves out processes, so that the information consolidation processing system of cooperation control movement output for carrying out integration to various external information especially average information.Just people, due to the appearance of language, this average information processing system is evolved extremely complicated and careful, seem more important.

4. 1. kinetic system.Motor cortex-cerebellum-striatum-spinal cords etc. form the kinetic system of brain, for controlling body athletic performance according to input information, and carry out learning and memory to this process.Wherein motor cortex carries out reflecting or reacting according to input information, the action message that output region is position encoded, under the synergism action of cerebellum, the control signal of output time coding and frequency coding, by pyramidal system Descending Projections to spinal cord, control muscle and complete various concrete action.

4. 1. the input information of kinetic system comprises two sources, aspect: one is the direct projection deriving from sensory cortex, comprise vision, audition, sense of touch, olfactory sensation etc., the sensory information of motor cortex perceptually cortical projection, directly reflect and react, comprise unconditioned reflex, trained reflex and the association response by learning and memory, control muscle and carry out athletic performance, this control has nothing to do, so be the control not needing " attention " and " consciousness " with thought system.Most of actions that we just complete in daily life unconsciously, just belong to this.Two be the relay cell deriving from association cortex thought system output projection, be the Output rusults of human thinking activity.We are under the state having " consciousness " to have " attention ", according to needs or the result of thinking, " think " will what do, just belong to this initiatively.

There is the action of " consciousness " through repeatedly using (also namely learning), the procedural combination of actions be made up of multiple action with successively sequential relationship can be formed, and form memory, also i.e. so-called " procedural memory ".At this moment, procedural acts combination just without the need to " attention " of thought system and can control, once acceptable conditions stimulates, just can unconsciously complete after startup, so, there is " consciousness " action also can be converted into without " consciousness " action.The various habitually actions of our daily life study, comprise various skill, such as walk, have a meal, swim, skate, by bike and so on, are undertaken learning by this mechanism, remember, be finally converted into unconscious technical ability.(description see below).

4. 1. 2. for the reflex loop of movable information by stricture of vagina body, the one theory proposed by Parent (1996) very popular is at present thought: there are two neural circuitry between cortex-stricture of vagina body-thalamus, i.e. direct loop and indirect loop, the Nervons projection of direct loop is " inside cortex-stricture of vagina body-pallidum part/Substantia nigra reticulata-intralaminar nuclei-cortex ", the Nervons projection that indirect loop is is " cortex-stricture of vagina body-pallidum surveys part-nucleus ventralis anterior thalami-cortex inside part/Substantia nigra reticulata-end thalamus-pallidum outward ", these two loop combineds effect export in same nervus motorius, the same action of cooperation control.When dopamine (DA) nerve of black substance plays modulating action to these two loops simultaneously, produce normal athletic performance, when DA lacks, indirect loop is only had to work, the motorial irritability of cortex is declined, and this relates to initiation and the execution of athletic performance, so it is slow to cause motion can not or move, also i.e. parkinson disease (Parkinson ' s disease, PD).

Applicant, through researching and analysing, does not admit this theory, but thinks: these two neural circuitry existed between cortex-stricture of vagina body-thalamus represent the different motor control of " conscious action " and " unconscious movement " two kinds.Wherein: (1), directly loop representative is the control loop of " conscious action ", the movable information process main channel of its loop is made up of aminoacid energy nerve, projection loop is " cortex-stricture of vagina body-pallidum (mainly inner side part)-intralaminar nuclei-cortex ", and the dopamine neuronal of black substance just carries out modulating action to this loop.Direct loop is through intralaminar nuclei, and intralaminar nuclei is controlled by thought system " attention " sensing control loop, its synchronization motivationtheory pulse is provided by formatio reticularis mesencephali, formatio reticularis mesencephali relates to audition, the input of the various sentient sensory information of vision and thinking process, competition and reaction, (referring to the content of " control mechanism of 3. human thinking activity " part), what relate to has " attention ", also the neural activity of " consciousness " is namely had, comprise perception, thinking, speak, write, and the athletic performance of this " consciously "., indirect loop representative be the control loop of " unconscious movement ", the main channel of its loop is made up of aminoacid energy nerve equally, comprises " cortex-stricture of vagina body-pallidum (mainly outside part)-nucleus ventralis anterior thalami-cortex ".The dopamine neuronal of black substance equally just carries out modulating action to this loop, and end thalamus forms the oscillating loop coming and going and provide, carry out synchronization motivationtheory pulse granting by end thalamus to pallidum again, encourage the pallidal neural activity with cooperation control.This indirect loop is not through intralaminar nuclei, so the control without the need to pointing to control loop by thought system " attention ", relate to namely without the need to " attention ", also without the athletic performance of " consciousness ", be also that the various habitually actions in daily life comprise skill.

The main channel of the information processing of indirect loop is be made up of aminoacid energy nerve equally, but this loop is through nucleus ventralis anterior thalami, and nucleus ventralis anterior thalami also accepts the direct projection of the cholinergic nerve every core and diagonal band nuclei of septal area, the driving pulse transmission sent due to cholinergic nerve is rapid, excitation is strong, the neural high threshold action potential triggering V1.2 hypotype of aminoacid energy that it can be made directly to project, both transmitted to aixs cylinder forward, back transfer is carried out again to dendron, and produce synaptic plasticity, thus the memory effect that can create on the Nervons projection path of " pallidum-nucleus ventralis anterior thalami " action message, also i.e. generating routine memory.

And directly loop and indirect loop also carry out crosswise projection pallidum, " conscious action " and " unconscious movement " that make them control separately here carries out coordinating and merging, and define the startup of athletic performance, the mechanism of learning and memory: (1), first new athletic performance be namely started by thought system by direct loop, also and carry out, and is at this moment " conscious action "; (2), after repeatedly repeating or practising, the neural activity of this athletic performance can rely on the memory relation of synaptic plasticity (STDP plasticity) formation to This move the pallidum of stricture of vagina body, is also procedural memory; And procedural memory once be formed, this action has just come by indirect loop, and at this moment " conscious action " just can be exchanged into " unconscious movement ", just without the need to belonging to the participation of the direct loop of thought system and " attention "; (4), in the memory relation that pallidum dependence synaptic plasticity is set up, belong to impermanent memory, (or claiming the memory of stricture of vagina body), if This move proceeds constantly to repeat or exercise, then on motor cortex, the neuron relevant to this action can make due to continuous excited activation the structural change producing Synaptic junction relation each other, comprise the change of synaptic structure and intensity, also comprise the extinction of synapse and generate new synapse, form the cortex memory of athletic performance, also namely produce longterm memory (or claiming permanent memory); And cortex memory once be formed, this athletic performance is just no longer by the indirect path of stricture of vagina body, and this passage related Neurons just just can discharge the impermanent memory for setting up other new elements.So the impermanent memory that stricture of vagina body (mainly pallidum) is forming movement memory (being also procedural memory) plays crucial and indispensable transit bridge beam action with being converted in longterm memory.If stricture of vagina body damages, then brain just cannot form new movement memory, and movement memory before also there will be the retrograde memory loss of time laminarity.The Forming Mechanism of the memory (procedural memory) of this athletic performance, with the impermanent memory of declarative memory and the Forming Mechanism of longterm memory, is about the same.(see above the content of " Hippocampus " average information process loop of thought system " 3. 7. " part).

The neural modulating action to the stricture of vagina body path of athletic performance of DA as black substance, and black substance is impaired when causing DA effect not enough, how affecting the startup of athletic performance and carry out, applicant will carry out openly in addition about the Parkinsonian patent application for the treatment of.

4. the synchronized-pulse control loop of 1. 3. kinetic system.The synchronized-pulse control loop acting on kinetic system is not mentioned in cranial nerve research in the past, but applicant thinks, kinetic system equally needs lock-out pulse to encourage activity neuronic with cooperation control, and its synchronized-pulse control loop exists independent of thought system.Both have similar structure and working mechanism, and existence crosses one another, because the action of " consciously " that thought system exports needs to project motor system to perform, and the part output action of kinetic system also projects thought system by its " attention ".

The control loop of thought system forms oscillating loop by " formatio reticularis mesencephali ← → thalamus " to carry out coming and going granting, this loop is stretched out by intralaminar nuclei and carries out the round granting of lock-out pulse with cerebral cortex, with excitation and the activity controlling cerebral cortex neurons, as above 4. 1. 2. analyze, this control loop also relates to kinetic system control by " conscious action " of stricture of vagina body direct loop part.In addition, applicant analyzes, because kinetic system further comprises motor cortex-stricture of vagina body loop and cerebellum two large divisions, its synchronized-pulse control is also divided into two parts, but two parts existence interknits: (1), in motor cortex " unconscious movement " part by stricture of vagina body indirect loop, its synchronized-pulse control loop forms oscillating loop by " tegmentum network structure ← → end thalamus " to carry out coming and going granting, (cholinergic nerve); Stretched out carried out the round granting of synchronization motivationtheory pulse with stricture of vagina body (mainly pallidum) by subthalamic nucleus (its effect is similar to the intralaminar nuclei of thalamus) again, (aminoacid can be neural), to encourage and to control the pallidal neuron activity of stricture of vagina body; Pallidum carries out the feedback projection of polymerism to the network structure nuclear colony (seemingly rubrum or entopeduncular nucleus, its effect is similar to the reticular nucleus of thalamus) of end thalamus, then Descending Projections is to tegmentum network structure, the vibration of maintenance loop.(2), motor system is at the synchronized-pulse control loop of cerebellum part, the oscillating loop forming " tegmentum network structure ← → nucleus basalis " by midbrain vestibule or tegmentum network structure and nucleus basalis carries out coming and going to be provided, (cholinergic nerve), nucleus basalis carries out synchronization motivationtheory pulse by climbing fiber to the Purkinje cell of cortex of cerebellum again and comes and goes and provide, (aminoacid can be neural), to encourage and to control the activity of cerebellar slice.And from the interconnection undertaken by granular cell and Purkinje cell of MF of pontine nucleus group, be only the path that the transmission of movable information and integration comprise learning and memory.(the signal projective structure schematic diagram with reference to the kinetic system control loop of Figure 18).

Two parts synchronized-pulse control of motor system, although there is different projection passages, but both are unified (being at least close ties) in the origin and tegmentum network structure of lock-out pulse granting, make both pulse grantings there is rapport, the signal exported with the action realizing motor cortex and cerebellum keeps coordinating.(in other words, the synchronized-pulse control of motor cortex and the synchronized-pulse control of cerebellum, essence be the same synchronized-pulse control loop of motor system two issuer to?).

The lock-out pulse that kinetic system synchronized-pulse control loop is provided to motor cortex and cerebellar projection, applicant infers that its effect is: (1), motor cortex export space encoding actuating signal, project the neuron that cerebellum tightly arranges, under the synergism of lock-out pulse, be converted to the output signal of time encoding and frequency coding, carry out athletic performance accurately to control muscle.(2) the working mechanism, by " attention " being similar to thought system being formed and switch, the action coming cooperation control motor cortex and cerebellum exports, the contradiction avoiding occurring that action exports and conflict.(3), by the granting rhythm and pace of moving things of lock-out pulse, the rhythm and pace of moving things is provided in the pulse that controlled motion cortex and cerebellar neuron export, thus controls the speed of body athletic performance.(be similar to thought system and provide by lock-out pulse the step rate that the rhythm and pace of moving things controls thinking activities).

4. 1. 4. motor cortex (comprising two loops by stricture of vagina body) is the output area of kinetic system, motor message is exported by the descending output fiber of pyramidal system, control body and carry out various motion, but the program specifically how completed for each athletic performance and details, then coordinated by cerebellum.The information of motor cortex process remains locus coding, namely transmit according to the neuron activity of the diverse location of space structure and reflect various action message, the output of motor cortex projects simultaneously and is input to cerebellum, cerebellum is under the synergism of lock-out pulse, being Time Of Release by the convert information of this space encoding, the action potential pulse different with providing frequency is provided, and (parallel signal being similar to electronic technology is converted to serial signal.This conversion process inputs the processing procedure of the transformation from serial to parallel projecting optic cortex from lateral geniculate body with feeling to input such as vision, seem just contrary), and as the output signal of cerebellum, again cortex (or spinal cord) is projected, synergism action is carried out with the output signal of cortex, finally be integrated into the motorial output signal of each bar, by providing the time order and function (time encoding) of action potential pulse to controlled muscle and providing frequency (frequency coding), control the contraction of this muscle in athletic performance or lax time and dynamics, realize the coordination to athletic performance and accurately control.So, this part motor system be made up of motor cortex and striatum, primary responsibility be " what does " action, it is the combination of actions of the sequencing be made up of multiple action, comprise with the relevant combination of actions of the output of thought system, and the learning and memory of these actions (i.e. sequencing memory).And cerebellum is responsible for is " how doing ", by completing various action to the accurate control of muscle, (part directly body reflection and reaction action may be comprised).Applicant infers, people is evolved to from animal, because cerebellum stores a large amount of control handss and the precise information of finger muscles coordination exercise, and have recorded a large amount of motion details of the action (comprise and speak and write) that implementation language exports, so just result in the sharply increase of corpus of cerebellum sum neuronal quantity.

4. 1. 5. kinetic system is subject to the control of the modulation signal of some nerve nucleus in hypothalamus and brain stem too.Comprise the dopaminergic Nervons projection from black substance, from the Nervons projection of the noradrenaline energy of locus coeruleus, from the Nervons projection of the 5-HT energy of network structure medial area, etc., the effect of these modularity signals is the neural duties of controlled motion, to match with the duty of thought system and visceral endocrine system and to adapt.

4. 2. visceral nervous system.By visceral sensory nerve, perception is carried out to each internal organs duty, carry out reflection process by some nerve nucleus of brain stem, hypothalamus etc., then gone the work of regulating and controlling internal organs by sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nervous.According to existing anatomical documentation, the major nerve core group of visceral nervous system, at hypothalamus, comprises the lateral hypothalamic region and back zone that control sympathetic reaction, stimulates this region palpitating speed, blood pressure can be caused to raise, breathe the reactions such as increase; Control anterior hypothalamic region and the medial area of parasympathetic reaction, the reactions such as heart beating slows down, peripheral blood vessel expansion that stimulate this region to cause.Below seeing 4. 1. part content.

4. 3. Biochemistry Reaction System (comprising immunity-hormonal system).By the content of endocrine substance various in perception body and non-endocrine biochemical substances, be with by information projection to upper hypothalamus one, by the reaction treatment of its nerve nucleus, then feedback goes control the secretion of various endocrine substance or regulate the work of internal organs.According to current anatomical documentation, the major nerve core group of Biochemistry Reaction System is at epithalamus (such as pinus) and hypothalamus subregion (depending on coker, paraventricular nucleus etc.).Owing to lacking detailed anatomical documentation, cannot be described in detail specific works process.

4. external information process loop and internal information process loop.Various for brain information processing, according to the control mechanism of organism to external information and internal information, is summarized as two large loops, i.e. " external information control loop " and " internal information control loop " by applicant.The former includes thought system and kinetic system, perception is carried out to various external information (vision, audition, olfactory sensation, sense of touch etc.) and integrates process, and export control signal body movement action is controlled, (comprise and speak and write this special motion); The latter comprises visceral nervous system and Biochemistry Reaction System (comprising immunity-hormonal system), perception carried out to the information (internal organs duty, endocrine substance, non-endocrine biochemical substances) in various body and integrates process, and exporting control signal internal organs, immunity-hormonal system are controlled.The former activity is due to can by the perception of thought system institute, so can have consciousness and consciousness, the latter then mostly cannot by the perception of thought system institute, so be imperception and unconscious; The former nerve nucleus mainly concentrates on the opposite upper parts of the physical location of brain, so also can be described as " upper ring processing loop ", be called for short " upper loop ", the nerve nucleus of the latter mainly concentrates on brain opposing lower portions, so also can be described as " lower ring process loop ", be called for short " lower loop ".In the inside of same loop, relatively directly and obviously, and between inside and outside two loops, also there is the effect of phase inter-modulation in the excitement impact between each system and modulating action.Wherein go up before being operated in of loop and have description, below lower loop is described.

4. the formation of 1. internal information control loop (lower loop).Mainly comprise visceral nervous system, Biochemistry Reaction System (containing immunity-hormonal system) and the control loop between them.Because the quantity of information of the various internal information of body is less, information change is slow, so the perception input of its information, identify, memory, reaction, to export the neuronal quantity of various links controlled all less, mostly do not form independently nerve nucleus, but be gathered in same core group.

Wherein the signal projection of visceral nervous system as shown in figure 19.On the one hand, in spinal cord position, the simple reflex arc of forming section internal organs, carries out feedback control to visceral motility, and on the other hand, visceral sensory fiber concentrates on vagus nerve and enters brain stem by spinal cord and mainly project nucleus solitarius.Nucleus solitarius is the main relay nucleus group of visceral sense information, and it exports a road and projects dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, forms the rudimentary reflex loop in brain stem aspect of visceral nervous system, sends out by dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve the work that Visceromotor nerve removes to control internal organs; Another road directly projects the regions such as hypothalamus NPO, paraventricular nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, transmits visceral sense information; Also have a road to project reticular formation of brain stem LHA, especially comprise inner and outer parabrachial nuclei, the other core of interior outer webs is sent out cholinergic nerve and is projected to hypothalamus.Hypothalamic output, then by dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, sends out the work that Visceromotor nerve removes cooperation control internal organs.Applicant infers that visceral nervous system has synchronized-pulse control loop equally, its loop is formed primarily of " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus ", wherein the path transmission that projects directly to hypothalamus of nucleus solitarius is splanchnesthetic specifying information content, and is do not comprise the projection of specifying information " report " formula to the projection that reticular formation of brain stem LHA carries out; And reticular formation of brain stem LHA (especially comprising the other core of interior outer webs) is the synchronization motivationtheory pulse of control loop to the cholinergic nerve that hypothalamus projects; Meanwhile, hypothalamus also carries out Descending Projections to reticular formation of brain stem LHA; Also be " lower ring oscillation loop " with the oscillating loop that this forms the round granting of " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus ".

So, in brain, the visceral nervous system controlling visceral motility comprises two large loops: one is the rudimentary reflex loop in brain stem aspect be made up of " internal organs (sensation) nerve → nucleus solitarius → dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve → internal organs (motion) are neural ", is felt respectively by simple directly reflex loop and is reflected the activity of each internal organs; Two is the associated reflex loops be made up of " reticular formation of brain stem LHA ← → hypothalamus ", accept various internal organs feel import into, and accept the modulation input of other nervous system of brain (thinking nervous system, kinetic system, emotion nervous system, endocrine nervous system), after Combined Treatment, the activity of the rudimentary reflex loop of brain stem is encouraged and modulated, thus balance control is carried out to the work of internal organs, such as, regulate the frequency and amplitude of breathing, regulate the speed of heart beating, regulate blood pressure etc.Owing to lacking data, applicant cannot infer the oscillatory rhythms of this oscillating loop, but judge from the rhythm and pace of moving things of heart beating and the rhythm and pace of moving things of thinking oscillating loop, estimation is lower, (may lower than 3 to 4 hertz), and, also cannot infer whether this control loop follows the control loop of thought system to be the same working mechanism.Visceral nervous system also receives the modularity Nervons projection of some modularity nerve nucleus of brain stem, and as the noradrenergic nerve from locus coeruleus projects, the 5-HT from nucleus raphes dorsalis and superior central nucleus can Nervons projection.

And the information processing core of Biochemistry Reaction System is in epithalamus and hypothalamus subregion, and supposition has a control loop equally, be made up of " reticular formation of brain stem (may be LHA or center district)-epithalamus (and hypothalamus subregion) ".Because the anatomical documentation of Biochemistry Reaction System (comprising hormonal system) this respect is little, so cannot be described in more detail.

4. the phase inter-modulation of loop is 2. descended.Lower loop comprises visceral nervous system and Biochemistry Reaction System (containing hormonal system), maintains close ties with and interact between these two systems, the common Collaborative Control formed internal body viscera organ and endocrine work.Because these two systems are closely related with the health status of body, if specific works process and the mechanism of these two systems can be disclosed, and the phase inter-modulation relation between them, just to the origin cause of formation of various internal organs and cryptorrhea disease and treatment, the directive significance of shooting the arrow at the target can be brought.This respect applicant intends in other patent application open, no longer sets forth here.

4. 3. upper and lower the interacting of loop.It influences each other and modulates and carries out mainly through following two aspects.

(1), the influencing each other of neuron activity of upper and lower loop.Because the core link of two control loops is all on reticular formation of brain stem, if the network structure neuron activity of a certain loop is more active, the network structure neuron activity contention of nutrient substance (blood oxygen, blood glucose, various neurotransmitter and modified and synthesis material etc.) being affected to another loop can be caused, and can modulate another loop by modularity nerve nucleus, thus have impact on the work of another loop.Wherein descend loop on the modulation of upper loop and impact, can see above 3. 2. 7., 3. 5. 1., 3. 6. 3., the 3. content of 6. 4. part.And upper loop is on the impact of lower loop, is the internal activity of health due to what relate to and reacts slowly, so more hidden.Such as, when brain is in nervous thinking, the oscillatory rhythms of thinking oscillating loop is accelerated, and providing action at the neuronal activation of this link of reticular formation of brain stem increases, the job insecurity of lower loop can be affected, thus negative effect is caused to internal organs and hormonal system.And when thought system neural activity declines, such as, during deep sleep, thinking oscillating loop oscillatory rhythms is very low, slow at the neuron activity of network structure link, be conducive to the work of lower loop, internal organs and hormonal system are restored.

(2), carry out two-way modulation by emotional system.Applicant thinks, the emotional system of brain directly connects inside and outside two loops, extensively receives the information of two loops, carries out two-way modulation conversely to their work, so that the adaptation enabling body more coordinate and tackle the change of various interior external information.This will carry out independent description below.

4. 5. emotional system.Applicant once repeatedly hung back and emotional system is divided in upper loop still descends loop, because emotional system can either directly receive various external information, (comprise vision, audition, the external informations such as olfactory sensation and average information be " event " such as), also various internal information can directly be received, (comprise the information of biochemical substances in internal organs working condition and body, although at this moment the thought system of our brain " is not known "), significantly impact can either be produced to thought system and motor system, (the talking nonsense such as during excitement, excitation time strength of action increases), also significantly impact can be produced on internal organs and hormonal system, (such as palpitating speed during excitement, time frightened, adrenal hormone increases, with one's hair standing on end), afterwards when analyzing the phase intermodulation effect of inside and outside two loops, just understand that organism connects two loops by emotional system just, for carrying out coordination and two-way modulation to their work.

According to existing anatomical documentation, the major nerve core group of emotional system is corpus amygdaloideum.The signal projection of the input and output of corpus amygdaloideum is as Figure 20.Wherein input projection to comprise: (1), from the input of the average information of cerebral cortex and Hippocampus widely, such as people can be made to move from the content of language or Word message or indignant; (2), from the direct input of the objective sensation information of olfactory sensation and the sense of taste, such as special olfactory sensation or the sense of taste can make people feel happy or feel sick; (visual information cannot directly sway the emotion, and needs the content after identifying to sway the emotion); (3), from lower loop, mainly through the input of internal information of hypothalamus and brain stem projection, such as people can be made to feel painful or feel bad from the exception of biochemical substances in internal organs or body; (4) the signal, from brain stem modularity nerve nucleus inputs.And the output of corpus amygdaloideum and modulating action comprise: (1), to the projection of stricture of vagina body, to affect the neural activity of kinetic system, speed or the dynamics of motion time such as excited or frightened, can be strengthened; (2), to the projection of cortex and Hippocampus, to affect the neural activity of thought system, time such as exciting, thinking is accelerated or easily makes mistakes; (3), to the projection of hypothalamus, nucleus solitarius and dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve, to affect the activity of visceral nervous system and hormonal system, palpitating speed time such as exciting, time frightened, adrenal hormone increases, with one's hair standing on end; (4), to the projection of brain stem, to affect the activity of multiple modularity nerve nucleus, and then affect the work of brain other system further.Can find out from these input/output relations of corpus amygdaloideum and impact thereof, take corpus amygdaloideum as inside and outside two the information processing loops of emotional system close ties of core, coordination and two-way modulation are carried out to their neural activity, thus affects their activity and output, to tackle information change better.Emotional system equally can learning and memory to the input of information and reaction, and its working mechanism is similar with the Hippocampus of thought system.With reference to the working mechanism of other neural reflex systems of brain, applicant infers, corpus amygdaloideum seems also to roll into a ball formation control loop with the core of thalamus and certain projection cholinergic nerve, but owing to lacking anatomical documentation, cannot further describe.

4. 6. the neuron of different neurotransmitter at the not same-action of brain information process.There is multiple different neurotransmitter and membrane receptor thereof in brain, also there are the different neurons of these neurotransmitteies of release, comprises cholinergic neuron, aminoacid serotonergic neuron, monoaminergic nerve unit and neuropeptide neuron etc.Often there is multiple different neuron in a lot of nerve nucleus of brain simultaneously; and form different Nervons projection; and these different Nervons projection both may project same brain district or brain core group jointly; also possibility projection intersected with each other; and; the neuron operation irregularity of different neurotransmitter but can cause same brain function exception or disease sometimes, and these cause puzzlement and mislead all easily to the information transfering path of analysis brain and working mechanism.According to transmission characteristic and the Nervons projection path of various different neurotransmitter, and input in conjunction with the perception of foregoing brain for information, transmit, remember, reflect the working mechanism and control mechanism that export, analyze the not same-action of neuron in brain information process of different transmitter, can better analyze and understand the working mechanism of brain with this.

4. 6. 1. aminoacid serotonergic neuron.Its neurotransmitter comprises glutamic acid (Glu) and the aspartic acid (Asp) of excitatory amino acid, and the gamma-aminobutyric acid of inhibitory aminoacid (GABA) and glycine (Gly).Aminoacid is as neurotransmitter, its transmission channels is easily by impact and the modulation of other mediators, and synaptic plasticity (STDP plasticity) can be formed, so aminoacid serotonergic neuron is the most topmost neuron of fundamental sum of brain configuration information treatment channel.Central nervous system's nearly all information transmission and all main the working in coordination with excitatory amino acid energy and inhibitory aminoacid serotonergic neuron of process path are formed, realize the input of information, transmission, integration, reflection and output with this, and form the brain function of memory, thinking and consciousness.Aminoacid serotonergic neuron is component part modularity nervous pathway also.

4. 6. 2. cholinergic neuron.Its neurotransmitter is acetylcholine (ACh).At nervus centralis, the gated channel reaction of cholinergic neurotransmitter is exceedingly fast, depolarization is pre-existing in without the need to cell membrane, when under resting potential with hyperpolarization, once part and receptors bind just can directly cause gated channel open, calcium ion is interior stream fast, and cause strong film excited, large multipotency directly causes the outburst of action potential.And the aixs cylinder release ACh of cholinergic neuron is of short duration again fast, and after release, ACh is except with receptors bind, also can spread out from synaptic space and be degraded rapidly by acetylcholine esterase, and the ACh also namely discharging post-synapse gap can be removed fast.So, after cholinergic neuron snapping motion current potential, its time of having an effect and failing is all extremely of short duration, and projected rear class neuron can be made to produce the excited also snapping motion current potential of strong film, this is transmission characteristic strongly and fast, cholinergic neuron is made to be mainly used in synchronization motivationtheory in neural activity, especially lock-out pulse oscillating loop is formed, just the pulse granting of cyclic can be formed voluntarily without the need to the synergism of other nervous pathways, and other neural activities are controlled sequential in this, as synchronization motivationtheory signal, the neural activity of brain information process is carried out in order, the sequencing contro effect of the clock signal being similar to electronic computer is played at this lock-out pulse.And if the neuron projected is that aminoacid energy is neural, the excitement excitation that cholinergic nerve is quick and strong, can also make it break out the action potential of high threshold, thus produce synaptic plasticity, form memory effect.The transmission characteristic of cholinergic neuron also makes it be applicable to nervus motorius output, the input of nerve-neuromuscular junction, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and part sensory information and transmission, but is not generally suitable for the direct channel of imformation memory process.

4. 6. 3. monoaminergic nerve is first.Its neurotransmitter is the biogenic amine containing monoamine group.Monoaminergic nerve unit comprises dopaminergic neuron, 5-hydroxytryptamine serotonergic neuron, noradrenaline serotonergic neuron and adrenal neurons and histamine.The effect of monoaminergic nerve unit is modulated neural activity.Especially participate in emotional system, the unify information processing of visceral nervous system of thought system, motor nervous system is modulated.Wherein: (1), norepinephrine (NE) neural mainly can exist the nerve nucleus (such as nucleus ceruleus) of oblongata and pons, project to extensive region such as cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic systems, it acts on mainly inhibition modulation, suppresses the neuron activity of institute projected area.When the effect of NE is crossed strong, can the neuron activity of extra-inhibitory thought system, cause that neuron activity is abnormal to decline, as there is depression.(2), can mainly there is the core group such as superior central nucleus of pons and midbrain nucleus raphes dorsalis by nerve in 5-hydroxy tryptamine (5-HT), project to the extensive region such as thalamus, cerebral cortex, its projected area is similar with NE, but it acts on mainly enhancement modulation, the neuron activity of institute projected area is played and strengthens the excited effect integrated.Easily there is depression when 5-HT is very few, and easily occur mania time too much.(3), neural mainly can there is the nerve nucleus (such as black substance) of midbrain and diencephalon in dopamine (DA), and project to the region such as cerebral cortex and limbic system, its effect is also mainly enhancement modulation.(4), histaminergic nerve is mainly present in the tuberomammillary nucleus of PH, the up extensive region to forebrain, descendingly to project to brain stem and spinal cord, and the modulation of sleeping and awakening mainly is carried out in its effect.The neuronic so-called enhancement of modularity and inhibition modulating action are also nisi, because inherently there is the phenomenon suppressed mutually in the neuron activity of information processing path, aminoacid energy nerve is also divided into irritability and inhibition two kinds, inhibition modulation is carried out to inhibitory neuron, is in fact just equivalent to carry out enhancement modulation to suppressed excitatory neuron.These complicated and cross one another modulation path of monoaminergic nerve unit just, the Nervons projection path of brain is made to seem very complicated, also these complicated and interactional modulating actions just, the thinking activities of brain is made to produce complicated various changes, and create the higher brains such as emotion, emotion, personality, desire, motivation, also have the phenomenons such as daydream and various psychosiss.

4. 6. 4. neuropeptide serotonergic neuron.Its neurotransmitter is macromolecular polypeptides and neuropeptide (SP).Neuropeptide is of a great variety.Its effect produces slowly and lasting, mainly to the physiological activity of brain self neural unit, and regulates the internal organs of body and endocrine work.

Also have purine substance in addition, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide etc., also participate in neuronic activity, form impact to neural activity.

4. 6. 5. other cholinergic nerves of brain project.The neuromuscular juinction of cholinergic neuron has quick and powerful feature, is used as synchronization motivationtheory pulse in neural activity.Except mainly there is reticular formation of brain stem and thalamus, upper hypothalamus etc. form lock-out pulse oscillating loop, brain also has other to send the main core group of cholinergic nerve projection, the Septum Medialis of the septal area of limbic system and the Meynert basal nuclei of diagonal band nuclei, in addition basal forebrain, (basal forebrain complex).Its relevant signal projection is as Figure 21.Projection and the effect of these cholinergic nerve core group comprise: (1), uply to project to cortex especially sensory cortex and motor cortex, carry out cooperative exiting to the integration process of sensory information and movable information, the especially collaborative synaptic plasticity that produces is to form cognition and memory and motor memory; (2), to cingule gyrus and hippocampal formation project, carry out cooperative exiting to the integration process of the average information (i.e. declarative information) of thought system, the especially collaborative synaptic plasticity that produces is to form Hippocampus memory; (3), with corpus amygdaloideum and hypothalamus carry out two-way mutual projection, to carry out phase inter-modulation to work each other, and collaborative formation emotional memory; (4), to the projection of some core of midbrain group.On the other hand, these cholinergic nerve core group is subject to norepinephrine energy, 5-HT energy, the dopaminergic neuromodulation from nucleus ceruleus, midbrain nucleus raphes dorsalis, tegmen of midbrain veutro too.

Septal area and these cholinergic nerve core groups of basal forebrain, and between reticular formation of brain stem cholinergic nerve core rolls into a ball, undertaken coming and going contact by medial forebrain bundle.Owing to lacking more detailed anatomical documentation, applicant does vague, the control that septal area and these nerve nucleus of basal forebrain are subject to reticular formation of brain stem on earth, or reticular formation of brain stem is subject to the control of these core group? based on whom? still work alone toward each other and just interact? from the popularity of the control related to whole brain information process, it is even more important to seem reticular formation of brain stem.

In addition, in inside such as cerebellum, cerebral cortex, striatum, Hippocampus, also there is the short local projection of cholinergic nerve, infer that its effect is the extension of the long projection to accepted cholinergic nerve, play the effect of cooperative exiting equally.

4. the essence of 7. brain.Described in above comprehensive, overall structure from brain: brain is made up of multiple information processing system set such as thinking nervous system, kinetic system, emotional system, visceral nervous system, endocrine nervous system, these system transposition affect, and realize carrying out perception and process to various external information and internal body information with this.From neuronic classification: brain mainly adopts aminoacid energy nerve to come the main channel of configuration information process, adopt cholinergic nerve to produce driving pulse to encourage and sequencing contro information processing, adopt single (group) amine energy nerve and neural peptidergic nerve to carry out various modulation to information processing, jointly realize the Combined Treatment to information with this.From neuronic model of action: brain generally adopts and comes and goes by the neuron of 2 to 5 grades the neural minor loop that projection forms closed loop, integrate with excitement and come and go the mode providing action potential and carry out certain information processing one's own.Simultaneously, for a certain neural minor loop, in loop, the neuron of some node receives the projection of other neural minor loops to realize information input or modulation input on the one hand, in loop, the neuron of some node also carries out projection to realize information output or modulation output to other neural minor loops on the other hand, " all linked with one another " defines huge neutral net, realizes powerful brain function in simple neural activity mode.

The neural minor loop of this round projection only need carry out the process of " one's own " signal integration according to oneself fixing simple model of action, and how complicated the signal " need not comprehending " whole neutral net is, so be conducive to keeping the in stable condition of loop self neural activity, and carry out the various information of input and output by mutual projection crisscross between ring and ring.And, although each neuron is just carrying out simple excited integration and action potential granting, each neural minor loop is also just transmitting information with same simple reflex action and is reflecting, but due to: (1), neural minor loop quantity is extremely huge, (2), neuron has the excited function integrated, integration process can be carried out to the information input of other neural circuitry multiple simultaneously, and this information integration is integrated by film excitement and has accurate analog quantity processing capacity, (3), Nervons projection between neural minor loop inside and neural minor loop, its synapse has the plasticity transmitting usefulness, (4), between each neural minor loop, can cancel or be formed new Nervons projection contact by synaptic remodelling, (5), there is multiple different neuron, with different neurotransmitter and modified, different receptors and different ion channels carry out different nerve action, so, the huge neutral net that these neural minor loops are formed can carry out powerful Combined Treatment to various complex information.Brain, just with the neural minor loop of enormous amount, by the mode of this " all linked with one another ", " infinitely extending ", realizes the process of the information of the magnanimity to various complexity.

Such as, for the nervous system of thinking aspect, the neuron of formatio reticularis mesencephali and thalamus forms bottom loop, form the oscillating loop of synchronization motivationtheory pulse, this loop accepts from the various modulation feeling the information input of input and thinking process, (i.e. report form input), and upwards thalamus is modulated; Thalamus and corticocerebral neuron form intermediate loop, accept the control of the driving pulse of bottom loop on the one hand, control on the other hand by providing synchronization motivationtheory pulse to cortical neuron activity; And between the relay cell of cortex, (comprise sensory cortex-association cortex, association cortex-association cortex, between the neuron of association cortex-motor cortex), mutual projection forms huge top layer loop, the process of various information is carried out in round granting, and descendingly carries out feedback modulation to intermediate loop and bottom loop; The neural minor loop of this three large aspect, being the modulation of the divergence expression of one-to-many from bottom to top, is the modulation of many-to-one gathering from top to bottom, constitutes the neururgic excitation of thinking and " attention " control with this.(seing above the description of face " control mechanism of 3. human thinking activity " part).

And, in biological evolution process, various neural minor loop can correspondingly according to the increase of quantity of information be accelerated, and by the structure of this " all linked with one another ", continue to keep projection mutually, forming almost can the neutral net of infinite expanding, and in the process of expansion, the basic framework of its Nervons projection can keep stable, can keep continuity and the stability of biological evolution.So the brain of people and mouse, the basic framework of its information transmission process is the same, the neuronal quantity of the different just nervous tissues at each position.So, in the work and control mechanism of human brain, play core and pivotal role, remain the reticular formation of brain stem of brain early origin, substrate brain and each thalamus, and akrencephalon and neopallium thereof, just carry out concrete information processing, only due to the sharp increase of quantity of information, cause akrencephalon volume to become very large.

Also just because of the structure of this mutual projection, so, for same abnormality of nerve function or disease, both may be the neuron operation irregularity due to its relevant information processing neural circuitry, and directly cause information processing abnormal; Also may be owing to encouraging this neural circuitry and the neuron operation irregularity of Synchronization Control, making it cannot form normally orderly work; May be also the neuron operation irregularity due to the various modulation path of modulating this neural circuitry, and make it be subject to improper modulation and operation irregularity.When treating these diseases, needing to analyze this, just can obtain more suitably therapeutic scheme.

In addition, applicant is also according to above-mentioned research data, to some phenomenons of brain, comprise brain wave, sleep, daydream, sleep-walking and attention deficit disease, infantile autism, schizophrenia etc., make explanations, the application number can submitted to see applicant is " 2015101775882 ", the patent application that name is called " multi-channel nerve stimulating apparatus and application thereof ", the data appended by description part.

Claims

1., for carrying out a method for brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body, it is characterized in that comprising:

(1), the first output electrode is placed in the position of reticular formation of brain stem LHA, the position of the parabrachial nuclei of LHA (more suitable be); And contact or thrust the neuron at this position; (be more suitably contact or thrust the neuron that parabrachial nuclei projects to hypothalamus);

(3), the first ground electrode is contacted with human body;

(4), in the first output electrode and the second output electrode, provide electric pulse string relative to ground electrode successively, reticular formation of brain stem LHA and hypothalamic neuron are stimulated successively; Described granting successively, what namely the first output electrode and the second output electrode were provided has context in time relative to the electric pulse of ground electrode;

(6), detect the EEG signals of irriate brain simultaneously, if the interval of providing in pulse, continue spontaneous EEG signals to be detected, or find that human body has autonomous vital movement, then stop at the first and second output electrodes and provide electric pulse strings.

2. a kind of method for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:

(7), the 3rd output electrode is placed in the position of reticular formation of brain stem medial area, the position of formatio reticularis mesencephali (more suitable be); And contact or thrust the neuron at this position; (be more suitably contact or thrust the cholinergic neuron that formatio reticularis mesencephali projects to thalamus);

(9), in the 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode, provide electric pulse string relative to ground electrode successively, the neuron of reticular formation of brain stem medial area and thalamus is stimulated successively.

3., for carrying out a device for brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body, comprise main frame, ground electrode and output electrode, it is characterized in that: output electrode includes the first output electrode and the second output electrode; Main frame includes the first output module, the second output module, the first pulses generation module and the first output control module; First pulses generation module for generation of the pulse signal stimulated nervus centralis, and sends to the first output module and the second output module; The output of the first output module is connected to the first output electrode by electrode output, and the output of the second output module is connected to the second output electrode by electrode output; First output control module is for controlling the work of the first output module and the second output module, and what the first output electrode and the second output electrode were exported has relative to the pulse signal of ground electrode the relation successively exported successively.

4. the device for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body according to claim 3, is characterized in that: output electrode also includes the 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode; Main frame includes the 3rd output module, the 4th output module, the second pulses generation module and the second output control module; Second pulses generation module for generation of the pulse signal stimulated nervus centralis, and sends to the 3rd output module and the 4th output module; The output of the 3rd output module is connected to the 3rd output electrode by electrode output, and the output of the 4th output module is connected to the 4th output electrode by electrode output; Second output control module is for controlling the work of the 3rd output module and the 4th output module, and what the 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode were exported has relative to the pulse signal of ground electrode the relation successively exported successively.

5. a kind of method for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body according to claim 1 and 2, or according to claim 3 or 4 a kind of device for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body, it is characterized in that: the electric pulse that the first output electrode and the second output electrode are provided, its pulse frequency is 0.5-3 hertz; The electric pulse that 3rd output electrode and the 4th output electrode are provided, its pulse frequency is 8-40 hertz.

6. a kind of method for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body according to claim 1, or a kind of device for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described electric pulse, by reading the impulse waveform data be stored in inside bin, then be generated as impulse waveform by digital-to-analogue conversion and filtering; And the impulse waveform data inside bin, be the LHA of the reticular formation of brain stem by microelectrode being placed in the normal people of vital signs or other primates neuron on, (on the cholinergic neuron that especially LHA parabrachial nuclei projects to hypothalamus), obtain its pulsed discharge signal, process is amplified and analog digital conversion is data signal, then is stored in inside bin.

7. a kind of method for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body according to claim 2, or a kind of device for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described electric pulse, by reading the impulse waveform data be stored in inside bin, then be generated as impulse waveform by digital-to-analogue conversion and filtering; And the impulse waveform data inside bin, be the medial area of the reticular formation of brain stem by microelectrode being placed in the normal people of vital signs or other primates neuron on, (on the cholinergic neuron that especially formatio reticularis mesencephali projects to intralaminar nuclei), obtain its pulsed discharge signal, process is amplified and analog digital conversion is data signal, then is stored in inside bin.

8. a kind of device for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: described pulses generation module, with positive pulse outfan and negative pulse outfan, can export respectively relative to ground electrode is two kinds of pulse output signals of positive potential and nagative potential; Positive pulse outfan and negative pulse outfan are switched by change-over switch, and the output of change-over switch is re-used as the outfan of pulses generation module, are connected to each output module.

9. a kind of device for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: on main frame for the outfan of the electrode output and each output module that connect each output electrode and between, be added with output control circuit; Electrode output is also connected to the input of a voltage detecting circuit, and the outfan of voltage detecting circuit is connected to voltage comparator circuit, compares with the pulse signal from output module; The outfan of voltage comparator circuit is connected to the control end of output control circuit, is controlled by output control circuit paired pulses output signal.

10. a kind of device for carrying out brain activation to the brain of dead or brain death human body according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: the electrode output for connecting each output electrode on main frame is connected with voltage detecting circuit, voltage detecting circuit is used for the background voltage of detecting electrode outfan; The output of voltage detecting circuit is connected with voltage hold circuit, carries out maintenance memory to the background voltage value that voltage detecting circuit exports; The magnitude of voltage that voltage hold circuit exports is connected to a voltage overlaying circuit; The pulse output signals that pulses generation module exports, superposes with background voltage, is connected to electrode output in voltage overlaying circuit.