CN104823773A

CN104823773A - Straw utilization method for improving yield of overwintering planted zucchini

Info

Publication number: CN104823773A
Application number: CN201510302918.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘华; 刘健; 唐明星; 郭霞旭; 刘玲玲
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-06-06
Filing date: 2015-06-06
Publication date: 2015-08-12

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel straw utilization method for improving the yield of overwintering planted zucchini. The method specifically comprises the steps that zucchini planting rows are ditched and crop straw is buried in advance after greenhouse selection, variety selection and straw preparation and before field planting of the zucchini in October, mulching film laying and straw covering are conducted at the operation rows after field planting of the zucchini, and finally management after zucchini pulling is conducted. The novel straw utilization method has the advantages that the problems that the ground temperature is low, humidity is high, the concentration of carbon dioxide is low and soil hardening and salinization happen during overwintering plantation of the zucchini are effectively solved, the using amount of pesticide and fertilizer is reduced, the occurrence rate of diseases, insect pests and weeds is lowered, the yield is increased by 34.5%, and the zucchini appears on the market 10-12 days ahead of time; meanwhile, compared with a traditional straw bioreactor landfill technology, strain purchase and frequent holing are not needed in the method, the defect that the application cost is too high is overcome on the premise that the straw decay speed is not affected, and the yield-increasing effect is obvious.

Description

A kind of raising is survived the winter and is planted the straw utilization method of custard squash output

Art

The present invention relates to a kind of stalk comprehensive utilization new method on vegetables, particularly a kind of winter warm type big shack that improves is survived the winter the straw utilization method of plantation custard squash output.

Background technology

In recent years, along with carrying forward vigorously of China's modern agriculture, facilities vegetable area expands year by year, become " three is high " industry of high investment, high production, high benefit, but also there are the following problems: 1, soil continuous cropping obstacle is serious, and canopy room is planted, and the soil-borne diseases such as fusarium wilt are serious year after year, use chemical fertilizer in a large number, cause soil compaction salinization of soil.2, because canopy room environmental is comparatively closed, be the temperature keeping vegetables suitable during winter planting, leak informaton the morning comparatively slow, the time less and whole day is leaked informaton, gas concentration lwevel is lower, is unfavorable for that plant nutrition accumulates; Canopy humidity is comparatively large, the generation of insect pest of having wholesome effects.3, during winter planting, canopy room ground temperature is lower, and root growth is bad, is unfavorable for that robust plant grows.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of winter warm type big shack that improves and survives the winter the straw utilization new method of plantation custard squash output.The method not only effectively can reduce plantation custard squash canopy humidity of surviving the winter, and increases gas concentration lwevel, improves ground temperature and soil fertility, reduce agriculture chemical and use, and increases custard squash output and listing ahead of time simultaneously.

For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention proposes a kind of winter warm type big shack that improves and to survive the winter the straw utilization new method of plantation custard squash output, it is characterized in that:

(1) canopy room is selected: select winter warm type big shack;

(2) Fruit variety: Ferrari custard squash;

(3) stalk prepares: choose agricultural crop straw, such as maize straw, wheat stalk, rice straw;

(4) stalk landfill: at the beginning of 10 months, trench digging under custard squash plantation row in canopy, furrow width 70-80cm, dark 25-30cm, trench digging length and row appearance etc., excavation soil divides by equivalent puts ditch both sides, after having ditched, place in ditch and just gather in the crops agricultural crop straw, after having spread, water the dilute urea water one time of 5-10%, then stalk is patted with spade and by earthen backfill, every 667 ㎡ stalk 1500-2000kg.

(5) field planting: October early and middle ten days, field planting custard squash, line-spacing is 60-80cm, spacing in the rows 55-60cm, about every 667 ㎡ 1550-1650 strains.

(6) plastic mulching: interval 1.5m uses steel wire to prop up the high circular arch of 18-20cm, then laying plastic on plantation row.

(7) improving straw mulching: by crushed stalk such as the maize straw of maturation or rice wheats, be then laid on action row, thickness 10-20cm, generally every 667 ㎡ use stalk 400-500kg.Use the method, not only can reduce canopy humidity, can also alleviate to soil packing effect when people walks about, keeping the gas permeability that soil is good, being beneficial to crop root to expanding in the ranks.

(8) pull out garden post processing: in May in the coming year, vegetables pull out garden, by canopy room soil deep tillage, effectively can increase soil organic matter content, strengthen the permeability of soil.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: agricultural chemicals and fertilizer application reduce 30%, and disease pest and weed reduces, and output increases by 34.5% and listing 10-12 days in advance; Simultaneously the method and traditional straw bioreactor are to compared with technology, do not need to purchase bacterial classification, do not need frequent punching, overcome the shortcoming that application cost is too high, and effect of increasing production is obvious under the prerequisite not affecting straw decomposing speed; Open the new way of stalk comprehensive utilization, decrease the pollution of area source that crop straw burning causes, solve the problems such as gas concentration lwevel in protecting field is low, ground temperature is low, soil compaction simultaneously.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.

Embodiment 1

Raising is survived the winter and is planted a straw utilization method for custard squash output, comprises multiple links such as the preparation of canopy room, grow seedlings of vegetable, stalk preparation, vegetable permanent planting and management.Its concrete grammar is as follows: (1) canopy room prepares: the winter warm type big shack of field pumpkin cultivation of should selecting to be suitable in Northern Area of Huaihe River to survive the winter, before carrying out vegetable permanent planting, carry out the inspection of canopy room in time, canopy film upgrade cover, straw screen or mat prepares, soil deep tillage.(2) Fruit variety: select Ferrari custard squash.(3) stalk prepares: the fresh corn stalk of results is transported to base and prepare to use.(4) trench digging and stalk landfill: at the beginning of 10 months, first about 7 days of field planting, trench digging under custard squash plantation row in canopy, furrow width 80cm, dark 30cm, trench digging length and row appearance etc., excavation soil divides by equivalent puts ditch both sides.After having ditched, in ditch, place fresh corn stalk or other crops straws of just results, after having spread, water the dilute urea water one time of 10%, then pat stalk with spade and by earthen backfill.Every 667 ㎡ stalk 2000kg.(5) field planting: October early and middle ten days, field planting custard squash, line-spacing is 80cm, spacing in the rows 60cm, every 667 ㎡ 1600 strains.(6) plastic mulching: interval 1.5m uses steel wire to prop up the high circular arch of about 20cm, then laying plastic on plantation row.(7) improving straw mulching: by crushed stalk such as the maize straw of maturation or rice wheats, be then laid on action row, thickness 20cm.Every 667 ㎡ use stalk 500kg.Not only can reduce canopy humidity, can also alleviate to soil packing effect when people walks about, keep the gas permeability that soil is good, being beneficial to crop root to expanding in the ranks.(8) pull out garden post processing: the May in the coming year, vegetables pull out garden, by canopy room soil deep tillage, effectively can increase soil organic matter content, strengthen the permeability of soil.

Embodiment 2

Raising is survived the winter and is planted a straw utilization method for custard squash output, comprises multiple links such as the preparation of canopy room, grow seedlings of vegetable, stalk preparation, vegetable permanent planting and management.Its concrete grammar is as follows: (1) canopy room prepares: the winter warm type big shack of field pumpkin cultivation of should selecting to be suitable in Northern Area of Huaihe River to survive the winter, before carrying out vegetable permanent planting, carry out the inspection of canopy room in time, canopy film upgrade cover, straw screen or mat prepares, soil deep tillage.(2) Fruit variety: select Ferrari custard squash.(3) stalk prepares: the fresh corn stalk of results is transported to base and prepare to use.(4) trench digging and stalk landfill: at the beginning of 10 months, before custard squash field planting, trench digging under custard squash plantation row in canopy, furrow width 70cm, dark 25cm, trench digging length and row appearance etc., excavation soil divides by equivalent puts ditch both sides.After having ditched, in ditch, place fresh corn stalk or other crops straws of just results, after having spread, water the dilute urea water one time of 5%, then pat stalk with spade and by earthen backfill.Every 667 ㎡ stalk 1500kg.(5) field planting: October early and middle ten days, field planting custard squash, line-spacing is 60cm, spacing in the rows 55cm, every 667 ㎡ 1600 strains.(6) plastic mulching: interval 1.5m uses steel wire to prop up the high circular arch of about 18cm, then laying plastic on plantation row.(7) improving straw mulching: by crushed stalk such as the maize straw of maturation or rice wheats, be then laid on action row, thickness 10cm.Every 667 ㎡ use stalk 400kg.Not only can reduce canopy humidity, can also alleviate to soil packing effect when people walks about, keep the gas permeability that soil is good, being beneficial to crop root to expanding in the ranks.(8) pull out garden post processing: the May in the coming year, vegetables pull out garden, by canopy room soil deep tillage, effectively can increase soil organic matter content, strengthen the permeability of soil.

After using the method, the overall growing way neat and consistent in custard squash field, single plant growing way is healthy and strong, and internode shortens, blade is loose, and color is dark green, than conventional plant height 10-20cm, Blooming 5 days, bear fruit ahead of time, premature ripening 8-12 days, female flower is many and percentage of fertile fruit is high, sugar-preserved gourd is smooth, sturdy, and glossiness is high.Average mu can increase production 34.5%.Pesticide use reduces 30%, and fertilizer application reduces about 50%.

Claims

1. raising is survived the winter and is planted a straw utilization method for custard squash output, it is characterized in that:

(1) canopy room is selected: select winter warm type big shack;

(2) Fruit variety: choose Ferrari custard squash;

(3) stalk prepares: choose agricultural crop straw;

(4) stalk landfill: at the beginning of 10 months, trench digging under custard squash plantation row in canopy, trench digging length and row appearance etc., excavation soil divides puts ditch both sides, after having ditched, in ditch, places agricultural crop straw, water the dilute urea water one time of 5-10% after having spread, then pat stalk with spade and by earthen backfill; Every 667 ㎡ stalk 1500-2000kg;

(5) field planting: October early and middle ten days, field planting custard squash, line-spacing is 60-80cm, spacing in the rows 55-60cm, every 667 square meter 1550-1650 strains;

(6) plastic mulching: interval 1.5m uses steel wire to prop up the high circular arch of 18-20cm, then laying plastic on plantation row;

(7) improving straw mulching: by crushed stalk such as the corn of maturation or rice wheats, be then laid on action row;

(8) garden post processing is pulled out: in May next year, vegetables pull out garden, by canopy room soil deep tillage.

2. a kind of raising according to claim 1 is survived the winter and is planted the straw utilization method of custard squash output, it is characterized in that: the agricultural crop straw described in step (3) is the one in maize straw, wheat stalk, rice straw.

3. a kind of raising according to claim 1 is survived the winter and is planted the straw utilization method of custard squash output, it is characterized in that: the furrow width 70-80cm of the ditch described in step (4), dark 25-30cm.

4. a kind of raising according to claim 1 is survived the winter and is planted the straw utilization method of custard squash output, it is characterized in that: the thickness of the stalk laid in step (7) is 10-20cm.