CN104822637A - 非烧制耐火产品作为大容量工业炉内衬的用途和以所述非烧制耐火产品为内衬的工业炉 - Google Patents

非烧制耐火产品作为大容量工业炉内衬的用途和以所述非烧制耐火产品为内衬的工业炉 Download PDF

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CN104822637A
CN104822637A CN201380005012.7A CN201380005012A CN104822637A CN 104822637 A CN104822637 A CN 104822637A CN 201380005012 A CN201380005012 A CN 201380005012A CN 104822637 A CN104822637 A CN 104822637A
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brick
magnesia
refractory
bricks
magnesium oxide
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CN104822637B (zh
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贝恩德·朔伊贝尔
黑尔格·扬森
汉斯-于尔根·克利舍特
罗尔夫-迪特尔·基齐奥
霍尔格·维尔辛
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Refratechnik Holding GmbH
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    • F27B7/00Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
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Abstract

本发明涉及不含碳载体的、特别是使用压力模制或非模制的、非烧制耐火产品以压制砖或非模制物料的形式作为在氧化气氛或基本上是氧化的气氛中运行的大容量工业炉的烧制侧的耐火衬里的用途,所述耐火产品含有粘合剂以及在高于900℃的温度下形成陶瓷结合的耐火材料的颗粒,用于生产:镁铬砖,镁氧尖晶石和尖晶石砖,氧化镁氧化锆和氧化镁锆砖,氧化镁铁尖晶石和氧化镁锰尖晶石砖,白云石、白云石-氧化镁和石灰砖,镁橄榄石和橄榄石砖,氧化镁镁橄榄石砖,氧化镁镁铁尖晶石砖,镁砖;所述大容量工业炉用于水泥、石灰、氧化镁和煅烧白云石的生产。所述砖具有20MPa以上的冷压强度,并且所述产品含有至少一种第一临时粘合剂和至少一种第二临时粘合剂,所述第一临时粘合剂保证造粒的颗粒在室温至500℃的温度范围内的粘合,以及所述第二临时粘合剂保证造粒的颗粒在300℃至1000℃的温度范围内的粘合。

Description

非烧制耐火产品作为大容量工业炉内衬的用途和以所述非烧制耐火产品为内衬的工业炉
技术领域
本发明涉及以压制模制体的形式或者作为可模制或塑性物或捣打物来形成耐火砌体(下文也作为衬里或内衬)的非烧制耐火产品在大容量工业炉中的用途,其中,在所述大容量工业炉中,在氧化气氛或基本上是氧化的气氛中烧制水泥、石灰、氧化镁或煅烧白云石。本发明进一步涉及一种由上述用途产生的大容量工业炉。“基本上是氧化的气氛”是指,在工业炉的运行过程中,随着时间的推移主要是以氧化气氛,而只有部分时间也以中性气氛作用于砌体。
背景技术
在氧化气氛或基本上是氧化的气氛中,在大容量回转窑或竖窑中烧制水泥、石灰、氧化镁或煅烧白云石;这些窑炉内衬一般由烧制的耐火产品组成。
在EP 1 599 697 A1中,提出在水泥、石灰、白云石以及菱镁矿工业中使用耐火材料的非烧制砖作为大容量工业炉的衬里,这些砖含有石墨或烟灰形式的碳载体,以及在内衬的砌体的烧制侧表面区域中由碳质粘合剂产生的碳。所述砖可以由不同的耐火材料组成,其中也可以包括除了MgO之外的尖晶石。
碳载体(特别是石墨)赋予已知的砖不希望的高热传导性,从而必须采取措施保护总是存在的金属窑护套。此外,石墨使得耐火产品更加昂贵。另外,石墨导致砖的光滑表面,由于滑倒的危险,其在形成炉内衬期间时妨碍了铺设砖的人员。此外,当氧化气氛长时间作用于砖的碳键时,尽管存在被认为保护碳防止其氧化的抗氧化剂,但是结构的结合效应在较低的温度已减弱或实际上丧失,从而砖的结构的强度值显著减弱。
AT 171428 B报道了关于由非酸性耐火材料制成的非烧制砖在水泥回转窑炉中的用途,其中,该砖具有作为粘合剂的氧化镁与碳酸(其为二氧化碳处理的结果)的化合物。
目前,用于生产水泥、石灰、氧化镁和煅烧白云石的大容量工业炉用以烧制砖形式的基于MgO和/或基于CaO的烧制耐火产品衬里。这些烧制砖是
镁铬砖,
镁氧尖晶石和尖晶石砖,
氧化镁氧化锆和氧化镁锆砖,
氧化镁铁尖晶石和氧化镁锰尖晶石砖,
白云石和白云石-氧化镁砖,
镁橄榄石和橄榄石砖,
氧化镁镁橄榄石砖,
氧化镁镁铁尖晶石砖,
镁砖。
(Gerald Routschka,Hartmut Wuthnow:Taschenbuch Feuerfeste Werkstoffe[Pocket Book of Refractory Materials(耐火材料袖珍书)],第4版,2007年,Vulkan-Verlag[出版公司],第171至185页和第197至235页)。
在耐火产品领域中,具有至少40质量%的MgO的镁氧尖晶石砖与含有超过20质量%且小于40质量%的MgO的尖晶石砖之间在分类上作出区分。烧结的尖晶石和熔化的尖晶石作为原料。
在根据本发明的用途的范围内,铁铝尖晶石、锰尖晶石、镁铁尖晶石的矿物组成被认为是尖晶石种类的一部分。
一般情况下,由颗粒化耐火材料组成的耐火砖需要粘合粒化颗粒以保持砖的形状。在室温下,例如,由木素磺酸酯或酸性淀粉溶液或者合成树脂组成的有机粘合剂通常用于使例如水泥工业的基于MgO的碱性耐火砖成型。
通过压制方式成型后,压制砖形状稳定,可以处理并设置到炉支架上。随后,为了除去液态水而进行干燥,然后进行烧制。在此烧制期间,其以氧化方式进行,烧去有机粘合剂。事实是,在最大达约1000℃的温度下可以检测粘合剂残留物,但粘合力在约400℃开始丧失。因此,人们也提及临时粘合剂或临时粘合。然而,砖的强度足够使其通过烧制过程。可以赋予烧制砖用于工业炉的内衬的强度的陶瓷烧结在大约900℃(取决于耐火材料)开始;之后烧结速度随着温度而增加,并且也受烧制时间的影响。烧制之后,由于烧结,则在整个砖结构上存在完整的陶瓷结合;由于碳被完全燃烧,在所述结合中没有再发现有机成分。
由于烧制过程中必须在压制之后进行,目前正在使用的上述的已知烧制耐火材料产品具有生产非常复杂的缺点。除了上述烧制过程是非常耗能的事实之外,还可能发生称为烧制缺陷的大量缺陷。在这方面,例如,应当提及裂缝、隆起、渗滴和变形。另外,在每一个实例中,即使煅烧前的砖坯的组成是相同的,在烧制窑炉中自然发生的温度分布的非均匀性会导致砖具有不同的特性。因此,可能发生砖性能(例如强度、孔隙度、弹性)中的不希望的变化。此外,因为在烧制中由于发生不同的收缩,砖的形状变化,不能充分保证砖彼此之间的尺寸稳定性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在最大可能的程度上避免已知的基于MgO和/或基于CaO的耐火的烧制的和非烧制的含石墨产品的缺点,并以很少的花费制备具有相应较低的热导率的不含石墨的耐火产品,该耐火产品可以保证砖彼此之间的尺寸稳定性并且保证耐火产品在原位(换言之,在工业炉的烧制操作期间)的足够的与温度无关的结构强度。
上述目的是由权利要求1以及权利要求8和9的特征实现的。本发明的有利的进一步改进的特征在从属权利要求中。
根据本发明的一种实施方式,使用由上面列出的以前用于烧制砖的耐火材料或者至少两种耐火材料的混合物的颗粒组成的非烧制砖,并且由此压制砖。根据本发明的另一种实施方式,进一步由所述颗粒生产所谓的非模制耐火物料,并且用它们内衬炉壁区域。
对于本领域技术人员来说,用于上面列出的已知的烧制耐火产品的耐火原料是已知的。其在上文提及的袖珍书中进一步描述(同前文献)。因为制造者使用他们自己的用于耐火产品的特定配方和颗粒,在本发明的范围之内不要求关于根据本发明的非烧制产品的具体组成的更精确的信息。本发明的范围之内,更精确的信息也是不合适的,因为重要的不是特定的配方,而是根据本发明对于粘合剂、压力应用以及压制之后的温度处理(如果适用)在规划上的变化。
根据现有的知识水平,在对于压制压力和压制装置的类型的通常压制条件下,上面列出的用于烧制砖的非烧制耐火材料或材料混合物是不适合由其制造具有如下性能的砖,对于强度和结构成分的反应,所述砖可以以非烧制状态在烧制水泥、石灰、氧化镁或煅烧白云石时原位用于内衬工业炉,并且保证与由其烧制的耐火产品相同的耐火性能和其他强度特性。一方面,这是因为生产措施没有针对性地调整,例如,特别是,凭经验确定合适的压制压力的设置、适合的干燥、适合的回火。然而,另一方面,这也特别是因为这样的事实,颗粒没有根据本发明协调的多种温度依赖型粘合剂的结合,其中,具有至少一第一临时粘合剂,通常已经通过在压制之后干燥和/或在90至400℃(特别是150至300℃)温度范围内回火,所述第一临时粘合剂保证了足够的用于处理性能和安装到内衬的强度;和至少一第二临时粘合剂,设置第二临时粘合剂以保证在300到1000℃(特别是在400至900℃)的温度范围内在原位足够的强度。甚至在更高的温度范围内,耐火材料的颗粒进入其由材料决定的陶瓷结合。
就强度而言,根据本发明的非烧制耐火产品必须从其炉内侧到其炉壳侧原位长时间地耐受存在于它们的体积的显著的温度梯度,或者无损伤地存留下来;该梯度介于内衬炉内侧的高温(例如1500℃)和内衬外侧的接近室温之间。
由于烧制,烧制砖显示贯穿始终地陶瓷结合,而这不会在原位引起任何问题。
在耐火材料颗粒的陶瓷烧制以制成烧制砖期间(其中烧制是在陶瓷窑炉中进行),例如通过烧结、转化、固态下的反应、重结晶,熔融相的形成以及溶解和沉淀过程,通常在约900℃开始形成特征耐火结构作为陶瓷结合。相比之下,通过至少一个第二临时中间粘合步骤,利用第一临时粘合剂产生的根据本发明的非烧制砖也最终在烧制侧的表面区域在原位(也就是说在烧制工业炉中)生成陶瓷结合和通常与烧制砖相同的结构,但是这并不总是相同的,因为除了温度和时间(加热能量)之外,工业炉的炉内气氛和与砖接触的用于生产水泥、石灰、氧化镁和煅烧白云石的原料的成分,在原位作用于非烧制砖的烧制侧表面区域的耐火材料的矿物。
令人惊讶地显示,与具有相同材料的烧制耐火材料产品相比,根据本发明的粘合剂组合与所述工业炉原位参数的影响对于改善根据本发明所使用的耐火非烧制产品的性能具有显著贡献。显然,这些参数,特别是氧分压,已经影响以如下形式在表面区域中在原位形成的陶瓷结合的矿物结构,即,未发生因矿物学引起的砖体积的变化,例如,这可能导致砖破坏。
利用本发明,可制造具有常规砖结构的非烧制砖(袖珍书,第30页、第31页),其中,无论温度和经受的温度梯度,该砖显示足够的原位保持砌体强度。例如,由于砖通常要经受温度梯度,例如在水泥窑中(热侧约1450℃,冷侧约300℃),它们的结合是以这样的方式协调使得在任何时候在整个砖中可以得到足够的强度。在热侧上,其通常经受>1200℃的温度,这表明这样的温度在热侧区域使得其高达5cm厚,例如,在使用过程中发生烧结,致使发生陶瓷原位结合。在冷侧区域中,其显示<400℃的温度,并且例如可以具有由从砖基料计算的高达5cm厚度,例如,第一粘合剂的临时有机结合能够对强度有贡献,因此,根据本发明,这在此处不是临时的,而是永久的。因此,如果根据本发明的第二临时粘合剂不存在,因为第一粘合剂的临时有机粘合不再存在,并且也不会发生烧结,介于两者之间的中心区域会落入一个“强度洞”。
根据本发明,特别地使用以下具有至少一第一临时粘合剂和至少一第二临时粘合剂的非烧制无石墨耐火产品,特别是以非烧制的、模具压制成型砖的形式:
镁铬质(magnesia chromite),
镁氧尖晶石,
尖晶石,
氧化镁氧化锆(magnesia zirconia),
镁锆石(magnesia zircon),
氧化镁铁尖晶石(magnesia hercynite),
氧化镁锰尖晶石(magnesia galaxite),
白云石、白云石-氧化镁(dolomite,dolomite-magnesia),
氧化钙,
镁橄榄石,
橄榄石,
氧化镁镁橄榄石(magnesia forsterite),
氧化镁镁铁尖晶石(magnesia pleonast),
氧化镁。
正如上面已经解释的,实际上已知的在每个实例中的配方,可以用于所述产品,并且每一个制造者可以以其通常配方进行,使得不需要提供有关配方的更精确的信息用于本发明的实施。
至关重要的是,砖是根据配方通过压制制造的,该砖具有大于20MPa的压力强度,优选为30至130MPa,特别是40至120MPa,最优选为50至100MPa,优选经过压制之后热处理,以及通过由第一粘合剂产生的临时结合的方式产生的固化。
例如,通过下列方法(单独或组合)来实现所指出的强度值:
a)材料制粒的颗粒分布
优选地,力求根据Fuller、Furnas或Litzow的颗粒分布。也可以提供公知的混合间隙以提高耐温度变化特性。
b1)通过压制方式的砖的成型
优选地,使用液压机、螺旋压力机、击打锻压机(blow forging presses)、膝杆压力机、真空压力机、等静压机或者使用振动压实机,例如,应用50至250MPa的压制压力,特别是80至200MPa。
b2)当使用非模制物料时,例如通过振动、冲压、摇动的方式混合压实。
c)温度处理
c1)干燥
材料/粘合剂混合物通常具有流体成分,例如来自粘合剂和/或水分含量,例如在压制之后、在工业炉中安装砖之后或者在将非模制物料安置到工业炉中之后,在实际烧制对其进行作用之前,通过干燥(特别是90至400℃的温度)将流体成分除去,优选完全地除去,或将其除去直至残余小于0.8wt%,特别地小于0.5wt%。根据不同的应用,这可以包括粘附的湿气和结晶的化学结合水(如果适用)。
c2)回火
如果所述材料/粘合剂混合物具有相应的临时粘合剂,只有通过回火的方式产生粘合性能,在使用砖之前或在非模制物料的情况下在形成衬里之后,在1000℃以下的温度范围内特别是在200至800℃的温度范围内进行回火。
d)粘合剂
使用至少一第一临时粘合剂,这保证了非烧制砖保持足够的强度,以便在总体的砖中,在温度处理后在室温和高达例如500℃下,至少直到在更高温度(例如300至1000℃的温度范围内)下在原位第二临时粘合剂的粘合效果开始发生作用为止,能够对它们进行处理。所述第二临时粘合剂保证了足够的强度值,直到陶瓷结合起作用,这通常在900℃时发生。关于所述第一临时粘合剂的最终粘合作用的温度范围与第二临时粘合剂的温度范围重叠或可能重叠,并且所述第二临时粘合剂的温度范围与陶瓷结合的开始重叠或者可能重叠,这是合理的。术语“临时”是指当更高的温度(例如400℃以上)对第一粘合剂产生作用时,该粘合剂的粘合丧失,以及对于所述的第二粘合剂而言,例如,高于900℃时(特别是1000℃以上)或当陶瓷结合发生时,其粘合可能会丧失。
具有通常的颗粒分布并具有根据本发明的粘合剂组合物的所述材料/粘合剂混合物在所述大容量工业炉中可以用来具体地不仅仅作为成型砖,并且也可以作为冲压或摇动物料,或者捣打浇注料或振动料,其中,所述物料的强度对应于温度处理的温度的作用之后的成型砖的强度值,其特别是通过根据a)、b2)、d)以及c1)和/或c2)的措施的方式可以在位置上实现。
根据本发明,使用选自以下组中的至少一种粘合剂作为第一临时粘合剂:
木质素磺酸酯、合成树脂、焦油、沥青,酚醛清漆、糊精、常规有机酸(例如柠檬酸、苹果酸、乙酸)、聚乙烯醇、阿拉伯树胶、糖类制剂以及它们的混合物,特别地,还含有磷酸和/或磷酸盐。
其中,特别地,使用来自下述组中的至少一种粘合剂:
木质素磺酸酯、合成树脂、有机酸、聚乙烯醇,特别是还含有磷酸和/或磷酸盐的混合物。
以及最优选地选自以下组:
木质素磺酸酯、合成树脂,特别是还含有磷酸和/或磷酸盐的混合物。
使用来自以下组中的至少一种粘合剂作为第二临时粘合剂:
金属粉末Al,Mg,Si,Fe及它们的合金,SiC,B4C,Si3N4,AlN,BN,塞隆(sialon),细粒矿物材料,例如MgO、尖晶石、氧化铝、锆氧化物、二氧化硅,特别是微粒硅,铝酸钙,硅酸铝和粘土,含铁化合物,特别是含铁氧化物的化合物,例如磁铁矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、褐铁矿、菱铁矿;
其中,特别地,使用选自以下组中的至少一种粘合剂:
Al,Mg,Si,Fe,细粒矿物材料,例如尖晶石,氧化铝,锆氧化物,含铁化合物,例如磁铁矿、赤铁矿;
以及最特别地选自以下组:
Al,Fe,矿物材料,例如氧化铝,锆氧化物,含铁化合物,例如磁铁矿、赤铁矿。
所述第一临时粘合剂通常以液体使用,也可以以粉末添加剂使用,则以<150μm的细度,特别是以<90μm的细度使用,并且,在这方面,相对于耐火材料的干燥颗粒,特别地以0.5wt%至8wt%的量,特别是以1wt%至4wt%的量使用。
第二临时粘合剂以<150μm的细度,特别是<90μm的细度使用,并且,在这方面,相对于耐火材料的干燥颗粒,特别地以0.5wt%至15wt%的量,特别是以1wt%至10wt%的量使用。
由于所述用于大容量工业炉的砖不再需要烧制,砖的性能实质上更均匀。从长期的使用来看,在某种程度上,这些产品的强度比烧制产品的情况更高。可以避免的烧制砖的缺点。因为避免了烧制缺陷,所以可以保证显著尺寸稳定性,从而产生明确地简化了砖的安装的事实。另外,由于使用非烧制砖与可模制物料,因而显著地节约了能源。
根据本发明,所选择的非烧制的耐火的模制和非模制耐火产品的可用性,也可以转移到通常在所述大容量工业炉的特定区域中使用的其他类型的砖,所述其他类型的砖例如由熟耐火粘土或SiC+红柱石或SiC+高岭土或铝矾土或铝矾土+SiC或红柱石或莫来石或莫来石和SiC组成。
根据本发明的用途最终还涉及仍待开发用于所述大容量的工业炉的耐火材料,因此迄今为止未在上面的描述中列出,例如,其基于其它适合的耐火材料(例如其他尖晶石)组成。
将镁氧尖晶石砖的生产作为实例以量化通过温度分级的粘合剂粘合。遵循根据Fuller的颗粒尺寸分布的基于氧化镁和尖晶石的混合物,与第一临时有机粘合剂木质素磺酸酯和金属粉末形式的第二临时粘合剂以及磷酸盐粘合剂混合,以130MPa的压力和水泥窑砖B622的尺寸(根据Merkblatt[报告]WE9,Verein Deutscher Zementwerke[德国水泥厂协会],杜塞尔多夫,1966年5月)将所述混合物压制形成砖。随后,在不同的温度(即在400℃、600℃、800℃、1000℃、1400℃)下烧制这些砖。冷却后,根据DIN EN993-6确定冷弯曲强度(KBF),作为结构结合的度量。如果不存在足够的结合,冷弯曲强度<1MPa,即砖迅速断裂,不适合使用。与此相反,例如,如果形成满足旋转水泥窑中的要求的结合,则得到应该在烧制砖的冷弯曲强度的范围内强度,换句话说,在所有温度测试中>4MPa。
根据DIN EN 933-5的冷压强度(KDF)遵循了类似的趋势,其中这个变量描述精度较低的结构的结合。
所述砖的性能示于下表中。
如同由该表中的值形成的图1,该表清楚地显示了加入铁粉(作为Al、Mg、Si、Fe及它们的合金的代表)的正效应,通过这种方式,与在温度处理后只利用木质素磺酸酯粘合的砖(第1列)相比,所述强度值(第2列)能够显著增加。通过加入≤150μm、优选≤90μm的细颗粒矿物材料(此处以磁铁矿为代表)的方式,可以实现同样的效果,通过这种方式,与在温度处理后只利用木质素磺酸酯粘合的砖(第1列)相比,所述强度值(第4列)能够显著增加。磷酸钠的额外加入增加了强度值(第3列)。
而因此只利用木质素磺酸酯粘合的砖在400℃至1000℃的温度范围内(由在1400℃下砖的高强度值,陶瓷烧结变得明显)显示出明显弱点,在图1中所有的温度下,其他所有的砖均显示强度值位于烧制砖的4MPa冷压强度的最小值之上。
图1还显示所述的粘合剂的另外组合也存在进一步的可能性,例如,通过磁铁矿、Fe粉和磷酸钠的共同添加,由此,在约800℃下进一步增加强度。

Claims (13)

1.不含碳载体的、特别是使用压力模制或非模制的、非烧制耐火产品以压制砖或非模制物料的形式作为在氧化气氛或基本上是氧化的气氛中运行的大容量工业炉的烧制侧的耐火衬里的用途,所述耐火产品含有粘合剂以及在每个实例中在高于900℃、特别是高于1000℃的温度下达到陶瓷结合的耐火材料的颗粒,用于生产以下砖类型:
镁铬砖,
镁氧尖晶石和尖晶石砖,
氧化镁氧化锆和镁锆砖,
氧化镁铁尖晶石和氧化镁锰尖晶石砖,
白云石、白云石-氧化镁和石灰砖,
镁橄榄石和橄榄石砖,
氧化镁镁橄榄石砖,
氧化镁镁铁尖晶石砖,
镁砖;
所述大容量工业炉用于水泥、石灰、氧化镁和煅烧白云石的生产,其中,所述砖具有20MPa以上,优选30至130MPa,特别是40至120MPa的冷压强度,并且所述产品中含有至少一种第一临时粘合剂以及至少一种第二临时粘合剂,所述第一临时粘合剂保证在室温至500℃,特别是室温至400℃的温度范围内造粒的颗粒的粘合,所述第二临时粘合剂保证在300℃至1000℃、特别是在400℃至900℃的温度范围内造粒的颗粒的粘合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,
其特征在于,
所述颗粒具有根据Litzow、Fuller或Furnas的颗粒分布。
3.根据使用权利要求1和/或2所述的用途,
其特征在于,
所述产品具有常规砖形式并且,例如,用50至250MPa,特别是80至200MPa的压制压力压制。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的一项或多项所述的用途,
其特征在于,
在使用前,将所述产品在90℃至400℃,特别是在100至350℃的温度下处理至液体含量低于0.8wt%,特别是低于0.5wt%。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的一项或多项所述的用途,
其特征在于,
在使用前或在原位,所述产品在低于1000℃,特别是在200℃至800℃的温度范围内回火。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的一项或多项所述的用途,
其特征在于,
特别地作为液体以相对于耐火材料的干燥材料或干燥混合物的0.5wt%至8wt%的量含有来自下组中的粘合剂作为第一临时粘合剂:
木质素磺酸酯、合成树脂、焦油、沥青,酚醛清漆、糊精、有机酸(例如柠檬酸、苹果酸、乙酸)、聚乙烯醇、阿拉伯树胶、糖类制剂以及它们的混合物,特别地,还含有磷酸和/或磷酸盐,并且,在这方面,在粉末添加剂的情况下,特别地具有<150μm的细度,优选<90μm的细度。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的一项或多项所述的用途,
其特征在于,
特别地相对于耐火材料的干燥材料或干燥混合物以0.5wt%至15wt%的量,特别是以1wt%至4wt%的量含有来自下组的至少一种粘合剂作为第二临时粘合剂:
Al,Mg,Si,Fe及它们的合金,SiC,B4C,Si3N4,AlN,BN,塞隆,细粒矿物材料,例如MgO,尖晶石,氧化铝,锆氧化物,二氧化硅,特别是微粒硅,铝酸钙,硅酸铝和粘土,含铁化合物,特别是含铁氧化物的化合物,例如磁铁矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、褐铁矿、菱铁矿,并且,在这方面,特别是具有<150μm的细度,优选<90μm的细度。
8.大容量工业炉,其被设置并配置用于生产水泥、石灰、氧化镁或煅烧白云石且内衬有根据权利要求1至7中一项或多项所述的用途的耐火材料。
9.适合根据权利要求1的用途的不含碳载体的、特别是通过压制方式成型的非烧制砖,或者不含碳载体的、非模制耐火材料物料,由以下耐火材料中的至少一种材料的颗粒组成:
镁铬质,
镁氧尖晶石,
尖晶石,
氧化镁氧化锆,
镁锆石,
氧化镁铁尖晶石,
氧化镁锰尖晶石,
白云石、白云石-氧化镁,
氧化钙,
镁橄榄石,
橄榄石,
氧化镁镁橄榄石,
氧化镁镁铁尖晶石,
氧化镁;
其中,所述耐火砖显示出根据权利要求1的冷压强度值,并且所述砖或所述非模制物料包含根据权利要求6和7的粘合剂。
10.不含碳载体的非烧制的,特别是通过压制方式成型的或者非模制的耐火产品以压制砖或非模制物料的形式作为在氧化气氛或基本上是氧化的气氛中运行的大容量工业炉的烧制侧的耐火衬里的用途,所述耐火产品含有粘合剂以及在每种实例中在高于900℃、特别是在1000℃以上的温度下,达到陶瓷结合的耐火材料的颗粒,用于生产以下砖类型:
熟耐火粘土砖,
基于SiC+红柱石的砖,
基于SiC+高岭土的砖,
基于铝矾土的砖,
基于铝矾土+SiC的砖,
基于红柱石的砖,
基于莫来石的砖,
基于莫来石+SiC的砖,
其中,所述砖具有20MPa以上,优选30至130MPa,特别是40至120MPa的冷压强度,并且所述产品含有至少一种第一临时粘合剂以及至少一种第二临时粘合剂,所述第一临时粘合剂保证在室温至500℃,特别是室温至400℃的温度范围内造粒的颗粒的粘合,所述第二临时粘合剂保证在300℃至1000℃,特别是在400℃至900℃的温度范围内造粒的颗粒的粘合。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用途,
其特征在于具有权利要求2至7中的一项或多项的特征部分的特征。
12.大容量工业炉,其内衬有与根据权利要求10和/或11所述的用途的耐火材料。
13.适用于根据权利要求1所述的用途的、不含碳载体的非烧制的特别是通过压制方式成型的耐火砖,或者是不含碳载体的非模制的耐火物料,由以下材料中的至少一种材料的造粒颗粒组成:
熟耐火粘土,
SiC+红柱石,
SiC+高岭土,
铝矾土,
铝矾土+SiC,
红柱石,
莫来石,
莫来石和+SiC,
其中,所述耐火砖具有根据权利要求10所述的冷压强度值,并且所述砖或非模制物料包含根据权利要求6和7所述的粘合剂。
CN201380005012.7A 2012-11-29 2013-11-26 非烧制耐火产品作为大容量工业炉内衬的用途和以所述非烧制耐火产品为内衬的工业炉 Active CN104822637B (zh)

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