CN104798729A - Method for breeding new local stress-resistant meat rabbit species - Google Patents
Method for breeding new local stress-resistant meat rabbit species Download PDFInfo
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- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 230000012173 estrus Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000543821 Oestrus Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035946 sexual desire Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009399 inbreeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of culture and particularly relates to a method for breeding a new local stress-resistant meat rabbit species. According to the method, Sichuan white rabbits and German synthetic white rabbits are taken as breeding materials, and the new local stress-resistant meat rabbit species is bred through a grading hybridization method. The new meat rabbit species bred through the method has the advantages of the Sichuan white rabbits and the advantages of the German synthetic white rabbits and is strong in stress resistance, and the fattening survival rate reaches over 98%; bucks are strong in sexual desire and high in semen quality; does are obvious in estrus and easy in mating, the blood-nest mating pregnancy ratio reaches up to 82%, the number of annual production births is over 7-8 under the condition of artificially-assisted mating, the continuous production performance is good, and the new meat rabbit species has very strong adaptability to the climate environment and culture characteristics of the southwest of China.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultural technique field, particularly relate to the breeding method of the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of a kind of regional characters.
Background technology
China is world-class Yang Tu big country, and southwest is most important meat rabbit production and consumption district of China, year the amount of delivering for sale and consumption figure account for respectively the whole nation more than 40% and 50%.In past 30 years, southwest meat rabbit industry high speed development, a large amount of fast large-scale meat rabbit breeding and breed system, from external introducing, substantially increase foster rabbit production efficiency, the growth rate of meat rabbit is increased to every day thirties grams from tens grams of average every day, greatly shortens the listing age in days of commodity rabbit.But, due to Seed company to great-grandfather for the control of provenance and lack systematic breeding, making will to cause from again introducing a fine variety at set intervals the situation of " introduce a fine variety-degenerate-introduce a fine variety again " abroad, seriously constraining the further raising of meat rabbit culture benefit.Meanwhile, improved seeds or breed system have oneself specific breeding way and environment, the productive potential that only competence exertion is maximum under self the suitableeest feeding environment and feeding and management condition.The external loopful of employing mostly control rabbit home, free choice feeding, artificial insemination, the potentiality of excellent meat rabbit kind are not fully exerted.Southwest summer high temperature high humidity, winter low temperature high humidity, weather conditions are comparatively severe, aquaculture model is backwardness comparatively, cultivate on a small scale and on a fairly large scale and account for main body, ring control facility falls behind, breeding is mainly the mode of hand mating, mostly adopt the mode limiting and feed, therefore current adventive and breed system progressively prevailing bring economic benefit to raiser while, also there are problems, main manifestations is that resistance is poor, productivity potentiality fail to give full play to, particularly when extreme climate and disease popularity, breeding is difficult, join bosom rate low, growth rate is slow, lethality is high, the rate of animals delivered to the slaughter-house is low.
The local meat rabbit variety source of China enriches, and many local meat rabbit kinds have the merit less than external rabbit kind.Sichuan white rabbit is typical place of china rabbit kind, strong stress resistance (be mainly manifested in crude feed tolerance, disease-resistant and to aspects such as the adaptability of environment are good), female rabbit oestruses obviously, breed easily, blood nest joins that bosom rate is high, company's product performance is good, breeding capacity is strong, semen quality is excellent, some place is commonly called as " month in and month out rabbit ", also namely often produces a tire per month, has the climatic environment adaptability to southwest and the adaptable advantage of extensive husbandry mode.But traditional Sichuan white rabbit is small, growth rate is slow, and 3 monthly age body weight are only 1.25kg, and adult weight only 2.76kg, has had a strong impact on development effectiveness, can not adapt to the demand in market far away, are also difficult to carry out Scale dependency and popularization.Germany white rabbit is a strain in neat card breed system, serves as maternal male parent, have the advantage that growth rate is very fast, reproductive performance is good, but it is poor to the adaptability of southwest in breed system, connects product performance not high, also limit its popularization and utilization.
Therefore, utilize the German white rabbit of landrace Sichuan white rabbit and introduction to cultivate the new degeneration-resistant new lines of regional characters meat rabbit, effectively can promote the protection and development of landrace, be also the localized important measures of adventive simultaneously; New lines both can be directly used in commodity meat rabbit and produce, and also in order to carry out commercial crossbreeding, or can cultivate the basis of the meat rabbit breed system adapting to southwest climatic environment and cultivation feature.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above technical problem, the invention provides the breeding method of the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of a kind of regional characters, breeding method is simple, and the cultivation time of new varieties is shorter, and cost is also low, and new lines rabbit fertility is high, growth is fast, adaptive faculty is strong.
Solve the breeding method of the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of a kind of regional characters in the present invention of above technical problem, the steps include:
(1) utilize Germany synthesis white rabbit buck, rabbit mating female with Sichuan white rabbit, produces F1 generation; The object choosing hybridization inter breed crossing creates newtype, cultivates new varieties.
The proterties of newtype depends on adopted parental breed, so, to make an accurate selection of hybridization parental breed, choose.First the selected parental breed Exact Analysis of reply, grasps resource as much as possible, as the history etc. of productivity, breediness, breed formation, and the clear and definite status of selected kind residing in whole breeding process, effect.The second, select the quantity of kind, should follow and should lack unsuitable many principles.
(2) strong stress resistance, the obvious female rabbit that oestruses in F1 generation are synthesized white rabbit buck with Germany and backcross, produce F2 generation;
(3) select the good buck of strong stress resistance, fast growth, breeding capacity and semen quality and oestrus obviously in F2 generation, the easy female rabbit that breed carries out traversed by, obtain F3 generation;
(4) repeat (3) step basically identical to appearance traits, heritability is stablized, and cultivates the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of regional characters.
The synthesis white rabbit early growth of described Germany is fast.
Described Sichuan white rabbit strong stress resistance, oestrus obviously and breeding easily.
In the present invention rabbit new lines breeding method in control temperature 32 DEG C or following, humidity 85% or following, temp. and humidity is important envirment factor, and comparatively large on productivity impact, under certain adverse environmental factor, the rabbit cultivated has more resistance, and adaptive faculty is stronger.
Hybridization between domestic animal kind (being), not only for generation of hybrid vigour, carries out commodity production, also for cultivating new varieties (being).Crossbreeding is through interracial hybridization, finds new favorable variation or the new assortment of genes from filial generation, by breeding measures, these favorable variations and excellent combination is fixed up, thus cultivates the animal varieties (being) made new advances.
Before carrying out the hybridization in step (), determine breeding objective and breeding system, improve breeding work efficiency, shorten breeding time, reduce costs height.Several kind is used in hybridization, selects which kind, the algebraically of hybridization, and the ratio etc. of kind shared by new varieties blood relationship of each participation hybridization, all should determine before hybridization starts.The present invention selects two kinds of kinds to hybridize, and the kind avoided is more, bad control, and the hereditary basis of offspring is more complicated, and the scope of hybrid generation's variation is usually comparatively large, and the cultivation time of needs is relatively longer, and cost is also high.The present invention is according to the proterties of each kind or feature, determine male parent or the maternal strict selection with carrying out defect individual well, conscientiously plan first with any two inter breed crossings, rear by which or which kind because after the influence and effect of kind to new varieties relatively large.
Also be provided with in described step (2) and step (3) and buck good to strong stress resistance, fast growth, breeding capacity and semen quality in F2 generation and Sichuan white rabbit mother rabbit are backcrossed, producing F3 rides instead of walk suddenly, then select the good buck of strong stress resistance, fast growth, breeding capacity and semen quality and oestrus obviously in F3 generation, the easy female rabbit that breed carries out traversed by, obtain F4 generation; Repeat previous step basically identical to appearance traits, heritability is stablized, and cultivates the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of regional characters.
Full sibs and half sibs not mating in described traversed by step, avoid inbreeding to produce performance sorrow and move back.
The degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of the regional characters adopting breeding method of the present invention to cultivate remains Sichuan white rabbit strong stress resistance, reproductive performance is good, to the adaptable advantage of southwest climatic environment with cultivation feature, and there is Germany's synthesis white rabbit growth rate characteristic faster.This strain, compared with the white rabbit of Sichuan, early growth speed and build has had large increase, and 3 monthly age body weight reach more than 2.2kg, and 6 monthly age body weight reach more than 3.3kg, and adult rabbits average body weighs more than 3.7kg, similar to German white rabbit or be better than German white rabbit.This strain maintains the advantage of Sichuan white rabbit simultaneously, strong stress resistance, fattens survival rate more than 98%; Buck is highly sexed, and semen quality is excellent; Female rabbit oestruses obviously, and easily, blood nest joins bosom rate up to more than 82% in breeding, produces more than 7 ~ 8 tires per year in hand mating situation, connects product performance good, has very strong adaptability to the climatic environment of southwest and cultivation feature.
Breeding method in the present invention is simple, and the cultivation time of new lines is shorter, and cost is also low, and new lines rabbit fertility is high, growth is fast, adaptive faculty is strong, and economic benefit significantly improves.
New lines in the present invention both can be directly used in commodity meat rabbit and produce, and also in order to carry out commercial crossbreeding, or can cultivate the basis of the meat rabbit breed system adapting to southwest climatic environment and cultivation feature.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the strain synthesizing route map of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
The breeding method of the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of a kind of regional characters of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) select 15 early growths fast, the Germany synthesis white rabbit that adaptability is stronger is male parent, 60 strong stress resistances, oestrus obviously, breeding easily, blood nest joins bosom rate is high, fostering perfomance is good Sichuan white rabbit for maternal, hybridize, every only female rabbit produces 3 ~ 4 nests, obtains F1 generation hybrid population;
(2) in F1 generation, select that premunition is strong, the obvious female rabbit 120 that oestruses only synthesize white rabbit buck 30 with Germany and only backcrosses, often only female rabbit production 3 ~ 4 nests, obtain F2 for hybrid population;
(3) carry out three selections to the male and female rabbit in F2, select littermate rabbit number higher than 5 during wean, body weight is greater than the individuality of 500g, reserves seed for planting about 600; 90 ages in days utilize multiple selection index to carry out great shakeout, and reject ill individuality (premunition screening), wherein female rabbit reserves seed for planting about 180, and buck reserves seed for planting about 60 simultaneously; Before just joining (about 5.5 monthly ages) front in conjunction with number of nipples, reproductive development etc. carry out third time select, buck reserves seed for planting 30, and female rabbit reserves seed for planting 150.After three times are selected, the buck premunition of reserving seed for planting is strong, growth rate very fast, breeding capacity and semen quality good, female rabbit oestruses obviously, and breeding is easy, and male and female rabbit carries out traversed by, avoids full sibs and half-sib mating, obtains F3 generation;
In the present invention, multiple selection index I is important selection criteria, and mainly formulate according to litter size and growth rate two major traitses, its formula is: I==4.34558P1+0.03982P2, and wherein P1 is litter size, and unit is only; P2 is 90 days body weight, and unit is g.
The rabbit that multiple selection index is high is selected to be selected rabbit.
(4) repeat (3) step basically identical to appearance traits, heritability is stablized, and cultivates into the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of regional characters.
Before carrying out the hybridization in step (), determine breeding objective and breeding system, improve breeding work efficiency, shorten breeding time, reduce costs height.Several kind is used in hybridization, selects which kind, the algebraically of hybridization, and the ratio etc. of kind shared by new varieties blood relationship of each participation hybridization, all should determine before hybridization starts.The present invention selects two kinds of kinds to hybridize, and the kind avoided is more, bad control, and the hereditary basis of offspring is more complicated, and the scope of hybrid generation's variation is usually comparatively large, and the cultivation time of needs is relatively longer, and cost is also high.The present invention is according to the proterties of each kind or feature, determine male parent or the maternal strict selection with carrying out defect individual well, conscientiously plan first with any two inter breed crossings, rear by which or which kind because after the influence and effect of kind to new varieties relatively large.
Control temperature 32 DEG C, humidity less than 85% in the breeding method of rabbit new lines, temp. and humidity is important envirment factor, and comparatively large on affecting productivity impact, under certain adverse environmental factor, the rabbit cultivated has more resistance, and adaptive faculty is stronger.Feed under similarity condition, this strain, compared with the white rabbit of Sichuan, early growth speed and build has had large increase, 3 monthly age body weight reach 2.3kg, 6 monthly age body weight reach 3.4 more than kg, and adult rabbits average body weighs 3.85kg, similar to German white rabbit or be better than German white rabbit.This strain maintains the advantage of Sichuan white rabbit simultaneously, strong stress resistance, fattens survival rate 98%; Buck is highly sexed, and semen quality is excellent, and when summer, ambient temperature reached 32 DEG C, sperm viability still remains on more than 0.6; Female rabbit oestruses obviously, and sexual maturity Sichuan white rabbit in evening 8 ~ 12 days, early than German white rabbit about 25 days; Breeding easily, joined rate up to 97%, blood nest joins bosom rate up to 82%, more than 7 tires are produced per year in hand mating situation, average every tire number of elements, more than more than 7.6, connects product performance good, and farrowing quantity is stablized, annual output rate can reach more than 52, has very strong adaptability to the climatic environment of southwest and cultivation feature.
Embodiment 2
Other content as in embodiment 1, control temperature less than 28 DEG C, humidity less than 70%.
Effect is as in embodiment 1, lower slightly to the resistance of high temperature.
Embodiment 3
Other content is as the content in embodiment 1, and the breeding method of the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of a kind of regional characters of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) select 15 early growths fast, the Germany synthesis white rabbit that adaptability is stronger is male parent, 60 strong stress resistances, oestrus obviously, breeding easily, blood nest joins bosom rate is high, fostering perfomance is good Sichuan white rabbit for maternal, hybridize, every only female rabbit produces 3 ~ 4 nests, obtains F1 generation hybrid population;
(2) in F1 generation, select that premunition is strong, the obvious female rabbit 120 that oestruses only synthesize white rabbit buck 30 with Germany and only backcrosses, often only female rabbit production 3 ~ 4 nests, obtain F2 for hybrid population;
(3) select in F2 generation strong stress resistance, fast growth, breeding capacity and semen quality good buck 30 only, oestrus obvious Sichuan white rabbit female rabbit 120 strong with premunition only backcross, often only female rabbit produces 3 ~ 4 nests, obtains F3 for hybrid population;
(4) carry out three selections to the male and female rabbit in F3, select littermate rabbit number higher than 5 during wean, body weight is greater than the individuality of 500g, reserves seed for planting about 600; 90 ages in days utilize multiple selection index to carry out great shakeout, and reject ill individuality (premunition screening), wherein female rabbit reserves seed for planting about 180, and buck reserves seed for planting about 60 simultaneously; Before just joining (about 5.5 monthly ages) front in conjunction with number of nipples, reproductive development etc. carry out third time select, buck reserves seed for planting 30, and female rabbit reserves seed for planting 150.After three times are selected, the buck premunition of reserving seed for planting is strong, growth rate very fast, breeding capacity and semen quality good, female rabbit oestruses obviously, and breeding is easy, and male and female rabbit carries out traversed by, avoids full sibs and half-sib mating, obtains F3 generation;
(5) repeat (4) step basically identical to appearance traits, heritability is stablized, and cultivates into the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of regional characters.
Control temperature less than 32 DEG C in the breeding method of rabbit new lines, humidity less than 85%.
Feed under similarity condition, this strain, compared with the white rabbit of Sichuan, early growth speed and build has had large increase, and 3 monthly age body weight reach 2.2kg, and 6 monthly age body weight reach more than 3.3kg, and adult rabbits average body weighs 3.7kg, similar to German white rabbit.This strain maintains the advantage of Sichuan white rabbit simultaneously, strong stress resistance, fattens survival rate 98.5%; Buck is highly sexed, and semen quality is excellent, and vigor is good, and when summer, ambient temperature reached 32 DEG C, sperm viability still remains on more than 0.6; Female rabbit oestruses obviously, and sexual maturity Sichuan white rabbit in evening 5 ~ 10 days, early than German white rabbit about 25 days; And breeding easily, joined rate up to 97.5%, blood nest joins bosom rate up to 83.6%, more than 7 ~ 8 tires are produced per year in hand mating situation, average every tire number of elements, more than more than 8.0, connects product performance good, and farrowing quantity is stablized, year farrowing can reach more than 53, has very strong adaptability to the climatic environment of southwest and cultivation feature.
Should be noted that, above example is the unrestricted technical scheme of the present invention in order to explanation only, although with reference to above-mentioned example to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: still can modify to the present invention or equivalent replacement, and do not depart from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, all should be encompassed in right of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a breeding method for the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of regional characters, the steps include:
(1) utilize Germany synthesis white rabbit buck, rabbit mating female with Sichuan white rabbit, produces F1 generation;
(2) strong stress resistance, the obvious female rabbit that oestruses in F1 generation are synthesized white rabbit buck with Germany and backcross, produce F2 generation;
(3) select the good buck of strong stress resistance, fast growth, breeding capacity and semen quality and oestrus obviously in F2 generation, the easy female rabbit that breed carries out traversed by, obtain F3 generation;
(4) repeat (3) step basically identical to appearance traits, heritability is stablized, and cultivates the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of regional characters.
2. the breeding method of the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of regional characters according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the synthesis white rabbit early growth of described Germany is fast.
3. the breeding method of the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of regional characters according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Sichuan white rabbit strong stress resistance, oestrus obviously and breeding easily.
4. the breeding method of the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of regional characters according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be also provided with in described step (2) and step (3) and buck good to strong stress resistance, fast growth, breeding capacity and semen quality in F2 generation and Sichuan white rabbit mother rabbit are backcrossed, producing F3 rides instead of walk suddenly, then select the good buck of strong stress resistance, fast growth, breeding capacity and semen quality and oestrus obviously in F3 generation, the easy female rabbit that breed carries out traversed by, obtain F4 generation; Repeat previous step basically identical to appearance traits, heritability is stablized, and cultivates the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of regional characters.
5. the breeding method of the degeneration-resistant meat rabbit new lines of the regional characters according to claim 1-4, is characterized in that: full sibs and half sibs not mating in described traversed by step.
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| CN106818628A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-13 | 青岛康大食品有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of cold-resistant rabbit |
| CN108184760A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-06-22 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of black meat rabbit new lines |
| CN113575510A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-02 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | Cultivation method of low-cost high-quality stress-resistant meat rabbit complete set line suitable for early marketing |
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| CN106489826A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-15 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | A kind of method of Sichuan white rabbit live population |
| CN106818628A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-06-13 | 青岛康大食品有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of cold-resistant rabbit |
| CN108184760A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-06-22 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of black meat rabbit new lines |
| CN113575510A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-02 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | Cultivation method of low-cost high-quality stress-resistant meat rabbit complete set line suitable for early marketing |
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