CN104782423A - Three-dimensional prevention and treatment method of bacterial canker of kiwifruits - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a three-dimensional prevention and treatment method of bacterial canker of kiwifruits. The method comprises the steps that stem coating is conducted on plants in winter, pesticide and bactericide killing is conducted in time, and soil is improved and sterilized. In the stem coating stage, stem coating fertilizer is used, and the stem coating fertilizer, by mass, comprises 10% of plant oil processed through plasma treatment and 90% of polymer powder; in the real-time pesticide and bactericide killing stage, 50% of 600-800-fold tuzet wetting powder, 10% of 3500-4000-fold imidacloprid, 20% of 600-800-fold buprofezin, 10% of 1000-fold chlorfenapyr suspension liquid, 45% of 800-1000-fold ambam, 2.5% of 1000-fold efficient cyhalothrinmissible oil and water soluble fertilizer are adopted, and the water soluble fertilizer is plant oil processed through plasma treatment; in the soil modification stage, root fertilizer is adopted, and the root fertilizer, by mass, is composed of 1% of plant oil processed through plasma treatment, 90% of polymer powder and 9% of water. The three-dimensional prevention and treatment method has a remarkable bacterial canker prevention effect, and effectively prevents secondary damage and pathogen infection.

Description

The three-dimensional prevention and controls of Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker

Technical field

The invention belongs to fruit tree canker prevention and control field, be specifically related to the method for carrying out prevention and therapy for Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker.

Background technology

Plant canker be mostly owing to colonizing in plant leaf, the fungi of stem's cortex or limb causes, this fungi is the cause of disease of multiple broad-leaved tree or shrub limb cortex, very easily cause plant local organization to be festered, downright bad and cork layer hyperplasia, after ulcer bacteria infects plant, often do not occur that the symptom of ulcer is latent infection immediately.When trees dehydration or growth potential decline, then develop into ulcer scab, when treating not in time, ulcer expands year after year, even causes stem branch-breakage disconnected or dead.

By pseudomonas syringae kiwi fruit pvs oryzae and oryzicola ( pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Psa) Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker that causes is one of destructive bacteriosis of most in producing, and is the quarantine disease in China Forest.Except China, all there are distribution in Korea S, Japan, Italy, France, Spain, New Zealand etc.This pathogen host range is wide, by force pathogenic, and the disease development caused is fast, popular by force, harm is heavy, it is difficult to control, to kiwi fruit composition of industry serious threat.Owing to understanding few to Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker bacterium natural host and survival position, cause cost accounting high, of poor benefits.

The Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker form of expression is mainly yellowish-brown or rust red, germ can infect to xylem cause topical ulcers rot, affect conveying and the absorption of nutrient, cause tree vigo(u)r weak, tree body can be caused dead around cane time serious, this disease not only reduces the output of kiwi fruit, also very easily cause kiwi fruit pericarp thickening, fruity souring, fruit size differs, and quality and commodity value all reduce.

Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker bacterium is a kind of by force S, the bacterium of low-temperature-resistant again.Germ mainly survives the winter on ill branches and tendrils, also can survive the winter in upper earth with invalid body.Overflow from sick portion with bacterial ooze, by means of wind and rain, insect transmission.When pruning, tying up the operations such as branch, by means of the propagation such as pruning shear, farm implements, invade from the pore, water hole, hole skin, wound etc. of plant.

Generally, when plant is in hibernation (late January late December one), canker sporadicly occurs in field Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker occurrence regularity, and this is disease generation phase beginning; After plant bleeding starts, morbidity increases.Before rudiment (mid or late March-mid-April), the positions such as branch start to occur gummosis stream rust water, now enter onset peak period, and based on trunk, branches and tendrils morbidity, be injured the heaviest, blade morbidity seldom.When taking out the tip and stopping to bleeding (mid-April-late April), temperature raises, and morbidity starts slack-off, and this is the disease slower development phase.Pregnant flower bud to flowering stage (late April-mid-May), ulcer bacteria starts to infect bud, and limb morbidity eases up.Bud is injured and also can be fallen ill.Raise with temperature, the morbidity of limb portion obviously reduces.Generally in morbidity mid-September, autumn growth blade of mainly causing harm, trunk, limb are seldom fallen ill.

Prior art is many about claiming the report of Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker control.From prevention angle, measure is trunk whitewashing mainly, stops ulcer bacteria in the invasion of tree body and settles down.Also, after studies have reported that fruit harvesting in the annual last ten-days period in September to the first tenday period of a month in October, 2-3 antibiotic are sprayed.Interval, 8-10d, can play sterilization and protective effect preferably to tree body.But this is just effective to the protection of healthy plant.

Treating scab is the difficult point place preventing and treating canker.Although there is more achievement in research, Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker is once morbidity, and still greatly oneself has become the common recognition of these sick scientific and technical personnel of numerous research to difficulty of prevention and cure.Facts have proved, the more susceptible garden in title monkey peach orchard, particularly kind in this sick area of all generations, oneself ruins garden substantially.

At present to the Selecting research of scab healing potion, to scab Study on processing method, to aspects etc. such as Infusion into trunk researchs, relate to face more.

Medicament use, current effective agent is antibiotic and composite substantially.As (1998) such as Wang Zhenrong report that the control of monkey peach canker selects Mixed Pharmacy (50% Jia Ruinong+7% can kill+ulcer curing agent) to smear after striking off scab and the medication bale of cotton is pricked, effective to canker; Li Yao etc. (1999) then think that DTMz has good effect to canker and determines that it is the choice drug claiming the control of monkey peach canker.But treatment scab method but will in two steps: adopt " road plan " to control Spot expansion at the beginning of last month of spring in winter, adopt thorough Curettage for treating scab summer, and better to little scab effect.But road plan and strike off scab, all easily increases the weight of bleeding, and increases labour cost.

Conventional root-pouring method arrives pathological tissues because medicament is very difficult, and thus control efficiency is poor, and dosage is large, and expenses for prevention and control is higher, should not apply less aborning.

About Infusion into trunk, Japanese Korea S all proposes to adopt trunk injection to enter medicament and prevents and treats in the prophylactico-therapeutic measures of disease tree.But disease is broken out and is caused the time of setting body death mainly in winter Mo, and now kiwi fruit resin flowing is extremely slow, and liquid is difficult to enter tree body.The tree body that a small amount of season of growth still survives, the food-safety problem that input antibiotic etc is brought, vascular bundle drug injury problem, and infusion hole aggravation plant infects the fact of canker, proposes query to the feasibility being entered medicament by trunk injection and carry out prevention and controls enforcement.

At present to the control prece of Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker mainly limb coating, strike off the scab topical application of drug, fill with root, trunk transfusion method or extract the disease tip, but in practice process, this scheme works is unsatisfactory.Opportunity, concrete operations mode etc. that often kind of mode adopts, there is important impact to the prevention and therapy of Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker.

Summary of the invention

For above-mentioned deficiency, the invention provides a kind of in different phase, plant canker is in various degree carried out to the three-dimensional prevention and controls of prevention and therapy, effective prevention and therapy can be carried out to canker, preventing its large area to infect causes the underproduction even to ruin garden, improves garden per mu yield simultaneously.。

The present invention is realized by such technical scheme:

A kind of Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker solid control method for increasing, the method comprises, in time pesticide-germicide and soil melioration sterilization dry to plant painting in winter;

Described plant is coated with dry mode and is winter:

1) by the end of November, pruned in latter 15 days in the winter time, painting dried human and animal excreta has been mixed by weight 10 ﹕ 7 with water; Described painting dried human and animal excreta, by mass percent, forms through the vegetable oil of plasma treatment and the polymer powder of 90% by 10%;

2) in every 15kg step 1) gains, add 5ml organosilicon, mix;

3) by step 2) gains uniform application is done at the center of kiwi fruit, master is climing and comprise on all branches and tendrils of eye;

The mode of described timely pesticide-germicide is:

1) in mid-February or budding period, doubly doubly carry out full garden with 10% Imidacloprid 3500-4000 spray 1 time with 50% Tuzet wetting powder 600-800, emphasis sprays eye and limb;

2) spend front 7-15 days, with 20% thiophene bacterium ketone 600-800 doubly and the chlorfenapyr suspension 1000 of 10% doubly carry out full garden and spray 1 time;

3) after early August or rainy season, with 45% ambam 800-1000 doubly and 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 doubly carry out full garden and spray 1 time;

4), after fruit picking, after Water soluble fertilizer and water being mixed by weight 1:100-200 ratio, then add organosilicon in the ratio of 5ml/15kg water, mixing, full garden sprays 1 time, emphasis spray blade and ground; Described Water soluble fertilizer is the vegetable oil through plasma treatment;

5) mid-December, after pruning in the winter time, carry out full garden with 3 ° of-5 ° of lime sulfurs and spray 1 time.

The mode of described soil melioration sterilization is:

1), after fruit picking in 1 month, spill in actinidia tree Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry areal concentration and execute biological organic fertilizer 10-15kg/ strain and root fertilizer 0.5-1.0kg/ strain, then more than 20cm is ploughed deeply in fertilization area; Described biological organic fertilizer is conventional commercial biological organic fertilizer; Described root fertilizer, by mass percentage, by 1% through the vegetable oil of plasma treatment, the polymer powder of 90% and 9% water form;

2) their early stage, after Water soluble fertilizer being mixed by weight 1:300-600 ratio with water, sprays full Orchard Soil surface; Described Water soluble fertilizer is the vegetable oil through plasma treatment.

Owing to have employed said method, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:

1) canker preventive effect: do not use the garden of the method to compare with contrast, the garden incidence of disease obviously reduces, and can reach 86% to the preventive effect of canker.

2) three-dimensional prevention and control: take respectively to be coated with dry, pesticide-germicide and soil melioration sterilization in time method winter, from root, limb and the aspect acting in conjunction of 3, route of transmission, can prevention and control canker thoroughly comprehensively.

3) prevent secondary damage: adopt the method to have good permeability due to the various products used, thus avoid the secondary injury to tree body such as method of striking off scab.

4) transmitted pathogen is prevented: adopt the method for after the protection of disease plant, effectively can prevent the infection to other healthy plants.

Embodiment

In order to clearly understand object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect, below the present invention is described further, but not by protection scope of the present invention limit in the examples below.

Embodiment 1:

Test with 100 mu of kiwi fruits.

1) by the end of November, built in latter 15 days in the winter time, adopted painting dried human and animal excreta to carry out painting and do, by mass percent, be coated with dried human and animal excreta and form through the vegetable oil of plasma treatment and the polymer powder of 90% by 10%.Concrete steps are: pour the packed painting dried human and animal excreta of 500g into plastic containers, add 350g clear water, namely mix with the ratio of 10:7 with clear water, slowly pasty mixture is stirred in the process of adding water, then pasty mixture uniform application is on kiwi fruit limb, notice that this pasty mixture will mix to without block or bulk, thin viscous condition with after smearing can on bark uniform adhesion for the best.

2) in every 15kg step 1) gains, add 5ml organosilicon, mix;

3) by step 2) gains uniform application does at the center of kiwi fruit, main climing and comprise all branches and tendrils of eye

After above painting dry treatment a period of time (180 days), observe kiwi fruit plant and occur without canker.

Embodiment 2:

Test with 100 mu of kiwi fruits.

1) in mid-February or budding period, doubly doubly carry out full garden with 10% Imidacloprid 3500-4000 spray 1 time with 50% Tuzet wetting powder 600-800, emphasis sprays eye and limb;

2) spend front 7-15 days, with 20% thiophene bacterium ketone 600-800 doubly and the chlorfenapyr suspension 1000 of 10% doubly carry out full garden and spray 1 time;

3) after early August or rainy season, with 45% ambam 800-1000 doubly and 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 doubly carry out full garden and spray 1 time;

4), after fruit picking, after Water soluble fertilizer and water being mixed by weight 1:100-200 ratio, then add organosilicon in the ratio of 5ml/15kg water, mixing, full garden sprays 1 time, emphasis spray blade and ground; Described Water soluble fertilizer is the vegetable oil through plasma treatment;

5) mid-December, after pruning in the winter time, carry out full garden with 3 ° of-5 ° of lime sulfurs and spray 1 time.

After the sterilization of above garden, interval finds after within 180 days, observing, and kiwi fruit plant occurs without canker.

Embodiment 3:

Test with 100 mu of kiwi fruits.

1), after fruit picking in 1 month, spill in actinidia tree Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry areal concentration and execute biological organic fertilizer 10-15kg/ strain and root fertilizer 0.5-1.0kg/ strain, then more than 20cm is ploughed deeply in fertilization area; Described root fertilizer, by mass percentage, by 1% through the vegetable oil of plasma treatment, the polymer powder of 90% and 9% water form;

2) their early stage, after Water soluble fertilizer being mixed by weight 1:300-600 ratio with water, sprays full Orchard Soil surface; Described Water soluble fertilizer is the vegetable oil through plasma treatment.

After above soil melioration and root control, interval finds after within 180 days, observing, and kiwi fruit plant occurs without canker.

Experimental example:

Adopt the method described in above embodiment 1-4, carry out solid experiment to 100 mu of kiwi fruits, observe after 180 days, gained contrast effect is as table 1:

Claims (1)

1. the three-dimensional prevention and controls of Prospect on Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker, is characterized in that: comprise and be coated with dry, pesticide-germicide and soil melioration sterilization in time winter to plant;

Described plant is coated with dry mode and is winter:

1) by the end of November, pruned in latter 15 days in the winter time, painting dried human and animal excreta has been mixed by weight 10 ﹕ 7 with water; Described painting dried human and animal excreta, by mass percent, forms through the vegetable oil of plasma treatment and the polymer powder of 90% by 10%;

2) in every 15kg step 1) gains, add 5ml organosilicon, mix;

3) by step 2) gains uniform application is done at the center of kiwi fruit, master is climing and comprise on all branches and tendrils of eye;

The mode of described timely pesticide-germicide is:

1) in mid-February or budding period, doubly doubly carry out full garden with 10% Imidacloprid 3500-4000 spray 1 time with 50% Tuzet wetting powder 600-800, emphasis sprays eye and limb;

2) spend front 7-15 days, with 20% thiophene bacterium ketone 600-800 doubly and the chlorfenapyr suspension 1000 of 10% doubly carry out full garden and spray 1 time;

3) after early August or rainy season, with 45% ambam 800-1000 doubly and 2.5% efficient cyhalothrin emulsifiable concentrate 1000 doubly carry out full garden and spray 1 time;

4), after fruit picking, after Water soluble fertilizer and water being mixed by weight 1:100-200 ratio, then add organosilicon in the ratio of 5ml/15kg water, mixing, full garden sprays 1 time, emphasis spray blade and ground; Described Water soluble fertilizer is the vegetable oil through plasma treatment;

5) mid-December, after pruning in the winter time, carry out full garden with 3 ° of-5 ° of lime sulfurs and spray 1 time;

The mode of described soil melioration sterilization is:

1), after fruit picking in 1 month, spill in actinidia tree Absorbance linear-combination Spectrophotometry areal concentration and execute biological organic fertilizer 10-15kg/ strain and root fertilizer 0.5-1.0kg/ strain, then more than 20cm is ploughed deeply in fertilization area; Described biological organic fertilizer is conventional commercial biological organic fertilizer; Described root fertilizer, by mass percentage, by 1% through the vegetable oil of plasma treatment, the polymer powder of 90% and 9% water form;

2) their early stage, after Water soluble fertilizer being mixed by weight 1:300-600 ratio with water, sprays full Orchard Soil surface; Described Water soluble fertilizer is the vegetable oil through plasma treatment.