CN113068722A - Composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker and application method - Google Patents
Composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker and application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113068722A CN113068722A CN202110360314.2A CN202110360314A CN113068722A CN 113068722 A CN113068722 A CN 113068722A CN 202110360314 A CN202110360314 A CN 202110360314A CN 113068722 A CN113068722 A CN 113068722A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of kiwifruit canker prevention and treatment, and discloses a composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker and an application method thereof. The active ingredients of the grass-leaved sweetflag rhizome extract and the marigold root extract are compatible to prepare the microemulsion composition, the composition is diluted by 1000 times of liquid for spray application, and the composition can be effectively applied once in one season, so that the disease resistance of the plant is greatly improved; the best time for applying the pesticide is from last ten days of 9 months to before fallen leaves every year, and after the winter pruning work is finished, the disease resistance of the plants can be greatly improved, and the disease incidence is reduced; it can also be applied in the bud stage of spring festival to kill germs and prevent the spread of ulcer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of kiwifruit canker prevention and treatment, and particularly relates to a composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker and an application method thereof.
Background
The pathogen of kiwifruit canker only harms the trunk, branches and tendrils and buds of kiwifruit trees, but not harms fruits. When the branches or trunks are infected, local rotten ulcers are caused, and rusty red color is formed, and pus overflows. Inhibiting the absorption and transportation of plant nutrients, causing weak tree vigor and causing plant death in serious cases; the buds cannot bloom normally after being infected, cry and death after the color turns brown can not bear fruits generally, and if the buds can bear fruits, weak and deformed fruits are obtained with high probability. Once the kiwifruit canker occurs, the quality of the fruit is inevitably reduced seriously and the economic loss is inevitably caused, no specific medicine is available at present for curing the kiwifruit canker, the prevention is generally focused on, and the pathogen of the kiwifruit canker is prevented from entering an orchard by cutting off the transmission path. Generally, the kiwifruit canker is controlled by methods of strengthening quarantine work, removing diseased trees, strengthening fertilizer and water management, preventing and treating chemical agents and the like.
The bacterial canker of the kiwi fruit is mainly infected at 8-9 months, the bacterial canker of the kiwi fruit is attacked at 4-20 ℃ in the next spring, the adaptability of the canker to high temperature is poor, and the bacterial canker of the kiwi fruit is easy to spread when the temperature is low and rainfall is high in the spring. Under the environment of low temperature and high humidity, particularly in the range of 10-14 ℃, the orchards belong to the orchards of the pathogenic bacteria of the ulcer disease. With the excessive spring and summer seasons and the rising of the temperature, the symptoms gradually slow and occur less frequently. The germs live through the winter mainly on the diseased branches and tendrils and can live through the winter in the soil along with the diseased residues. Spread by wind, rain, insects, or pruning tools. Germs enter the plant body from pores, water pores, skin pores, wounds (insect injury, knife injury, frostbite, etc.) and the like to crack.
The kiwifruit canker has extremely strong hiding property, is generally difficult to discover before the mycelial pus flows out in the initial infection stage, and once the mycelial pus flows out, the harm is spread and developed in a large range, so that the disease must be well prevented and treated, and the prevention is more important than the treatment. The chemical agent is an important mode in the existing control method and is a more traditional and most widely used mode, different agents have different functions in controlling the kiwifruit canker, and the using methods are different. Spraying chemical agent can effectively prevent the ulcer disease, but spraying chemical agent for a long time can make the plant generate drug resistance. Therefore, the natural bactericidal substance becomes a key part in the kiwifruit canker prevention and treatment technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the application provides a composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker and an application method thereof. The active ingredients of the composition are natural active ingredients, and the kiwifruit canker can be effectively prevented and treated through compatibility.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts a technical scheme that:
a composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker disease comprises rhizoma Acori Graminei extract and flos Tagetis Erectae root extract as active ingredients; the rhizoma acori graminei extract is an extract obtained by drying and crushing rhizoma acori graminei, extracting with alcohol and concentrating; the marigold root extract is an extract obtained by drying and crushing marigold and then carrying out ester extraction and concentration on the marigold.
Further, the temperature of alcohol extraction of the rhizoma acori graminei extract is 30-35 ℃, and the extraction time is 10-13 h; the temperature of ester extraction of marigold root extract is 20-23 deg.C, and the extraction time is 7-8 h.
Further, the ethanol extraction solvent is ethanol; the solvent for ester extraction is ethyl acetate.
Further, the composition is in a form of microemulsion, and the microemulsion comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-50 parts of rhizoma acori graminei extract, 10-20 parts of marigold extract, 40-65 parts of organic solvent, 10-18 parts of surfactant, 6-9 parts of stabilizer and 2-5 parts of antifreezing agent.
Further, the microemulsion comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
42-48 parts of rhizoma acori graminei extract, 13-16 parts of marigold extract, 48-55 parts of organic solvent, 12-15 parts of surfactant, 7 parts of stabilizer and 4 parts of antifreezing agent.
Further, the organic solvent is selected from any one of ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate; the active agent is selected from any one of phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; the stabilizer is selected from 1, 2-butanediol or isopropyl phosphate; the antifreezing agent is selected from ethylene glycol or glycerol.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an application method of a composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker comprises the steps of diluting the composition by 1000 times of liquid and then spraying, wherein the spraying interval is more than or equal to 15 days.
Further, the composition is administered from 9 months to before defoliation, after winter pruning, or at the spring festival.
Further, the composition may be used in conjunction with a water retention agent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the active ingredients of the grass-leaved sweetflag rhizome extract and the marigold root extract are compatible to prepare the microemulsion composition, the composition is diluted by 1000 times of liquid for spray application, and the composition can be effectively applied once in one season, so that the disease resistance of the plant is greatly improved; the best time for applying the pesticide is from last ten days of 9 months to before fallen leaves every year, and after the winter pruning work is finished, the disease resistance of the plants can be greatly improved, and the disease incidence is reduced; it can also be applied in the bud stage of spring festival to kill germs and prevent the spread of ulcer.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, and it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The invention is susceptible to numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations by those skilled in the art in view of the foregoing disclosure.
Example 1
A composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker comprises:
the active ingredients are rhizoma Acori Graminei extract and flos Tagetis Erectae root extract; the rhizoma acori graminei extract is an extract obtained by drying and crushing rhizoma acori graminei, extracting with alcohol and concentrating; the marigold root extract is an extract obtained by drying and crushing marigold and then carrying out ester extraction and concentration on the marigold.
Wherein the alcohol extraction temperature of the rhizoma acori graminei extract is 30-35 ℃, and the extraction time is 10-13 h; the temperature of ester extraction of marigold root extract is 20-23 ℃, and the extraction time is 7-8 h; the ethanol extraction solvent is ethanol; the solvent for ester extraction is ethyl acetate.
The preparation form of the composition is microemulsion, and the microemulsion comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-50 parts of rhizoma acori graminei extract, 10-20 parts of marigold extract, 40-65 parts of organic solvent, 10-18 parts of surfactant, 6-9 parts of stabilizer and 2-5 parts of antifreezing agent; preferably 42-48 parts of rhizoma acori graminei extract, 13-16 parts of marigold extract, 48-55 parts of organic solvent, 12-15 parts of surfactant, 7 parts of stabilizer and 4 parts of antifreezing agent.
Wherein the organic solvent is selected from any one of ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate; the active agent is selected from any one of phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; the stabilizer is selected from 1, 2-butanediol or isopropyl phosphate; the antifreezing agent is selected from ethylene glycol or glycerol.
Example 2
The preparation method of the marigold root extract comprises the following steps:
drying and grinding marigold root, taking 10g of marigold root powder, putting into a 250mL triangular flask with a stopper, adding 5 times volume of ethyl acetate, shaking and leaching at 23 ℃ for 10h, repeatedly extracting for 3 times, combining 3 times of filtrates, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain an extract.
The preparation method of the rhizoma acori graminei extract comprises the following steps:
drying and crushing rhizoma acori graminei, putting 10g of rhizoma acori graminei powder into a 250mL conical flask, adding 120mL of ethanol, extracting for 8h at 35 ℃ by oscillation, repeatedly extracting for 3 times, combining 3 times of filtrates, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain an extract.
Example 3
An application method of a composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker comprises the steps of diluting the composition by 1000 times of liquid and then carrying out spray application, wherein the application interval is more than or equal to 15 days; the application time is from last ten days of 9 months to before fallen leaves, after the winter pruning is finished or in the spring festival sprouting period.
In order to further improve the control effect, the composition can be used together with a water-retaining agent, and the water-retaining agent can be applied in a hole mode on the root of a kiwi fruit tree in cooperation with spray application of the composition.
Example 4
A composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker comprises:
the preparation form of the composition is microemulsion, and the microemulsion comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50 parts of rhizoma acori graminei extract, 15 parts of marigold extract, 58 parts of methanol, 16 parts of phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether, 8 parts of 1, 2-butanediol and 4 parts of ethylene glycol.
Example 5
A composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker comprises:
the preparation form of the composition is microemulsion, and the microemulsion comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
42 parts of rhizoma acori graminei extract, 13 parts of marigold extract, 50 parts of methanol, 13 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 7 parts of isopropyl phosphate and 4 parts of glycerol.
Example 6
A composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker comprises:
the preparation form of the composition is microemulsion, and the microemulsion comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30 parts of rhizoma acori graminei extract, 11 parts of marigold extract, 42 parts of ethyl acetate, 10 parts of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 6 parts of 1, 2-butanediol and 2 parts of ethylene glycol.
Example 7
The application method of the composition for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker comprises the following steps:
diluting the composition by 1000 times, and performing spray application at application interval of 15 days or more; the application time is from 9 months to before fallen leaves every year.
Example 8
The application method of the composition for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker comprises the following steps:
the composition is diluted into 1200 times of liquid and then sprayed for application, and the application interval is more than or equal to 15 days; the pesticide application time is after the winter pruning work is finished every year.
Example 9
The application method of the composition for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker comprises the following steps:
diluting 1300 times of the composition, and performing spray application at application interval of 15 days or more; the application time is the spring festival sprouting period every year.
Example 10
The application method of the composition for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker comprises the following steps:
diluting 1190 times of the composition, and performing spray application at application interval of 15 days or more; the application time is the spring festival sprouting period every year; meanwhile, the water-retaining agent is matched for use together, and the water-retaining agent can be applied in a hole mode on the root of a kiwi fruit tree and matched with spray application of the composition; the time interval between the spraying and the hole application of the water retention agent is 3-5 days.
Comparative example 1
Compared with example 5, the formula is the same except that the addition of marigold root extract is eliminated.
Comparative example 2
Compared with example 5, the formula is the same except that the addition of the rhizoma acori graminei extract is omitted.
Comparative example 3
Compared with example 5, the addition amount of rhizoma Acori Graminei extract and marigold root extract were changed, and the other formulations were the same.
The composition is in a microemulsion preparation form and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 13 parts of rhizoma acori graminei extract, 42 parts of marigold extract, 50 parts of methanol, 13 parts of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 7 parts of isopropyl phosphate and 4 parts of glycerol.
And (3) field control effect test:
the compositions of examples 4-6 and comparative examples 1-3 were tested for field control effect, and the test site was a field of kiwi fruits in Jiangtian town, Hanxi county, Sichuan province, and the specific method was:
the compositions of examples 4-6 and comparative examples 1-3 were diluted 1200 times each for spray application in the field, and treated with clear water as a control. Repeating the treatment for 3 times, wherein each cell contains 5 kiwifruits, and the kiwifruits are randomly arranged in blocks. After the application, the incidence of kiwifruit canker in each treatment area is investigated and counted, and the incidence, disease index and prevention effect are calculated, and the results are shown in table 1. Calculating the formula:
incidence (%) = (number of affected strains/total number of investigated strains) × 100%
Control effect (%) = [ (incidence of disease in control area with clear water-incidence of disease in treatment area)/incidence of disease in control area with clear water ]. 100%
Disease index = [ Σ (number of affected strains and representative value of the grade)/total number of investigated strains and representative value of the highest grade ]. 100
Disease grading standard: grade 0, no disease; grade 1, mild morbidity, branch morbidity below 1/3 or trunk disease spots not exceeding stem circumference 1/3; grade 2, moderate onset, branch onset or main stem lesion of 1/3-1/2 does not exceed stem circumference 1/3-1/2; grade 3, severe onset, branch onset or main stem lesion of 2/3-4/5 does not exceed stem circumference 1/2-2/3; and 4, the whole plant dies.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the compositions obtained by the compatibility of the acorus gramineus extract and the marigold root extract in examples 4-6 can effectively prevent and treat the kiwifruit canker, and the average prevention effect is over 95%; comparative examples 1-2 are compositions in which the addition of marigold root extract and Acorus tatarinowii Schott extract was removed, respectively, and the compositions in both cases did not produce control effect on kiwifruit canker; comparative example 3 is the case where the addition amounts of marigold root extract and grassleaf sweelflag rhizome extract were changed, and the control effect was also significantly lower than that of examples 4-6, but better than that of comparative examples 1-2 and the control group with clear water. Therefore, only by combining the rhizoma acori graminei extract and the marigold root extract according to the weight parts of the composition, the obtained composition can have an obvious effect of preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A composition for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker disease is characterized in that the active ingredients of the composition are a grass-leaved sweetflag extract and a marigold root extract; the rhizoma acori graminei extract is an extract obtained by drying and crushing rhizoma acori graminei, extracting with alcohol and concentrating; the marigold root extract is an extract obtained by drying and crushing marigold and then carrying out ester extraction and concentration on the marigold.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the alcohol extraction of the Acorus tatarinowii Schott extract is 30-35 ℃, and the extraction time is 10-13 h; the temperature of ester extraction of marigold root extract is 20-23 deg.C, and the extraction time is 7-8 h.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the alcohol extraction solvent is ethanol; the solvent for ester extraction is ethyl acetate.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated as a microemulsion comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-50 parts of rhizoma acori graminei extract, 10-20 parts of marigold extract, 40-65 parts of organic solvent, 10-18 parts of surfactant, 6-9 parts of stabilizer and 2-5 parts of antifreezing agent.
5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the microemulsion comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
42-48 parts of rhizoma acori graminei extract, 13-16 parts of marigold extract, 48-55 parts of organic solvent, 12-15 parts of surfactant, 7 parts of stabilizer and 4 parts of antifreezing agent.
6. The composition according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the organic solvent is selected from any one of ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate; the active agent is selected from any one of phenethyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether; the stabilizer is selected from 1, 2-butanediol or isopropyl phosphate; the antifreezing agent is selected from ethylene glycol or glycerol.
7. The application method of the composition for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that the composition is diluted by 1000 times of 1300 times of liquid and then sprayed, and the application interval is more than or equal to 15 days.
8. The method of use of claim 7, wherein said composition is administered from 9 months to pre-defoliation, after winter pruning, or at spring festival sprouting.
9. The method of use of claim 7, wherein the composition is used in conjunction with a water retention agent.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115067127A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-09-20 | 四川佳猕沃农业科技有限公司 | Biological control method for kiwifruit canker |
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2021
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| CN115067127A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-09-20 | 四川佳猕沃农业科技有限公司 | Biological control method for kiwifruit canker |
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