CN113243233A - Kiwi fruit canker prevention and treatment method - Google Patents
Kiwi fruit canker prevention and treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113243233A CN113243233A CN202110478612.1A CN202110478612A CN113243233A CN 113243233 A CN113243233 A CN 113243233A CN 202110478612 A CN202110478612 A CN 202110478612A CN 113243233 A CN113243233 A CN 113243233A
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- 235000009436 Actinidia deliciosa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title description 10
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- WEEMDRWIKYCTQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethoxybenzenecarbothioamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C(N)=S WEEMDRWIKYCTQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960002385 streptomycin sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VMFXMTJCTSYHCF-HHQUSWFZSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r)-5-(hexylamino)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(7-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,3a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroimidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl)amino]oxan-3-yl] carbamate Chemical compound CCCCCCN[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@@H](CO)OC1\N=C\1NC(C(=O)NCC2O)C2N/1 VMFXMTJCTSYHCF-HHQUSWFZSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PVTHJAPFENJVNC-MHRBZPPQSA-N kasugamycin Chemical compound N[C@H]1C[C@H](NC(=N)C(O)=O)[C@@H](C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O PVTHJAPFENJVNC-MHRBZPPQSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
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- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N brassinolide Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]21 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/66—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
- A01N47/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=CX2 groups, e.g. isothiourea
- A01N47/44—Guanidine; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker, which comprises the steps of arranging a disease and pest monitoring and early warning system in an orchard to monitor and early warn the canker condition of fruit trees in the orchard, whitewashing the fruit trees, spraying a medicament, irrigating roots or trunk infusion for diseased fruit trees and the like, combining the monitoring method with the preventing and treating method to prevent the canker condition in advance, restraining the canker condition of the kiwifruit in the early stage, and achieving a better preventing and treating effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention is applied to the technical field of agricultural pest control, and particularly relates to a method for controlling kiwifruit canker.
Background
The kiwifruit canker is a destructive bacterial disease seriously threatening the production of kiwifruit and is listed as a national forest plant quarantine object. The plant canker is mostly caused by fungi parasitizing on leaves, stem cortex or branches of plants, the fungi are pathogens of various broad-leaved trees or shrub branch cortex, local tissue ulceration and necrosis of plants and cork layer hyperplasia are easily caused, and after the canker infects plants, the canker symptoms are usually not immediately shown and are latent infection. When the trees lose water or lose growth vigor, the trees are developed into ulcer disease spots, and under the condition of untimely treatment, the ulcer is enlarged in successive years, and even stems and branches are broken or die. The prior art has more reports on the prevention and treatment of the kiwifruit canker, but the prevention and treatment schemes for the kiwifruit canker at present mainly comprise branch and trunk coating, spot scraping and medicine applying, root irrigation, trunk infusion or diseased tip removal and the like, but in the practical process, the effects of the schemes are not ideal. At present, the prevention and the treatment of the kiwifruit canker are mainly based on drug prevention and treatment, and few methods for realizing comprehensive prevention and treatment by combining prevention and treatment are available.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the method for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) a pest and disease damage monitoring and early warning system is arranged in the orchard to monitor and early warn the canker condition of fruit trees in the orchard, monitor the canker condition of the fruit trees in real time for 24 hours and send out early warning when the canker target is found;
2) in the last 12 th month, fully whitening the trunk and the main vines by using a whitening agent within 15 days after finishing pruning in winter;
3) spraying the spraying agent to leaves and branches respectively in 3 months, 6 first and last days of the next year, wherein the spraying amount is 1000g per mu;
4) sampling and detecting the fruit trees by a checkerboard sampling method in the last 3 months and the last 9 months of the next year respectively;
5) when the early warning information of canker is received in the step 1) or canker symptoms are detected in the step 4) in a sampling mode, root irrigation or trunk infusion is carried out on the diseased fruit trees by using a sterilizing agent, the medicine is applied once every five days, the medicine is repeatedly applied for 3-5 times, and the concentration of the sterilizing agent is 50-100 times higher when root irrigation is adopted than when trunk infusion is adopted.
Furthermore, the pest monitoring and early warning system comprises an infrared thermal sensor, one infrared thermal sensor is arranged on each fruit tree, the infrared thermal sensors are bound with electronic tags on corresponding fruit trees, and the pest monitoring and early warning system is connected with the control system and the alarm.
Further, the disease and pest monitoring and early warning system further comprises a high-precision image acquisition module, and the high-precision image acquisition module is connected with the control system and the alarm.
The winter pruning refers to scraping off the black natural dead skin of the trunk and the main branches, which is formed by potential of massive pathogenic bacteria and is subjected to cork formation, after the plants fall off leaves in the last 11 th ten days, eliminating all ulcer disease spots on the bark, cutting off diseased branches and tendrils, and cutting off late-sprouted summer tips and autumn tips which are possibly invaded and are not shown. The cut is sterilized after winter pruning.
Further, the whitening agent is prepared by mixing quicklime, sulfur powder, salt, clay and water according to the mass ratio of 11:2: 1-2: 2: 49-54 and then decocting on fire.
Further, the preparation method of the spray comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, zhongshengmycin wettable powder, kasugamycin wettable powder and trichlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder of 8.5-13.5: 1-1.8: 2-3.6: 13-17, mixing, and then, according to the following powder: the water mass ratio is 1: 6000-9000, and mixing to obtain the spray.
Further, the sterilizing agent is a composition I or a composition II, the composition I is a composition formed by mixing streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, zhongshengmycin wettable powder, kasugamycin wettable powder and trichlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder according to a mass ratio of 16-20: 1-2: 2.5-4: 16-20, and the composition II is a composition formed by mixing amino oligosaccharin, brassinolide, amino acid, algin and chitin microemulsion according to a mass ratio of 25-35: 0.03-0.05: 60-90: 25-35: 25-35 in a weight ratio.
Further, in the step 5), when the sterilizing agent is used for root irrigation or trunk infusion of the fruit trees, the composition I or the composition II is applied at intervals.
Further, when root irrigation is adopted for sterilization, the powder of the composition I and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 40-80 and then used, and the emulsion of the composition II and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: and 30-50 mass ratio for use after mixing.
Further, when the trunk is sterilized by infusion, the powder of the composition I and water are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: 3000-5000 for use, and the emulsion of the composition II and water are mixed according to a ratio of 1:2500 mass percent of the above-mentioned components were mixed and used.
The application of the composition I or the composition II at intervals refers to that the composition I is adopted to carry out root irrigation or trunk infusion on the roots of the fruit trees during the first application, the composition II is used to carry out root irrigation or trunk infusion on the roots of the fruit trees after five days, the composition I is reused to carry out root irrigation or trunk infusion on the roots of the fruit trees after five days, and the steps are repeated in sequence until the application is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker combines the monitoring method and the preventing and treating method, prevents the kiwifruit canker in advance, restrains the kiwifruit canker in the early stage, has better preventing and treating effect, and particularly reduces the occurrence of large-area canker. Adopt intelligent plant diseases and insect pests monitoring and early warning system to carry out all-weather control to the orchard during prevention, the real-time supervision canker condition cooperates regularly sampling detection in addition, and the discovery disease is in time treated, and has avoided just regularly giving medicine to the monitoring of disease waste, pollution that cause, and has influenced the quality of kiwi fruit. In the pesticide application process, the sterilization type medicines and the resistance increasing type medicines are used in an interval matched mode, so that the resistance of the kiwi fruit trees is improved while treatment is carried out.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker comprises the following steps:
1) a pest and disease damage monitoring and early warning system is arranged in the orchard to monitor and early warn the canker condition of fruit trees in the orchard, monitor the canker condition of the fruit trees in real time for 24 hours and send out early warning when the canker target is found;
2) in the last 12 th month, fully whitening the trunk and the main vines by using a whitening agent within 15 days after finishing pruning in winter;
3) spraying the spraying agent to leaves and branches respectively in 3 months, 6 first and last days of the next year, wherein the spraying amount is 1000g per mu;
4) sampling and detecting the fruit trees by a checkerboard sampling method in the last 3 months and the last 9 months of the next year respectively;
5) when the early warning information of canker is received in the step 1) or canker symptoms are detected in the step 4) in a sampling mode, root irrigation or trunk infusion is carried out on the diseased fruit trees by using a sterilizing agent, the medicine is applied once every five days, the medicine is repeatedly applied for 3-5 times, and the concentration of the sterilizing agent is 50-100 times higher when root irrigation is adopted than when trunk infusion is adopted.
When the pesticide is applied to the diseased fruit trees, the mode of root irrigation or trunk infusion is adopted, so that the pesticide can be directly contacted with germs, and compared with a spraying method, the pesticide directly enters the interior of the fruit trees, and the control effect is more direct and more lasting. Particularly, the mode of tree trunk infusion is adopted, the medicament directly enters the interior of the tree trunk and directly acts on pathogenic bacteria, the prevention and treatment effect is more direct, and the use concentration is smaller than that of root irrigation.
The pest and disease damage monitoring and early warning system in the step 1) comprises infrared thermal sensors, each fruit tree is provided with one infrared thermal sensor, the infrared thermal sensors are bound with electronic tags on corresponding fruit trees, and the pest and disease damage monitoring and early warning system is connected with a control system and an alarm. After the infrared thermal sensor is bound with the electronic tag on the fruit tree, the temperature displayed by the infrared thermal sensor is the temperature of the corresponding fruit tree, when the infrared thermal sensor detects that the temperature is abnormal, the alarm connected with the infrared thermal sensor gives an alarm, and the position of the corresponding diseased fruit tree is displayed, so that the diseased fruit tree can be found quickly and prevented.
The pest and disease monitoring and early warning system further comprises a high-precision image acquisition module, and the high-precision image acquisition module is connected with the control system and the alarm. Utilize high accuracy image acquisition module and infrared thermoinduction appearance cooperation to monitor, the monitoring precision is higher, can discover as early as possible to the cooperation of the high accuracy image acquisition module with the fruit tree that the initial sick temperature change is not obvious.
Example 1:
a method for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker comprises the following steps:
1) a pest and disease damage monitoring and early warning system is arranged in the orchard to monitor and early warn the canker condition of fruit trees in the orchard, monitor the canker condition of the fruit trees in real time for 24 hours and send out early warning when the canker target is found;
2) after the plants all fall leaves in 11 th-month late ten-day, scraping off the black natural dead skin of the trunks and main branches, which is subjected to the lignification by latent pathogenic bacteria, eliminating all ulcer spots on the bark, cutting off diseased branches and tendrils, cutting off late-sprouted summer tips and autumn tips which are possibly invaded and are not yet manifested, and disinfecting the cut after trimming in winter. In the last 12 th month, fully whitening the trunk and the main vines by using a whitening agent within 15 days after finishing pruning in winter; the whitening agent is prepared by mixing quicklime, sulfur powder, salt, clay and water according to the mass ratio of 11:2:1:2:54 and then decocting on fire.
3) Spraying the spraying agent to leaves and branches respectively in 3 months, 6 first and last days of the next year, wherein the spraying amount is 1000g per mu; the preparation method of the spray comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, zhongshengmycin wettable powder, kasugamycin wettable powder and trichlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder of 8.5:1.8:2:17, and mixing the raw materials according to the following powder: the water mass ratio is 1: 8000 to obtain the spray.
4) Sampling and detecting the fruit trees by a checkerboard sampling method in the last 3 months and the last 9 months of the next year respectively;
5) when the ulcer disease early warning information is received in the step 1) or the ulcer disease symptom is detected in the sampling step 4), trunk transfusion is carried out on the diseased fruit tree by adopting the composition I or the composition II, the medicine is applied once every five days, and the medicine is repeatedly applied for 5 times. The first application of the medicine is to perform tree trunk transfusion on the fruit tree by adopting the composition I, the tree trunk transfusion is performed on the fruit tree by using the composition II after five days, the tree trunk transfusion is performed on the fruit tree by using the composition I again after five days, and the steps are repeated for 5 times in sequence until the application of the medicine is completed.
The preparation method of the composition I comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, zhongshengmycin wettable powder, kasugamycin wettable powder and trichlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder of 16:2:2.5:20, mixing, and mixing with water according to the mass ratio of 1: 5000.
The preparation method of the composition II comprises the following steps: according to the mass ratio of amino-oligosaccharin, brassinolide, amino acid, algin and chitin microemulsion of 25:0.05: 60: weighing the raw materials according to the weight ratio of 35:25, mixing the raw materials and water according to the mass ratio of 1:2500 to obtain the water-based paint.
Example 2:
a method for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker comprises the following steps:
1) a pest and disease damage monitoring and early warning system is arranged in the orchard to monitor and early warn the canker condition of fruit trees in the orchard, monitor the canker condition of the fruit trees in real time for 24 hours and send out early warning when the canker target is found;
2) after the plants all fall leaves in 11 th-month late ten-day, scraping off the black natural dead skin of the trunks and main branches, which is subjected to the lignification by latent pathogenic bacteria, eliminating all ulcer spots on the bark, cutting off diseased branches and tendrils, cutting off late-sprouted summer tips and autumn tips which are possibly invaded and are not yet manifested, and disinfecting the cut after trimming in winter. In the last 12 th month, fully whitening the trunk and the main vines by using a whitening agent within 15 days after finishing pruning in winter; the whitening agent is prepared by mixing quicklime, sulfur powder, salt, clay and water according to the mass ratio of 11:2:2:2:49 and then decocting on fire.
3) Spraying the spraying agent to leaves and branches respectively in 3 months, 6 first and last days of the next year, wherein the spraying amount is 1000g per mu; the preparation method of the spray comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, zhongshengmycin wettable powder, kasugamycin wettable powder and trichlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder of 13.5:1:3.6:13, and mixing the raw materials according to the following powder: the water mass ratio is 1: 6000 to obtain the spray.
4) Sampling and detecting the fruit trees by a checkerboard sampling method in the last 3 months and the last 9 months of the next year respectively;
5) when the ulcer disease early warning information is received in the step 1) or the ulcer disease symptoms are sampled and detected in the step 4), root irrigation is carried out on the roots of the diseased fruit trees by adopting the composition I or the composition II, the medicine is applied once every five days, and the application is repeated for 3 times. The root of the fruit tree is irrigated by the composition I when the pesticide is applied for the first time, the root of the fruit tree is irrigated by the composition II after five days, the root of the fruit tree is irrigated by the composition I again after five days, and the root irrigation is repeated for 3 times until the pesticide application is completed.
The preparation method of the composition I comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, zhongshengmycin wettable powder, kasugamycin wettable powder and trichlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder of 20:1:4:16, mixing, and mixing with water according to the mass ratio of 1:60 to obtain the streptomycin sulfate wettable powder.
The preparation method of the composition II comprises the following steps: according to the mass ratio of amino-oligosaccharin, brassinolide, amino acid, algin and chitin microemulsion of 35:0.03: 90: weighing the raw materials in a ratio of 25:35, mixing, and mixing with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 40.
Example 3:
a method for preventing and treating kiwifruit canker comprises the following steps:
1) a pest and disease damage monitoring and early warning system is arranged in the orchard to monitor and early warn the canker condition of fruit trees in the orchard, monitor the canker condition of the fruit trees in real time for 24 hours and send out early warning when the canker target is found;
2) after the plants all fall leaves in 11 th-month late ten-day, scraping off the black natural dead skin of the trunks and main branches, which is subjected to the lignification by latent pathogenic bacteria, eliminating all ulcer spots on the bark, cutting off diseased branches and tendrils, cutting off late-sprouted summer tips and autumn tips which are possibly invaded and are not yet manifested, and disinfecting the cut after trimming in winter. In the last 12 th month, fully whitening the trunk and the main vines by using a whitening agent within 15 days after finishing pruning in winter; the whitening agent is prepared by mixing quicklime, sulfur powder, salt, clay and water according to the mass ratio of 11:2:1.5:2:52 and then decocting on fire.
3) Spraying the spraying agent to leaves and branches respectively in 3 months, 6 first and last days of the next year, wherein the spraying amount is 1000g per mu; the preparation method of the spray comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, zhongshengmycin wettable powder, kasugamycin wettable powder and trichlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder of 11:1.5:2.8:15, and mixing the raw materials according to the following powder: the water mass ratio is 1: 8000 to obtain the spray.
4) Sampling and detecting the fruit trees by a checkerboard sampling method in the last 3 months and the last 9 months of the next year respectively;
5) when ulcer early warning information is received in the step 1) or ulcer symptoms are sampled and detected in the step 4), trunk transfusion is carried out on the diseased fruit trees by adopting the composition I or the composition II, the medicine is applied once every five days, and the medicine is repeatedly applied for 4 times. The first application of the medicine is to perform tree trunk transfusion on the fruit tree by adopting the composition I, the tree trunk transfusion is performed on the fruit tree by using the composition II after five days, the tree trunk transfusion is performed on the fruit tree by using the composition I again after five days, and the steps are repeated for 4 times in sequence until the application of the medicine is completed.
The preparation method of the composition I comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, zhongshengmycin wettable powder, kasugamycin wettable powder and trichlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder being 18:1.5:3.5:18, mixing, and mixing with water according to the mass ratio of 1:4000 to obtain the streptomycin sulfate wettable powder.
The preparation method of the composition II comprises the following steps: according to the mass ratio of amino-oligosaccharin, brassinolide, amino acid, algin and chitin microemulsion of 30:0.04: 80: weighing the raw materials at a ratio of 30:30, mixing, and mixing with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 2500.
By adopting the method of the embodiment 3 to test 98 kiwi fruit orchards, under the condition that other measures such as rich water, medicaments and the like are not changed, the control method of the embodiment 3 is adopted to manage, 53 fruit trees in the orchard all over the year have sporadic canker, one-time large-area infected canker, and related to 16 fruit trees, 1 fruit tree is dead, the sporadic canker morbidity accounts for 54%, and the large-area canker morbidity accounts for 16.3%. And digging up the dead fruit trees with roots, disinfecting soil, and checking the fruit trees one by one when pruning in winter in the current year to completely cure the fruit trees.
The remaining 97 fruit trees are also managed according to the control method of the embodiment 3 of the invention in the next year, 57 fruit trees in the whole orchard in the next year suffer sporadic canker, large-area canker is not found, no fruit tree is dead, and the incidence rate of the sporadic canker accounts for 58.7%. In the third year, the remaining 97 fruit trees are also managed according to the control method of the embodiment 3 of the invention, 38 fruit trees in the whole orchard generate sporadic canker in the next year, large-area canker is not found, no fruit tree is dead, and the incidence rate of the sporadic canker accounts for 39.2%.
In conclusion, when the method is used for preventing and treating kiwi fruit trees, the development of germs can be quickly inhibited at the early stage of disease occurrence through monitoring and sampling detection of a disease and pest monitoring and early warning system, the disease occurrence rate is reduced, particularly the disease occurrence of large-area canker is avoided, and the disease occurrence rate of the large-area canker can be reduced to zero by using the method for preventing and treating kiwi fruit trees for a long time.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions of equivalents, and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) a pest and disease damage monitoring and early warning system is arranged in the orchard to monitor and early warn the canker condition of fruit trees in the orchard, monitor the canker condition of the fruit trees in real time for 24 hours and send out early warning when the canker target is found;
2) in the last 12 th month, fully whitening the trunk and the main vines by using a whitening agent within 15 days after finishing pruning in winter;
3) spraying the spraying agent to leaves and branches respectively in 3 months, 6 first and last days of the next year, wherein the spraying amount is 1000g per mu;
4) sampling and detecting the fruit trees by a checkerboard sampling method in the last 3 months and the last 9 months of the next year respectively;
5) when the early warning information of canker is received in the step 1) or canker symptoms are detected in the step 4) in a sampling mode, root irrigation or trunk infusion is carried out on the diseased fruit trees by using a sterilizing agent, the medicine is applied once every five days, the medicine is repeatedly applied for 3-5 times, and the concentration of the sterilizing agent is 50-100 times higher when root irrigation is adopted than when trunk infusion is adopted.
2. The method for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pest and disease monitoring and early warning system comprises an infrared thermal sensor, one infrared thermal sensor is arranged on each fruit tree, the infrared thermal sensors are bound with electronic tags on corresponding fruit trees, and the pest and disease monitoring and early warning system is connected with a control system and an alarm.
3. The method for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the whitening agent is prepared by mixing quicklime, sulfur powder, salt, clay and water according to the mass ratio of 11:2: 1-2: 2: 49-54 and then decocting on fire.
4. The method for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the spray comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio of streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, zhongshengmycin wettable powder, kasugamycin wettable powder and trichlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder of 8.5-13.5: 1-1.8: 2-3.6: 13-17, mixing, and then, according to the following powder: the water mass ratio is 1: 6000-9000, and mixing to obtain the spray.
5. The method for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the sterilizing agent is a composition I or a composition II, the composition I is a composition formed by mixing streptomycin sulfate soluble powder, zhongshengmycin wettable powder, kasugamycin wettable powder and trichlorobromoisocyanuric acid wettable powder according to the mass ratio of 16-20: 1-2: 2.5-4: 16-20, and the composition II is a composition formed by mixing amino oligosaccharin, brassinolide, amino acid, algin and chitin microemulsion according to the mass ratio of 25-35: 0.03-0.05: 60-90: 25-35: 25-35 in a weight ratio.
6. The method for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker as claimed in claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 5) applying the pesticide by adopting the composition I or the composition II at intervals when root irrigation or trunk infusion is carried out on the fruit trees by adopting the sterilizing agent.
7. The method for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when root irrigation is adopted for sterilization, the powder of the composition I and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 40-80 and then used, and the emulsion of the composition II and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: and 30-50 mass ratio for use after mixing.
8. The method for preventing and treating the kiwifruit canker as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the trunk is sterilized by infusion, the powder of the composition I and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 3000-5000 for use, and the emulsion of the composition II and water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2500 mass percent of the above-mentioned components were mixed and used.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104782423A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-07-22 | 西安拓达农业科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional prevention and treatment method of bacterial canker of kiwifruits |
| CN104886112A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-09 | 重庆三峡职业学院 | Hung bag injection type combined reagent for prevention and control of kiwi fruit canker and use method thereof |
| CN109799772A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-05-24 | 重庆水利电力职业技术学院 | A kind of red kiwi fruit canker pre-alarming control system and method |
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- 2021-04-30 CN CN202110478612.1A patent/CN113243233A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104782423A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-07-22 | 西安拓达农业科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional prevention and treatment method of bacterial canker of kiwifruits |
| CN104886112A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-09 | 重庆三峡职业学院 | Hung bag injection type combined reagent for prevention and control of kiwi fruit canker and use method thereof |
| CN109799772A (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2019-05-24 | 重庆水利电力职业技术学院 | A kind of red kiwi fruit canker pre-alarming control system and method |
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