A kind of production method of preventing disease and pest fertilizer
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic fertilizer production technical field, more particularly to a kind of preparation method of preventing disease and pest fertilizer.
Background technology
Nicotine, popular name nicotine is a kind of alkaloid being present in plant of Solanaceae, is also the important component of tobacco.Cloud
South, as one of the main product ground of tobacco, annual tobacco redrying, the cigarette discarded object for producing about 100,000 tons, cause environmental pollution and
The significant wastage of resource.Sulphation nicotine extracts from tobacco redrying, cigarette solid waste, and main component is C20H28N4·
H2SO4, sulphation nicotine can be used as a kind of noresidue, broad spectrum disinfestation, the extensive natural plants broad spectrum activity green plants of applicable crops
Organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content in insecticide and antiseptic, and the tobacco waste residue after extraction does not occur more changeable
Change, be a kind of outstanding organic fertilizer raw materials for production.But when with conventional compostation technique productions, it becomes thoroughly decomposed the time tobacco waste residue
Long, organic matter transformation rate is low, is to strengthen fermentation, and mainly ventilation upset is carried out to heap body during compost, if upset is not in time, heap body
It is in facultative conditions or anaerobic condition;If strengthening upset, energy consumption is too high, and production cost is higher.
Containing organic matter 38% in cow dung, nitrogen 0.30~0.45%, phosphorus 0.15~0.25%, potassium 0.10~0.15%, it has
Nutrient content is minimum in various animal wastes needed for machine matter and crops, and a kind of traditional low nutrient of category imitates late organic fertilizer,
Cannot function as the single raw material of commodity fertilizer to be produced.
The method that prior art discloses some preventing disease and pest fertilizers and its making, such as Chinese patent fertilizer and its system
Preparation Method and a kind of method (application number of preventing and treating soil-borne disease insect pest:201210359251.X, publication date:On January 9th, 2013),
The mass ratio that it discloses a kind of fertilizer, including the first component and the second component, the first component and the second component is 1:1-
900, wherein, the first component is sym-closene and/or chlorobromide isocyanuric acid, and the second component is residue dry powder after tobacco leaf extraction
And/or tobacco waste dry powder.Instant invention overcomes residue dry powder is directly or rotten after tobacco waste dry powder or tobacco leaf are extracted
Toxic effect decay or fertilizer efficiency caused when being used for farmland sysrem after ripe discharges slow defect, can significantly improve soil fertilizer
Power, increases considerably crop yield, meanwhile, with significant Pesticidal and sterilizing effect.The present invention using have strong oxidizer and
The chemical substance of chlorinating agent, although overcome after extracting on tobacco waste dry powder or tobacco leaf residue dry powder directly or use after becoming thoroughly decomposed
Caused toxic effect decay or fertilizer efficiency when farmland sysrem discharges slow defect, but while also reduces tobacco waste
Dry powder or tobacco leaf extract after residue dry powder as high-quality organic fertilizer raw material function, and using the change of strong oxidizer and chlorinating agent
Article is learned, potential safety hazard can be brought to crops.
The content of the invention
For deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one kind can be solid to tobacco
Waste residue after extracting in body discarded object is fully fermented, and improves fertilizer fertilizer efficiency, and makes fertilizer have pre- diseases prevention simultaneously
The function of insect pest.The present invention overcomes tobacco waste residue difficulty and becomes thoroughly decomposed and organic matter by adding fermentation raising agent during the fermentation
The low problem of conversion ratio.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:A kind of producer of preventing disease and pest fertilizer
Method, it is characterised in that:Including the processing step of following orders:
(1) sulphation nicotine is extracted:Solid tobacco waste of the nicotine content more than 0.8% is taken, using flat turn oil immersion
Method extracts the sulphation nicotine that concentration is 10%, then sulphation nicotine is diluted to standby after 0.5 ‰ concentration;
(2) pre fermentation:By weight percentage it is 1 by the tobacco waste residue after cow dung and extraction sulphation nicotine:3 ratio is mixed
Close, in the ratio of mixture weight 1.5-2 ‰ fermented bacterium is added, then it is loose in the ratio addition fermentation of mixture weight 1%
Agent, after mixture is put in pre fermentation tank, lead to oxygen stirring fermentation 3d, described fermentation raising agent is by following weight percentage
The powder raw material of ratio is obtained by mixing:25-35% starch, 10-15% calcium carbonate, 25-30% ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 5-15% are anhydrous
Alum and 15-25% calcium dihydrogen phosphates;
(3) main fermentation:Mixture Jing after step (2) pre fermentation is poured in main fermentation storehouse, by mixture weight 1.5%
Ratio addition fermentation raising agent, lead to aerobe fermentation 18d;
(4) secondary fermentation:Mixture Jing after step (3) main fermentation is poured into and is become thoroughly decomposed in fermentation cabin, by mixture weight
0.5% ratio addition fermentation raising agent, leads to aerobe fermentation 5d, and decomposed manure is obtained;
(5) compound:Add obtained in Jing steps (1) 0.5 ‰ sulphation in the 10% of decomposed manure weight ratio
Nicotine, is well mixed;
(6) crush and sieve:By the fertilizer Jing after step (5) compounding, through crushing, after screening, prepared preventing disease and pest has
Machine fertilizer.
Fermentation raising agent of the present invention is obtained by mixing by the powder raw material of following weight percentage:30% starch,
10% calcium carbonate, 28% ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 10% anhydrous potassium aluminium sulfate and 22% calcium dihydrogen phosphate.
The aperture of screen cloth is 3.5mm when step (6) of the present invention is sieved.
Compared with prior art, the device have the advantages that having:
1st, the tobacco waste residue after the present invention is extracted with cow dung and sulphation nicotine carries out aerobic fermentation as raw material, compounds
The sulphation nicotine production preventing disease and pest fertilizer of 0.5 ‰ concentration, greatly make use of tobacco redrying, cigarette discarded object and cow dung
Resource, obtained fertilizer can kill 4 kinds of common subterranean pest-insects in addition to having functions that common fertilizer, and 5 kinds are made on the ground
Thing insect, resists 18 kinds of germ spore germinations and colony growth, hence it is evident that better than other common fertilizer kinds.Have obtained in the present invention
Machine fertilizer after illumination can natural decomposition, be it is a kind of efficiently, noresidue, widely applicable novel green disease and insect resistance fertilizer
Material.
It is 2nd, of the invention due to all adding fermentation raising agent in fertilizer pre fermentation, main fermentation and secondary fermentation three phases,
CO2 can be produced through reacted raising agent and release heat, make heap body itself form porous environment, heap body aerobic fermentation energy
Power is strengthened, and heating rate is fast, and fermentation temperature is high, can quick composting fertilizer, therefore improve cow dung and tobacco waste residue becomes thoroughly decomposed journey
Degree, shortens raw material and becomes thoroughly decomposed the time, accelerates the degraded of organic matter in raw material, improves the raw material nutrient structure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, moreover it is possible to reduce sending out
Ferment process mechanism overturns energy consumption, and the raw material after fermenting is prevented from caking, also reduces the energy consumption of crushing process.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of production method of preventing disease and pest fertilizer, it is characterised in that:Including the processing step of following orders:
(1) sulphation nicotine is extracted:Take nicotine content 0.8% with solid tobacco waste, using flat turn immersion method
The sulphation nicotine that concentration is 10% is extracted, then sulphation nicotine is diluted to standby after 0.5 ‰ concentration;Flat turn immersion method
It is to utilize rotocel extractor, pretreated tobacco waste is extracted using extractant, carries out reacting afterwards with diluted acid
To 10% sulphation nicotine.
(2) pre fermentation:0.3 ton of cow dung and 0.7 ton of tobacco waste residue extracted after sulphation nicotine are taken, 2kg is added after mixing
Fermented bacterium, fermented bacterium can select commercially available conventional bacterial classification, then add 10kg fermentation raising agents, put into pre fermentation tank
In, leading to oxygen stirring fermentation 3d, 10kg fermentation raising agents are obtained by mixing by following percentage by weights by the following raw material of powdery:
25% starch, 10% calcium carbonate, 25% ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 15% anhydrous potassium aluminium sulfate, 25% calcium dihydrogen phosphate.
(3) main fermentation:Compound Jing after step (2) pre fermentation is poured in main fermentation storehouse, addition 15kg fermentations are loose
Agent, leads to aerobe fermentation 18d, and 15kg fermentation raising agents are obtained by mixing by following percentage by weights by the following raw material of powdery:25%
Starch, 10% calcium carbonate, 25% ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 15% anhydrous potassium aluminium sulfate, 25% calcium dihydrogen phosphate.
(4) secondary fermentation:Compound Jing after step (3) main fermentation is poured into and is become thoroughly decomposed in fermentation cabin, addition 5kg fermentations are dredged
Loose agent, leads to aerobe fermentation 5d, and decomposed manure is obtained.5kg fermentation raising agents press following percentage by weights by the following raw material of powdery
It is obtained by mixing:25% starch, 10% calcium carbonate, 25% ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 15% anhydrous potassium aluminium sulfate, 25% calcium dihydrogen phosphate.
(5) compound:Add the sulphation nicotine of 100kg0.5 ‰ in obtained 1000kg decomposed manures, mixing is equal
It is even.
(6) crush and sieve:By the fertilizer Jing after step (5) compounding, through crushing, after screening, prepared preventing disease and pest has
Machine fertilizer, the aperture of screen cloth is 3.5mm during screening.
Preventing disease and pest fertilizer obtained in the present embodiment is prevented and treated 9 kinds of common insect pests, 13 kinds of germ spore germinations suppress, 5
The result of the test for planting the suppression of germ colony growth is shown in Table 1, table 2 and table 3.
Table 1 pair 9 kinds of common insect pests prevent and treat situation
Crop pests title |
KT50 (killing time of 50(KT50)) |
LT50 (LD50 time) |
Mole cricket |
24h |
48h |
Grub |
48h |
72h |
Cricket |
24h |
48h |
Cutworm |
48h |
72h |
Wheat aphid |
72h |
96h |
Corn borer |
72h |
96h |
Planthopper |
72h |
96h |
Diamondback moth |
72h |
96h |
Leaf roller |
72h |
96h |
13 kinds of germ spore germinations of table 2 pair suppress situation
Test bacterial classification |
Germination rate (%) |
Inhibiting rate (%) |
Celery septoria disease bacterium |
15 |
82 |
Wheat leaf rust germ |
35 |
62 |
Millet kernel smut bacterium |
40 |
55 |
Cucumber powdery mildew's pathogen |
39 |
53 |
Marssonina coronaria |
41 |
57 |
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum |
33 |
65 |
Kidney bean tail spore germ |
20 |
78 |
Phytophthora infestans |
50 |
48 |
Ustilago tritici |
52 |
45 |
Cucumber cream viral disease bacterium |
60 |
38 |
Ustilago maydis bacterium |
55 |
43 |
Flag smut of wheat bacterium |
40 |
59 |
Willow Cercospora Sojina Hara |
40 |
58 |
5 kinds of germ colony growths of table 3 pair suppress situation
Test bacterial classification |
Clump count (CFU/ml) |
Inhibiting rate (%) |
Escherichia coli |
25 |
96 |
Hay bacillus |
44 |
89 |
Capsicum rhizoctonia solani |
31 |
46 |
Kidney bean tail spore germ |
169 |
30 |
Phytophthora infestans |
120 |
37 |
Embodiment 2
Fermentation raising agent used is obtained after being mixed by following percentage by weights by the following raw material of powdery in the present embodiment:
35% starch, 15% calcium carbonate, 30% ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 5% anhydrous potassium aluminium sulfate, 15% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, remaining same embodiment
1。
Embodiment 3
Fermentation raising agent used is obtained after being mixed by following percentage by weights by the following raw material of powdery in the present embodiment:
30% starch, 10% calcium carbonate, 28% ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 10% anhydrous potassium aluminium sulfate and 22% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, remaining is with enforcement
Example 1.
Comparative example
The comparative example with embodiment 3, simply without fermentation during pre fermentation, main fermentation and secondary fermentation three
Raising agent.
Test result analysis:After the addition fermentation raising agent of embodiment 3, fermenting raw materials initial stage pH is 5.3, and pH is after becoming thoroughly decomposed
7.3, and pH is 7.8 after comparative example is become thoroughly decomposed.The initial content of organic matter of the fermenting raw materials of embodiment 3 is 65.7%, after fermenting the 35th day,
The content of organic matter is 45.05%, and comparative example is 49.7%, and compared with comparative example, embodiment 3 is conducive to accelerating the drop of organic matter
Solution and mineralising.The GI values (seed germination index) of fermenting raw materials initial stage, embodiment 3 and comparative example are 0, and embodiment 3 is in fermentation
After 10th day, GI values begin to ramp up, and after fermentation 15d, GI values just begin to ramp up comparative example;During fermentation ends (the 35th day),
The GI values of embodiment 3 are 86.87%, and more than the critical point (80.00%) of fertilizer rotten index, comparative example GI value is
78.98%, less than the critical point of fertilizer rotten index, the fermentation period of embodiment 3 substantially shortens.Result of the test is shown in Table 4.
Table 4