CN104718823A - Deep scarification intertillage weeding and fertilization integrated machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an integrated machine for subsoiling, intertillage, weeding and fertilization, which is characterized in that it consists of a frame, a traction device, an anti-blocking device, a subsoiling and intertillage weeding device, a self-locking device, an automatic reset device, a depth control device and a layered fertilization device Composition; Compared with the prior art, the present invention can implement layered fertilization of crops according to the different requirements for fertilizers during the growth period of crops. When encountering a hard obstacle, the plow body can avoid the obstacle, so the damage of the plow body can be reduced, and after bypassing the obstacle, the plow body can automatically reset, which greatly increases the working efficiency.

Description

Subsoiling intertillage weeding and fertilization machine

technical field

The invention relates to an integrated machine for subsoiling, intertillage, weeding and fertilization.

Background technique

At present, in agricultural cultivation, soil subsoiling, intertillage, weeding and fertilization is an effective means to change the growth of crops. Soil subsoiling refers to the use of a subsoiler to loosen the plow bottom layer 5 to 15 cm below the plowing layer, loosen the soil and Deepen the thickness of the loose soil layer. As an important technology of soil cultivation, subsoiling has been paid more and more attention at home and abroad. Long-term plowing or stubble removal operations will cause the bottom of the plow to float up and the cultivated layer will become shallower. Finally, soil erosion will intensify and the soil will gradually degrade. The more degraded the soil, the lower the income of farmers and the lower the production efficiency. Weeding can reduce the waste of nutrients absorbed by weeds and improve the utilization rate of nutrients. Fertilization is to improve nutrients and increase food production.

One is: soil deep loosening and inter-cultivation technology can break the soil compaction, and then deepen the cultivation layer. Soil subsoiling can break the hard plow bottom layer formed by plowing or stubble removal for many years, increase the thickness of the plow layer, and create good soil conditions for the normal growth of crops. Breaking the bottom layer of the plow can improve soil permeability, thereby improving the coordination ability of water, fertilizer, gas and heat of the soil, improving soil fertility level and buffering capacity, and increasing field water holding capacity.

The second is: soil deep loosening and cultivating technology can change the physical and chemical properties of soil. Improve the three phases of soil solid, gaseous and liquid substances, strengthen beneficial microbial activities, accelerate the mineralization and weathering of organic matter, change soil structure, enhance soil adsorption capacity, change soil physical and chemical properties, and improve fertilizer utilization.

The third is: Soil deep loosening and cultivating technology can improve the lodging resistance of crops. The thickened sheet-like structure soil layer at the bottom of the plow reduces the vertically distributed roots of crops and increases the horizontally distributed roots. It is difficult to use deep mineral nutrients, and the lodging resistance of crops also decreases. Subsoiling operations, breaking the bottom of the plow, forming rat holes, increased the depth of the plow layer and the water permeability of the soil, blocked the loss of upper and lower water, resisted drought and waterlogging, stored water and conserved moisture, facilitated the deep rooting of crops, and finally achieved lodging resistance.

The fourth is: soil deep loosening and cultivating technology can greatly improve the ability of soil water storage and moisture conservation. After mechanical deep loosening, the soil can absorb more rainwater and establish a good "soil reservoir" to reduce surface runoff and avoid soil erosion. More importantly, it can store rainwater in summer and autumn in the soil to store water and preserve moisture. Effect.

The fifth is: soil weeding technology can reduce the absorption of nutrients in the soil by weeds, thereby improving the utilization rate of nutrients for crops, reducing unnecessary waste and increasing crop yields.

Sixth, soil fertilization can provide crops with different nutrients needed to promote their growth and development in the process of growth and development. , sulfur, boron, etc. are also necessary for plant growth. However, the nutrient elements in the plant growth environment often cannot meet its needs, especially the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, so it is necessary to supplement the nutrient elements of plants through additional fertilization to improve the high yield and high yield of crops.

However, for the subsoiling of soil, when the existing subsoiler is used for operation, the traction resistance of the subsoiler increases with the increase of the subsoiling depth. At present, the four-row subsoiling needs medium and high-power tractors to realize it. It increases the cost of subsoiling and fuel consumption, and because of the large size of the high-power tractor, it brings difficulties to turn the ground.

Most of the existing subsoilers, intertillage weeders, and fertilizers are separated. To complete these processes, the machines need to go into the ground several times to re-compact the surface soil, which will make the soil harden and make it difficult for crops to grow. And the machine has greatly increased the manpower and material resources for multiple advances, and the cost has been greatly increased. The nutrients required by crops in different growth periods are different. Fertilization at the same location will cause unnecessary waste of fertilizers, or even burn seedlings, which will affect the normal growth of crops.

At present, there are two or three functions integrated into one, but the work performance is relatively poor when working, and the effect when working alone cannot be achieved, and there is no self-protection and automatic recovery function, which brings secondary inconvenience to the work. Layered fertilization does not have a simpler adjustable action function. Some machines adopt the spring protection function, but they require a lot of strength during work, which greatly increases the production and processing costs, and the replacement of parts is also cumbersome. The fertilization sprocket drive adopts single-side sprocket drive, which is easy to cause uneven fertilization.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a subsoiling intertillage weeding and fertilizing integrated machine for the above existing problems.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The present invention is characterized in that it is composed of a frame, a traction device, an anti-blocking device, a subsoiling intertillage and weeding device, a self-locking device, an automatic reset device, a depth control device and a layered fertilization device;

The above-mentioned traction device is located at the front of the frame, and the traction device is composed of a diagonal stay rod and a lower traction plate. The diagonal stay rod is "herringbone", and the lower end of the "herringbone" diagonal stay rod is fixed on the frame The lower end of the diagonal tie rod is fixed on the front beam of the frame through bolt connection, one end of the frame connecting rod is fixed on the "herringbone" diagonal stay rod through bolt connection, and the other end of the frame connecting rod is fixed on the frame through bolt connection. On the rear beam of the frame, the upper end of the diagonal tie rod is connected with the tractor's traction device with pins, and the two lower traction plates are fixed on both sides of the front end of the frame;

The above-mentioned anti-blocking device is composed of a coulter disc, a coulter disc column and a coulter disc seat. There are several holes, and the cutting depth of the coulter disc can be adjusted by connecting different holes;

The above-mentioned subsoiling and intertillage weeding device is arranged at the rear of the frame, and the subsoiling and intertillage weeding device is a subsoiling shovel. The plowshare is arranged at the rear of the frame, the shovel wing is arranged at the bottom of the ploughshare, and the shovel tip is arranged at the front part of the shovel wing;

The above-mentioned self-locking device is composed of a self-locking hook, a self-locking compression spring and a self-locking seat; the automatic reset device is arranged at the bottom of the frame, the self-locking seat is arranged on the back beam of the frame, and the self-locking hook is arranged on the At the bottom of the self-locking seat, the self-locking compression spring is set in the middle of the self-locking hook;

The above-mentioned automatic reset device is composed of a stretch recovery spring, a dynamic stretch part and a fixed stretch part; It is located between the dynamic stretching part and the fixed stretching part;

The above-mentioned depth control device is composed of a depth regulator, a depth-limiting wheel and a handle; the depth control device is arranged at the rear of the frame, and there are two depth regulators, which are respectively fixed on the rear side of the frame. The wheel is set at the bottom of the depth adjuster, and the handle is set at the upper part of the depth adjuster; the depth adjuster is a screw lifting structure, and the upper end of the screw is a handle made of a bent pipe, which is a rotatable handle, and the screw is at the depth adjuster. The height of the depth-gauge wheel is adjusted by lifting and lowering in the shell, and the height of the depth-gauge wheel is fixed by the self-locking thread;

The above layered fertilization device is composed of a fertilization box, a driving sprocket, a driven shaft, a driven sprocket and a layered fertilization pipe. The fertilization box is arranged on the upper part of the frame, and the driving sprocket is arranged on the side of the depth gauge wheel The driven shaft is set in the middle of the fertilization box, the driven sprocket is two, respectively set at both ends of the driven shaft, and the layered fertilization pipe is set at the rear of the plowshare;

The above-mentioned depth adjuster is a screw lifting structure. The upper end of the screw is a handle made of a bent pipe. When the handle is turned, the screw moves up and down in the shell of the depth adjuster to adjust the height of the depth-gauge wheel, and the depth-gauge wheel is fixed by the self-locking of the thread. high.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention can implement layered fertilization of crops according to different demands on chemical fertilizers in crop growth periods. When encountering a hard obstacle, the plow body can avoid the obstacle, so the damage of the plow body can be reduced, and after bypassing the obstacle, the plow body can automatically reset, which greatly increases the working efficiency. The depth adjuster is a screw lifting structure. The upper end of the screw is a handle made of a bent pipe, which is a rotatable handle. The screw moves up and down in the shell of the depth adjuster to adjust the height of the depth gauge wheel, and the height of the depth gauge wheel is fixed by the self-locking of the thread. . Moreover, the distance between the plow bodies can be adjusted arbitrarily according to the different row distances of crops, and the connection method is mostly connected by pins, which is convenient for disassembly. The fertilization transmission adopts double sprocket transmission on both sides, so that the fertilizer can be applied evenly in different operation bases.

The anti-blocking device is composed of a plow plate, a plow plate column and a plow plate column. When the machine is moving forward, the plow plate can not only cut off sundries and play an anti-blocking role; it can also cut off grass stems and roots to play a role in weeding; moreover It can cut through the hard surface soil and reduce the resistance of the soil to the subsoiler.

The self-locking device is composed of a self-locking hook, a self-locking seat and a self-locking compression spring. Under normal conditions, the self-locking compression spring will give the self-locking hook a pretightening force. When the machine is working normally, the self-locking device can fix the plowshare and prevent the plowshare from moving backward. When the plowshare encounters a hard obstacle, the force on the plowshare will increase, and the force on the self-locking hook will increase. When the self-locking hook reaches a certain value, it will automatically open, so that the plowshare will rotate backwards to protect the plow body from damage, thereby reducing the loss of items. Therefore, the self-locking device not only plays the role of fixing, but also plays the role of overload protection.

The automatic reset device is composed of a tension recovery spring and a tension piece. When the plow passes a hard obstacle, the tension recovery spring will pull the plowshare back to its original state. During this process, the machine does not need to stop working, which greatly reduces the Operating time is also reduced, thereby improving production efficiency.

The layered fertilization device is composed of a fertilization box, a driven sprocket, a driven shaft and a layered fertilization pipe. The layered fertilization pipe can be adjusted by adjusting the bolt to adjust the shrapnel in the layered pipe, so as to adjust the size of each section to achieve the effect of each layer. The amount of fertilization is enough to allow crops to fertilize in this way, and can meet the nutrients required by crops in different periods. The fertilization transmission adopts double sprocket transmission on both sides, so that the fertilizer can be applied evenly in different operation bases.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the side view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the left side view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a top view of Fig. 2 .

In the figure: 1 is the coulter disc, 2 is the coulter disc column, 3 is the coulter disc seat, 4 is the frame, 5 is the tension recovery spring, 6 is the self-locking compression spring, 7 is the driven sprocket, 8 is fertilization Box, 9 is the handle, 10 is the plow body seat, 11 is the depth adjuster, 12 is the depth-limiting wheel, 13 is the self-locking hook, 14 is the layered fertilization pipe, 15 is the dynamic stretching part, 16 is the plowshare, 17 is Plow wing, 18 is the plow tip, 19 is the fixed tensile part, 20 is the lower traction plate, 21 is the diagonal stay rod, 22 is the frame connecting rod, 23 is the driving sprocket, 24 is the self-locking seat, 25 is the driven shaft .

Detailed ways

Embodiment: Referring to accompanying drawings 1 to 4, this embodiment is composed of frame 4, traction device, anti-blocking device, subsoiling and cultivating and weeding device, self-locking device, automatic reset device, depth control device and layered fertilization device;

Described traction device is arranged at the front portion of frame 4, and described traction device is made of diagonal stay rod 21, lower traction plate 20, and described diagonal stay rod 21 is " herringbone ", and " herringbone " diagonal stay rod 21 The lower end is affixed to the front upper part of the frame 4, the lower end of the diagonal stay rod 21 is fixedly connected on the front beam of the frame 4 through bolt connection, and one end of the frame connecting rod 22 is fixed on the "herringbone" diagonal stay rod 21 through bolt connection. The other end of the frame connecting rod 22 is fixed on the rear beam of the frame 4 through bolt connection, the upper end of the diagonal stay rod 21 is connected with the tractor's traction device with pins, and the two lower traction plates 20 are fixed on both sides of the front end of the frame 4 and Connected with the tractor's traction device with pins;

The traction device is connected with the drawbar of the tractor, and the traction device is arranged on the front part of the frame 4 and connected with the traction device of the tractor; The main part of the all-in-one weeding and fertilizing machine;

The anti-blocking device is composed of a plow plate 1, a plow plate column 2 and a plow plate seat 3, the plow plate 1 is arranged on the plow plate column 2, the plow plate column 2 is arranged on the plow plate seat 3, and the plow plate seat 3 is set At the front part of the frame 4; the coulter disc column 2 is provided with many holes, and the cutting depth of the coulter disc 1 can be adjusted by connecting different holes;

Described deep loosening intertillage weeding device is arranged on frame 4 rear parts, and described deep loosening intertillage weeding device is a subsoiling shovel, and described subsoiling shovel is made up of plow body seat 10, plow share 16, shovel point 18 and shovel Wing 17 is formed, and described ploughshare 16 is arranged on the rear portion of frame 4, and described shovel wing 17 is arranged on the bottom of ploughshare 16, and described shovel point 18 is arranged on the front portion of shovel wing 17;

Described self-locking device is made of self-locking hook 13, self-locking compression spring 6 and self-locking seat 24; Described automatic reset device is arranged at frame 4 bottoms, and described self-locking seat 24 is located at frame 4 rear beams Above, the self-locking hook 13 is located at the bottom of the self-locking seat 24, and the self-locking compression spring 6 is located in the middle of the self-locking hook 13;

Described automatic reset device is made of stretch recovery spring 5, dynamic stretching part 15 and fixed stretching part 19; Described dynamic stretching part 15 is arranged in the middle of plowshare 16, and fixed stretching part 19 is located at plow disc On the seat 3, the tension recovery spring 5 is arranged between the dynamic tension member 15 and the fixed tension member 19;

Described depth control device is made of depth adjuster 11, depth gauge wheel 12 and handle 9; Described depth control device is arranged on frame 4 rear portion, and described depth adjuster 11 is two, is respectively fixed on machine On the rear side of the frame 4, the depth gauge wheel 12 is located at the bottom of the depth adjuster 11, and the handle 9 is located at the top of the depth adjuster 11; the depth adjuster 11 is a screw lifting structure, and the upper end of the screw rod is a handle 9 made of a curved pipe. , is the rotatable handle 9, the height of the depth gauge wheel 12 is adjusted up and down in the shell of the depth adjuster 11 by the screw rod, and the height of the depth gauge wheel 12 is fixed by the self-locking of the thread;

Described layered fertilization device is made of fertilization box 8, driving sprocket 23, driven shaft 25, driven sprocket 7 and layered fertilization pipe 14, and described fertilization box 8 is arranged on frame top, and driving sprocket 23 is located at the side of depth-limiting wheel 12, and driven shaft 25 is located at the middle of fertilization box 8, and driven sprocket 7 is two, is respectively located at driven shaft 25 two ends, and layered fertilization pipe 14 is located at all. the rear portion of the plowshare 16;

The depth adjuster is a screw lifting structure. The upper end of the screw is a handle made of a bent pipe. When the handle is turned, the screw moves up and down in the shell of the depth adjuster to adjust the height of the depth-gauge wheel, and the depth-gauge wheel is fixed by the self-locking of the thread. the height of.

Claims (8)

1. A subsoiling and intertillage weeding and fertilizing integrated machine is characterized in that: it is composed of a frame, a traction device, an anti-blocking device, a subsoiling and intertillage weeding device, a self-locking device, an automatic reset device, a depth control device and a layered fertilization device . 2. The integrated machine for subsoiling, intertillage, weeding, weeding and fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: the traction device is arranged at the front of the frame, and the traction device is composed of a diagonal stay rod and a lower traction plate, The diagonal tie rod is "herringbone", the lower end of the "herringbone" diagonal stay rod is fixed on the front upper part of the frame, the lower end of the diagonal stay rod is fixed on the front beam of the frame through bolt connection, and one end of the frame connecting rod passes through The bolt connection is fixed on the "herringbone" diagonal tie rod, the other end of the frame connecting rod is fixed on the rear beam of the frame through bolt connection, the upper end of the diagonal stay rod is connected with the tractor's traction device with pins, and the two lower traction plates are fixed on the Front-most sides of the rack. 3. An integrated machine for subsoiling, intertillage, weeding, weeding and fertilization according to claim 1, characterized in that: the anti-blocking device is composed of a plow disk, a plow disk column and a plow disk seat, and the plow disk is arranged on the plow disk column , The coulter column is set on the coulter base, and the coulter base is located at the front of the frame; the coulter column is provided with a number of holes, and the cutting depth of the coulter can be adjusted by connecting different holes. 4. A subsoiling and intertillage weeding and fertilizing integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the subsoiling and intertillage weeding and weeding device is arranged at the rear of the frame, and the subsoiling and intertillage weeding and weeding device is a subsoiling and intertillage weeding device The shovel, the subsoiling shovel is composed of a plow body seat, a ploughshare, a shovel tip and a shovel wing, the ploughshare is arranged at the rear of the frame, the shovel wing is arranged at the bottom of the ploughshare, and the shovel tip is arranged On the front of the shovel wing. 5. A subsoiling, intertillage, weeding and fertilizing integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the self-locking device is composed of a self-locking hook, a self-locking compression spring and a self-locking seat; the automatic reset device Located at the bottom of the frame, the self-locking seat is located on the frame back beam, the self-locking hook is located at the bottom of the self-locking seat, and the self-locking compression spring is located in the middle of the self-locking hook. 6. The subsoiling, cultivating, weeding and fertilizing integrated machine according to claim 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that: the automatic reset device is composed of a stretching recovery spring, a dynamic stretching part and a fixed stretching part; The dynamic stretching part is arranged in the middle of the plowshare, the fixed stretching part is arranged on the plow plate seat, and the stretch recovery spring is arranged between the dynamic stretching part and the fixed stretching part. 7. A subsoiling, cultivating, weeding and fertilizing integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the depth control device is composed of a depth adjuster, a depth-limiting wheel and a handle; the depth control device is arranged on the machine At the rear of the frame, there are two depth regulators, which are respectively fixed on the rear side of the frame. The depth-limiting wheel is located at the bottom of the depth regulator, and the handle is located at the top of the depth regulator. 8. A subsoiling intertillage weeding and fertilizing integrated machine according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the layered fertilization device consists of a fertilization box, a driving sprocket, a driven shaft, a driven sprocket and a distribution The fertilization box is set on the upper part of the frame, the driving sprocket is set on the side of the depth-gauge wheel, the driven shaft is set in the middle of the fertilization box, and there are two driven sprockets, which are respectively set on the At both ends of the moving shaft, the layered fertilization pipe is arranged at the rear of the plowshare.