CN104693252A - 糖苷化紫杉烷类化合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
糖苷化紫杉烷类化合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104693252A CN104693252A CN201310654310.0A CN201310654310A CN104693252A CN 104693252 A CN104693252 A CN 104693252A CN 201310654310 A CN201310654310 A CN 201310654310A CN 104693252 A CN104693252 A CN 104693252A
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H17/00—Compounds containing heterocyclic radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H17/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一类糖苷化紫杉烷类化合物及其制备方法。具体地,本发明涉及一类糖苷化紫杉醇(如式I所示)或糖苷化多西紫杉醇(如式II所示),其水溶性明显优于紫杉醇或多西紫杉醇。本发明所述的制备方法反应条件温和,非常适宜用于敏感的天然产物糖苷化修饰,并且具有较好的区域选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于合成糖化学以及药物化学领域,具体而言,本发明涉及一类新颖的糖苷化紫杉烷类化合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
多种天然产物(如多酚类、萜类、多环抗肿瘤抗生素、核苷类化合物、大多数生物活性的蛋白质)均含有糖苷片段,对多种分子进行人工糖苷化修饰后发现了增强的或改变的理化性质或生物活性。这些信息提示:通过对现有的生物活性化合物或含有优势骨架的化合物结构进行以多样性为目标的糖苷化修饰,有可能成为发现新型生物活性化合物的新颖和高效的手段。
紫杉烷类化合物主要包括紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、多西紫杉醇(docetaxel)和卡巴他赛(cabazitaxel)等,它们具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,在临床上用于治疗多种恶性肿瘤,包括肝癌、肠癌(例如大肠癌)、乳腺癌、头颈部癌、肺癌(例如小细胞肺癌)、黑色素瘤、胃癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌等。但其水溶性差,妨碍了制剂的使用。为解决其水溶性问题,已开发了多种制剂手段以及结构改造方案。结构改造方案主要包括在紫杉烷类化合物的羟基上衍生出氨基酸片段、亲水多羟基短链片段以及糖片段等,增加其水溶性。对紫杉醇的beta-氨基葡萄糖苷化修饰已经产生了水溶性明显提高,且生物活性良好的新结构。但紫杉醇类化合物结构复杂,对多种化学转化条件极为敏感,利用现有糖苷化反应条件对其进行糖苷化修饰的收率较低,副产物较多;同时还要求使用多步保护和脱保护反应,总收率更低。因此迄今只有少量的糖苷化紫杉醇见诸报道(参见M.F.Holick,H.Ramanathan,A&D Bioscience,Inc.,WO2003086312A2,2003;b)M.Mitsukuchi,H.Wada,Y.Sekiguchi,C.Yokoo,K.Hatayama,WO9606852A1,1996),多西紫杉醇(docetaxel)的糖苷化产物尚未见诸报道。紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇的结构如下式所示:
糖苷化反应通常由含有1-离去基和保护基的糖苷化试剂与将要被糖苷化的羟基化合物在缚酸剂、催化剂或促进剂的作用下完成。下表简要概括了现有技术中常用的糖苷化反应的试剂种类,并列出了这些方法的缺点。
上表中的最后一栏,以碘代糖苷作为糖苷化试剂,常用DIPEA作为缚酸剂,用于除去反应中释放出的HI,同时加入TBAI,可以促进反应的进行(见a)M.J.Hadd,J.Gervay,Carbohydrate Research1999,320,61-69;b)P.J.Meloncelli,A.D.Martin,T.L.Lowary,Carbohydrate Research2009,344,1110-1122.)。该反应的条件已经较为温和,但我们在实验中发现,DIPEA等碱的存在还是有可能对高度敏感的生物活性分子具有破坏作用。
由此可见,现有技术中的糖苷化方法并不适用于如紫杉醇或多西紫杉醇等高度敏感的生物活性分子的糖苷化修饰,因此仍需要一种反应条件温和、步骤简便的糖苷化方法以制备并分离纯化具有更好的溶解度的生物活性分子,尤其是糖苷化紫杉醇和糖苷化多西紫杉醇。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的为提供一类式I所示的糖苷化紫杉醇或式II所示的糖苷化多西紫杉醇:
其中,R为吡喃糖基、呋喃糖基或寡糖基;R’为吡喃糖基、呋喃糖基或寡糖基;
所述吡喃糖基为D-或L-吡喃葡萄糖基、D-或L-吡喃甘露糖基、D-或L-吡喃半乳糖基、D-或L-吡喃N-乙酰基半乳糖胺基、D-或L-吡喃N-乙酰基葡萄糖胺基、D-或L-吡喃鼠李糖基、或者D-或L-吡喃岩藻糖基;
所述呋喃糖基为D-或L-呋喃核糖基、D-或L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基、D-或L-呋喃木糖基、D-或L-呋喃来苏糖基、或者D-或L-2-脱氧呋喃核糖基;
所述寡糖基为D-吡喃葡萄糖基-beta-(1→4)-D-吡喃葡萄糖基、D-吡喃葡萄糖基-alpha-(1→4)-D-吡喃葡萄糖基、D-吡喃甘露糖基-alpha-(1→4)-D-吡喃甘露糖基、D-吡喃甘露糖基-beta-(1→4)-D-吡喃甘露糖基、或D-吡喃(2-O-氨基甲酰基)甘露糖基-alpha-(1→4)-L-吡喃古洛糖基。
本发明另一个目的为提供制备式I和式II化合物的方法,所述方法按照如下反应式1进行:
反应式1
步骤a:在烯烃、分子筛和溶剂的存在下,使化合物A与紫杉醇反应,获得B取代的紫杉醇衍生物;
步骤b:在质子酸或含氟负离子的试剂以及溶剂的存在下,对步骤a所得B取代的紫杉醇衍生物进行脱TMS保护基的反应,获得式I所示化合物;
或者,
步骤c:在烯烃、分子筛和溶剂的存在下,使化合物A’与多西紫杉醇反应,获得B’取代的多西紫杉醇衍生物;
步骤d:在质子酸或含氟负离子的试剂以及溶剂的存在下,对步骤c所得B’取代的多西紫杉醇衍生物进行脱保护基TMS反应,获得式II所示化合物;
其中,化合物A或A’为TMS保护的碘代糖苷;B或B’为化合物A或A’脱碘后形成的基团。
(一)步骤a或步骤c的反应条件为:烯烃、分子筛和溶剂。
1、步骤a或步骤c中所使用的化合物A或A’为TMS保护的吡喃糖基碘、TMS保护的呋喃糖基碘或TMS保护的寡糖基碘;
所述TMS保护的吡喃糖基碘为TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃葡萄糖基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃甘露糖基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃半乳糖基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃N-乙酰基半乳糖胺基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃N-乙酰基葡萄糖胺基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃鼠李糖基碘、或者TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃岩藻糖基碘;
所述TMS保护的呋喃糖基选自TMS保护的D-或L-呋喃核糖基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-呋喃木糖基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-呋喃来苏糖基碘、或者TMS保护的D-或L-2-脱氧呋喃核糖基碘;
所述TMS保护的寡糖基为TMS保护的D-吡喃葡萄糖基-beta-(1→4)-D-吡喃葡萄糖基碘、TMS保护的D-吡喃葡萄糖基-alpha-(1→4)-D-吡喃葡萄糖基碘、TMS保护的D-吡喃甘露糖基-alpha-(1→4)-D-吡喃甘露糖基碘、TMS保护的D-吡喃甘露糖基-beta-(1→4)-D-吡喃甘露糖基碘、或TMS保护的D-吡喃(2-O-氨基甲酰基)甘露糖基-alpha-(1→4)-L-吡喃古洛糖基碘。
优选地,化合物A或化合物A’为TMS保护的D-吡喃葡萄糖基碘、TMS保护的D-吡喃半乳糖基碘或TMS保护的D-吡喃甘露糖基碘。
更优选地,化合物A为TMS保护的D-吡喃葡萄糖基碘、或TMS保护的D-吡喃半乳糖基碘;化合物A’为TMS保护的D-吡喃葡萄糖基碘或TMS保护的D-吡喃半乳糖基碘。
上述TMS保护的碘代糖基碘和对应的B或B’的基团结构请参见下表2
表2
表2中的多种糖基碘和实施例中的糖基供体在化学行为上具有较高的类似性。因此能够推知:表2中的多种TMS保护的糖基碘是易于合成的,且可以用于紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇的糖苷化。
2、步骤a或步骤c所使用的烯烃选自2-苯基丙烯、1,1-二苯基乙烯、亚甲基环戊烷、5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯(5-ethylidene-2-norbornene)和beta-(-)-蒎烯中的一种或多种。综合考虑收率和成本等,优选beta-(-)-蒎烯。
所述烯烃的用量为所述化合物A的1-3个摩尔当量。
3、步骤a或步骤c所使用的溶剂选自二氯甲烷(DCM)、1,2-二氯乙烷、三氯甲烷、THF、乙醚和甲苯中的一种或多种,优选为二氯甲烷。
4、步骤a或步骤c所使用的分子筛可以为或级别,从成本角度考虑优选为或分子筛
5、步骤a或步骤c的反应温度为0-100℃,优选为室温,反应时间为12-24小时,优选为18小时。
6、步骤a或步骤c的反应产物不需进行纯化,仅需除去溶剂后即可直接用于步骤b或步骤d。
(二)步骤b的反应条件为质子酸或含氟负离子的试剂以及溶剂。
1、步骤b使用含氟负离子的试剂,所述含氟负离子的试剂选自四丁基氟化铵、KF、HF-三乙胺配合物和HF-吡啶配合物(HF-Py)中的一种或多种,优选为HF-吡啶配合物。
所述含氟负离子试剂的用量为化合物A的5-20个摩尔当量。
或者,步骤b使用质子酸,所述质子酸选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、盐酸和硫酸中的一种或多种,优选为乙酸。
所述质子酸的用量为化合物A的1-3个摩尔当量。
优选地,所述步骤b使用所述含氟负离子的试剂。
2、步骤b所使用的溶剂选自二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、三氯甲烷、THF、乙醚和甲苯中的一种或多种,优选为二氯甲烷。
3、步骤b的反应温度为0-100℃,优选为室温,反应时间为12-24小时,优选为18小时。
(三)步骤d的反应条件为质子酸或含氟负离子的试剂以及溶剂。
1、步骤d使用含氟负离子的试剂,所述含氟负离子的试剂选自四丁基氟化铵、KF、HF-三乙胺配合物和HF-吡啶配合物中的一种或多种,优选为HF-吡啶配合物。
所述含氟负离子试剂的用量为化合物A'的1-3个摩尔当量。
或者,步骤d使用质子酸,所述质子酸选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、盐酸和硫酸中的一种或多种,优选为乙酸。
所述质子酸的用量为化合物A'的1-3个摩尔当量。
优选地,步骤d使用所述质子酸。
2、步骤d所使用的溶剂选自二氯甲烷、甲醇、乙醇和异丙醇中的一种或多种,优选为甲醇。
3、步骤d的反应温度为0-100℃,优选为室温,反应时间为12-24小时,优选为18小时。
本发明的又一个目的在于,提供式I所示的糖苷化紫杉醇或式II所示的糖苷化多西紫杉醇在制备治疗或预防恶性肿瘤的药物中的应用。
所述恶性肿瘤为肝癌、肠癌(包括大肠癌)、乳腺癌头颈部癌、肺癌(小细胞肺癌)、黑色素瘤、胃癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌等。
有益效果
本发明提供了一种反应条件温和并具有相对高选择性的糖苷化方法,采用该方法合成了多种其他方法难以合成的、具有潜在生物活性并具有改善的水溶性的多种新型糖苷化紫杉烷衍生物。
本发明的糖苷化条件和脱保护条件均非常温和,非常适宜用于敏感的天然产物糖苷化修饰。
本发明的糖苷化条件具有较好的区域选择性:可选择性地糖苷化紫杉醇的7-OH和多西紫杉醇的10-OH;这两个位点均为紫杉烷类化合物化学修饰的重要部位。
具体实施方式
下列实施例用于进一步说明本发明,但不构成对本发明范围的限制。
以下实施例中的试剂及溶剂一般可来自商业来源,例如国药集团化学试剂有限公司(上海),或通过本领域技术人员所熟知的方法即可制备;所用薄层层析硅胶板购自烟台江友硅胶开发有限公司;所用质谱仪器型号为MAT-95型质谱仪,所用核磁仪器型号为BRUKER AMX-400型和VARIAN-300型核磁共振仪。
实施例1:
N2保护下将活化的分子筛(1.0g)、β-(-)-蒎烯(1.10mL,7.03mmol,6eq.)、紫杉醇(1.0g,1.17mmol,1eq.)依次混合后加入DCM(9mL)溶解,将糖基供体(化合物A1,1.89g,3.51mmol,3eq.)的DCM(9mL)溶液加入到以上混合液中,冰浴搅拌3h,缓慢热至常温后常温搅拌过夜。待反应完成后过滤,浓缩滤液至5mL,再向滤液中滴加HF-Py溶液(70%HF,1.57mL,15eq.),常温搅拌30min。TLC显示反应完成后加入饱和碳酸氢钠淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,再将有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠、饱和食盐水洗涤,旋干后柱层析得到浅黄色玻璃状固体(833mg粗品,70%),再用反相制备色谱柱层析(水/乙腈,梯度,10mL/min,Epic C18,2cm x25cm),冻干得到白色粉末1a(214mg,18%)和白色粉末1b(250mg,21%)。
化合物1a:
Rf0.44(CH2Cl2:CH3OH,10:1);
[α]D 2518.06(c0.4MeOH);
HPLC tR2.90min;
1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ8.13–8.07(m,2H,Ar),7.91–7.84(m,2H,Ar),7.59–7.24(m,11H,Ar),6.67(s,1H,H-10),6.13–6.05(m,1H,H-13),5.78(d,J=3.0Hz,1H,H-3′),5.58(d,J=5.4Hz,1H,H-2),5.31(t,J=2.9Hz,1H,H-5),4.67(d,J=3.1Hz,1H,H-2′),4.65(d,J=3.8Hz,1H,H-1″),4.61(s,1H,NH),4.17(dd,J=11.6,4.7Hz,1H,H-7),3.87(d,J=5.4Hz,1H,H-3),3.76(d,J=11.5Hz,1H,H-20a),3.54(d,J=11.5Hz,1H,H-20b),3.37–3.25(m,2H,H-6″a,H-3″),3.25(dd,J=9.7,3.7Hz,1H,H-2″),3.22–3.10(m,3H,H-6″b,H-4″,H-14a),2.80(ddd,J=10.0,3.9,2.4Hz,1H,H-5″),2.28(dd,J=15.5,9.9Hz,1H,H-14b),2.23(d,J=1.4Hz,3H,C=CCH 3),2.18(d,J=1.2Hz,6H,2×CH 3),2.16–1.94(m,2H,H-6),1.30(s,3H,CH 3),1.14(s,3H,CH 3),1.11(s,3H,CH 3).
13C NMR(126MHz,CD3OD)δ205.19(C-9),173.67(C=O),172.28(C=O),171.43(C=O),170.16(C=O),168.38(C=O),141.30(C=Cq),140.95(Arq),136.26(C=Cq),136.11(Arq),134.51(Ar),132.82(Ar),131.56(2C,Ar),131.10(Arq),129.74(Ar),129.70(2C,Ar),129.68(2C,Ar),128.88(3C,Ar),128.67(3C,Ar),101.92(C-1″),78.26(C-4),77.36(C-2),76.69(C-10),75.55(C-1),75.50(C-5),74.65(C-2′),74.55(C-3″),73.74(C-2″),73.48(C-5″),73.38(C-13),71.66(C-20),70.82(C-4″),69.71(C-7),61.60(2C,C-8,C-6″),57.01(C-3′),49.66(C-3),44.51(C-15),36.50(C-14),33.29(C-6),27.64(CH3),22.53(CH3),20.87(CH3),20.70(CH3),16.13(CH3),11.56(CH3).
特征NOE(400MHz,CD3OD,298K):δ(1H)/δ(1H)=4.65/5.31,3.54,2.16-1.94(H-1″/H-5,H-20,H-6),2.80/3.76,3.22-3.10(H-5/H-20a,H-14a).
HRMS(ESI+)calcd.For C53H61NO19H2ONa+1056.3841,found1056.3856.
化合物1b:
Rf0.44(CH2Cl2:CH3OH,10:1);
[α]D 257.56(c0.3MeOH);
HPLC tR3.10min;
1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ8.13–8.08(m,2H,Ar),7.88–7.82(m,2H,Ar),7.69–7.26(m,11H,Ar),6.35(s,1H,H-10),6.17–6.09(m,1H,H-13),5.67(d,J=7.1Hz,1H,H-2),5.64(d,J=5.4Hz,1H,H-3′),4.99(dd,J=9.7,2.0Hz,1H,H-5),4.88(s,1H,H-1″,与水峰混合),4.73(d,J=5.4Hz,1H,H-2′),4.61(s,1H,NH),4.32(dd,J=10.4,6.7Hz,1H,H-7),4.20(s,2H,H-20),3.83(d,J=7.0Hz,1H,H-3),3.74–3.64(m,2H,H-6″),3.52–3.46(m,1H,H-4″),3.35(d,J=5.1Hz,2H,H-3,H-5″),3.34–3.27(m,1H,H-2″,与甲醇溶剂峰混合),2.77(ddd,J=14.5,9.8,6.6Hz,1H,H-6a),2.36(s,3H,CH 3),2.24(dd,J=15.4,9.4Hz,1H,H-14a),2.17(s,3H,CH 3),2.01-1.94(m,4H,CH 3,H-14b),1.88(ddd,J=14.6,10.7,2.3Hz,1H,H-6b),1.77(s,3H,CH 3),1.18(s,3H,CH 3),1.11(s,3H,CH 3).
13C NMR(126MHz,CD3OD)δ204.47(C-9),174.48(C=O),171.93(C=O),171.49(C=O),170.35(C=O),167.64(C=O),142.14(C=Cq),140.00(Arq),135.61(C=Cq),134.65(Ar),134.38(Arq),132.92(Ar),131.37(Arq),131.23(2C,Ar),129.78(2C,Ar),129.75(Ar),129.63(3C,Ar),129.05(Ar),128.54(4C,Ar),97.92(C-1″),85.12(C-5),82.17(Cq),78.86(Cq),77.72(C-10),77.52(C-20),77.15(C-7),76.06(C-2),74.89(C-2′),74.79(C-3″),74.18(C-4″),73.23(C-2″),72.17(C-13),71.16(C-5″),61.91(C-6″),59.34(Cq),57.77(C-3′),48.01(C-3),44.55(Cq),36.41(C-14),33.96(C-6),26.70(CH3),23.28(CH3),21.99(CH3),20.98(CH3),14.80(CH3),11.56(CH3).
特征NOE(500MHz,CD3OD,298K):δ(1H)/δ(1H)=4.88/2.77,1.88(H-1″/H-6a,H-6b),3.35/6.35(H-3″/H-10).
HRMS(ESI+)calcd.For C53H61NO19Na+1038.3735,found1038.3741.
实施例2:
N2保护下将活化的分子筛(0.6g)、β-(-)-蒎烯(0.33mL,2.10mmol,6eq.)、紫杉醇(0.3g,0.35mmol,1eq.)依次混合后加入DCM(3mL)溶解,将糖基供体(化合物A2),0.57g,1.05mmol,3eq.)的DCM(3mL)溶液加入到以上混合液中,冰浴搅拌3h,缓慢热至常温后常温搅拌过夜。待反应完成后过滤,浓缩滤液至5mL,再向滤液中滴加HF-Py溶液(70%HF,0.32mL,15eq.),常温搅拌30min。TLC显示反应完成后加入饱和碳酸氢钠淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,再将有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠、饱和食盐水洗涤,旋干后柱层析得到浅黄色玻璃状固体(264mg粗品,74%),再用反相制备色谱柱层析(水/乙腈,梯度,10mL/min,Epic C18,2cm x25cm),冻干得到白色粉末(化合物2,153mg,43%)。
化合物2:
Rf0.50(CH2Cl2:CH3OH,10:1);
[α]D 255.33(c0.1MeOH);
HPLC tR3.09min;
1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ8.13–8.08(m,2H,Ar),7.87–7.83(m,2H,Ar),7.69–7.64(m,1H,Ar),7.61–7.36(m,9H,Ar),7.31–7.26(m,1H,Ar),6.42(s,1H,H-10),6.13(t,J=8.7Hz,1H,H-13),5.67(d,J=7.1Hz,1H,H-2),5.63(d,J=5.4Hz,1H,H-3′),5.00(dd,J=9.8,2.0Hz,1H,H-5),4.95(d,J=4.0Hz,1H,H-1″),4.73(d,J=5.4Hz,1H,H-2′),4.61(s,1H,NH),4.36(dd,J=10.6,6.5Hz,1H,H-7),4.20(s,2H,H-20),3.94–3.92(m,1H,H-4″),3.85(d,J=7.0Hz,1H,H-3),3.83–3.79(m,1H,H-5″),3.70(dd,J=10.3,3.8Hz,1H,H-2″),3.68–3.64(m,2H,H-6″),3.60(dd,J=10.3,3.2Hz,1H,H-3″),2.81(ddd,J=14.3,9.9,6.4Hz,1H,H-6a),2.35(s,3H,CH 3),2.27–2.20(m,1H,H-14a),2.17(s,3H,CH 3),2.00–1.94(m,4H,H-14b and CH 3),1.86(ddd,J=14.3,10.7,2.2Hz,1H,H-6b),1.75(s,3H,CH 3),1.18(s,3H,CH 3),1.12(s,3H,CH 3).
13C NMR(126MHz,CD3OD)δ203.56(C-9),173.08(C=O),170.44(C=O),169.66(C=O),168.94(C=O),166.23(C=O),140.40(C=Cq),138.55(C=Cq),134.19(Arq),133.22(Ar),133.12(Arq),131.48(Ar),129.94(Arq),129.81(2C,Ar),128.36(2C,Ar),128.33(2C,Ar),128.20(2C,Ar),127.63(Ar),127.11(4C,Ar),95.45(C-1″),83.64(C-5),80.82(Cq),77.42(Cq),76.16(C-20),75.97(C-10),74.69(C-2),74.42(C-7),73.44(C-2′),71.77(C-5″),70.75(C-13),69.54(C-4″),69.36(C-3″),68.61(C-2″),61.03(C-6″),57.87(Cq),56.35(C-3′),46.54(C-3),43.11(Cq),35.02(C-14),31.87(C-6),25.24(CH3),21.86(CH3),20.58(CH3),19.49(CH3),13.56(CH3),10.21(CH3).
特征NOE(500MHz,CD3OD,298K):δ(1H)/δ(1H)=4.95/4.36,2.81,1.86(H-1″/H-5,H-6a,H-6b),3.70/6.42,2.81(H-2″/H-10,H-5),3.83-3.79/6.42,4.36(H-5″/H-10,H-5).
HRMS(ESI+)calcd.For C53H61NO19Na+1038.3735,found1038.3729.
实施例3:
N2保护下将活化的分子筛(0.6g)、β-(-)-蒎烯(0.35mL,2.23mmol,6eq.)、多西紫杉醇(0.3g,0.37mmol,1eq.)依次混合后加入DCM(3mL)溶解,将糖基供体(化合物A1,0.60g,1.12mmol,3eq.)的DCM(3mL)溶液加入到以上混合液中,冰浴搅拌3h,缓慢热至常温后常温搅拌过夜。待反应完成后过滤,将滤液旋干后加入甲醇(6mL,10Vol.),再滴加醋酸(0.32mL,5eq.),常温搅拌1h。TLC显示反应完成后用乙酸乙酯稀释,加入饱和碳酸氢钠淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,再将有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠、饱和食盐水洗涤,旋干后柱层析得到浅黄色玻璃状固体(324mg粗品,90%),再用反相制备色谱柱层析(水/乙腈,梯度,5mL/min,Waters Sunfire C18,1cm x10cm,5μM),冻干得到白色粉末(化合物3,198mg,55%)。
化合物3
Rf0.22(CH2Cl2:CH3OH,10:1);
[α]D 2531.43(c0.5MeOH);
HPLC tR3.14min;
1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ8.09(d,J=7.6Hz,2H,Ar),7.69–7.22(m,9H,Ar),6.15(t,J=8.9Hz,1H,H-13),5.63(d,J=7.1Hz,1H,H-2),5.36(s,1H,H-10),5.14–5.07(m,1H,H-3′),5.00(dd,J=10.2,1.8Hz,1H,H-5),4.94(d,J=3.7Hz,1H,H-1″),4.57(brs,1H,NH),4.49(d,J=5.0Hz,1H,H-2′),4.27(dd,J=11.3,6.5Hz,1H,H-7),4.18(s,2H,H-20),3.83(d,J=7.1Hz,1H,H-3),3.74–3.66(m,3H,H-6″,H-3″),3.62-3.56(m,1H,H-5″),3.44(dd,J=9.6,3.7Hz,1H,H-2″),3.37(t,J=9.5Hz,1H,H-4″),2.44(ddd,J=14.3,9.7,6.4Hz,1H,H-6a),2.32(s,3H,CH 3),2.26–2.15(m,1H,H-14a),2.07–1.98(m,1H,H-14b),1.94(s,3H,CH 3),1.83(ddd,J=13.9,11.2,2.3Hz,1H,H-6b),1.67(s,3H,CH 3),1.40(s,9H,3×CH 3),1.19(s,3H,CH 3),1.17(s,3H,CH 3).
13C NMR(126MHz,CD3OD)δ210.55(C-9),174.46(C=O),171.85(C=O),167.67(C=O),157.86(C=O),140.60(C-12),136.67(C-11),134.60(Ar),131.45(Arq),131.20(2C,Ar),129.72(2C,Ar),129.63(3C,Ar,Arq),128.85(Ar),128.30(2C,Ar),100.77(C-1″),86.06(C-5),82.35(Cq),80.74(Cq),80.54(C-10),79.18(Cq),77.53(C-20),76.31(C-2),75.60(C-3″),75.40(C-2′),74.57(C-5″),73.79(C-2″),72.75(C-7),72.46(C-13),71.16(C-4″),62.38(C-6″),58.79(Cq),58.63(C-3′),48.35(C-3),44.64(Cq),37.65(C-6),36.79(C-14),28.75(3C,3×CH3),27.35(CH3),23.26(CH3),22.59(CH3),14.65(CH3),10.32(CH3).
特征NOE(500MHz,CD3OD,298K):δ(1H)/δ(1H)=4.94/5.36(H-1″/H-10).
HRMS(ESI+)calcd.For C49H63NO19Na+992.3892,found992.3902.
实施例4:
N2保护下将活化的分子筛(0.6g)、β-(-)-蒎烯(0.35mL,2.23mmol,6eq.)、多西紫杉醇(0.3g,0.37mmol,1eq.)依次混合后加入DCM(3mL)溶解,将糖基供体(化合物A2,0.60g,1.12mmol,3eq.)的DCM(3mL)溶液加入到以上混合液中,冰浴搅拌3h,缓慢热至常温后常温搅拌过夜。待反应完成后过滤,将滤液旋干后加入甲醇(6mL,10Vol.),再滴加醋酸(0.32mL,5eq.),常温搅拌1h。TLC显示反应完成后用乙酸乙酯稀释,加入饱和碳酸氢钠淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,再将有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠、饱和食盐水洗涤,旋干后柱层析得到浅黄色玻璃状固体(227mg粗品,63%),再用反相制备色谱柱层析(水/乙腈,梯度,5mL/min,Waters Sunfire C18,1cm x10cm,5μM),冻干得到白色粉末(化合物4,115mg,32%)。
化合物4:
Rf0.25(CH2Cl2:CH3OH,10:1);
[α]D 2514.33(c0.1MeOH);
HPLC tR3.16min;
1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ8.09(d,J=7.7Hz,2H,Ar),7.66(t,J=7.4Hz,1H,Ar),7.56(t,J=7.8Hz,2H,Ar),7.42–7.35(m,4H,Ar),7.29–7.23(m,1H,Ar),6.16(t,J=8.7Hz,1H,H-13),5.62(d,J=7.2Hz,1H,H-2),5.36(s,1H,H-10),5.12–5.08(m,1H,H-3′),5.00(dd,J=9.6,2.1Hz,1H,H-5),4.96(d,J=3.8Hz,1H,H-1″),4.61(brs,1H,NH),4.49(d,J=3.8Hz,1H,H-2′),4.27(dd,J=11.2,6.5Hz,1H,H-7),4.17(s,2H,H-20),3.93(dd,J=3.2,1.3Hz,1H,H-4″),3.88–3.80(m,3H,H-3,H-2″and H-5″),3.77(dd,J=10.0,3.2Hz,1H,H-3″),3.70(dd,J=11.2,6.2Hz,1H,H-6″a),3.64(dd,J=11.2,6.4Hz,1H,H-6″b),2.44(ddd,J=14.2,9.7,6.4Hz,1H,H-6a),2.32(s,3H,CH 3),2.24–2.16(m,1H,H-14a),2.24–2.16(m,1H,H-14b),1.95(s,3H,CH 3),1.83(ddd,J=13.9,11.1,2.3Hz,1H,H-6b),1.67(s,3H,CH 3),1.40(s,9H,CH 3),1.18(s,3H,CH 3),1.15(s,3H,CH 3).
13C NMR(126MHz,CD3OD)δ209.42(C-9),173.04(C=O),170.42(C=O),166.21(C=O),156.44(C=O),139.33(C-12),139.07(C-11),135.15(Arq),133.19(Ar),129.96(Arq),129.77(2C,Ar),128.30(2C,Ar),128.22(2C,Ar),127.44(Ar),126.88(2C,Ar),99.70(C-1″),84.62(C-5),80.87(Cq),79.37(C-10),77.71(Cq),76.08(C-20),74.82(C-2),73.95(C-2′),71.68(C-5″),71.29(C-7),70.97(C-13),70.71(C-3″),69.33(C-4″),69.09(C-2″),60.78(C-6″),57.30(C-3′),57.19(Cq),46.88(C-3),36.22(C-6),35.30(C-14),27.32(3C,3×CH3),25.98(CH3),21.86(CH3),21.16(CH3),13.23(CH3),8.90(CH3).
特征NOE(500MHz,CD3OD,298K):δ(1H)/δ(1H)=4.96/5.36,2.44(H-1″/H-10).
HRMS(ESI+)calcd.For C49H63NO19Na+992.3892,found992.3892.
实施例5:细胞活性评价2
采用肝癌BEL-7402(中国科学院上海生命科学研究院细胞库)、大肠癌HT-29(美国典型培养物保藏中心库,ATCC)及乳腺癌MDA-MB-468细胞株(美国典型培养物保藏中心库,ATCC)用SRB法检测化合物的增殖生长抑制作用及其程度。以紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇为阳性对照,初步评价化合物1a、1b和3对BEL-7402、HT-29及MDA-MB-468细胞的增殖抑制作用。实验中化合物采用最高终浓度100μM,向下10倍稀释,设6个浓度梯度,处理细胞72小时。
化合物 | 细胞株 | IC50(μM) |
紫杉醇 | BEL-7402 | <0.001 |
多西紫杉醇 | BEL-7402 | <0.001 |
化合物1a | BEL-7402 | >100 |
化合物1b | BEL-7402 | 10.0 |
化合物3 | BEL-7402 | 1.48 |
紫杉醇 | HT-29 | <0.001 |
多西紫杉醇 | HT-29 | <0.001 |
化合物1a | HT-29 | >100 |
化合物1b | HT-29 | 12.43 |
化合物3 | HT-29 | 4.09 |
紫杉醇 | MDA-MB-468 | <0.001 |
多西紫杉醇 | MDA-MB-468 | <0.001 |
化合物1a | MDA-MB-468 | 67.75 |
化合物1b | MDA-MB-468 | 6.03 |
化合物3 | MDA-MB-468 | 0.73 |
由于糖苷类药物以前药形式,通过代谢后发挥作用,因此与预期一致,新化合物1a、1b和3的细胞抗肿瘤活性低于原型药物。
实施例6:水溶性评价
溶解度的测定方法:称取样品1-2mg,加500μL甲醇溶解,摇匀,制成浓度为2-4mg/mL的样品溶液。精密吸取50μL,平行分为多份,旋转蒸发使溶剂挥发完全。取3-4份样品,分别加入200-400μL甲醇溶解(视峰高而定),做为标准溶液,精密吸取20μL进行HPLC测定。紫外检测波长为214nm;另取剩余样品,加入水适量(相应标准样品甲醇体积的1/2),使样品溶解,高速离心(10000转/分)5min,取上清液20μL同法测定。所得样品峰面积与标准样品峰面积比较,计算样品在水溶液的饱和浓度。
化合物名称 | 饱和水溶液浓度 |
紫杉醇 | 0.25μg/mL |
多西紫杉醇 | 6-7μg/mL |
化合物1a | 0.363±0.037mg/mL |
化合物1b | 0.094±0.009mg/mL |
化合物2 | 0.032±0.004mg/mL |
化合物3 | 0.021±0.0007mg/mL |
化合物4 | 0011±0001mg/mL |
根据文献数据(Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry2007,15,6323–6330及其中参考文献),紫杉醇水溶解度约为0.25μg/mL,多西紫杉醇水溶解度约为6-7μg/mL。可见葡萄糖苷化紫杉醇1a和1b以及半乳糖苷化紫杉醇化合物2的水溶性较原型药物紫杉醇均有显著提高,葡萄糖苷化多西紫杉醇化合物3和半乳糖苷化紫杉醇化合物4和多西紫杉醇相比水溶性也有2-3倍的提高。
根据前药的作用原理,糖苷化紫杉烷衍生物需经代谢产生活性,因此本发明所合成的新型糖苷化紫杉醇和糖苷化多西紫杉醇的细胞毒性较之原型药物降低,但在体内脱糖基化代谢后仍能发挥和原药相同的活性;另外所合成新型糖苷化紫杉醇的水溶性较之原型药物有显著提高,对紫杉烷类药物的进一步开发具有重要意义。
Claims (10)
1.一类式I所示的糖苷化紫杉醇或式II所示的糖苷化多西紫杉醇:
其中,R为吡喃糖基、呋喃糖基或寡糖基;R’为吡喃糖基、呋喃糖基或寡糖基;
所述吡喃糖基为D-或L-吡喃葡萄糖基、D-或L-吡喃甘露糖基、D-或L-吡喃半乳糖基、D-或L-吡喃N-乙酰基半乳糖胺基、D-或L-吡喃N-乙酰基葡萄糖胺基、D-或L-吡喃鼠李糖基、或者D-或L-吡喃岩藻糖基;
所述呋喃糖基为D-或L-呋喃核糖基、D-或L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基、D-或L-呋喃木糖基、D-或L-呋喃来苏糖基、或者D-或L-2-脱氧呋喃核糖基;
所述寡糖基为D-吡喃葡萄糖基-beta-(1→4)-D-吡喃葡萄糖基、D-吡喃葡萄糖基-alpha-(1→4)-D-吡喃葡萄糖基、D-吡喃甘露糖基-alpha-(1→4)-D-吡喃甘露糖基、D-吡喃甘露糖基-beta-(1→4)-D-吡喃甘露糖基、或D-吡喃(2-O-氨基甲酰基)甘露糖基-alpha-(1→4)-L-吡喃古洛糖基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的式I所示的糖苷化紫杉醇或式II所示的糖苷化多西紫杉醇,其中,
R为D-吡喃葡萄糖基或D-吡喃半乳糖基;R’为D-吡喃葡萄糖基或D-吡喃半乳糖基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的式I所示的糖苷化紫杉醇或式II所示的糖苷化多西紫杉醇的制备方法,所述制备方法按照如下反应式1进行:
反应式1
步骤a:在烯烃、分子筛和溶剂的存在下,使化合物A与紫杉醇反应,获得B取代的紫杉醇衍生物;
步骤b:在质子酸或含氟负离子的试剂以及溶剂的存在下,对步骤a所得B取代的紫杉醇衍生物进行脱TMS保护基的反应,获得式I所示化合物;
或者,
步骤c:在烯烃、分子筛和溶剂的存在下,使化合物A’与多西紫杉醇反应,获得B’取代的多西紫杉醇衍生物;
步骤d:在质子酸或含氟负离子的试剂以及溶剂的存在下,对步骤c所得B’取代的多西紫杉醇衍生物进行脱TMS保护基的反应,获得式II所示化合物;
其中,化合物A或A’为TMS保护的碘代糖苷;B或B’为化合物A或A’脱碘后形成的基团。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中,
化合物A或A’为TMS保护的吡喃糖基碘、TMS保护的呋喃糖基碘或TMS保护的寡糖基碘;
所述TMS保护的吡喃糖基碘为TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃葡萄糖基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃甘露糖基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃半乳糖基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃N-乙酰基半乳糖胺基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃N-乙酰基葡萄糖胺基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃鼠李糖基碘、或者TMS保护的D-或L-吡喃岩藻糖基碘;
所述TMS保护的呋喃糖基选自TMS保护的D-或L-呋喃核糖基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-呋喃木糖基碘、TMS保护的D-或L-呋喃来苏糖基碘、或者TMS保护的D-或L-2-脱氧呋喃核糖基碘;
所述TMS保护的寡糖基为TMS保护的D-吡喃葡萄糖基-beta-(1→4)-D-吡喃葡萄糖基碘、TMS保护的D-吡喃葡萄糖基-alpha-(1→4)-D-吡喃葡萄糖基碘、TMS保护的D-吡喃甘露糖基-alpha-(1→4)-D-吡喃甘露糖基碘、TMS保护的D-吡喃甘露糖基-beta-(1→4)-D-吡喃甘露糖基碘、或TMS保护的D-吡喃(2-O-氨基甲酰基)甘露糖基-alpha-(1→4)-L-吡喃古洛糖基碘。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其中,
化合物A或化合物A’为TMS保护的D-吡喃葡萄糖基碘、TMS保护的D-吡喃半乳糖基碘或TMS保护的D-吡喃甘露糖基碘。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其中,
化合物A为TMS保护的D-吡喃葡萄糖基碘或TMS保护的D-吡喃半乳糖基碘,化合物A’为TMS保护的D-吡喃葡萄糖基碘或TMS保护的D-吡喃半乳糖基碘。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,在步骤a或步骤c中,
所述烯烃选自2-苯基丙烯、1,1-二苯基乙烯、亚甲基环戊烷、5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯和beta-(-)-蒎烯中的一种或多种,优选beta-(-)-蒎烯;所述烯烃的用量为所述化合物A的1-3个摩尔当量;
所述溶剂选自二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、三氯甲烷、THF、乙醚和甲苯中的一种或多种,优选为二氯甲烷;
所述分子筛为或级别分子筛,优选或分子筛;
反应温度为0-100℃,优选为室温;
反应时间为12-24小时,优选为18小时。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,在所述步骤b中,
所述含氟负离子的试剂选自四丁基氟化铵、KF、HF-三乙胺配合物和HF-吡啶配合物中的一种或多种,优选为HF-吡啶配合物;
所述含氟负离子试剂的用量为化合物A的5-20个摩尔当量;
所述质子酸选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、盐酸和硫酸中的一种或多种,优选为乙酸;
所述质子酸的用量为化合物A的1-3个摩尔当量;
所述溶剂选自二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、三氯甲烷、THF、乙醚和甲苯中的一种或多种,优选为二氯甲烷;
反应温度为0-100℃,优选为室温;
反应时间为12-24小时,优选为18小时。
9.根据权利要求3所述的制备,在所述步骤d中,
所述含氟负离子的试剂选自四丁基氟化铵、KF、HF-三乙胺配合物和HF-吡啶配合物中的一种或多种,优选为HF-吡啶配合物;
所述含氟负离子试剂的用量为化合物A’的1-3个摩尔当量;
所述质子酸选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、盐酸和硫酸中的一种或多种,优选为乙酸;
所述质子酸的用量为化合物A’的1-3个摩尔当量;
所述溶剂选自二氯甲烷、甲醇、乙醇和异丙醇中的一种或多种,优选为甲醇;
反应温度为0-100℃,优选为室温;
反应时间为12-24小时,优选为18小时。
10.权利要求1所述式I所示的糖苷化紫杉醇或式II所示的糖苷化多西紫杉醇在制备治疗或预防恶性肿瘤的药物中的应用,优选地,所述恶性肿瘤为肝癌、肠癌、乳腺癌、头颈部癌、肺癌、黑色素瘤、胃癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌;更优选地,所述肠癌为大肠癌,所述肺癌为小细胞肺癌。
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