CN104642057A - Large-row crop bubbler-trickle furrow irrigation water supply system and furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method thereof - Google Patents
Large-row crop bubbler-trickle furrow irrigation water supply system and furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104642057A CN104642057A CN201510041081.4A CN201510041081A CN104642057A CN 104642057 A CN104642057 A CN 104642057A CN 201510041081 A CN201510041081 A CN 201510041081A CN 104642057 A CN104642057 A CN 104642057A
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- water
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a large-row crop bubbler-trickle furrow irrigation water supply system and a furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method thereof. The large-row crop bubbler-trickle furrow irrigation water supply system comprises a water pump, a device for storing an irrigation water source and a water supply pipeline system, wherein the water supply pipeline system comprises a main and branch pipes, and the water supply pipeline system also comprises two capillary shunting water outlets which are equidistantly connected with each branch pipe through a T-shaped switching union. The invention also includes the large-row crop bubbler-trickle furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method. The large-row crop bubbler-trickle furrow irrigation water supply system disclosed by the invention is applicable to sandy soil. The large-row crop bubbler-trickle furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method disclosed by the invention increases the field flow velocity of irrigation, reduces the deep seepage and useless evaporation of irrigation water, effectively increases the moisture utilization efficiency of large-row crops, also increases the efficiency of fertilization, reduces the quantity of applied fertilizer, and achieves water and fertilizer integration; moreover, the temperature-increasing effect of ridging cultivation and the more optimized outside growth environment lay a foundation for the increase of large-row crop yield.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of large row crop furrow irrigation water system and furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of large row crop spring thread furrow irrigation water system and furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method thereof.
Background technology
Drip irrigation is mainly used in drip-irrigation, orchard drip irrigation; By contrast, land for growing field crops drip irrigation is started late, only promote the use of in cotton production areas such as Xinjiang, Characteristics of Droughts is waited for Xinjiang arid, popularity under-film drip irrigation, general every row crop lays an irrigate band, and line-spacing is less than 1 meter and considers that two row crops lay an irrigate band, and line-spacing is less than 0.3 meter and then considers that multirow-crop lays an irrigate band; From when coming, reverse if China farm land produces, what cereal crops adopted drip irrigation is also a developing direction.At present, surface irrigation is still the main irrigation method of China, for the large row crop in farmland, traditional furrow irrigation is a main irrigation method, but due to this technology large by sublateral canal irrigation quantity, for sand, field furrow irrigation is irrigate water and is advanced slow, Water deep leaching is serious, and ground evaporation quantity is large in addition, and irrigation water using efficiency is not high.The domestic and international achievement in research of ridge furrow irrigation technology is mainly used in wheat crop, such as, prior art CN200910250193.5 discloses the ridge furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method of a kind of irrigated arid area spring wheat and malting barley, comprise the steps: (1) bedder-planter: ridging specification is ridge face width 45 ~ 50cm, furrow is wide is 2533cm, the high 15 ~ 20cm in ridge; Face, ridge is sowed, line-spacing 13 ~ 15cm, seeding quantity is 35 ~ 500,000/mu; (2) irrigate through furrow: utilize furrow to pour water, require the unrestrained ridge of irrigation ditch, wherein watering period, frequency of irrigation are identical with conventional method, and irrigation quantity is than conventional method every mu minimizing 50 ~ 100 sides; But this invention is only for the production of crops as spring wheat, malting barley.
China's shortage of water resources, the water use efficiency of surface irrigation is low, therefore, research and development are suitable for the water saving of sandy farmland soil, joint fertilizer, the large row crop furrow irrigation water system increased production and furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method thereof, most important to the sustainable development of arid area agricultural.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provides a kind of water saving, joint fertilizer, increases production large row crop spring thread furrow irrigation water system and furrow irrigation method of supplying water thereof.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the employing of its technical problem is:
The one large row crop spring thread furrow irrigation water system of the present invention, comprise suction pump, the device of storage source of irrigation water, water supply piping system, wherein, water supply piping system comprises supervisor and arm, and described water supply piping system also comprises on each arm and equidistantly connects shunting 2 hollow billet delivery ports by " fourth " word crossover sub.
Further, described predominant tube diameter is 75mm, and arm diameter is 40mm, two branch interval 0.65 ~ 0.8m, and on each arm, by " fourth " word crossover sub, to connect 2 diameters be diameter to every spacing 2m or 4m is that the hollow billet of 10 ~ 13mm distributes the mouth of a river.
Further, the device of described storage source of irrigation water reaches 10 ~ 20Kpa mono-water vat or water tower device for building gravitational potential in field.
The one large row crop spring thread furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
(1) ditching, ridging: at ground leveling post-trenching ridging, wherein ridge is trapezoidal ridge, ditch bottom width 0.15 ~ 0.2m, ridge bottom width 0.35 ~ 0.4m, the high 0.15 ~ 0.2m in ridge;
(2) furrow irrigation water system is laid: first build the device that gravitational potential reaches a storage source of irrigation water of 10Kpa in field, utilize suction pump to be regularly extracted at water source in the device of storage source of irrigation water, utilize Action of Gravity Field to irrigate; The supervisor of water supply piping system is underground piping, is embedded in rand, and buried depth is 50 ~ 100cm, and every 2 irrigation ditches that supervisor controls bury an arm underground, and arm is buried underground as the dark 50 ~ 100cm in ground; Each arm equidistantly connects shunting 2 hollow billet delivery ports by " fourth " word crossover sub, and supply water to respectively 2 adjacent irrigation ditches, the water flow of hollow billet is different because of the size of head, controls at more than 100L/h;
(3) crop-planting: at the large row crop of the planted on two sides on 2 ridges, the line space different according to the different choice of large row crop;
(4) spring thread furrow irrigation: utilize the described hollow billet delivery port of step (2) to carry out irrigated crop each breeding time at large row crop.
The present invention's big row crop spring thread furrow irrigation water system, utilize equally spaced hollow billet delivery port on each arm of buried soil depth below ditch to carry out the irrigation of spring tubelet effluent, the Pipeline Water of thread divides and enters ground ditch soil, is applicable to sandy soil soil.The present invention's big row crop spring thread furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method accelerates the field flow velocity of irrigation, decrease deep percolation and the invalid evaporation of irrigation water, effectively improve large row crop water use efficiency, simultaneously, owing to adopting piped water supply system, fertilizer applies to irrigate together with water, also improves fertilising efficiency, decrease total fertilization amount, reach water-fertilizer integral; And the warming effect of Root growth and more optimal external growth environment have established the basis of large row crop volume increase.Experiment proves, the present invention's big row crop spring thread furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method, more traditional furrow irrigation and drip irrigation compare, spring thread ditch irrigation technology is while increase yield 20%, when during branch interval 2m, water use efficiency improves 49.6 ~ 65.2%, 9.0 ~ 38.7% and branch interval 4m respectively, water use efficiency improves 45 ~ 58.3%, 14.1 ~ 32.6% respectively, demonstrates larger water-saving and yield-increasing effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is crop spring thread of the present invention furrow irrigation water system schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is water supply piping system cutaway view of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is illustrated further.
Embodiment 1
(1) ditching, ridging: after the leveling of ground, utilize the tractor of specialty to carry out ditching, ridging ditching, ridging, wherein ridge is trapezoidal ridge, ditch bottom width 0.15m, ridge bottom width 0.35m, ridge height 0.15m;
(2) furrow irrigation water system is laid: first build the water vat that a gravitational potential is the storage source of irrigation water of 10Kpa in field, utilize suction pump to be regularly extracted in water vat by water source, utilize Action of Gravity Field to irrigate; The supervisor of water supply piping system is underground piping (buried depth is 50cm), is embedded in rand, controls whole field pipe-net ditch, and every 2 irrigation ditches that supervisor controls bury an arm underground, and arm buried depth is consistent with supervisor, is 50cm; On each arm, every spacing 2m connects 2 hollow billets by " fourth " word crossover sub and distributes the mouth of a river, and supply water to respectively 2 adjacent irrigation ditches, the water flow of hollow billet is more than 150L/h;
(3) crop-planting: corn variety chose local main breed general breeding time at 120 ~ 135 days, and effective accumulated temperature about 2800 degree, selects the corn seed of dressing, can not vernalization, directly sows; In June, the first tenday period of a month are at the planted on two sides corn on 2 ridges, and line-spacing and spacing in the rows are respectively 30cm, and control thickness of sowing is 65000 strains/hectare;
(4) spring thread furrow irrigation: utilize hollow billet delivery port to irrigate in each breeding time of corn growth, comprise seedling stage, shooting stage, tasseling stage, weave silk phase and pustulation period, the ratio that each irrigation quantity accounts for total Water breeding time is respectively: 15%, 15%, 25%, 20% and 25%, and total amount of pouring water is 320mm; Using of fertilizer can adopt fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, as not having fertilizer, can adopt chemical fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer can adopt base to execute, and uses super phosphate fertilizer (15.5%P
2o
5), phosphorus application amount 128kg P
2o
5/ ha, potash fertilizer uses potassium sulfate fertilizers (48%K
2o), amount of potassium applied is 64kg K
2o, nitrogenous fertilizer adopts and manually to spread fertilizer over the fields or fertilizer applicator carries out water-fertilizer integral and uses, and use urea (46%N), amount of application is 319kgN/ha or the local high efficiency liquid fertilizer produced, and spray, fertilizing amount is 208L/hm
2; Concrete frequency of irrigation, irrigation norm and fertilizing amount are according to can local climate characteristic, soil types and land fertility situation suitably adjust; Other measure of later stage field management is all identical with corn traditional cultivation mode.Experimental result shows, more traditional furrow irrigation and drip irrigation compare, spring thread ditch irrigation technology is while increase yield 20%, when during branch interval 2m, water use efficiency improves 49.6 ~ 65.2%, 9.0 ~ 38.7% and branch interval 4m respectively, water use efficiency improves 45 ~ 58.3%, 14.1 ~ 32.6% respectively, demonstrates larger water-saving and yield-increasing effect.
Claims (4)
1. a large row crop spring thread furrow irrigation water system, comprise suction pump, the device of storage source of irrigation water, water supply piping system, wherein, water supply piping system comprises supervisor and arm, it is characterized in that, described water supply piping system also comprises and each arm equidistantly connects 2 hollow billets by " fourth " word crossover sub distributes the mouth of a river.
2. large row crop spring thread furrow irrigation water system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described predominant tube diameter is 75mm, arm diameter is 40mm, two branch interval 0.65 ~ 0.8m, on each arm, by " fourth " word crossover sub, to connect 2 diameters be diameter to every spacing 2m or 4m is that the hollow billet of 10 ~ 13mm distributes the mouth of a river.
3. large row crop spring thread furrow irrigation water system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the device of described storage source of irrigation water reaches 10 ~ 20Kpa mono-water vat or water tower device for building gravitational potential in field.
4. the large row crop spring thread furrow irrigation water-saving cultivation method as described in one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) ditching, ridging: at ground leveling post-trenching ridging, wherein ridge is trapezoidal ridge, ditch bottom width 0.15 ~ 0.2m, ridge bottom width 0.35 ~ 0.4m, the high 0.15 ~ 0.2m in ridge;
(2) furrow irrigation water system is laid: first build the device that gravitational potential reaches a storage source of irrigation water of 10Kpa in field, utilize suction pump to be regularly extracted at water source in the device of storage source of irrigation water, utilize Action of Gravity Field to irrigate; The supervisor of water supply piping system is underground piping, is embedded in rand, and buried depth is 50 ~ 100cm, and every 2 irrigation ditches that supervisor controls bury an arm underground, and arm is buried underground as the dark 50 ~ 100cm in ground; Each arm equidistantly connects shunting 2 hollow billet delivery ports by " fourth " word crossover sub, and supply water to respectively 2 adjacent irrigation ditches, the water flow of hollow billet is different because of the size of head, controls at more than 100L/h;
(3) crop-planting: at the large row crop of the planted on two sides on 2 ridges, the line space different according to the different choice of crop;
(4) spring thread furrow irrigation: utilize the described hollow billet delivery port of step (2) to carry out irrigated crop each breeding time at large row crop.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105010089A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-11-04 | 韶关车八岭农业科技有限公司 | Water supply pool for large-scale planting of Dendrobium officinale |
| CN108029484A (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2018-05-15 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | A kind of anti drought cultivation method of potato |
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Application publication date: 20150527 |