CN104619832A - 经修饰的腺伴随病毒载体组合物 - Google Patents
经修饰的腺伴随病毒载体组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了包含长度为3300-4200个核苷酸的核酸的腺伴随病毒填充物组分。
Description
相关申请
本专利申请要求享有于2012年7月6日提交的美国申请系列号61/668,839的优先权权益,所述申请通过引用并入本文。
序列表
本申请包含序列表,所述序列表已通过EFS-Web以ASCII格式递交,并且以其整体通过引用并入本文。所述ASCII副本,于2013年3月14日生成,命名为17023.126WO1_SL.txt,并且大小为39,125字节。
背景
腺伴随病毒(AAV)是细小病毒科(parvoviridae family)的小的非致病病毒。AAV通过其依靠辅助病毒进行复制而与该科其他成员区别。AAV的约5kb基因组由一段正或负极性的单链DNA组成。基因组的末端是短的反向末端重复,其可以折叠为发夹结构并且作为病毒DNA复制起点。在物质上(Physically),细小病毒病毒体是无包膜的并且其二十面的衣壳直径约20nm。
迄今为止,已经鉴定很多种血清学上不同的AAV,并且已经从人或灵长类中分离。Govindasamy 等, “Structurally Mapping the Diverse Phenotype of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 4,” J. Vir., 80 (23):11556-11570 (2006)。例如,AAV2的基因组长度为4680个核苷酸并且包含两个可读框(ORF)。左侧的ORF编码非结构性的Rep蛋白,Rep 40、Rep 52、Rep 68和Rep 78,它们除了涉及单链的后代基因组的产生,还涉及复制和转录的调节。Rep68/78同样显示出具有NTP结合活性和DNA和RNA解旋酶活性。Rep蛋白具有核定位信号和几个潜在的磷酸化位点。这些激酶位点之一的突变,导致复制活性的丢失。
基因组的末端是短的反向末端重复(ITR),所述反向末端重复具有潜力以折叠为作为病毒DNA复制起点的T形发夹结构。在ITR区中已描述对于ITR功能重要的两个元件,GAGC重复基序和末端解离位点(trs)。重复基序已显示出当ITR为线性或发夹构象时均结合Rep。该结合作用于位置Rep68/78用于在trs切割,其以位点和链特异性的方式发生。
AAV的以下特征使得其成为用于基因转移的有吸引力的载体。AAV载体具有广泛的宿主范围;在体外和体内转导分裂的和不分裂的细胞,并且维持转导基因高水平的表达。病毒颗粒是热稳定的、耐溶剂的、耐去污剂的、耐pH变化的、耐温度变化的,并且可以在CsCl梯度中浓缩。AAV不与任何致病事件有关,并且使用AAV载体转导没有发现对细胞生长或分化诱导任何持续的负面影响。ITR已显示为是允许完全去除病毒基因以产生载体系统的包装所需的唯一顺式(cis)元件。
目前需要具有改进的包装特征的AAV载体。
概述
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供腺伴随病毒(AAV)填充物(filler)组分(也称为“填充片段(stuffer)序列”),其包含与SEQ ID NO: 1或SEQ ID NO:2具有至少90%同一性的长度为3300-4200个核苷酸的核酸。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供腺伴随病毒(AAV)填充物组分,其由与SEQ ID NO: 1或SEQ ID NO:2具有至少90%同一性的长度为3300-4200个核苷酸的核酸组成。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供AAV载体,其包含上述填充物组分。
附图和表格简述
图1是5pFBAAVmU6miHDS1填充片段(9110bp)的质粒图谱。
图2是5pFBAAVmU6miHDS1填充片段(填充片段#1)(SEQ ID NO:3)的序列。
图3提供5pFBAAVmU6miHDS1填充片段(SEQ ID NO:1, 4-11)的各种单独组分的序列。
图4是显示相对Htt表达的图。
图5是5pFBAAVmU6miHDS1-填充片段的质粒图谱。
图6是5pFBAAVmU6miHDS1-填充片段(SEQ ID NO:12)的质粒序列。
图7提供填充片段序列(填充片段#2)(SEQ ID NO:2)。
图8. 完整病毒体相对于空病毒体的EM评估。两个空病毒体的实例通过箭头突出显示。该制备物只具有~4%的空病毒体,这是非常低的。
图9. 银染色以检测纯化的病毒体的衣壳完整性。几种不同的miRNA-表达构建体与内含子I/II填充片段一同工程化入穿梭载体以生成接近野生型基因组大小。纯化的病毒显示出最佳的VP1、VP2和VP3蛋白比例。
表1. miR-内含子 l/II 病毒体的包装效率%和污染物%。
详述
AAV载体和表达盒
本发明的病毒载体利用AAV载体。“AAV”载体指腺伴随病毒,并且可以用来指天然存在的野生型病毒本身或其衍生物。除非另有要求,该术语涵盖全部亚型、血清型和假型,以及天然存在和重组形式。如本文使用的,术语“血清型”指这样的AAV,所述AAV通过基于衣壳蛋白与确定的抗血清(例如,存在8种已知的灵长类AAV血清型,AAV-1至AAV-8)的反应性进行鉴定并区别于其他AAV。例如,血清型AAV-2用于指这样的AAV,所述AAV包含从AAV-2的cap基因编码的衣壳蛋白和含有来自相同AAV-2血清型的5'和3' ITR序列的基因组。
假型AAV指包含来自一种血清型的衣壳蛋白和包括第二种血清型的5'-3' ITR的病毒基因组的AAV。假型rAAV期望具有衣壳血清型的细胞表面结合特性和与ITR血清型一致的遗传特性。假型rAAV使用本领域描述的标准技术生产。如本文所用的,例如,rAAV1可以用于指具来自相同血清型的衣壳蛋白和5'-3' ITR的AAV,或其可以指具有来自血清型1的衣壳蛋白和来自不同AAV血清型(例如AAV血清型2)的5'-3' ITR的AAV。
缩写“rAAV”指重组腺伴随病毒,同样指重组AAV载体(或“rAAV载体”)。在一个实施方案中,AAV表达载体使用已知技术构建,以至少提供在转录方向上的可操作地连接的组分,包括转录起始区、目标DNA和转录终止区的控制元件。选择在哺乳动物细胞中有功能的控制元件。产生的包含可操作地连接的组分的构建体侧接(5'和3')有功能的AAV ITR序列。
“腺伴随病毒反向末端重复”或“AAV ITR”意指在AAV基因组每一端发现的本领域公知的区域,其以顺式一同作为DNA复制起点并且作为病毒的包装信号。
已知AAV ITR区的核苷酸序列。如本文使用的,“AAV ITR”不需要具有描述的野生型核苷酸序列,但是可以被改变,例如,通过核苷酸的插入、删除或取代。此外,AAV ITR可以来自几种AAV血清型中的任一种,包括但不限于,AAV-1、AAV-2、AAV-3、AAV-4、AAV-5、AAV7等。此外,在AAV载体中侧接所选择的核苷酸序列的5'和3' ITR不需要一定相同或源自相同的AAV血清型或分离物,只要它们的功能如预期的,即,允许删除和拯救来自宿主细胞基因组或载体的目的序列。
AAV ITR可以从包含其的AAV载体质粒中切除,并使用标准连接技术融合存在于另一个载体中的所选核酸构建体的5'和3' ,例如Sambrook和Russell, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Cold Spring Harbor, NY (2001)中描述的那些。例如,连接可以在20 mM Tris-Cl pH 7.5、10 mM MgCl2、10 mM DTT、33 μg/ml BSA、10 mM-50 mM NaCl中与40 μM ATP、0.01-0.02 (Weiss)单位T4 DNA连接酶在0℃ (用于“粘性末端”连接)或与1 mM ATP、0.3-0.6 (Weiss)单位T4 DNA 连接酶在14℃ (用于“平末端”连接)完成。分子间的“粘性末端”连接通常在总DNA浓度30-100 μg/ml(总终浓度5-100 nM)实施。包含ITR的AAV载体在例如美国专利号5,139,941中描述。特别地,在其中描述了几种可从美国典型培养物保藏中心(“ATCC”)在检索号53222、53223、53224、53225和53226下得到的AAV载体。
腺伴随病毒优选地包装全长基因组,即近似天然基因组相同大小并且不太大或太小的基因组。很多靶核酸序列或编码靶核酸序列的表达盒非常小。为避免包装片段化的基因组,本发明人设计并测试了当连接至表达盒时在ITR之间产生长度上大小接近于正常的基因组的核酸序列。起始序列是哺乳动物起点,但是显著地修饰以确保该“填充物组分”(也称为“填充片段序列”)除其他之外缺乏增强子、启动子、剪接调节子、非编码RNAs或反义序列。也就是说,填充片段序列是“沉默的”并且对表达盒不赋予活性。
在本发明中,用于AAV载体的合适的DNA分子将包括,例如,填充片段序列和编码本发明siRNA分子的表达盒。很多表达盒非常小,例如那些表达抑制RNAs(siRNAs和shRNAs)的表达盒。因此,有必要添加序列至盒,从而构成全长或接近全长的AAV基因组。如果只有小基因组用于AAV生产,则重组病毒体会是异质的并且包含各种大小基因组。这是因为病毒喜欢包装全长基因组,所以它会挑取其他DNA片段以填充空间。填充片段不能太大,因为高于野生型基因组大小的105%的AAV基因组将通常不能包装。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供腺伴随病毒(AAV)填充物组分(也称为“填充片段序列”),其包含与SEQ ID NO: 1或SEQ ID NO:2具有至少90%同一性的长度为3300-4200个核苷酸的核酸。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供腺伴随病毒(AAV)填充物组分,其由与SEQ ID NO: 1或SEQ ID NO:2具有至少90%同一性的长度为3300-4200个核苷酸的核酸组成。在某些实施方案中,填充物组分由与SEQ ID NO: 1或SEQ ID NO:2至少90%的同一性组成。在某些实施方案中,填充物组分与SEQ ID NO: 1或SEQ ID NO:2具有95%同一性、98%同一性、99%同一性或甚至100%同一性。在某些实施方案中,填充物组分具有长度约3500-4000个核苷酸,或约3700-3850个核苷酸。在本发明中,填充物组分在生物活性方面是“沉默的”,因为其缺乏增强子、启动子、剪接调节子、非编码RNAs、反义序列或编码序列。
术语“核酸”指以单链或双链形式的脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)或核糖核酸(RNA)和其聚合物,其由包含糖、磷酸和可以是嘌呤或嘧啶的碱基的单体(核苷酸)构成。除非明确地限定,该术语包括包含天然核苷酸的已知类似物的核酸,所述类似物具有与参考核酸相似的结合特性并且以与天然存在的核苷酸相似的方式代谢。除非另有说明,具体的核酸序列同样包括其经保守修饰的变体(例如简并密码子取代)和互补序列,以及明确说明的序列。特别地,简并密码子取代可以通过生成其中一个或多个选择的(或全部的)密码子的第三位取代有混合的碱基和/或脱氧肌苷残基的序列实现。“核酸片段”是给出的核酸分子的一部分。
“核苷酸序列”是DNA或RNA的聚合物,其可以是单链或双链的,任选地包含可以掺入DNA或RNA聚合物中的合成的、非天然的或经修饰的核苷酸碱基。术语“核酸”、“核酸分子”、“核酸片段”、“核酸序列或区段”或“多核苷酸”可互换使用,并且可以同样与基因、通过基因编码的cDNA、DNA和RNA互换使用。
本发明包括分离的或实质上纯化的核酸组合物。在本发明的上下文中,“分离的”或“纯化的”DNA分子或RNA分子是远离其天然环境存在的DNA分子或RNA分子并且因此不是天然产物。分离的DNA分子或RNA分子可以以纯化的形式存在,或者可以在非天然环境,例如在转基因宿主细胞中存在。例如,“分离的”或“纯化的”核酸分子或其生物活性的部分,在通过重组技术生产时实质上不含其他细胞材料或培养基,或者当化学合成时实质上不含化学前体或其他化学品。在一个实施方案中,“分离的”核酸不含在所述核酸来源于其的生物的基因组DNA中天然地侧接所述核酸的序列(即位于所述核酸的5'和3'端的序列)。例如,在多个实施方案中,分离的核酸分子可以包含小于约5kb、4kb、3kb、2kb、1kb、0.5kb或0.1kb的在所述核酸来源于其的细胞的基因组DNA中天然地侧接所述核酸分子的核苷酸序列。公开的核酸的片段和变体也包括在本发明中。“片段”或“部分”意指全长的核苷酸序列或小于全长的核苷酸序列。
“天然存在的”、“天然的”或“野生型”用于描述可以在自然中发现而区别于人工生产的对象。例如,存在于生物(包括病毒)中的蛋白或核苷酸序列(其可以从自然中的来源分离并且没有通过实验室人员有意地修饰)是天然存在的。
“基因组”指生物的全部遗传材料。
“载体”定义为包括,尤其是任何病毒载体,以及任何质粒、粘粒、噬菌体或双元载体,其以双链或单链、线性或环状形式,可以是或可以不是可自主转移的或可移动的,并且其可以转化原核或真核宿主。
AAV ITR
“AAV病毒”或“AAV病毒颗粒”指由至少一个AAV衣壳蛋白(优选由野生型AAV的全部衣壳蛋白)和使衣壳化的多核苷酸构成的病毒颗粒。如果颗粒包含异源的多核苷酸(即,野生型AAV基因组以外的多核苷酸,例如递送至哺乳动物细胞的转基因),其通常称为“rAAV”。
在一个实施方案中,AAV表达载体使用已知技术构建,以至少提供在转录方向上的可操作地连接的组分,包括转录起始区、目的DNA和转录终止区的控制元件。选择在哺乳动物细胞中有功能的控制元件。产生的包含可操作地连接的组分的构建体侧接(5'和3')有功能的AAV ITR序列。
“腺伴随病毒反向末端重复”或“AAV ITR”意指在AAV基因组的每一端发现的本领域公知的区域,其以顺式一同作为DNA复制起点并且作为病毒的包装信号。AAV ITR,与AAV rep编码区一同,提供从表达它们的质粒中的有效删除。
已知AAV ITR区的核苷酸序列。如本文使用的,“AAV ITR”不需要具有描述的野生型核苷酸序列,但可以被修饰,例如通过核苷酸的插入、删除或取代。此外,AAV ITR可以源自几种AAV血清型的任一种,包括但不限于,AAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV7等。此外,在AAV载体中侧接所选择的核苷酸序列的5'和3' ITR不需要一定相同或来源于相同的AAV血清型或分离物,只要它们的功能如预期的,即,允许从载体删除和拯救目的序列和将期望的基因组包装入AAV病毒体。
在一个实施方案中,AAV ITR可以源自几种AAV血清型的任一种,包括但不限于,AAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV7等。此外,在AAV表达载体中侧接选择的核苷酸序列的5'和3' ITR不需要一定相同或来源于相同的AAV血清型或分离物,只要它们的功能如预期的,即,允许从载体删除和拯救目的序列和允许将期望的基因组包装入AAV病毒体。
在某些实施方案中,本发明提供腺伴随病毒(AAV)载体,其包含可操作地连接至表达盒的如上文所述的填充物组分。在某些实施方案中,表达盒包含启动子。在某些实施方案中,启动子是pol III启动子。在某些实施方案中,启动子是mU6启动子。在某些实施方案中,AAV载体进一步包含靶序列。在某些实施方案中,靶序列是RNAi分子。
如本文使用的“表达盒”意指能够在合适的宿主细胞中指导特定核苷酸序列表达的核酸序列,其可以包括可操作地连接至目的核苷酸序列的启动子,所述目的核苷酸序列可以可操作地连接至终止信号。编码区通常编码目的功能RNA,例如RNAi分子。包括目的核苷酸序列的表达盒可以是嵌合的。表达盒还可以是天然存在的但是已经以用于异源表达的重组形式获得的表达盒。
双链RNA(dsRNA)可以通过称为RNA干扰(RNAi)的过程在很多生物中诱导序列特异性的转录后的基因沉默。RNA片段是RNAi的序列特异性的介体。通过这些RNA干扰(RNAi)分子的基因表达干扰如今被公认为在很多生物的细胞中沉默基因的天然存在的策略。
本发明某些实施方案提供编码分离的RNAi分子的载体。如本文使用的术语“由……编码”以广义使用,类似于在专利术语中的术语“包含”。RNAi分子包括siRNA、shRNA和其他小RNA,其可以或有能力调节靶基因的表达,例如通过RNA干扰。这样的小RNA包括但不限于,shRNA和微RNA(miroRNA, miRNA)。
“可操作地连接”指在单一核酸片段上核酸序列的连接,从而使得序列之一的功能受另一个所影响。例如,将调节DNA序列称为“可操作地连接至”编码RNA或多肽的DNA序列或“与其连接”,如果这两个序列处于这样的位置,从而使得调节DNA序列影响编码DNA序列的表达(即,编码序列或功能RNA在启动子的转录控制之下)。编码序列可以以有义或反义方向可操作地连接至调节序列。
可操作地连接的核酸是位于与另一核酸序列的功能关系中的核酸。例如,启动子或增强子可操作地连接至编码序列,如果其影响所述序列的转录;或核糖体结合位点可操作地连接至编码序列,如果它这样放置从而使得促进翻译。通常,可操作地连接的DNA序列是连续连接的DNA序列。然而,增强子不必是连续的。连接通过在方便的限制性位点连接来完成。如果这样的位点不存在,则依照常规实践使用合成的寡核苷酸衔接头(adaptor)或接头(linker)。
本发明现将通过以下非限制性实施例来说明。
实施例1
生成包含AAV2 ITR、mU6启动子、miHDSl靶序列、填充物组分填充片段和AAV骨架的质粒FBAAVmU6miHDS1填充片段(图1)。5pFBAAVmU6miHDSlAAV填充片段的序列在图2中提供,并且该质粒的单独组分的序列在图3中提供。全长的填充物组分(“填充片段序列”)由3776个核苷酸组成。
实施例2
比较表达miHDSl的载体的体内沉默效率。构建4种载体:(1)表达控制序列(miSAFE)并且包含控制序列(eGFP)的载体,(2)表达靶序列(miHDSl)并且包含控制序列(eGFP)的载体,(3)表达控制序列(miSAFE)并且包含实施例1中所述的填充片段序列的载体,和(4)表达靶序列(miHDS 1)并且包含实施例1中所述的填充片段序列的载体。
miSAFE和miHDSl的序列在先前已有讨论(见,PCT/US2012/024904,其在此以其整体通过引用并入本文)。野生型小鼠在纹状体中注射4种载体。小鼠在1个月后处死并且通过QPCR测定相对于Actb表达水平的Htt表达。图4显示在misafe/eGFP和miHDSl /eGFP表达盒之间存在表达20%的降低,而在misafe/填充片段和miHDSl /填充片段表达盒之间存在表达60%的降低,即,当使用填充片段时,表达降低60%。
实施例3
生成包含AAV2 ITR、mU6启动子、miHDSl靶序列、填充物组分填充片段和AAV骨架的质粒5pFBAAVmU6miHDSl填充片段(图5)。质粒5pFBAAVmU6miHDSl AAV-填充片段的序列在图6中提供。填充片段(填充片段#2)的序列在图7中提供。
实施例4
AAV包装的考虑因素之一是维持最佳的基因组大小。当这发生时,将缺少基因组的形式的病毒体的比例降到最低。进行测试新填充片段序列的包装效率的实验并且发现高效率的包装。例如,见表1“平均空的(Average empty)”和图8。如果进行包装的遗传材料包含非miRNA:内含子填充片段序列,则也测量它。发现用于病毒产生的非计划中的(unintended)基因组材料的掺入是极低的(Cap/rAAV、Amp/rAAV、Gent/rAAV)。最终,病毒质量通过在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后的银染色进行分析,并且发现包含合适比例的各种衣壳蛋白(VP1、VP2和VP3;图9)。总之,内含子 I/II填充片段序列允许将期望的转基因包装入AAV衣壳的最佳包装。
全部公开、专利和专利申请通过引用并入本文。虽然在前述说明书中本发明已经关于其某些优选的实施方案进行了描述,并且很多细节已经为说明目的而进行陈述,但对本领域技术人员将显而易见的是本发明允许额外的实施方案,并且本文描述的某些细节可以在不背离本发明基本原则的情况下进行相当大地改变。
在描述本发明的情况下使用的术语“一个(a)”和“一个(an)”和“所述(the)”和相似的指示物,应解释为涵盖单数和复数,除非本文另有说明或在上下文中明显矛盾。术语“包含(comprising)”、“具有(having)”、“包括(including)”和“含有(containing)”应解释为开放式(open-ended)术语(即,意为“包括,但不限于”),除非另有注释。本文的值的范围的详述仅仅旨在作为单独地指每一独立的值落入所述范围内的速记方法,除非本文另有说明,并且每一独立的值如同其被本文单独地描述一样并入本说明书中。本文描述的所有方法可以以任何合适的顺序实施,除非本文另有说明或另外在上下文中明显矛盾。本文提供的任何和全部实例、或示例性语言(例如“例如(such as)”)的使用,仅仅旨在更好地说明本发明并且不构成对本发明范围的限制,除非另有声明。在说明书中的任何语言均不应解释为表示对于本发明的实践是必需的任何未声明的要素。
本文描述了本发明的实施方案,其包括本发明人已知的实施本发明的最佳模式。那些实施方案的变化对于本领域普通技术人员而言基于阅读前文描述可以是显而易见的。本发明人期望技术人员合适地采用此类变化,并且本发明人旨在本发明以与本文明确描述不同的其他方式来实践。因此,本发明包括由适用法律允许的在本文附带的权利要求中描述的主题的所有修改和等同方案。此外,上述要素在其所有可能变化中的任何组合均包括于本发明中,除非本文另有说明或另外在上下文中明显矛盾。
Claims (11)
1.腺伴随病毒(AAV)填充物组分,其包含与SEQ ID NO: 1或SEQ ID NO:2具有至少90%同一性的长度为3300-4200个核苷酸的核酸。
2.腺伴随病毒(AAV)填充物组分,其由与SEQ ID NO: 1或SEQ ID NO:2具有至少90%同一性的长度为3300-4200个核苷酸的核酸组成。
3.权利要求1或权利要求2的AAV填充物组分,其中所述核酸为3500-4000个核苷酸。
4.权利要求1或权利要求2的AAV填充物组分,其中所述核酸为3700-3850个核苷酸。
5.权利要求1至4中任一项的AAV填充物组分,其中所述核酸与SEQ ID NO: 1或SEQ ID NO:2具有至少95%的同一性。
6.腺伴随病毒(AAV)载体,其包含可操作地连接至表达盒的权利要求1至5中任一项的填充物组分。
7.权利要求6的AAV载体,其中所述表达盒包含启动子。
8.权利要求7的AAV载体,其中所述启动子是pol III启动子。
9.权利要求8的AAV载体,其中所述启动子是mU6启动子。
10.权利要求6至9中任一项的AAV载体,其进一步包含靶序列。
11.权利要求10的AAV载体,其中所述靶序列是RNAi分子。
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