CN104585023A - Distant hybridization method of wild oats and common wheat - Google Patents
Distant hybridization method of wild oats and common wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN104585023A CN104585023A CN201510031809.5A CN201510031809A CN104585023A CN 104585023 A CN104585023 A CN 104585023A CN 201510031809 A CN201510031809 A CN 201510031809A CN 104585023 A CN104585023 A CN 104585023A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat hybridization, and discloses a distant hybridization method of wild oats and common wheat. According to the method, the common wheat is taken as a female parent, and the wild oats are taken as male parents; the female parent is planted in a dispersed way, the male parents are evenly planted around the female parent, and a one-female and multi-male hybridization system is formed by the female parent and the plurality of male parents planted around the female parent; or the male parent is planted in a dispersed way, a plurality of female parents are evenly planted around the male parent, and one-male and multiple-female hybridization system is formed by the male parent and the plurality of female parents planted around the male parent. After the distant hybridization method of the wild oats and the common wheat is adopted, the process of selecting male spike in an existing hybridization process is omitted, and the efficiency and the operation convenience of hybridization are greatly improved; furthermore, the male parents and the female parents are planted in a mixed way, so that the distant hybridization of the wild oats and the common wheat can be better realized, and the problem that the hybridization of the wild oats and the common wheat is not firm can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wheat hybridizing technical field, be specifically related to the distant hybridization method of a kind of havergrass and common wheat.
Background technology
All generally that maternal fixing, temporarily the tassel of male parent chooses Parent separately plantation in existing wheat hybridizing process.
Existing crossover process mainly contains following step:
(1) selection of parent
By namely fixed hybrid combination, selection physically well develops, healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect, fringe handle is extracted out from base portion leaf sheath about 3 ~ 6cm, but not yet blooms, and namely the main fringe of the immature plant of flower pesticide is as female parent.
(2) whole fringe
First cut off the small ear of tassel top and base portion before maternal emasculation with scissors, grow healthy and strong small ear for 8 ~ 10 that only retain middle part, then remove hypogenetic little Hua in the middle part of each small ear with tweezers folder, each small ear only stays two flowers of base portion.Awns and the coetonium top 1/4 ~ 1/3 of every little Hua is cut off again with scissors.
(3) emasculation
Be clipped in by the wheat head after whole fringe between left hand thumb and middle finger, gently press coetonium top to make interior coetoniumly to open with forefinger, right hand tweezers insert in interior coetonium joint close gently, clamp the top of three flower pesticide, press from both sides out light and slowly.Note flower pesticide not being clipped broken, the column cap and interior coetonium of can not damaging.If once clip broken flower pesticide, at this moment should extract this flower, and clean forceps tips with cotton ball soaked in alcohol, to kill attached superincumbent pollen.Clear three flower pesticide to be counted during folder whether all get only.
Emasculation will have certain order, from bottom to top or from top to bottom can, gone to side to remove opposite side again, carried out successively, in order to avoid omit.During emasculation, as found, flower pesticide turns yellow, then should be noted that whether flower pesticide breaks, generally, such little Hua can not use again, it should be removed.Pressed from both sides the flower pesticide that turns yellow or finished a kind when separately changing a kind, also will disinfect in alcohol, in case pollen is taken in other flowers or kind with the tweezers crossed.
After maternal tassel emasculation, isolation must be entangled with sheepskin paper bag immediately, in case other pollen import into.The paper bag put will fold, and pins with clip or pin, in order to avoid be blown away.
(4) collection of pollen and pollination
When the column cap of emasculation flower is pinniform bifurcated, represents that column cap is ripe, should pollinate in time.General after emasculation 2 ~ 4 days the morning 9 time front and afternoon 4 time after carry out pollination better.
General employing is twisted with the fingers fringe method and is pollinated, and crossing work efficiency is high, and ripening rate is also high.The step of twisting with the fingers the pollination of fringe method is: first select male parent fringe.Male parent fringe should be physically well develop, healthy and strong, without damage by disease and insect, and middle part small ear has the tassel of little the flowers are in blossom the mistake of small part.Male parent fringe (staying 3 ㎝ fringe handles) is cut with scissors, the small ear cutting off awns and can not bloom the same day at once, and the clever shell of little Hua is cut 1/3, after holding 1 minute, maternal paper bag top is cut off with scissors, be inserted in paper bag by whole good male parent fringe, fringe handle should be exposed at outside paper bag, seals paper bag suitable for reading.After 5 ~ 10 minutes, gently twist fringe handle with have gentle hands, make it rotate a few around maternal fringe.Afterwards, take out male parent fringe, use pin suitable for reading for paper bag folding not good immediately.As long as general male parent fringe has 2 ~ 3 good loose powder of flower pesticide just can meet the needs of pollination.
Regain together with tassel when paper bag on maternal fringe can remain into results always.If Parent is inconsistent for flowering stage, to sowing time be adjusted at seeding time, accomplish flower synchronization as far as possible.Wheat generally all can be bloomed round the clock, but more to bloom daytime.Bloom daytime and have two peaks.Much more general the morning 5 ~ 10 time and afternoon 16 ~ 20 time.But the time on peak of blooming is different and different with weather conditions with kind, area.
Current, the narrow problem of Wheat Germplasm Resources is still unresolved, comparatively enrich merit gene, but the distant hybridization of common wheat and havergrass is very difficult because havergrass class wild resource contains, mainly can not be normally solid, this has had a strong impact on the utilization of havergrass class resource.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the distant hybridization method of a kind of havergrass and common wheat, the method achieve the distant hybridization of havergrass and common wheat, solve havergrass and the cross-infertile difficult problem of common wheat.
In order to realize above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The distant hybridization method of a kind of havergrass and common wheat, common wheat is as female parent, havergrass is as male parent, maternal dispersion plantation, male parent is evenly planted around female parent, and multiple male parents that a female parent and described female parent are planted around form the hybridization system of female many fathers, or male parent dispersion plantation, female parent is evenly planted around male parent, and multiple female parents of planting around a male parent and described male parent form the hybridization system of the many mothers of a father.
Preferably, adopt the hybridization system of female many fathers, each maternal plantation around 4-6 male parent.
Also comprise step: before pollination hybridization, male parent small ear is cut off 1/4.
Preferably, a cape skin paper bag is established in each male parent and the maternal small ear outer cover corresponding with this male parent of hybridizing system, described male parent and maternal small ear corresponding are with it covered in bag, then outside cape skin paper bag, add the large parchment bag of one deck, all cape skin paper bags are all covered in same large parchment bag, in the hybridization pollination phase, shake large parchment bag, realize spontaneous pollination.
Preferably, described shake is shake once every day.
Preferably, the described shake time is every morning 6-8 point.
Preferably, in the hybridization pollination phase, in large parchment bag, carry out spraying humidification.
Preferably, maternal is more than 90% with the humid control of paternal hybrid process.
Preferably, havergrass of the present invention can select Portugal wild oat, dliploid wild oat or light bran wild oat, and common wheat generally selects Jin Wamai.
The cross method of havergrass provided by the invention and common wheat, planted by male parent and maternal mixed seeding, eliminate in existing crossover process and choose this process of male parent tassel, because this process need uses certain professional knowledge, and there is the problems such as the amount of labour used is excessive, this process is omitted, substantially increase efficiency and the simple operation of hybridization, simultaneously, Parent mixed seeding also achieves the distant hybridization of havergrass and common wheat better, solves havergrass and the cross-infertile difficult problem of common wheat.
The distant hybridization method of havergrass provided by the invention and common wheat, its beneficial effect is also:
(1) solve artificial sth. made by twisting fringe pollination in prior art and easily miss the defect of best hybridization phase;
(2) by sheepskin paper bag internal spraying humidification, well solve the control to humidity in crossover process, enable relative moisture reach more than 90%, effectively improve ripening rate.
(3) shake male parent and maternal tassel every day once, repeatedly repeat pollination, improve ripening rate.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The distant hybridization method of a kind of havergrass and common wheat, choose common wheat as female parent, havergrass is as male parent, by female parent and the plantation of male parent interval, be specially, maternal dispersion plantation, male parent is evenly planted around female parent, be generally each maternal plantation around 4-6 male parent, a female parent and multiple male parent form the hybridization system of female many fathers.Before hybridization pollination, male parent small ear cuts off 1/4.Then a cape skin paper bag is established in each male parent and the maternal small ear outer cover corresponding with this male parent of hybridizing system, described male parent and maternal small ear corresponding are with it covered in bag, then outside cape skin paper bag, add the large parchment bag of one deck, all cape skin paper bags are all covered in same large parchment bag, in the hybridization pollination phase, the large parchment bag of every morning 6-8 point shake once, realizes spontaneous pollination.Simultaneously in pollination period, at large parchment bag internal spraying humidification, relative moisture is controlled more than 90%.
Embodiment 2
A distant hybridization method for havergrass and common wheat, male parent disperses plantation, and female parent is evenly planted and around male parent, plant 4-6 female parent around each male parent, form the hybridization system of the many mothers of a father, all the other are with embodiment 1.
Claims (10)
1. the distant hybridization method of a havergrass and common wheat, it is characterized in that, common wheat is as female parent, havergrass is as male parent, and maternal dispersion is planted, and male parent is evenly planted around female parent, multiple male parents that a female parent and described female parent are planted around form the hybridization system of female many fathers, or male parent dispersion plantation, female parent is evenly planted around male parent, and multiple female parents of planting around a male parent and described male parent form the hybridization system of the many mothers of a father.
2. the distant hybridization method of havergrass according to claim 1 and common wheat, is characterized in that, adopts the hybridization system of female many fathers, each maternal plantation around 4-6 male parent.
3. the distant hybridization method of havergrass according to claim 1 and common wheat, is characterized in that, also comprises step: before pollination hybridization, male parent small ear is cut off 1/4.
4. the distant hybridization method of havergrass according to claim 1 and 2 and common wheat, it is characterized in that, also comprise step: establish a cape skin paper bag in each male parent and the maternal small ear outer cover corresponding with this male parent of hybridizing system, described male parent and maternal small ear corresponding are with it covered in bag, then outside cape skin paper bag, add the large parchment bag of one deck, all cape skin paper bags are all covered in same large parchment bag, in the hybridization pollination phase, shake large parchment bag, realize spontaneous pollination.
5. the distant hybridization method of havergrass according to claim 4 and common wheat, is characterized in that, described shake is shake once every day.
6. the distant hybridization method of havergrass according to claim 4 and common wheat, is characterized in that, the described shake time is every morning 6-8 point.
7. the distant hybridization method of havergrass according to claim 1 and common wheat, is characterized in that, in the hybridization pollination phase, in large parchment bag, carries out spraying humidification.
8. the distant hybridization method of havergrass according to claim 1 and common wheat, is characterized in that, relative moisture that is maternal and paternal hybrid process controls to be more than 90%.
9. the distant hybridization method of havergrass according to claim 1 and common wheat, is characterized in that, described havergrass is Portugal wild oat, dliploid wild oat or light bran wild oat.
10. the distant hybridization method of havergrass according to claim 1 and common wheat, is characterized in that, described common wheat is Jin Wamai.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN106417002A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-02-22 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Distant hybridization method for prune trees |
| CN106416710A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-02-22 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Method for increasing distant hybridization setting rate of Elytrigia elongata and Triticum aestivum |
| CN106416713A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-02-22 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Wheat hybridization method for increasing setting rate |
| CN106613914A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for wheat with high quality, strong gluten and disease resistance |
| CN107047288A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-18 | 漯河市农业科学院 | A kind of common wheat and Streptomyces coeruleorcbidus hybrid selection method |
| CN116762688A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-09-19 | 滨州市农业科学院 | Regulation method for promoting hybridization flowering phase meeting of oat and wheat |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106417002A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-02-22 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Distant hybridization method for prune trees |
| CN106417002B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-08-07 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of distant hybridization method of mirabalan |
| CN106416710A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-02-22 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Method for increasing distant hybridization setting rate of Elytrigia elongata and Triticum aestivum |
| CN106416713A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-02-22 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Wheat hybridization method for increasing setting rate |
| CN106416710B (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2019-11-05 | 漯河市农业科学院 | A method of improving E. elongata and common wheat Distant crossing siliqua-bearing rate |
| CN106416713B (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2019-11-08 | 漯河市农业科学院 | A kind of wheat hybridizing method improving setting percentage |
| CN106613914A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for wheat with high quality, strong gluten and disease resistance |
| CN107047288A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-18 | 漯河市农业科学院 | A kind of common wheat and Streptomyces coeruleorcbidus hybrid selection method |
| CN116762688A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-09-19 | 滨州市农业科学院 | Regulation method for promoting hybridization flowering phase meeting of oat and wheat |
| CN116762688B (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2024-03-29 | 滨州市农业科学院 | Regulation method for promoting hybridization flowering phase meeting of oat and wheat |
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| CN104585023B (en) | 2016-07-06 |
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