CN104584854A - Method for quickly constructing combined big tree by small trees and tree building - Google Patents
Method for quickly constructing combined big tree by small trees and tree building Download PDFInfo
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- CN104584854A CN104584854A CN201510073647.1A CN201510073647A CN104584854A CN 104584854 A CN104584854 A CN 104584854A CN 201510073647 A CN201510073647 A CN 201510073647A CN 104584854 A CN104584854 A CN 104584854A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
- B44C5/06—Natural ornaments; Imitations thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for quickly constructing a combined big tree by small trees. The method comprises the following steps: inarching a small tree with other small trees in sequence to construct a combined crown, a combined trunk and/or a combined tree root; after nutrient supply needs of the combined trunk can be met by performing compensation growth on the combined big tree through inarching point healing, cutting out the crowns and the tree roots of the small trees in the combined trunk; after the combined big tree grows in a compensated manner to meet the nutrient supply needs of main branches, cutting out the crowns of the small trees in the shaded main branches; trimming the combined crown at regular intervals, and gradually cutting out the tree root of a combined crown component and the crown of a combined tree root component after the combined big tree grows in the compensated manner to meet the nutrient supply needs of the combined crown and the combined tree root. The invention further relates to a tree building obtained by the method. According to the method for quickly constructing the combined big tree by small trees, the crowns, the trunks and the roots of the trees can quickly extend, so that certain height and certain breadth can be quickly achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to method and the tree building of the large tree of a kind of little tree rapid build combination.
Background technology
Along with the development of economic society, people more and more pay attention to quality of life.Environmental greening is a very important factor of improving the quality of living.Existing greening is primarily of following two kinds of modes: (1) transplants the large tree that grown up to treating afforested areas; (2) treating that afforested areas starts seedlings, making it naturally grow up.But these two kinds of equal defectiveness of method.(1) kind method needs to transplant large tree, the limited amount of large tree, and transplanting survival rate is low, and needs transport, brings a lot of difficulty to greening; Competence exertion afforestation effect after (2) kind method sapling grows up, but grown up to the time of setting greatly and needing decades by sapling, length consuming time.
In order to solve urban afforestation problem, people begin one's study and set greatly the method for generation fast.As Chinese invention patent application CN1774982A discloses a kind of method of integrating monomer tree to great tree, first equal monomer trees at least 2 strain belonged to together is selected, respectively shaping is carried out to monomer trees, again monomer trees mobile jib is abutted against the epidermis removing at position, come out until form layer, then by the formation layer between monomer trees near docking, and be fixed, sterilize, position is abutted against again with diaphragm seal, large tree after integrating is planted again, the conventional cultivation through 3 ~ 5 years, just obtains the large tree after integrating.When monomer tree diameters is 2 ~ 10cm, be highly at least 300cm time, monomer trees are abutted against one another dependence stock.The method advantage is that feasibility is strong, is easy to operation, can make the century-old large tree that could naturally grow up on tens, can be rapid-result within the time of 3 ~ 5 years, can be widely used in afforestation and ecological environmental protection.
But above-mentioned prior art only makes trees increase fast slightly, and can not change height and the range of trees, afforestation effect is limited.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, be necessary for the problems referred to above, a kind of method providing little tree rapid build to combine large tree and tree building.
The method of the large tree of little tree rapid build combination, comprises the following steps: a strain little tree and other little trees are abutted against successively to build and combine tree crown, combine trunk and/or combine tree root; After being abutted against a healing, remove grafting membrane; The large tree of combination, after the keeping demand that compensatory growth can meet combination trunk, wipes out tree crown and the tree root of the medium and small tree of combination trunk; When combination is set after the keeping demand that compensatory growth meets major branch greatly, wipe out by the tree crown of little tree in the major branch that covers; Regular pruning combination tree crown; The large tree of combination can meet after combination tree crown and combination tree root keeping demand through compensatory growth, progressively wipes out the tree root of combination tree crown component and the tree crown of combination tree root component; Described little tree is nature little tree or component.
Preferably, the method for the large tree of described little tree rapid build combination, described little tree is component, comprises the following steps:
S1, prepare component: little tree cutting strunk, moulding after sprouting new buds, be abutted against the little tree that position reaches lignification or semi-lignified and be component;
S2, to be abutted against: the position of being abutted against of being abutted against position and other components of a component is abutted against to build and is combined tree crown, combine trunk and/or combine tree root;
S3, pruning: after being abutted against a healing, remove grafting membrane; The large tree of combination, after the keeping demand that compensatory growth can meet combination trunk, wipes out tree crown and the tree root of dry component in combination trunk; Combination is set after the keeping demand that compensatory growth meets major branch greatly, wipes out by the tree crown of the major branch component covered;
S4, sizing: regularly prune combination tree crown, the large tree of combination can meet after combination tree crown and combination tree root keeping demand through compensatory growth, progressively wipes out the tree root of combination tree crown component and the tree crown of combination tree root component.
Preferably, described step S2 also comprises and is abutted against two or more component for combined member, then is abutted against to build tree crown, trunk or tree root in the position of being abutted against of being abutted against position and other components or combined member of a combined member.
Preferably, the moulding of component comprises vertical moulding, oblique moulding, horizontal moulding, the first top moulding, the second top moulding, the 3rd top moulding, the moulding of the first branch, the moulding of the second branch, the 3rd branch's moulding and two-way moulding.
Preferred, described step S2 specifically comprises step by step following: S21, select a vertical styling member as main root anvil, and main root anvil and multiple vertical styling member are abutted against successively to build and combine trunk; Vertical styling member on S22, combination trunk and first branch's styling member are abutted against, first branch's styling member is abutted against with oblique styling member or horizontal styling member, oblique styling member or horizontal styling member are abutted against successively with other again for this oblique styling member or horizontal styling member, finally be abutted against with the second top styling member or the 3rd top styling member, build major branch and the branch of combination tree crown; S23, first branch's styling member and a vertical styling member are abutted against, and vertical styling member is abutted against this vertical styling member successively with other again, and last and the first top styling member is abutted against, and the center building combination tree crown is done; S24, main root anvil and multiple second branch's styling member are abutted against, and each second branch's styling member is abutted against with multiple horizontal styling member again, build combination tree root.
Preferred, S22 also comprises oblique styling member on the combination major branch of tree crown, branch or horizontal styling member can be abutted against with other the 3rd branch's styling member, for building major branch, the branch of combination tree crown again step by step; S23 also comprises the vertical styling member done at center and can be abutted against with other the first branch styling member more step by step, does for the center building combination tree crown.
Preferably, can be abutted against connected between the combination tree crown of more than the combination inner canopy of the large tree of a strain combination or the two strains large tree of combination by component.Preferred, the global shape of combination tree crown after being connected is latticed, arc, arch or other given shapes.
Preferably, described component is little tree after moulding or tree root, tree crown or trunk.
Preferably, each combination is set greatly and is had at least more than 1 to combine trunk.
Preferred, the combination trunk of the large tree of two or more combination and each combination set greatly in more than 2 combination trunks can be abutted against connected by component.Preferred, the global shape of combination trunk after being connected is latticed, arc, arch or other given shapes.
A kind of tree building, to be abutted against by said method by component or combined member and to build.
Compared with prior art, the method for the large tree of little tree rapid build combination of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) by being abutted against nature little tree or structure continuously, the hat of tree, dry, root can be extended fast, make trees reach certain height and range fast, shorten the time that trees self-sow reaches phase co-altitude and range, and not by the restriction of being abutted against the number of plies, range; When combining trunk containing more than 2 in the large tree of combination, combining trunk entirety can be thicker fast, and combined tree xeromenia overcompensation growth also can increase thick fast;
(2) the multiple seeds such as woody, liana are gone for; Component can be prepared by mould, the component of various moulding can scale, standardized production, a large amount of combinations can be produced and set greatly, be applicable to industrial applications;
(3) of many uses, the moulding of the large tree of combination can need design according to greening, can be applied to urban afforestation, be particularly suited for the greening of balcony, highway, square greening, tourist attraction; The large tree of combination can have more than 2 to combine trunk, the combination trunk of the large tree of two or more combination and each combination set greatly in more than 2 combination trunks can be abutted against connected by component, may be used for water and soil conservation, prevent erosion; The large tree of combination as carving material, can be made into tree building or tree view.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the moulding schematic diagram of each component in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the moulding schematic diagram of combined member in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view combining vine tree crown in the present embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the large tree of combination in the present embodiment 3.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the large tree of rooftop greening combination in the present embodiment 4.
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of bracing frame in the greening of square shed frame type in the present embodiment 6.
Embodiment
In order to better the present invention is described, be described further below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Tree can be divided into tree root, trunk and tree crown.Trunk is the trunk of tree, is divided into five layers.Ground floor is bark, and bark is the top layer of trunk, can protect trunk, and prevents disease from invading.The second layer is phloem, is positioned at below bark, and the fibrous tissue of phloem transports trunk and tree root sugar from leaf.Third layer forms layer, and this one deck is very thin, is the growth part of trunk, and every other cell is all layer since then.4th layer is sapwood, and this one deck is transported to trunk everywhere moisture from root, and comparatively heartwood is light usually for this layer.Layer 5 is heartwood, the sapwood being always, and the trunk overwhelming majority is all heartwood.Heartwood and sapwood are collectively referred to as xylem
Tree crown is the above part together with the raw branches and leaves of collection of tree, because its shape is as hat, therefore claims tree crown.Tree crown is primarily of skeleton branch and auxiliary support branch composition.The permanent bough of hat skeleton is skeleton branch, comprises that center is done, major branch and side shoot three part.Center is dry is upwards uprightly extended by trunk, is positioned at the permanent bough of tree crown center.Major branch is the permanent bough that direct Zhe Sheng center is done.Side shoot is raw permanent bough on major branch.The stem of liane is elongated, and plant corpus is elongated, can not be upright, and (be upwards wound around growing plants, its center is dry can not vertical growth, at this, hat of liane is divided into major branch and side shoot can only to depend on other plant or holder.
Auxiliary support branch fruit tree grows the provisional branch on the main skeleton branch of tree crown.Auxiliary support branch has the effect of auxiliary foster tree body, balanced tree vigo(u)r, promotion result.Leading, side shoot due to illness worm cause harm or accidental injury and can not recover time, the good auxiliary support branch of adnation position can be utilized to be cultivated by master, side shoot requirement, to replace former master, side shoot.
On skeleton branch and auxiliary support branch raw many branches, vegetative shoot and fruit bearing shoot can be divided into by its character.Vegetative shoot leave bud, pumping young sprout, constantly expands tree crown and forms fruit bearing shoot or fruit-bearing shoot cluster.Trunk, skeleton branch, auxiliary support branch, vegetative shoot, fruit bearing shoot, the common tree management forming tree.
Root refers generally to the position of plant in underground.Its major function is fixing plant corpus, absorbs moisture and mineral matter soluble in water, by water with mineral matter transporting to stem, and store nutrient.The subsurface structure of many plants is essentially the stem (as bulb, stem tuber) of specialization, and root and branch do not exist together and be mainly to lack leaf scar and bud, have root cap, and branch is produced by interior tissue but not by Buds formation.
Little tree in the method for the large tree of little tree rapid build combination of the present invention can be nature little tree, also can be the component of nature little tree after artificial model.Nature little tree refers to self-sow, not through the little tree of artificial model.After component is through cutting strunk, shaping, moulding, be abutted against little tree or independent tree root, tree crown or the trunk of position lignification or semi-lignified.Component is the base unit for building the large tree of combination, and each component can comprise root, dry and hat.In addition, the cutting strunk of component can also contain vegetative shoot, a preferred 1-3 vegetative shoot, for providing nutrition for component.
Being abutted against position is position for being abutted against with other components in component.At least position is abutted against containing 1 in each component.The position of being abutted against be positioned in component near tree crown is called that the tip is abutted against position, and the position of being abutted against be positioned in component near tree root is called root grafting by approach position.Only position or root grafting by approach position can be abutted against containing the tip in each component, also position and root grafting by approach position can be abutted against containing the tip simultaneously.When component contain the tip be abutted against position time, this component can be abutted against position containing more than 2 tips.When component contains root grafting by approach position, this component can contain more than 2 root grafting by approach positions.Can also containing one with upper abutment position in component.Each position of being abutted against can be abutted against with the position of being abutted against of more than 1.Be abutted against and a little refer to two places of being abutted against position and being abutted against.The section of being abutted against is not by the part of component of wiping out after being abutted against, and can be the tree root of component, trunk or tree crown.
Component can have multiple moulding, includes but not limited to following moulding.Fig. 1 is component 1-component 10 schematic diagram.The connected mode of each moulding and application comprise and being also not limited to under type and scope, as long as each component can meet the place of modeling requirement, all can apply.
Vertical styling member (component 1): after cutting strunk, after the shoot of sprouting grows a bit of length obliquely, then after growing certain length straight up, then grows obliquely.Vertical styling member contains 1 tip and is abutted against position and 1 root grafting by approach position, and the section of being abutted against is vertical, is mainly used in combining trunk and combining being abutted against of tree crown center stem portion.
Oblique styling member (component 2): after cutting strunk, after the shoot of sprouting grows certain length obliquely, then grows straight up.Oblique styling member contains 1 tip and is abutted against position and 1 root grafting by approach position, and the section of being abutted against obliquely, is mainly used in being abutted against of major branch and side shoot.
Horizontal styling member (component 3): after cutting strunk, after the shoot horizontal growth certain length of sprouting, then grows straight up.Horizontal styling member contains 1 tip and is abutted against position and 1 root grafting by approach position, the section of being abutted against level, is mainly used in the limb of level and being abutted against of combination tree root.
First top styling member (component 4): after cutting strunk, after the shoot of sprouting grows a bit of length obliquely, vertically grows.First top styling member contains 1 root grafting by approach position, and the section of being abutted against is vertical, is mainly used in combining being abutted against of tree crown limb end.
Second top styling member (component 5): after cutting strunk, the shoot of sprouting grows obliquely.Second top styling member contains 1 root grafting by approach position, and the section of being abutted against obliquely, is mainly used in combining being abutted against of tree crown limb end.
3rd top styling member (component 6): after cutting strunk, the shoot horizontal growth of sprouting.3rd top styling member contains 1 root grafting by approach position, the section of being abutted against level, is mainly used in combining being abutted against of tree crown limb end.
First branch's styling member (component 7): after cutting strunk, after the shoot of sprouting grows a bit of length obliquely, vertically grows certain length, then after growing certain length obliquely, then grow straight up.First branch's styling member contains 1 tip and is abutted against position, is abutted against position and 1 root grafting by approach position in 1, is abutted against the vertical top of pars infrasegmentalis obliquely, is mainly used in combining being abutted against of tree crown limb.
Second branch's styling member (component 8): after cutting strunk, after the shoot horizontal growth certain length of sprouting, grows a bit of length straight up, then grows obliquely.Second branch's styling member contains 1 tip and is abutted against position and 1 root grafting by approach position, and it is vertical that the tip is abutted against position, the section of being abutted against level, is mainly used in combining being abutted against of tree root branch.
3rd branch's styling member (component 9): after cutting strunk, after the shoot of sprouting grows a bit of length obliquely, horizontal growth certain length, then grow certain length forward or backward.3rd branch's styling member is mainly used in combining being abutted against of tree crown limb.
Two-way styling member: above-mentioned component 1-9 cutting strunk can make two-way styling member as symmetry axis.Only for horizontal styling member, the making of two-way styling member (component 10) and concrete moulding are described: after cutting strunk, two shoots relatively sprouted after horizontal growth goes out to be abutted against segment length respectively, then grow straight up.Two horizontal styling member contains 2 tips and is abutted against position, does not have root grafting by approach position, may be used for combining tree crown, combining being abutted against of tree root.Two-way styling member is because two shoots grow simultaneously, and the section of being abutted against reaches equal length, and two-way styling member half fewer than the time needed for component 1-9, more saves time.
The mode of being abutted against of each styling member is varied, is only described for several being abutted against of conventional moulding below.
Vertical styling member can be abutted against with vertical styling member, and specifically the mode of being abutted against is: the root grafting by approach position that the tip of a vertical styling member is abutted against position and another vertical styling member is abutted against.By same mode, the center multiple vertical styling member can be abutted against successively for combined member, combination trunk and combination tree crown is done.
Vertical styling member can be abutted against with first branch's styling member, and specifically the mode of being abutted against is: the root grafting by approach position that the tip of a vertical styling member is abutted against position and first branch's styling member is abutted against.Thus, major branch and the branch of combination tree crown can be built.Same, the tip of horizontal styling member, oblique styling member is abutted against position and also can be abutted against with the root grafting by approach position of first branch's styling member.
Vertical styling member can be abutted against with the first top styling member: specifically the mode of being abutted against is: the root grafting by approach position that vertically tip of styling member is abutted against position and the first top styling member is abutted against.The center that can build combined member and combination tree crown by such mode is done, the end of major branch and branch.
Vertical styling member can be abutted against with second branch's styling member, and specifically the mode of being abutted against is: the vertical root grafting by approach position of styling member and the tip of second branch's styling member are abutted against position and are abutted against.The branch of combined member and combination tree root can be built by such mode.
Oblique styling member can be abutted against with oblique styling member, and specifically the mode of being abutted against is: the root grafting by approach position that the tip of an oblique styling member is abutted against position and another oblique styling member is abutted against.By same mode, multiple oblique styling member can be abutted against successively for combined member and the major branch and the branch that combine tree crown.
Oblique styling member can be abutted against with the second top styling member: specifically the mode of being abutted against is: the root grafting by approach position that the tip of oblique styling member is abutted against position and the second top styling member is abutted against.Combined member can be built by such mode and combine the major branch of tree crown and the end of branch.
Horizontal styling member can be abutted against with horizontal styling member, and specifically the mode of being abutted against is: the root grafting by approach position that the tip of a horizontal styling member is abutted against position and another horizontal styling member is abutted against.By same mode, multiple horizontal styling member can be abutted against successively for combined member and the major branch and the branch that combine tree crown.
Horizontal styling member can be abutted against with the 3rd top styling member: specifically the mode of being abutted against is: the root grafting by approach position that the tip of horizontal styling member is abutted against position and the 3rd top styling member is abutted against.Combined member can be built by such mode and combine the major branch of tree crown and the end of branch.
First branch's styling member can be abutted against with vertical styling member, and specifically the mode of being abutted against is: the root grafting by approach position of being abutted against position and a vertical styling member in first branch's styling member is abutted against.Thus, the center can continuing to build combination tree crown on major branch or branching-point is done.Same, be abutted against position in first branch's styling member and also can be abutted against with the root grafting by approach position of horizontal styling member, oblique styling member.
Second branch's styling member can be abutted against with horizontal styling member, and specifically the mode of being abutted against is: the root grafting by approach position of second branch's styling member and the tip of horizontal styling member are abutted against position and are abutted against.The branch of combined member and combination tree root can be built by such mode.
Two-way styling member can be abutted against with component 1-9 and other two-way styling member.Only be abutted against for two horizontal styling member and two horizontal styling member below and illustrate that it is abutted against mode, be specially: a two tip abutment of horizontal styling member and a tip abutment of another pair of horizontal styling member are abutted against, by such mode, combined member can be built, combine the branch of tree root and combination tree crown.
Combined member be 2 be abutted against with upper member after structure.Conveniently carry, be abutted against, combined member can wipe out the tree root of partial component, trunk or tree crown.Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagram of 3 combined members.Wherein, combined member 1 is the schematic diagram of the structure of being abutted against with structure 4 after 3 components 1 are abutted against successively; Combined member 2 is the schematic diagram of the structure of being abutted against with structure 5 after 3 components 2 are abutted against successively; Combined member 3 is the schematic diagram of the structure of being abutted against with structure 6 after 3 components 3 are abutted against successively.The large tree of combination is the large tree that component or combined member are abutted against rear formation.Root component is the component be abutted against for combining large tree root system.Dry component is the component be abutted against for combining large tree trunk.Hat component is the component be abutted against for combining large tree tree crown.Corresponding combined member also can be divided into root combined member, dry combined member and hat combined member.Tree building is the building built by trees.
Cutting strunk, moulding in the present invention, the concrete grammar such as to be abutted against, be ordinary skill in the art means, be well known to those skilled in the art, this is no longer going to repeat them.Combine the structure of large tree in order to the best component of moulding can be selected to carry out, generally when moulding, the number of component is greater than the number of actual needs.When building combination and setting greatly, fertilising, Pest management, medication management etc. process according to a conventional method.The Component combining large tree due to the present invention goes for multiple seeds, and therefore, the concrete time of every single stepping can change because the difference of scale is set greatly in seeds, region, weather, combination.
Embodiment 1
On April 8th, 2014, select 3 years raw grape nursery stocks, transplant to nutrition basin after root 15cm cutting strunk, shoot is moulding preferentially, and root stays 2 vegetative shoot, vegetative shoot 20cm place topping.Wherein comprise the following moulding of following quantity: 160 strain component 3,4 strain component 1,2 strain component 6,2 strain components 8, the long 100cm of member body (section of being abutted against).
June 15, preferentially choose component and be abutted against, comprising 118 strain component 3,2 strain component 1,1 strain component 6 and 1 strain components 8.1 strain component 1 is directly transplanted to soil on the spot as main root anvil; The root grafting by approach position that the main root anvil tip is abutted against position and another 1 strain component 1 is vertically abutted against, and the another 1 strain component 1 be abutted against with main root anvil is called upper strata component 1, and main root anvil and upper strata component 1 constitute the present embodiment trunk viny.The tip of the root grafting by approach position abutment 8 of main root anvil is abutted against position, the root grafting by approach position of this component 8 and the tip of lower floor first strain component 3 are abutted against position and are abutted against, lower floor first strain component 3 is abutted against with other 58 strain lower floor components 3 more successively successively, component 8 and this 59 strain lower floor component 3 are all transplanted to soil on the spot, the tree root that composition combination is set greatly.The root grafting by approach position that the tip of upper strata component 1 is abutted against position and upper strata first strain component 3 is abutted against, and upper strata first strain component 3 is abutted against with other 58 strain upper strata components 3 more successively, and the 59th strain upper strata component 3 and 1 strain component 6 is abutted against, and forms combination tree crown.Wherein, lower floor and upper strata component 3 can be abutted against respectively in the horizontal direction for various shapes such as linear, circle, polygons.Conveniently being abutted against of upper strata component, build bracing frame as required, upper strata component and nutrition basin are fixed on support.
July 15 removed grafting membrane.September 1, wipe out the tree root of 20 components from end in combination tree crown, other component tree root band girdle of upper strata; In combination tree crown, each component most vigorous branches of only selecting and remain is climing, wipes out all the other branches and tendrils, the climing trunk with this component of this most vigorous branches at an angle of 90 level to fixing; Wipe out the tree crown of combination tree root 20 components from end; Each component of combination tree root and combination trunk is selected and remain 2 branches and tendrils, 40cm place topping.October 1, wipe out the tree root of 20 components in the middle part of combination tree crown respectively and combine 20 component tree crowns in the middle part of tree root, removing sunshade net.November 10, wipe out the tree root of residue combination tree crown each component and the tree crown of each component of combination tree root, and the tree crown of upper strata component 1 and tree root, the tree crown of lower floor's component 1.
So far, a strain 122 layers is abutted against, trunk height 2m, and the huge vine of main climing 60m, main root 60m has been built, and diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 4.2cm, increases thick 3.3cm.
Embodiment 2
Select 3 years raw grape nursery stocks with the moulding of example 1 mode component, 3850 strain component 3,20 strain component 1,30 strain component 7,50 strain component 6,60 strain components 8.First bracing frame is built by tree crown and tree root design, in order to the large tree of support combinations and nutrition basin before being abutted against.Bracing frame is first built from trunk portion (Fig. 3 center of circle O and trunk position), high 5m.Ground is by digging dark 40cm shown in branch, and the long ditch of wide 40cm, surface dust puts both sides, has been abutted against rear backfill.4 strain component 1,6 strain component 7,24 strain component 8, the 2856 strain components 3 selecting growing way best.After two first quarter moons, the long 100cm of member body (section of being abutted against), meets after being abutted against demand and starts to be abutted against operation.
4 strain component 1 sequence from low to uper parts are abutted against, from upper, 4 strain components 1 are called that the nutrition basin of the 1st layer of component 1, the 2nd layer of component 1, the 3rd layer of component 1 and the 4th layer of component the 1,4th layer of component 1 is placed in the long ditch dug by lower successively; Then order is abutted against 2 strain components 7, and the root grafting by approach position that the tip by the 4th layer of component 1 is abutted against position and the first strain component 7 is abutted against, then is abutted against at the root grafting by approach position of being abutted against position and the second strain component 7 in the first strain component 7; From 2 strain component 7 upper ends, order is abutted against 2 strain components 7 respectively again, and the root grafting by approach position that the tip by the first strain component 7 is abutted against position and the 3rd strain component 7 is abutted against, then is abutted against at the root grafting by approach position of being abutted against position and the 4th strain component 7 in the 3rd strain component 7; The root grafting by approach position that the tip of the second strain component 7 is abutted against position and the 5th strain component 7 is abutted against, then is abutted against at the root grafting by approach position of being abutted against position and the 6th strain component 7 in the 5th strain component 7.Therefore, the first strain component 7 defines 2 major branches.In like manner, the second strain component 7 also form 2 major branches.Major branch upper member 7 is divided into branch after being abutted against by the mode shown described in Fig. 3 and component 3.
In the present embodiment, vine has 24 branches.Each branch abutment 3 to branch length reaches 60m (center of circle O is 60m to the distance OX of branch ends).So far, 4 major branches combining trunk combined tree hat have been built.Hat component is strapped on bracing frame, and it is high that bracing frame is progressively reduced to 2.5m to radius 15m place.The shape combining tree root in the present embodiment is identical with combination tree crown, and mode of building is also similar, and difference is only to build side root with component 8.Combine tree root in the present embodiment and contain 24 side roots, every bar side root is abutted against successively by multiple component 3 and is 60m.Component 3 can also be replaced to build combination tree crown and combination tree root with component 9 in the present embodiment.
Be abutted against a healing after 1 month, remove grafting membrane; Again after 1 first quarter moon, wipe out the tree root of the hat component between radius 50-60m and the tree crown of root component, radius 40-50m is preced with the tree root band girdle of component.After another first quarter moon, wipe out the tree root of the hat component between radius 40-50m and the tree crown of root component, radius 30-40m is preced with the tree root band girdle of component, wipes out tree root and the tree crown of the hat component of dry component and combination tree crown major branches, carries out the work of surviving the winter.In spring next year, progressively wipe out the hat tree root of component and the tree crown of root component depending on the time of trunk grow situation 1-2 month, so far, huge only dry view vine has been built, and area coverage 11300 square metres, is abutted against the number of plies and can reaches 123 layers.Wholely be abutted against and all need in follow-up pruning process to carry out daily management in the usual way.
Embodiment 3
The method of the large tree of little tree rapid build combination, by the present embodiment method can fast, the structure combination of scale sets greatly, for multiple aspects such as water and soil conservation, urban afforestation, afforestation.Specifically comprise the following steps:
Little tree cutting strunk, moulding after sprouting new buds, the little tree of being abutted against position lignification or semi-lignified is component, and the length of member body (section of being abutted against) is 100cm.
The position of being abutted against of being abutted against position and other components of a component is abutted against to build and is combined tree crown, combine trunk and/or combine tree root.Specifically comprise step by step following: (1) selects a strain component 1 as main root anvil, main root anvil and 2 strain components 1 are abutted against successively to build and combine trunk; (2) the upper 3rd strain component 1 and the first strain component 7 that combine trunk are abutted against, the tip of this first strain component 7 be abutted against position again with being abutted against of 1 component 3 after, be abutted against with 1 strain component 6, build the major branch combining tree crown; Be abutted against position in (3) first strain components 7 and the second strain component 7 is abutted against, be abutted against position and be abutted against successively with 1 strain component 1 in this second strain component 7, to be finally abutted against with 1 strain component 4, the center building combination tree crown is done; The tip of the second strain component 7 is abutted against after position and 1 strain component 2 be abutted against, then is abutted against with 1 strain component 5, forms another major branches of combination tree crown; (4) main root anvil and 2 strain components 8 are abutted against, and every strain component 8 is abutted against with 1 strain component 3 again, build combination tree root.In the present embodiment, the structure of the large tree of combination as shown in Figure 4.
Preferred, (2) also comprise component 2 on the combination major branch of tree crown, branch or component 3 can be abutted against with other components 9, for building major branch, the branch of combination tree crown again step by step; (3) also comprise the component 1 done at center and can be abutted against with other components 7 more step by step, do for the center building combination tree crown.
After being abutted against a healing, remove grafting membrane; After 2-4 week, the large tree of combination, after the keeping demand that compensatory growth can meet combination trunk, wipes out tree crown and the tree root of dry component in combination trunk; When combination is set after the keeping demand that compensatory growth meets major branch greatly, wipe out by the tree crown of the major branch component covered.Regular pruning combination tree crown.After 1-3, the large tree of combination can meet after combination tree crown and combination tree root keeping demand through compensatory growth, progressively wipes out the hat tree root of component and the tree crown of root component; The large tree of combination grows to after acrial part meets self-sow mechanical requirements, removes bracing frame.
Embodiment 4
To high 20m in the present embodiment, the building of long 12m, wide 12m carries out rooftop greening.Adopt the large tree of 4 strain combination, then be abutted against at the combination tree crown of balcony to the large tree of 4 strain combination.In the present embodiment, the structure of the large tree of combination as shown in Figure 5.
Select 1 year growing anthocephalus sapling cutting strunk, moulding, the method for cutting strunk moulding is identical with embodiment 1.Wherein comprise the following moulding of following quantity: 100 component 3,140 strain component 1,12 strain component 8,100 strain component 2,10 strain components 10, member body length 100cm.Conveniently be abutted against and fix, building bracing frame as required.Whole combination set greatly in building process should be noted that shade sun-proof.
Preferentially choose component to be abutted against.At building four corners place, the position that distance building is about 1m builds the large tree of combination.The Component of the large tree of combination is only described for the large tree of a strain combination below.As shown in Figure 4, in Fig. 4, dotted line represents roof position.The component 1 of transplanting in is on the spot main root anvil, and be abutted against position at the tip of main root anvil and be abutted against the combination trunk Y that 23 strain components 1 form the large tree of combination successively, combination trunk Y exceeds roof and is about 3-5m; Be abutted against 2 strain components 8 at the root grafting by approach position of main root anvil along building wall is orthogonal, every strain component 8 be abutted against successively the combination tree root Z that 10 strain components 3 form the large tree of combination; The component 1 of the combination trunk the superiors is top layer component, and it is the first branch M that the root grafting by approach position of top layer component is abutted against with 11 components 3 successively, and the first branch M is arc, and arc length is about 11m; Combination trunk Y from up to down several 3rd component 1 is middle level component, and it is the second branch N that the tip of middle level component is abutted against that position is also abutted against with 8 components 3 successively.Same combination is set greatly the first inner branch M and the second branch N and is intersected by 2 components 10 at middle part and be abutted against.The component 3 of the first branch M end that the relative combination of four strains is set greatly abuts against together, forms the first crosspoint; The component 3 of the second branch N end also abuts against together, forms the second crosspoint.Be abutted against by component 1 between first crosspoint with the second crosspoint and be connected.Be abutted against connected by component 3 in the middle part of the second branch N of the large tree of four strain combinations.Therefore, an overall combination tree crown L is obtained after having built.
Remove grafting membrane after being abutted against a healing, after combination trunk increases thick 1cm, wipe out tree crown and the tree root of the dry component on combination trunk.Wipe out subsequently by the tree crown of major branch component that covers and tree root, again after 1 month, prune tree root and/or the tree crown of residue component off; Regular pruning combination tree crown.Trunk to be combined, after the keeping demand that compensatory growth can meet the large tree of combination, progressively wipes out the hat tree root of component and the tree crown of root component; The large tree of combination grows to after acrial part meets self-sow mechanical requirements, removes bracing frame.The combination that the present embodiment is applicable to rooftop greening sets structure greatly, reaches afforestation effect fast, beautifies the environment.
Embodiment 5
On April 5th, 2014, carry out the large tree of little tree rapid build of the present invention combination with the natural sapling of self-sow.Select the fragrant camphor tree seedling of 10 strain diameter 1-1.5cm, height of tree 130-160cm, select 3 the thinnest strains to retain the top tip, all the other saplings in 120cm place topping, and are numbered to carefully pressing 1-10 by thick, stay tip sapling to be 8,9, No. 10.1-10 sapling is wiped out after spreading angle is greater than the branch of 60 degree and distinguish corresponding transplanting to 1-10 nutrition basin.Put order by sapling in advance and build bracing frame, bracing frame meets puts nutrition basin and fixing tree body demand.May 5 carried out, vertical to being abutted against from the bottom to top.Transplant No. 1 sapling on the spot, the duck eye of diameter 10cm is opened at No. 2 nutrition basin bottom parts, the branches and leaves drawing No. 1 sapling in pass in the duck eye of No. 2 nutrition basins, the tip of No. 1 sapling is abutted against the root grafting by approach position of being abutted against No. 2 saplings in position, be abutted against a little wide 0.5cm of long 5cm, upper and lower two are abutted against a little at a distance of 100cm, and the trunk of 1, No. 2 sapling fixed by bondage bracing frame, repair complete by nutrition basin, supplement the nutrients soil.2-8 sapling is also abutted against successively with said method.Be abutted against position in the root grafting by approach position of No. 9 saplings and No. 6 saplings to be abutted against, as a trunk of combination tree crown, with combination trunk angle at 45 ° when No. 9 saplings are abutted against with No. 6 saplings again.Same, the root grafting by approach position of No. 10 saplings with No. 7 in be abutted against position and be abutted against, as another trunk of combination tree crown, when No. 10 saplings are that No. 7 saplings are abutted against with combine trunk angle at 45 °.
Remove after one month and be abutted against a grafting membrane.September 5, wipe out the branch of No. 1 sapling and be abutted against the tree crown of a top, wipe out the tree root of the branch of 2-7 sapling, tree crown and tree root and 8,9, No. 10 saplings simultaneously, the combined tree that 8 layers of vertical direction is abutted against has been built.November 5, tree vigo(u)r is good, and combination height of tree 880cm, increases 50cm, increase thick 2cm.
The present embodiment is applicable to the rapid build slower timber of growth or seeds are used in greening, can reduce the number of plies or reduce height and increase major branch and increase major branch and be abutted against the number of plies, also can increase major branch the first transaction of a day's business angle, to adapt to the requirement of greening for green tree species.
Embodiment 6
The greening of arched roof posture is carried out to little square, long 27 meters of arch frame, wide 12 meters, high 6 meters.As Fig. 6 shows some A1, A2, A3......A10, B1, B2, B3......B10 build vertical bracing frame, along arc A1B1, arc A10B10, along arc A2C, A3D, A4E, A5B1......A10B6, FB7, GB8, HB9, arch support frame is built along arc B2E, B3D, B4C, B5A1......B10A6, HA7, GA8, FA9, each bracing frame all meets construction and wind resistance, shockproof requirements, without intermediate supports.Dotted line between A1-A10 and B1-B10 indicates without bracing frame and combined member.
Select the strain of red skin banyan 2 years raw nursery stocks 920 to enter nursery styling member, build sunshade net frame in nursery and shelter from heat or light.To transplant in nutrition basin after red skin banyan spacing tree root 15cm cutting strunk, the shoot preferentially moulding of sprouting, root retains two vegetative shoot (20cm topping), and all the other sprigs are erased, and the side shoot that moulding branch bears is erased.After 2 months, component is satisfied is abutted against requirement, in nursery, build combined member.Each moulding and quantity as follows: 170 strain component 1,50 strain component 4,600 strain component 3,100 strain components 6, the long 130cm of component 1,4 main body (section of being abutted against), the long 120cm of component 3,6 main body (section of being abutted against).
Build combined member.First, build 30 strain combined members 1, every strain combined member 1 be 5 layers vertically to being abutted against, namely 4 strain components 1 are abutted against successively, top layer abutment 4.Secondly, build 60 strain combined members 2, every strain combined member 2 be 8 layers of level to being abutted against, namely 7 strain components 3 are abutted against successively, end abutment 6.Remove grafting membrane after 1 month, combined member 1 is all the other root band girdles except bottom root, and combined member 2 is all the other root band girdles except initiating terminal tree root.Again after 1 month, combined member 1 wipes out tree root that band girdle crosses and the component tree crown except top, and combined member 2 wipes out the tree root that band girdle is crossed.
Combined member 1 and combined member 2 are transported to job site and build arch frame.First, build vertical member, concrete grammar is: transplant 20 strain combined members 1 in some A1, A2, A3......A10, B1, B2, B3......B10, and be fixed on bracing frame; Combined member 1 on each point is a vertical member, and by lowercase and the numeral of its position, the vertical member as A1 place is vertical member a1.Then, by long arc, build arch, described long arc comprises A5B1, A6B2, A7B3, A8B4, A9B5, A10B6/A1B5, A2B6, A3B7, A4B8, A5B9 and A6B10, totally 12 long arc arches.The length of 2 combined members 2 is slightly larger than the length of long arc.The building method of long arc arch is specially: the end of 2 combined members 2 is inside, and initiating terminal outwards and be abutted against the combined member 1 of both sides, be abutted against by the root grafting by approach position that the tip of combined member 1 terminal link 4 is abutted against position and combined member 2 initiating terminal component 3.Intersection point in each long arc arch between combined member 2, ecto-entad is abutted against, and is finally abutted against intermediate interdigitated point.When being abutted against intermediate interdigitated point, after first cutting the abutment surfaces of intermediate interdigitated point, be abutted against two combined members 2 relative on same long arc, be abutted against intermediate interdigitated point again, be wound around grafting membrane sealing intermediate interdigitated point fool, a little relative with on same long arc being abutted against of two combined members 2 of being abutted against of intermediate interdigitated point is a little staggered.As being abutted against of A5B1 and other long arcs, long arc A5B1 is made up of 2 combined members 2, is called A and holds combined member 2 and B to hold combined member 2, A to hold combined member 2 to be abutted against with long arc A4B8, A3B7, A2B6 successively.
Above-mentioned 12 long arcs build limit arc A1B1 and A10B10 after having built again, after be abutted against short arc A4E, A3D, A2C, B2E, B3D, B4C, A7H, A8G, A9F, B7F, B8G and B9H, wherein the length of short arc A4E, B4C, B7F and A7H is greater than the length of a combined member 2, but be less than the length of two combined members 2, the length of other short arcs is less than or equal to the length of a combined member 2.The concrete grammar that short arc is abutted against is: be abutted against with corresponding vertical member one end of the combined member 2 of short arc, then be abutted against the crosspoint between this short arc and other arcs, and the other end of combined member 2 abuts against relevant position on limit arc A1B1 or limit arc A10B10.When being abutted against the combined member 2 of short arc A4E, B4C, B7F and A7H, be abutted against with the combined member 2 on limit arc A1B1 or limit arc A10B10 and strain combined member 2 initiating terminal and inwardly cause combined member 2 end of being abutted against, be abutted against new crosspoint, then be abutted against 2 combined members 2 on this arc.15cm is stayed to block the part that combined member 2 grows.
Above combined tree body, take sunshade net shade.Remove grafting membrane depending on healing and growing way in good time and wipe out the tree root of combined member 2, and pruning the component tree crown on a combined member 2 off every one.Remove sunshade net after surviving the winter, all branches above heavy cutting back combined tree body after stopping growing to autumn end, reserve part is not more than 40cm, removes bracing frame.Spring next year sprouts new buds determines branch pruning in good time, meets load-bearing and wind resistance demand completely through a Growing season combined tree body.
Method described in the present embodiment can carry out highway and Grand Place greening, when span is much larger than the span of the present embodiment, needs the service time extending bracing frame.Build combined member not only convenient operation, also reduce bracing frame load, avoid the risk of falling from high altitude weight, safer.Combined member 1 also can be replaced large sapling (more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 6cm) of growing directly from seeds of the same race, can shorten combined tree molding time with large sapling.Large sapling need be heeled in advance, can be abutted against benefit root when root system is bad, and insufficient height can be abutted against and increases.
Embodiment 7
The tree building of a space network, long 16m, wide 11m, high 8m, network structure is individual layer Irregular Boundary Surface or other shapes.Component uses than comparatively dense, if the line segment between every two adjoining nodes will certainly cause the situation of placing space deficiency as a component.The three dimensional design figure of design tree building, then press design drawing data creating 3 parts of 1:1 mesh templates, first part of template is cut off as styling member mould completely; Second part of template is cut into combined member, after component moulding completes, build combined member accordingly.Combined member grows and is trimmed to and meets design drawing and build requirement in nursery.Each combined member can be combined as parts further.Combined member is transported to job site, with uncut 3rd part of template for foundation, combined member is built into tree building.Setting architectural can being abutted against embeds nature little tree.
The method of same employing the present embodiment also can build the cancellated tree building of multilayer.Combined tree body length, width and height and the wire side number of plies do not do concrete restriction, are only limited to weight capacity, wind loading rating and select the growth indexes of seeds.When combined tree body nutrition organs is inadequate, can be abutted against benefit root to the periphery along ground, top layer can connect mends long shoot, and long shoot is drawn oliquely downward distance 3-5m place, ground and builds bracing frame, long shoot does not associate with ground, cutting back long shoot or amputate completely after combined tree bulk-growth amount can meet self-demand.
Tree building described in the present embodiment can be applicable to landscape construction and reality is lived, and increases inner space availability, reserved door and window when being made into tree room, can combined tree body be built outside house, in 3 years, combined tree body removes bracing frame independent growths, just can build, meet living require-ments in 5 years.
The above embodiment only have expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. the method for the large tree of little tree rapid build combination, is characterized in that: a strain little tree and other little trees are abutted against successively to build and combine tree crown, combine trunk and/or combine tree root; After being abutted against a healing, remove grafting membrane; The large tree of combination, after the keeping demand that compensatory growth can meet combination trunk, wipes out hat and the root of the medium and small tree of combination trunk; When combination is set after the keeping demand that compensatory growth meets major branch greatly, wipe out by the hat of little tree in the major branch that covers; Regular pruning combination tree crown, the large tree of combination can meet after combination tree crown and combination tree root keeping demand through compensatory growth, progressively wipes out the tree root of combination tree crown component and the tree crown of combination tree root component; Little tree is nature little tree or component.
2. the method for the large tree of little tree rapid build according to claim 1 combination, is characterized in that: component is little tree after moulding or tree root, tree crown or trunk.
3. the method for the large tree of little tree rapid build combination according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described little tree is component, comprises the following steps:
S1, prepare component: little tree cutting strunk, moulding after sprouting new buds, be abutted against the little tree that position reaches lignification or semi-lignified and be component;
S2, to be abutted against: the position of being abutted against of being abutted against position and other components of a component is abutted against to build and is combined tree crown, combine trunk and/or combine tree root;
S3, pruning: after being abutted against a healing, remove grafting membrane; The large tree of combination, after the keeping demand that compensatory growth can meet combination trunk, wipes out tree crown and the tree root of dry component in combination trunk; When combination is set after the keeping demand that compensatory growth meets major branch greatly, wipe out by the tree crown of the major branch component covered;
S4, sizing: regularly prune combination tree crown, the large tree of combination can meet after combination tree crown and combination tree root keeping demand through compensatory growth, progressively wipes out the tree root of combination tree crown component and the tree crown of combination tree root component.
4. the method for the large tree of little tree rapid build combination according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described step S2 also comprises and is abutted against two or more component for combined member, then the position of being abutted against of being abutted against position and other components or combined member of a combined member is abutted against to build and is combined tree crown, combine trunk or combine tree root.
5. the method for the large tree of little tree rapid build combination according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the moulding of component comprises vertical moulding, oblique moulding, horizontal moulding, the first top moulding, the second top moulding, the 3rd top moulding, the moulding of the first branch, the moulding of the second branch, the 3rd branch's moulding and two-way moulding.
6. the method for the large tree of little tree rapid build combination according to claim 5, is characterized in that: step S2 specifically comprises step by step following:
S21, select a vertical styling member as main root anvil, main root anvil and multiple vertical styling member are abutted against successively to build and combine trunk; Vertical styling member on S22, combination trunk and first branch's styling member are abutted against, first branch's styling member is abutted against with oblique styling member or horizontal styling member, oblique styling member or horizontal styling member are abutted against successively with other again for this oblique styling member or horizontal styling member, finally be abutted against with the second top styling member or the 3rd top styling member, build major branch and the branch of combination tree crown; S23, first branch's styling member and a vertical styling member are abutted against, and vertical styling member is abutted against this vertical styling member successively with other again, and last and the first top styling member is abutted against, and the center building combination tree crown is done; S24, main root anvil and multiple second branch's styling member are abutted against, and each second branch's styling member is abutted against with multiple horizontal styling member again, build combination tree root.
7. the method for the large tree of little tree rapid build combination according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: S22 also comprises oblique styling member on the combination major branch of tree crown, branch or horizontal styling member is abutted against with other the 3rd branch's styling member, for building major branch, the branch of combination tree crown again step by step; S23 also comprises the stay done at center and is abutted against with other the first branch styling member more step by step, does for the center building combination tree crown.
8. the method for the large tree of little tree rapid build according to claim 1 combination, is characterized in that: be abutted against connected between the combination tree crown of more than the combination inner canopy of the large tree of a strain combination or the two strains large tree of combination by component.
9. the method for the large tree of little tree rapid build combination according to claim 1, is characterized in that: each combination is set greatly has at least 1 to combine trunk; The combination trunk of the large tree of two or more combination and each combination set greatly in more than 2 combination trunks be abutted against connected by component.
10. a tree building, to be abutted against by the method described in any one of claim 1-9 by component or combined member and to build.
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| CN108901576A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2018-11-30 | 南京林业大学 | Ginkgo seedling multiple spot is abutted against the method and its fast big tree obtained and application of fast big tree |
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