CN104582836B - 处理催化剂成型体的方法和机械强度提高的催化剂成型体 - Google Patents
处理催化剂成型体的方法和机械强度提高的催化剂成型体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104582836B CN104582836B CN201380043501.1A CN201380043501A CN104582836B CN 104582836 B CN104582836 B CN 104582836B CN 201380043501 A CN201380043501 A CN 201380043501A CN 104582836 B CN104582836 B CN 104582836B
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种处理催化剂成型体,尤其是提高其机械强度的方法,所述方法包括如下工艺步骤:a)提供成品催化剂成型体,b)用胶溶助剂以不超过成品催化剂成型体的理论吸水率的液体量浸渍成品催化剂成型体,c)在50‑250℃下热处理经浸渍的催化剂成型体,和d)在250‑600℃下煅烧经热处理的催化剂成型体。此外,生产机械强度提高的催化剂成型体,其可使用本发明方法生产。本发明进一步涉及本发明催化剂成型体在制备胺和在固定床反应器或流化床反应器中的用途,以及一种在本发明催化剂成型体存在下的化学合成方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种处理催化剂成型体,尤其是提高其机械强度的方法,其中成品催化剂成型体用胶溶助剂浸渍并且随后经热处理。本发明进一步涉及可通过本发明方法生产的机械强度提高的催化剂成型体及其用途。
催化剂成型体被广泛地使用。其通常呈块料如丸粒或挤出物形式。为了能够安全可靠地在工业相关条件下,例如也在固定床反应器中和在流化床反应器中使用该类催化剂成型体,需要其具有足够的机械强度。此处需要考虑催化剂成型体也可能在使用期间机械强度随着时间而降低。
根据现有技术,可利用许多实现满意机械强度的方法,在相应的生产工艺期间使用所述方法使得所需机械强度的设定通常止于常规催化剂成型体的最终生产。
因此,根据现有技术(例如参见K.P.de Jong,“Synthesis of Solid Catalysts”,Wiley-VCH,2009,第173-183页),例如在挤出物生产中,将待挤出的原料与胶溶助剂在实际成型操作之前混合,以在所使用固体的表面上形成反应性基团,所述基团在成型工艺期间和在任选的随后热处理步骤中导致网络形成并由此导致所得催化剂成型体的硬化。这里,直至相应生产工艺结束能被去除而不留下残余物的各种物质用作胶溶助剂。
WO 2010/121974 A2尤其描述了基于沸石,尤其是硼-β-沸石的加氢胺化催化剂,其经受各种改性以提高选择性、操作寿命和可能的再生次数,其中这些改性在相应催化剂成型体的最终生产之前即在最终煅烧之前进行。为此,例如酸或酸混合物用于处理成型或未成型的材料。
WO 2004/108280 A1公开了一种提高成型体的切削硬度的方法,其中在100-600℃的温度和0.1-20巴的绝对压力下用包含水蒸气的气体处理包含结晶硅铝酸盐(沸石)的成型体至少20小时。以此方式处理的成型体的机械性能可在煅烧之后进一步改进至少20%。
现有技术中提供具有较高机械强度的催化剂成型体的已知方法由此也限于对原有生产方法的改性(例如参见K.P.de Jong,“Synthesis of Solid Catalysts”,Wiley-VCH,2009,第173-183页)或非常特殊地设计用于特定的催化剂体系(参见WO 2010/121974A2)或导致仅就设备和时间而言巨大附加成本方面的改进(参见WO 2004/108280 A1).
鉴于该背景技术,本发明的目的在于提供一种可用来进一步提高现有催化剂成型体的机械强度的通用方法。本发明另一目的在于生产机械强度提高的催化剂成型体。
在本发明第一方面,该目的通过一种处理催化剂成型体的方法实现,所述方法包括如下工艺步骤:
a)提供成品催化剂成型体,
b)用胶溶助剂以不超过成品催化剂成型体的理论吸水率的液体量浸渍成品催化剂成型体,
c)在50-250℃下热处理经浸渍的催化剂成型体,和
d)在250-600℃下煅烧经热处理的催化剂成型体。
在本发明第一方面,该目的进一步通过一种提高催化剂成型体的机械强度的方法实现,所述方法包括如下工艺步骤:
a)提供成品催化剂成型体,
b)用胶溶助剂以不超过成品催化剂成型体的理论吸水率的液体量浸渍成品催化剂成型体,
c)在50-250℃下热处理经浸渍的催化剂成型体,和
d)在250-600℃下煅烧经热处理的催化剂成型体。
本发明基于如下的认识:甚至形状相差悬殊和组成多样的成品催化剂成型体在经受本发明方法时,其机械强度也可进一步改进。这里,本发明方法不仅可应用于新制的催化剂成型体,也可应用于市售产品,甚至事先用过且在处理之前被再生的催化剂成型体。
这里,用胶溶助剂浸渍催化剂成型体,其中重要的是仅以不超过催化剂成型体的理论吸水率的液体量使用胶溶助剂进行浸渍。这也称为“初湿含浸”方法,即,即使催化剂成型体已在根据本发明的浸渍期间吸收最大量的液体胶溶助剂,它们在外部也仍旧是干燥的,即外部没有液体出来。
理论吸水率可通过测定催化剂成型体的开孔体积来测定,其可通过已知方法如吸水率或水银孔率测定法测量。浸渍本身可通过本领域熟练技术人员熟悉的任何方法进行。就本发明方法而言,优选首先装入成型体并在室温和成型体床的旋转运动下引入液体。
限制用于浸渍催化剂成型体的液体胶溶助剂的量导致机械强度的最大提高。如果用过量胶溶助剂处理催化剂成型体,则可量化的提高显著下降,直至最后仅可观察到极小效果,这将示于下文描述的实施例和对比例中。
与本发明方法中使用的成品催化剂成型体相比,可实现高达3.0倍的机械强度提高。本领域熟练技术人员熟悉的切削硬度和/或侧向压缩强度可用作机械强度的度量。用于该目的的常规测量方法在下文结合实施例来解释。
导致本发明催化剂成型体的机械强度提高的机理尚未最终明确地解释。然而,推测用胶溶助剂浸渍和随后热处理会在催化剂成型体的表面上产生新OH基团。这些新OH基团在根据本发明的煅烧期间在催化剂成型体中形成新网络,并且这些新网络又提高机械强度,但不会对可利用的孔体积产生影响。
孔体积的测量已示出孔体积仅极轻微地改变(在正常测量精度内)并且甚至有提高的趋势,如下文实施例所示。
也如下文借助实施例和对比例所示的那样,本发明方法根本没有损害催化剂成型体的化学性能。此外,本发明方法可应用于许多不同的催化剂材料,同样如下文实施例所证实。
本发明将在下文更详细地讨论。
就本发明而言,“成品催化剂成型体”为已通过本领域熟练技术人员已知的方法生产且以如根据现有技术催化剂成型体那样的形式使用的成型体。常规生产方法极一般地包括提供原料和任选地助剂并混合以形成原料组合物,将该原料组合物成型,一种或多种热处理以分离出挥发性材料并加强成型体(例如煅烧)。
术语成型体包含催化剂载体材料和催化活性组分两者。催化活性组分可任选地形成全部成型体,即相应催化剂不含任何额外的载体材料。
用于在工艺步骤b)中浸渍催化剂成型体的胶溶助剂可以固体或液体形式存在。固体胶溶助剂溶解于合适溶剂中,然后用于浸渍成型体,而液体胶溶助剂以未稀释形式或同样地作为溶液使用。作为适用于本发明目的的胶溶助剂,优选碱如氨或酸如硝酸、甲酸或乙酸,特别是呈含水即稀释形式。
优选使用氨溶液或硝酸溶液,特别是氨水溶液或硝酸水溶液作为胶溶助剂。非常特别优选使用氨水溶液。在提高沸石成型体,特别是硼-β-沸石成型体的强度的情况下,氨水溶液呈现最佳效果。
另一方面,例如硝酸水溶液在提高包含NiO/CoO/CuO/ZrO2的成型体的强度中具有较好效果。
用就本发明而言相应量的液体胶溶助剂浸渍一定不要超过或仅稍微超过相应催化剂成型体的理论吸水率上限(最大值)。就本发明而言,仅稍微超过意指以不大于5%的理论吸水率上限(最大值)超过。然而,就本发明而言,液体胶溶助剂的用量基于相应催化剂成型体的理论吸水率上限(最大值)应为至少50%(胶溶助剂的最小量),优选至少90%该上限。就本发明而言,特别优选步骤b)中液体胶溶助剂的用量正好对应于相应催化剂成型体的理论吸水率(即上限)。
为了在催化剂成型体的表面上形成足量的新活性基团,优选进行工艺步骤bb),其允许胶溶助剂在工艺步骤b)之后作用至多10小时。虽然优选允许作用1-10小时,但允许作用也可仅进行几分钟,例如1-30分钟,或至多1小时,在每种情况下取决于催化剂成型体的类型和结构。
为了极定量地去除已用来在步骤b)中浸渍成型体的胶溶助剂,已发现有利的是在大气压下或在减压下,优选在0.1-0.9巴下,和/或在静态或搅动的催化剂成型体床中进行工艺步骤c)中的热处理。
工艺步骤c)中的热处理优选在50-250℃,特别是100-200℃下进行,且用于在浸渍之后从催化剂成型体中再去除胶溶助剂。
相反,工艺步骤d)中的煅烧优选在250-600℃,特别是300-500℃下进行。煅烧再产生催化剂成型体的网络并由此提高机械强度。在确定待使用的煅烧温度时,需要考虑所用催化剂材料-载体和活性组分两者的热稳定性。
为了实现均一的煅烧结果,同样理想的是在静态或搅动的催化剂成型体床中进行工艺步骤d)中的煅烧。
如果催化剂成型体也包含载体材料,则原则上可使用本领域熟练技术人员已知的所有载体材料。所述载体材料优选选自SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3和ZrO2。作为催化活性组分,原则上可使用本领域熟练技术人员已知的所有催化活性组分,例如贵金属如铂、钯、银、铑或贱金属如镍、钴、铜、钌、铁或其组合,以及额外的可任选地以元素或氧化形式存在的各种掺杂元素。
优选使用挤出物和/或丸粒和/或颗粒作为催化剂成型体。
此外,优选使用多相催化剂作为催化剂成型体的催化剂。
实际上,已发现对于许多应用领域有利的是催化剂选自沸石,特别是硼-β-沸石,NiO/CoO/CuO/ZrO2,TiO2,CuO/Al2O3和Co3O4/SiO2。
在本发明第二方面,上述目的通过催化剂成型体实现,所述催化剂成型体可通过上述本发明方法生产。这确保催化剂成型体的机械强度以简单但有效的方式改进。
特别地,与所用成品催化剂成型体相比,本发明这些催化剂成型体具有的切削硬度和/或侧向压缩强度高1.4-3.0倍。用于该目的的常规测量方法在下文结合实施例来解释。
催化剂成型体的切削硬度和侧向压缩强度为其机械强度的度量。对于在已知催化反应如通过沸石催化的反应中的工业应用,>10N,优选>20N的切削硬度,或>10N,优选>20N的侧向压缩强度是理想的。倾向于优选更高的切削硬度或侧向压缩强度,因为许多机械强度初始充分的催化剂成型体在反应条件下变软。
所述催化剂优选为硼-β-沸石且所述催化剂成型体优选具有至少105N的平均切削硬度。这使其就机械强度而言远远优于常规硼-β-沸石。
本发明催化剂成型体可优选用于制备胺和用于固定床反应器或流化床反应器中。
本发明另一方面涉及一种在本发明催化剂成型体存在下的化学合成方法。该合成尤其为通过氨或者伯或仲胺与烯烃在升高温度和压力下反应的胺制备。或者,该合成可为不饱和烃、醇、羰基化合物、硝基化合物或腈与氢和/或氨的反应。不饱和烃特别为链烯(烯烃)和炔。
其他特征、优点和可能用途可自如下优选实施例的描述得出,然而,其并不限制本发明。这里,所描述的所有特征或以其本身或以任何组合形成本发明主题,与其是否归纳于权利要求书或其回引中无关。
切削硬度的测量使用如下的装置进行:来自Zwick-Roell,型号BZ 2.5/TS1S,具有固定的支撑板和可自由移动的垂直刀架,其刀片使成型体贴住固定板(初始力0.5N,初始力速率10mm/min,沉降速率3mm/min)。可自由移动的刀架被连接到用于记录力的测压仪上。该装置通过计算机控制,所述计算机记录并评价测量值。在递增的力下给具有预定直径的成型体挤出物加载刀片(厚度0.6mm,扁平),直至出现挤出物断裂。断裂时的力称为切削硬度。所记录的测量值为来自30个成型体测试的平均值。该方法也描述于DE 103 26 137 A1、EP1 996 543 B1和WO 2011/048128 A2中。
侧向压缩强度的测量使用如下的装置进行:来自Zwick,Ulm,具有固定的可旋转板和可自由移动的垂直冲压机,所述冲压机使成型体(呈丸粒、环或球的形式)贴住固定的可旋转板。由此在两个平行板之间的圆筒表面上给成型体加载递增的力,直至出现断裂。断裂时记录的力称为侧向压缩强度。可自由移动的冲压机被连接到用于记录力的测压仪上。该装置通过计算机控制,所述计算机记录并评价测量值。从许多试样中取出25个呈丸粒形式的无缺陷(即无裂纹且无断裂边缘)成型体,并测定其侧向压缩强度,随后取平均值。该方法也描述于DE 199 42 300 A1和EP 1 431 273 A1。实施例1)硼-β-沸石成型体,通过氨水溶液硬化
与氧化铝一起挤出的硼-β-沸石成型体如WO 2010/121974 A2的实施例1所述那样生产。平均切削硬度为37N并且所述成型体具有的孔体积为0.42ml/g,所述孔体积通过水银孔率测定法测定(催化剂1a)。然后将以此方式生产的该催化剂在Rotavapor(Büchi的商标名)上用10%浓度氨水溶液浸渍至理论吸水率(最大值)并使其在室温下静置2小时。然后,将该催化剂在减压和旋转下在150℃下干燥。随后将以此方式干燥的催化剂转移至旋转烧瓶中并在450℃和旋转下煅烧2小时。发现所得催化剂(催化剂1b)的平均切削硬度为105N,相当于提高2.83倍。该催化剂具有的孔体积为0.43ml/g,所述孔体积通过水银孔率测定法测定。
硼-β-沸石成型体特别适用于合成胺,特别是叔丁基胺(tBA)。
将10g以此方式生产的各催化剂1a和1b在粉碎以得到压碎的催化剂材料之后安装在管式反应器(6mm内径)中并在等温条件下在270℃和270巴的压力下供应43g/h异丁烯和NH3的混合物(1mol:1.5mol),反应借助在线气相色谱法监测。当使用催化剂1a时和当使用催化剂1b时,均在至少99%的选择性下实现13.8-14.3g的tBA/g进料的产率。
对比例1)硼-β-沸石成型体,通过氨水溶液硬化
与氧化铝一起挤出的B-β-沸石成型体如WO 2010/121974 A2的实施例1所述那样生产。平均切削硬度为37N(催化剂1a)。然后将以此方式生产的该催化剂在Rotavapor上用过量的10%浓度氨水溶液浸渍,其相当于成型体理论吸水率的两倍(最大值的两倍),并使混合物在室温下静置2小时。然后,将该催化剂在减压和旋转下在150℃下干燥。随后将以此方式干燥的催化剂转移至旋转烧瓶中并在450℃和旋转下煅烧2小时。发现所得催化剂的平均切削硬度为47N,相当于提高1.27倍。
实施例2)NiO/CoO/CuO/ZrO2成型体,通过氨水溶液硬化
包含29.4kg硝酸镍溶液(17.4%NiO含量)、8.8kg硝酸铜溶液(19.3%CuO含量)和16.3kg乙酸锆溶液(18.7%ZrO2含量)的金属盐溶液用20%浓度碳酸钠溶液在5.7的pH和70℃的温度下进行沉淀。在金属盐溶液消耗之后,通过碳酸钠溶液将pH设定至7.4。在搅拌12小时和冷却至室温之后,将所得悬浮液过滤并将滤饼用蒸馏水洗涤直至滤饼中钠含量(在900℃下热处理之后)达到<0.1%。将经洗涤的滤饼在120℃下干燥12小时并且随后在480℃下煅烧3小时。将以此方式获得的粉末与3%石墨混合并在压片机上压制以形成6×3mm丸粒。该催化剂2a)的平均侧向压缩强度为105N。
然后将以此方式生产的该催化剂用10%浓度氨水溶液浸渍至理论吸水率并使其在室温下静置2小时。然后,将该催化剂在减压和150℃下干燥。随后将以此方式干燥的催化剂在450℃下煅烧2小时。发现所得催化剂2b)的平均侧向压缩强度为260N,相当于提高2.47倍。该催化剂具有的孔体积为0.19ml/g,所述孔体积通过水银孔率测定法测定。
NiO/CoO/CuO/ZrO2成型体可特别地用于氢化或胺化反应。
对比例2)NiO/CoO/CuO/ZrO2成型体,通过氨水溶液硬化
包含29.4kg硝酸镍溶液(17.4%NiO含量)、8.8kg硝酸铜溶液(19.3%CuO含量)和16.3kg乙酸锆溶液(18.7%ZrO2含量)的金属盐溶液用20%浓度碳酸钠溶液在5.7的pH和70℃的温度下进行沉淀。在金属盐溶液消耗之后,通过碳酸钠溶液将pH设定至7.4。在搅拌12小时和冷却至室温之后,将所得悬浮液过滤并将滤饼用蒸馏水洗涤直至滤饼中钠含量(在900℃下热处理之后)达到<0.1%。将经洗涤的滤饼在120℃下干燥12小时并且随后在480℃下煅烧3小时。将以此方式获得的粉末与3%石墨混合并在压片机上压制以形成6×3mm丸粒。该催化剂2a)的平均侧向压缩强度为105N并且该成型体具有的孔体积为0.18ml/g,所述孔体积通过水银孔率测定法测定。
然后将以此方式生产的该催化剂用10%浓度氨水溶液浸渍,其相当于成型体理论吸水率的两倍,并使混合物在室温下静置2小时。然后,将该催化剂在减压和150℃下干燥。随后将以此方式干燥的催化剂在450℃下煅烧2小时。发现所得催化剂2b)的平均侧向压缩强度为116N,相当于提高1.10倍。
实施例3)NiO/CoO/CuO/ZrO2成型体,通过稀硝酸硬化
将催化剂2a)用5%浓度硝酸水溶液浸渍至理论吸水率并使其在室温下静置2小时。然后,将该催化剂在减压和150℃下干燥。随后将以此方式干燥的催化剂在450℃下煅烧2小时。发现所得催化剂3)的平均侧向压缩强度为300N,相当于提高2.85倍。该催化剂具有的孔体积为0.21ml/g,所述孔体积通过水银孔率测定法测定。
实施例4)TiO2成型体,通过稀硝酸硬化
将7.8kg TiO2(S150,来自Finnti,86%纯)与33g纤基乙酸钠(ClariantH4000G4)、65g硬脂酸以及250g 3%浓度硝酸和2.4kg水在盘磨中一起加工以形成可挤出组合物并在挤出机中模塑而得到1.5mm挤出物。将所得挤出物在120℃下干燥12小时并且随后在400℃下煅烧。该催化剂的平均切削硬度为11N并且该成型体具有的孔体积为0.32ml/g,所述孔体积通过水银孔率测定法测定。
将以此方式生产的该催化剂用5%浓度硝酸水溶液浸渍至理论吸水率并使其在室温下静置2小时。然后,将该催化剂在减压和150℃下干燥。随后将以此方式干燥的催化剂在400℃下煅烧2小时。发现所得催化剂4)的平均切削硬度为20N,相当于提高1.81倍。该催化剂具有的孔体积为0.35ml/g,所述孔体积通过水银孔率测定法测定。
TiO2成型体可特别地用于C-N、C-O、C-C偶联反应。
实施例5)CuO/Al2O3成型体,通过稀硝酸硬化
将包含7.1kg硝酸铜溶液(19.3%CuO含量)、13.8kg硝酸铝溶液(8.1%Al2O3含量)的金属盐溶液用20%浓度碳酸钠溶液在5.8的pH和80℃的温度下进行沉淀。在金属盐溶液消耗之后,通过碳酸钠溶液将pH设定至8.1。在搅拌12小时和冷却至室温之后,将所得悬浮液过滤并将滤饼用蒸馏水洗涤直至滤饼中钠含量(在900℃下热处理之后)达到<0.1%。将经洗涤的滤饼在120℃下干燥12小时并且随后在350℃下煅烧3小时。将以此方式获得的粉末与3%石墨混合并在压片机上压制以形成3×3mm丸粒。该催化剂2a)的平均侧向压缩强度为56N并且该成型体具有的孔体积为0.41ml/g,所述孔体积通过水银孔率测定法测定。
将以此方式生产的该催化剂用5%浓度硝酸水溶液浸渍至理论吸水率并使其在室温下静置2小时。然后,将该催化剂在减压和150℃下干燥。随后将以此方式干燥的催化剂转移至旋转烧瓶中并在450℃下煅烧2小时。发现所得催化剂5)的平均侧向压缩强度为81N,相当于提高1.44倍。该催化剂具有的孔体积为0.46ml/g,所述孔体积通过水银孔率测定法测定。
CuO/Al2O3成型体可特别地用于氢化反应。
实施例6)Co3O4/SiO2成型体,通过稀硝酸硬化
将包含14.7kg硝酸钴溶液(17.1%Co3O4含量)的金属盐溶液用20%浓度碳酸钠溶液在7.0的pH和70℃的温度下进行沉淀。在搅拌12小时和冷却至室温之后,将所得悬浮液过滤并将滤饼用蒸馏水洗涤直至滤饼中钠含量(在900℃下热处理之后)达到<3%。将经洗涤的滤饼在120℃下干燥12小时并且随后在500℃下煅烧3小时。将2kg以此方式获得的该粉末与0.69kg Silres MSE 100、26.9g Walocel、270g 56%浓度硝酸以及250g水一起在捏合机中加工以得到可挤出组合物并通过挤出机模塑而形成4mm挤出物。将所得挤出物在120℃下干燥12小时并且随后在570℃下煅烧。该催化剂的平均切削硬度为59N。
将以此方式生产的该催化剂用5%浓度硝酸水溶液浸渍至理论吸水率并使其在室温下静置2小时。然后,将该催化剂在减压和150℃下干燥。随后将以此方式干燥的催化剂在400℃下煅烧2小时。发现所得催化剂6)的平均切削硬度为90N,相当于提高1.52倍。
Co3O4/SiO2成型体可特别地用于氢化反应。
评价
实施例1)清楚地表明本发明方法导致催化剂成型体的机械强度显著提高。同时,在对比试验中叔丁基胺的合成证实机械强度的提高可在不损害催化剂的化学性能下得到。
对比例1)显示出用胶溶助剂浸渍可有利地仅进行至理论吸水率的最大值,因为过量液体仅导致非常小的硬化效果。
实施例3)-6)证实本发明方法也可成功地应用于各种其他催化剂体系。
Claims (18)
1.一种处理催化剂成型体的方法,所述方法包括如下工艺步骤:
a)提供成品催化剂成型体,
b)用胶溶助剂以基于相应催化剂成型体的理论吸水率上限为至少50%且不超过所述催化剂成型体的理论吸水率的液体量浸渍成品催化剂成型体,
c)在50-250℃下热处理经浸渍的催化剂成型体,和
d)在250-600℃下煅烧经热处理的催化剂成型体,其中氨溶液或硝酸溶液用作胶溶助剂。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中氨水溶液或硝酸水溶液用作胶溶助剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其在工艺步骤b)之后进一步包括工艺步骤bb)使胶溶助剂作用至多10小时。
4.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中工艺步骤c)中的热处理在大气压下或在减压下,或在静态或搅动的催化剂成型体床中进行。
5.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中工艺步骤c)中的热处理在0.1-0.9巴下进行。
6.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中工艺步骤d)中的煅烧在静态或搅动的催化剂成型体床中进行。
7.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中挤出物或丸粒或颗粒用作催化剂成型体。
8.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中多相催化剂用作催化剂成型体的催化剂。
9.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述催化剂选自沸石。
10.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述催化剂选自硼-β-沸石,NiO/CoO/CuO/ZrO2,TiO2,CuO/Al2O3和Co3O4/SiO2。
11.可通过根据权利要求1-10中任一项的方法生产的催化剂成型体。
12.根据权利要求11的催化剂成型体,其中所述催化剂成型体具有的切削硬度或侧向压缩强度比所用成品催化剂成型体高1.4-3.0倍。
13.根据权利要求11或12的催化剂成型体,其中所述催化剂为硼-β-沸石且所述催化剂成型体具有至少105N的平均切削硬度。
14.根据权利要求11-13中任一项的催化剂成型体在制备胺中的用途。
15.根据权利要求11-13中任一项的催化剂成型体在固定床反应器或流化床反应器中的用途。
16.一种在根据权利要求11-13中任一项的催化剂成型体存在下的化学合成方法。
17.根据权利要求16的化学合成方法,其中所述合成为通过氨或者伯或仲胺与烯烃在升高温度和压力下反应的胺制备。
18.根据权利要求16的化学合成方法,其中所述合成为不饱和烃、醇、羰基化合物、硝基化合物或腈与氢和/或氨的反应。
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CN102413930A (zh) * | 2009-04-22 | 2012-04-11 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 用于烯烃加氢胺化的催化剂和方法 |
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CN104582836A (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
JP2015527194A (ja) | 2015-09-17 |
RU2015109876A (ru) | 2016-10-10 |
EP2888041A1 (de) | 2015-07-01 |
WO2014029762A1 (de) | 2014-02-27 |
IN2015DN01366A (zh) | 2015-07-03 |
JP6143867B2 (ja) | 2017-06-07 |
RU2638838C2 (ru) | 2017-12-18 |
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