CN1045350A - 吸入环利尿剂在治疗过敏性鼻反应中的应用 - Google Patents

吸入环利尿剂在治疗过敏性鼻反应中的应用 Download PDF

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CN1045350A
CN1045350A CN90101209A CN90101209A CN1045350A CN 1045350 A CN1045350 A CN 1045350A CN 90101209 A CN90101209 A CN 90101209A CN 90101209 A CN90101209 A CN 90101209A CN 1045350 A CN1045350 A CN 1045350A
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瑟巴斯蒂诺·白安科
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Abstract

环利尿剂,尤其是其著名的代表物速尿灵,若将其溶液喷雾于鼻孔内,可成为有效地治疗过敏性鼻反应的药物。

Description

本发明涉及到应用环利尿剂治疗过敏性鼻反应,及利用向鼻孔内喷雾利尿剂溶液治疗过敏性鼻反应的方法。
环利尿剂为一类熟知的利尿剂,其代表物为式Ⅰ的速尿灵。
Figure 901012092_IMG1
其作用已经深入研究,该药通常口服,但也可静脉给药以促进利尿。
速尿具证明还可用作预防或治疗哮喘制剂。
但是利尿剂的上述应用并未提到其对抗鼻粘膜过敏性反应的作用,环利尿剂除速尿灵外还包括如:丁苯氧酸,利尿酸,etolozine或苯吡磺苯酸,胺吡磺异脲,indacrinon及氮唑噻磺胺。
为研究速尿灵(环利尿剂的典型代表物之一)是否对鼻粘膜的过敏敏性反应有预防作用,对速尿灵抗鼻过敏反应的作用进行了双育的,安慰剂对照的、随机交叉试验。
患者及方法
患者:从特种变应原引起的鼻接触致病免疫试验呈阳性反应的患者中,募集10名自愿受试者,4男,6女,年龄从14到35岁(平均年龄为21.9±1.9)。他们均有过敏性鼻炎临床病史,对相关变应原呈阳性直接皮肤反应,没有或仅有极轻微的呼吸症状,至少四周内未曾患呼吸感染,且未接受过治疗。4名患者对花粉过敏而6名患者对表皮螨属过敏,对花粉过敏的反应是在非花粉季节进行的。在预致敏试验中,用鼻喷雾器向一鼻孔中局部喷入2扑(puff)变应原(Alpha Base,Dome/ltollister-Stier,Bayropharm Italia,milan,Italy),给药量为80ul/puff。(每扑80微升)。在接触免疲反应前及以后的5,10,15,20,30,45及60分钟时,利用前测鼻法(Mod.NR4,Mercuryelectzonics Scotland Ltd,Glasgour,UK)测每个鼻孔的鼻阻力,当控制侧压力达到150帕的样品点时通过记录气流量可分别测定每个鼻孔的阻力,根据控制侧压力与流量间的比率可记算阻力,(见:Clement pAR.Committee report on standardization of rhinomanometry.Rhinology.1984;22:151-5)。需要时,可根据式:(R1×R2)/(R1+R2)计算总鼻阻力,其中:R1,R2为所得到的每个鼻孔的阻力值),当呈阳性反应时,任何时间患者受刺激鼻孔的鼻阻力均比阻力基线增加至少100%。
研究设计划
吸入速尿灵预处理鼻过敏反应的效应,是在有安慰剂对照的条件下,随机地、双育交叉试验的基础上进行研究的。在4至8天内,患者进行两次特种变应原接触免疫试验,使用与预致敏试验同样的记录方法与同样的变应原剂量。就在给变应原之前,用鼻喷雾剂往病人两鼻孔内喷入2puffs(扑)速尿灵溶液10mg/ml或2puffs对照溶液,给药量为120ul/puff对照液的配制为:NaCl7.0mg加适量NaoH到pH9加适量水至1ml。速尿溶液为:每1ml对照液中,含10mg速尿灵,295mOsm/Kg,pH8.38(Lasix,Hoechst    AG,Frankfurt    am    Main,West    Germany)。在预处理前、后,及接触试验后的5,10,15,20,30,45及60分钟时,测定鼻阻力,为公正评价接触免疫异致的鼻溢出于接触免疫反应后,将纱布小心插入鼻孔,收集鼻分泌物30分钟,得到纱布的重量减去纱布原来干重,即可得到分泌物重量。鼻症状(瘙痒、鼻塞、喷嚏、流泪)根据人为的主观分数,从0(无症状)到3(最大)来评价。
数据分析
数据由绝对值或与零位的基线的差值来表示,如:用速尿灵或安慰剂治疗后与接触免疫试验前的差值。
根据下式可计算每个病人的百分效应:(AUC速尿灵-AUC对照)/AUC对照×100,其中AUC为时间一反应曲线下的面积,用与基线的差的绝对值来表示。
方差的双向分析及成对的学生t试验用于正态分布变量的统计比较(Snidercor    WG,Cochran    WG.Statistical    methods,7th    ed.Ames,Iowa    University    press,1980),麦克奈默试验用来比较症状分数。p=0.05水平被认为是有意义的指标。
结果
接触免疫试验前用前测鼻法测得的总鼻阻力(给安慰剂前)为0.39±0.07kpa.1-1sec(M±SE),给速尿灵前为0.38±0.06。用速尿灵或安慰剂局部治疗对这些参数无显著影响。
给安慰剂后,患者在接触免疫试验进行的30秒到20分钟之间,即感到鼻塞反应,在10到30分钟时达到最大值,持续时间超过60分钟。接触免疫反应后每个时间点与安慰剂用后基线的鼻阻力比较,均有增加,变量最大值为13.7±2.5。与此相对照,尽管有两例这一侧阻力增加较明显,但未刺激的鼻孔的鼻阻力没有显著性变化(变量最大值3.9±2.4,如表1和图1)所有患者均感有某种程度的喷嚏、流泪、鼻痒(图2),和鼻溢(4.15±0.77g,图3)
使用速尿灵后,与安慰剂比较过敏性鼻阻力的增值,在实验的全过程中,(图1)被显著降低,被刺激鼻孔的最大阻力变量为3.1±1.4(安慰剂用后,p<0.005,图4)
与安慰剂对比,速尿灵的保护作用,据AUC评价为87±30%(图5),大部分变异性是由于患者用安慰剂后反应较差,其无法被速尿灵保护所致。虽然有两例用安慰剂后显示控制侧的反应。未刺激鼻孔均未观察到显著性差异(最大变量为0.6±0.5),症状分数在大多数病例中也有下降,尤其是鼻瘙痒(p>0.05)及鼻溢(p<0.005,图2),与安慰剂比较,鼻分泌物明显减少(1.63±0.5g,p<0.001,图3)。
用速尿灵局部治疗可明显减轻鼻塞,分泌及特异性变应原接触免疫试验所引起的症状。这种作用是特异性的,因为单独用速尿灵或安慰剂未观察到变化,也未在所有病人中观察到变化。
图示说明
图1-用速尿灵(虚圆)或安慰利(实圆)预处理后,被刺激鼻孔鼻通道阻力变化,相对于基线)p<0.005。
图2-用速尿灵或安慰剂治疗后,鼻接触免疫反应的症状分数的变化。
图3-使用安慰剂(左)或速尿灵(右)时,变应原接触免疫试验引起的总鼻溢出物于60分钟的收集量,相对于安慰剂,速尿灵的)p<0.001,每个符号代表一名患者,标有误差值的圆表示单独处理后全组的平均及标准误差。
图4-用安慰剂或速尿灵预处理后,受刺激鼻孔鼻阻力相对于基线的最大增值)p<0.005,其它符号同图3。
图5-用安慰剂或速尿灵治疗的接触免疫后的60分钟内,鼻阻力变化的时间一过程曲线下的面积,符号同图3。
表1.
速尿灵或安慰剂对接触免疫所致鼻通道阻力变化的影响。
刺激侧    未刺激侧
时间    安慰剂    速尿灵    安慰剂    速尿灵
(分)
预处理a0.78±0.13b0.67±0.18 0.87±0.21 0.96±0.20
0    0.88±0.19    0.83±0.30    1.15±0.55    1.34±0.32
5    5.44±2.20    0.94±0.20    1.46±0.66    1.13±0.29
10 6.51±7.72cd1.63±0.76 4.57±2.98 0.93±0.16
15 7.20±1.86c3.23±1.34 3.56±2.94 1.07±0.26
20 7.29±2.30c2.23±0.78 2.47±1.81 1.04±0.24
30 8.95±2.56cd3.18±1.31 2.33±1.60 1.41±0.42
45 6.35±1.54cd1.46±0.37 1.13±0.27 1.24±0.41
60 6.87±1.75cd1.85±0.48 1.38±0.43 1.27±0.52
a)安慰剂或速尿灵治疗前的基础测量
b)M±SE
c)与时间0比较,p<0.05
d)与安慰剂在相同时间点值比较,p<0.05,
生成一涂层。试验No.201是在聚合容器没有被涂上涂料溶液的比较例。
其次,在涂过涂层的这种反应器中,注入9Kg水、22g十二烷基苯磺酸钠、12g叔一十二烷硫醇及13g过硫酸钾。在用氮气来代替容器内的气体之后,注入1.3Kg苯乙烯和3.8Kg丁二烯,然后在50℃时,聚合20个小时。
在聚合完成之后,测定出现沉积在聚合容器内壁上聚合物锅垢的总量。其结果列于表2中
                                        表    2
试验号                    涂料溶液                锅垢量
No (克/米2
*201                        -                            400
*202                        No.102                    390
*203                        No.103                    390
    204                        No.104                      2
    205                        No.105                      5
    206                        No.106                      9
    207                        No.107                      7
    208                        No.108                      10
    209                        No.109                      12
    210                        No.110                      14

Claims (6)

1、治疗过敏性鼻反应的方法,其特征为:将环利尿剂溶液喷入鼻孔。
2、治疗过敏性鼻反应的方法,其特征为:鼻内给有效量的环利尿剂。
3、权利要求2的方法,其特征为:鼻内喷入有效量的环利尿剂溶液。
4、权利要求3的方法,其特点在于速尿灵为喷雾使用。
5、用环利尿剂制备鼻中给药的喷雾溶液。
6、用速尿灵制备鼻中给药的喷雾溶液。
CN90101209A 1989-03-08 1990-03-07 吸入环利尿剂在治疗过敏性鼻反应中的应用 Pending CN1045350A (zh)

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