CN104489409A - Experimental macaque feed and feeding method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of an animal feed, and in particular relates to an experimental macaque feed and a feeding method thereof. The experimental macaque feed is characterized by being formed by uniformly mixing main materials, auxiliary materials, microelements containing vitamin E, table salt and white sugar, wherein the main materials comprise flour and/or starch type plant fruit tuber root powder; and the auxiliary materials comprise fish meal and/or bone meal. The experimental macaque feed has the effects of promoting the growth of experimental macaques, improving the breeding quality, improving the physical property and the immunological competence of the macaques, preventing the occurrence of macaque scurvy and eliminating a macaque unhairing problem; and the standard refined preparation is adopted, feed requirements of experimental animal feeding industry are improved, and the standardization of experimental animals is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of animal, particularly relate to a kind of experiment macaque feed and feeding method thereof.
Background technology
Macaque (Macaca mulatta) belongs to Primates (Primates) monkey section (Eereopithecidae) Macaca (Macaca) animal, is " CITS (CITES) " appendix II species.
Macaque is as the species the most close with mankind's affiliation, non-human primates (Nonhuman Primates, NHP) homology of more than 95% is had with the inhereditary material of the mankind, and it is highly approximate with the mankind in institutional framework, immunity, physiology and metabolism etc., thus in biological medicine research, there are obvious comparative advantages, become and solved human health and the basic research of disease problems and the ideal animals model of preclinical study.China SFDA and U.S. FDA explicitly call for the new drug of more than two classes before entering clinical testing, must obtain the zooperal authentic data of NHP.China also specifies: " after NHP zoopery, must can enter clinical trial through approval to neural class, mental, anesthesia class, biological products class, family planning class medicine utensil etc." current, along with the foundation of the NHP disease model of the long-standing problem mankind persistent ailments such as AIDS, Parkinson, tumour, injury of lungs, hepatic injury, and related drugs studies particularly pre-clinical assessment, and the application of NHP is the bank do not walked around.NHP has some idea of for the importance of new drug particularly protide biological products new drug development.
Macaque, as China national second class protection animal, the population quantity being applied to Animal Experimental Study increases recent years year by year, but due at present in the world mainly to cultivate machin, raising for macaque is just in the starting stage, mainly still derive from wild, carrying out experiment with wild monkey does not have clearly genetic background, clear and definite microbe condition and stable biological characteristics because of it on the one hand, makes the reliability of experimental result open to suspicion; On the other hand, the exhaustion of wild resource will inevitably be caused the excessive seizure of wild monkey, do not conform to the development pole of human civilization.
China pays much attention to equally to laboratory primates Animal resources, and experiment macaque has listed " country's " 12 " animal used as test platform construction " project in, for the development of national strategy new industry provides support condition.The Department of Science and Technology has formulated " primate laboratory animal feeding and management specification and quality standard thereof ", has set up " primate laboratory animal industrial strategy union ".Huge applications just because of experiment macaque is worth, and western developed country (comprising China) is classified as policy of scientific research resource.Even have scholarly forecast, the competition of medicinal career in the future may be exactly the competition of laboratory primates Animal resources.
Therefore the hereditary difference between the genetic background of experiment macaque and colony is understood, by existing hereditary archive management system, to testing, macaque adjusts, hereditary information management, set up the detailed individual archives of animal used as test macaque and pedigree system, set up effectively, accurately and reliably, the monitoring of fast and simple genetic background, simultaneously Erecting and improving raising, breed normalizing operation flow process, epidemic prevention system and control and prevention of disease scheme, cultivating for experiment Macaca mulatta population provides technical support particularly important.
According to statistics in 2009, the breeding stock more than 210,000 of Laboratory monkey, wherein nearly 30,000 of macaque.And according to statistics display in 2011, within nearly ten years, international market was to testing the demand of macaque every year with the speed increment more than 20%.2010, the global demand amount of experiment macaque was close to 200,000, and the breeding amount of the macaque of whole world experiment then is only only more than 130,000, and market demand breach is fairly obvious.According to another correlation predictive display, the coming five years (2012 ~ 2016 years), global medical experimental macaque market demand will keep strong growth, will reach 25 ~ 300,000 to 2016 annual requirements.
With regard to China demand, along with improving constantly of Chinese science and technology level, and the comparative advantages of various cost, research and development centre is proceeded to China by pharmacy corporation large in the world and research institution one after another, research and development task of being maybe correlated with outsourcing.This is the affirmative to Chinese animal used as test, is also the affirmative to global zoopery development space.To effectively promote the use amount of domestic experimental monkey groups and model animal, in foreseeable time range, have the trend constantly risen.
Although raising scale and the demand of Laboratory monkey expand gradually; but due to the management of long-term lacking specification; the series of problems such as cause disorderly competition between industry, in violation of rules and regulations illegal, development to fall behind and Animal performance is low; not only cause huge hidden danger to protection of resources, also compromise the international fame of China.
Sufficient nutrition is the prerequisite maintaining stable breeding animal used as test body normal growth, breeding and health, is the necessary condition that laboratory animal genetic and various biological property are given full expression to.The nutrition of animal used as test and domestic animal nutrition have the difference of matter, for domestic animal, with the speed of growth, efficiency of feed utilization and economic benefit for final purpose; Animal used as test is then cultivate, breed, produce and provide that quality is homogeneous, standardization animal carries out experimental study for main purpose for each subject.Feed as food is the main source that animal takes in nutrition, and the quality of feed quality all has a direct impact Quality of Experimental Animals and results of animal, therefore, strengthens the essential condition that feeding quality control is also Laboratory Animal Standardization.
Macaque is when natural environment is lived, can according to self need absorb various food, the needs of its all ages and classes, season and physiological condition all can be met in quality and quantity, freely feeding chance is just lost once proceed to indoor feeding, rely on the supply of keeper completely, therefore, indoor feeding macaque must supply the nutriment of its abundance.
Current major part experiment macaque feed adopts simple artificial batching, make the mode that steamed bread of corn shape cooks to make, be subject to the impacts such as artificial, pulp furnish, do not have standardization, and feed is selected materials scientific and reasonable not, it is comparatively extensive that macaque falls mao phenomenon, causes certain influence to the raising quality of experiment macaque, be unsuitable for promoting the use.
If have one to select materials, proportioning, making be rationally simple, be easy to the macaque feed promoted, significantly will improve the quality of raising macaque, it will be very favourable for cultivating for expansion macaque, this provides a large amount of qualified experiment macaques will to international scientific research institution, promote Chinese great new drug development, for strategy in China new industry provides base support; Take macaque as carrier, Promoting Experiment macaque animal husbandry diversified development, realizes organic docking of upper, middle and lower trip industrial chain, the high added value of improving product and synthesized competitiveness, promotes the development that macaque industry is good and fast, serve local economic construction better; Abundant job is provided, effectively alleviates the employment pressure of local farmers, promote that local society harmony is stable.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned background technology, provide a kind of experiment macaque feed and feeding method thereof, improve experiment macaque growth, breeding quality, the making and code requirement becomes more meticulous, improve experimental animal feeding industry forage standard, achieve the standardization of animal used as test.
For realizing the object of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The invention provides a kind of experiment and use macaque feed, it is characterized in that: by major ingredient, auxiliary material and contain the trace element of vitamin E, salt, white sugar mixes together; Described major ingredient is flour and/or starch plants fruit block root powder, and auxiliary material is fish meal and/or bone meal.
Further, described flour comprises ground rice, flour, wheat bran, analysis for soybean powder, dregs of beans, corn flour, sorghum flour, soy meal, buckwheat, oatmeal wherein at least one; Described trace element also comprises vitamin C and/or vitamin B complex.
Further, described starch plants fruit block root powder comprises pumpkin powder, tapioca flour, mealy potato, taro powder wherein at least one.
Further, described auxiliary material also comprises milk powder, skin of beancurd, sunflower seeds, pine nut, walnut kernel, sugarcane, peanut, spinach, hydrolysis multidimensional, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, lysine, yeast, folic acid, progesterone wherein at least one.
Preferably, described experiment macaque feed is by weight percentage:
Wheat bran: 11 ~ 13%, flour: 14 ~ 16%, dregs of beans: 20 ~ 22%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate: 1.5 ~ 2.5%, white sugar: 1 ~ 3%, lysine: 0.1 ~ 1%, yeast: 2 ~ 3%, fish meal: 4 ~ 6%, bone meal: 1 ~ 2%, electrolysis multidimensional: 0.1 ~ 0.2%, salt: 0.1 ~ 0.4%, vitamin C: 0.01 ~ 0.05%, vitamin B complex: 0.00001 ~ 0.00005%, vitamin E: 0.001 ~ 0.006%, surplus is corn flour.
The present invention also provides this experiment preparation method of macaque feed, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) select materials: with flour, starch plants fruit block root powder wherein at least equally for major ingredient, with fish meal, bone meal wherein at least one for auxiliary material, and comprise trace element, salt, the white sugar of vitamin E;
(2) stir and pulverize: above-mentioned raw materials being uniformly mixed, then pulverizing;
(3) secondary agitation: the feed particles after above-mentioned pulverizing is carried out secondary agitation;
(4) granulate and cooling: the raw material after above-mentioned secondary agitation is granulated, and cools.
Be placed on raw for cooled particulate material in special feedstuff utensil, measure for keeper.
The present invention also provides the feeding method of this experiment macaque feed, it is characterized in that: to throw something and feed above-mentioned feed with macaque in 11:30 ~ 12:00 every day, 17:30 ~ 18:00 to experiment, and every macaque is thrown something and fed feed 100 ~ 200g at every turn, divides at every turn and feeds intake for 2 ~ 3 times.
Further, when feeding intake, feed intake 60 ~ 120g for the first time, observes macaque fed state, and feed intake after 20 ~ 35min 20 ~ 50g for the second time; Again observe macaque feed after 15 ~ 30min, under feed all eats up situation, carrying out third time feeds intake surplus feed; If feed residue is over half, O&E is carried out to macaque, checks health status and foeign element; When carry out third time feed intake after 10 ~ 20min, if macaque eats up feed or remains a small amount of feed, then forage volume is comparatively suitable.
Further, in every day 15:00 ~ 15:30 experiment to be thrown something and fed fruit and fresh vegetables with macaque, fruit comprises banana, apple, pears, citrus, before throwing something and feeding with 0.01 ~ 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate soak, flushing.
Principle of the present invention is as follows:
Macaque is when natural environment is lived, can according to self need absorb various food, the needs of its all ages and classes, season and physiological condition all can be met in quality and quantity, freely feeding chance is just lost once proceed to indoor feeding, rely on the supply of keeper completely, therefore, indoor feeding macaque must supply the nutriment of its abundance.Through applicant's Research statistics, under normal circumstances, the nutritional labeling needed for macaque is protein: 15% ~ 20%, carbohydrate: 52% ~ 62%, fat: about 5%, crude fibre: 4% ~ 6%, heat energy: 12.5 ~ 14.67MJkg
-1, calcium phosphorus ration is 1: (50 ~ 60), and its conventional feed as shown in Table 6-1.
Feed provided by the present invention, by meeting macaque containing the major ingredient and auxiliary material that enrich starch for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, coarse-fibred demand, and add fish meal, bone meal is main auxiliary material, meet the demand of macaque for trace elements such as coarse ash, calcium, phosphorus, provide enough macaque growth desired nutritional.
For macaque, vitamin C has different physiological roles, if develop immunitypty, is the activation factor of folic acid, prevents scorbutic generation etc.According to relevant research, the C that is deficient in vitamin can cause the generation of dysentery, and macaque low vitamin C state from blood, to scorbutic morbidity, has the clinical not obvious period that one quite long.Therefore, ascorbic supply seems particularly important in the raising of macaque.
Secondly, the B family vitamin except vitamin B12 can not be stored in macaque body, there will be degradation Nutrition and Metabolism disease under depilation, weak, hind limb paralysis and metabolism disorder and breeding potential if lack.Under normal circumstances, other micro constitutents such as vitamin and mineral matter just fully can meet the needs of monkey group in nutritional granular material.But vitamin B complex has clear improvement for macaque depilation phenomenon and by hair gloss, enhances macaque physique, decreases the P of macaque simultaneously.But light replenishing vitamins B fundamentally can not solve hair is generally fallen in experiment when artificial feeding problem with macaque, therefore provide balanced nutritious by the organic proportioning of other component science of feed of the present invention, improve macaque on the whole and fall a mao problem, be very beneficial for macaque physique and strengthen and captive breeding.
In feed of the present invention, contained vegetable oil and vitamin E compensate for experiment to a certain extent and raise macaque in feeding process, and the unrighted acid caused with the difference of wild dietary structure and the shortage of vitamin E, improve macaque physique and health status.Vitamin E is otherwise known as tocopherol, and tocopherol has promotion property function, increases pregnancy rate, prevents miscarriage, and can improve reproductive capacity and promotion health and to grow up effect.
Add vitamin E in experiment with in macaque feed, can promote the secretion of macaque pituitary gonadotropic hormone, promote generation and the activity of sperm, increase ovarian function, ovarian follicle increases, lutein cell increase etc.Because the affiliation of macaque and people is nearer, the experiment of comparing the over E that is deficient in vitamin in macaque feed, easily cause macaque muscular dystrophy, and the performance of vitamin e deficiency is many-sided, but be mainly manifested in reproduction, muscle, cardiovascular and hemopoietic system each side, the Skeletal Muscles Damage caused because of TD obviously also sees the experiment of artificial feeding with macaque, although heart is got involved lighter usually, more rare, but cardiac damage can merge ECG Change sometimes, pathological change, even in heart failure.
And applicant finds, in feed, vitamin E is added by appropriate for a long time, effectively can strengthen the reproductive frequency of macaque, compare traditions of the past class feed, experiment macaque feed provided by the invention, macaque is after long-term eating, and the annual August in oestrus fixed by the past is to February next year, increase the probability for all there being breeding of necessarily oestrusing in all the other months, thus significantly improve the breeding amount of the macaque whole year.Female macaque, at pregnancy edible this experiment macaque feed afterwards, effectively antiabortively can be set the mind at rest, reduces abortion rate, thus improve breeding potential.
For the female monkey in the pregnancy period, the present invention also can add folic acid, progesterone in auxiliary material, contributes to conceived female monkey and reduces abortion rate and produce monster probability, ensures that young monkey normally produces and grows normal.
Main feed of the present invention every day in 11:30 ~ 12:00,17:30 ~ 18:00 to throw something and feed above-mentioned feed with macaque to experiment, is applicant's optimum feeding time section that a large amount of macaque ecology is summed up out afterwards at observed and recorded.Cultivate macaque by domestication to take food within the above-mentioned time period staple food, facilitate normally carrying out of macaque digestive function, can effectively strengthen macaque physique, more met artificial feeding macaque ecological rule, be more conducive to macaque and raise and carry out smoothly and culture benefit.
Beneficial effect of the present invention shows:
One, feed nutrition of the present invention is comprehensive, deeply likes by macaque, and improve experiment macaque growth, breeding quality, macaque grows soon after employing feed of the present invention, and fur light, resistance obviously strengthens, and is not easy ill.
Two, the present invention compares traditional macaque feed, and what efficiently solve that China macaque cultivates common existence falls a mao problem, avoids a mao phenomenon, improve macaque physique and raise quality in macaque development growth process.
Three, feed of the present invention strengthens the immunocompetence of macaque, prevents the generation of macaque scurvy and Skeletal Muscles Damage, eliminates macaque depilation phenomenon, and physique strengthens, and growth obviously speeds.
Four, invention increases macaque breeding potential within breeding period, and improve vervet survival rate, macaque, by oestrusing breeding period of fixing of past, increases to and month except breeding period all has certain reproductive probability, increases the annual production of experiment with macaque.
Five, the invention belongs to specification become more meticulous flow process make, standardized animal used as test feedstuff industry forage standard, achieves the standardization of animal used as test.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
Test the feed with macaque mating period, by 500Kg total amount: wheat bran: 60Kg, flour: 75Kg, dregs of beans: 105Kg, calcium monohydrogen phosphate: 10Kg, white sugar: 10Kg, vegetable oil: 10Kg, lysine: 2Kg, yeast: 12.5Kg, fish meal: 25Kg, bone meal: 10Kg, electrolysis multidimensional: 500g, salt: 1Kg, vitamin C: 250g, vitamin B complex: 0.25g, vitamin E: 25g, corn flour surplus.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of experiment is bred as feed in period with macaque, by 500Kg total amount: analysis for soybean powder: 60Kg, and milk powder: 12.5Kg, mealy potato: 80Kg, buckwheat: 60Kg, calcium monohydrogen phosphate: 10Kg, white sugar: 10Kg, vegetable oil: 10Kg, peanut: 22Kg, walnut kernel: 13Kg, fish meal: 25Kg, bone meal: 10Kg, salt: 1Kg, vitamin C: 200g, vitamin B complex: 0.2g, vitamin E: 20g, ground rice surplus.
Embodiment 3:
Test a feed in the female monkey pregnancy period with macaque, by 500Kg total amount: oatmeal: 40Kg, flour: 75Kg, pumpkin powder: 105Kg, calcium monohydrogen phosphate: 10Kg, white sugar: 10Kg, vegetable oil: 10Kg, skin of beancurd: 20Kg, sugarcane: 14Kg, spinach: 20Kg, lysine: 2Kg, yeast: 13Kg, fish meal: 25Kg, bone meal: 10Kg, salt: 1Kg, vitamin C: 250g, vitamin B complex: 0.25g, folic acid: 0.05g, progesterone: 0.15g, corn flour surplus.
Above-mentioned experiment is as follows by the preparation method of macaque feed:
(1) select materials: above-mentioned raw materials is carried out select weighing mixing.
(2) stir and pulverize: above-mentioned raw materials being uniformly mixed, then pulverizing.
(3) secondary agitation: the feed particles after above-mentioned pulverizing is carried out secondary agitation.
(4) granulate and cooling: the raw material after above-mentioned secondary agitation is granulated, and cools.
Be placed on raw for cooled particulate material in special feedstuff utensil, measure for keeper.
This experiment feeding method of macaque feed is, to throw something and feed above-mentioned feed in 11:30 ~ 12:00 every day, 17:30 ~ 18:00 to experiment with macaque, and every macaque is thrown something and fed feed 150g at every turn, and each point feeds intake for 3 times.
Further, when feeding intake, feed intake 100g for the first time, observes macaque fed state, and feed intake after 30min 20 ~ 50g for the second time; Again observe macaque feed after 15min, under feed all eats up situation, carrying out third time feeds intake surplus feed; If feed residue is over half, O&E is carried out to macaque, checks health status and foeign element; When carry out third time feed intake after 10min, if macaque eats up feed or remains a small amount of feed, then forage volume is comparatively suitable.
Further, in every day 15:00 ~ 15:30 experiment to be thrown something and fed fruit and fresh vegetables with macaque, fruit comprises banana, apple, pears, citrus, before throwing something and feeding with 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate soak, flushing.
Claims (9)
1. a macaque feed use in experiment, it is characterized in that: by major ingredient, auxiliary material and contain the trace element of vitamin E, salt, white sugar mixes together; Described major ingredient is flour and/or starch plants fruit block root powder, and auxiliary material is fish meal and/or bone meal.
2. macaque feed is used in one experiment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described flour comprises ground rice, flour, wheat bran, analysis for soybean powder, dregs of beans, corn flour, sorghum flour, soy meal, buckwheat, oatmeal wherein at least one; Described trace element also comprises vitamin C and/or vitamin B complex.
3. macaque feed is used in one experiment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described starch plants fruit block root powder comprises pumpkin powder, tapioca flour, mealy potato, taro powder wherein at least one.
4. macaque feed is used in one experiment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described auxiliary material also comprises milk powder, skin of beancurd, sunflower seeds, pine nut, walnut kernel, sugarcane, peanut, spinach, hydrolysis multidimensional, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, lysine, yeast, folic acid, progesterone wherein at least one.
5. macaque feed is used in one experiment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described experiment macaque feed is by weight percentage:
Wheat bran: 11 ~ 13%, flour: 14 ~ 16%, dregs of beans: 20 ~ 22%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate: 1.5 ~ 2.5%, white sugar: 1 ~ 3%, lysine: 0.1 ~ 1%, yeast: 2 ~ 3%, fish meal: 4 ~ 6%, bone meal: 1 ~ 2%, electrolysis multidimensional: 0.1 ~ 0.2%, salt: 0.1 ~ 0.4%, vitamin C: 0.01 ~ 0.05%, vitamin B complex: 0.00001 ~ 0.00005%, vitamin E: 0.001 ~ 0.006%, surplus is corn flour.
6. macaque feed is used in one experiment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) select materials: with flour, starch plants fruit block root powder wherein at least equally for major ingredient, with fish meal, bone meal wherein at least one for auxiliary material, and comprise trace element, salt, the white sugar of vitamin E;
(2) stir and pulverize: above-mentioned raw materials being uniformly mixed, then pulverizing;
(3) secondary agitation: the feed particles after above-mentioned pulverizing is carried out secondary agitation;
(4) granulate and cooling: the raw material after above-mentioned secondary agitation is granulated, and cools.
7. test the feeding method with macaque feed, it is characterized in that: to throw something and feed above-mentioned feed with macaque to experiment in 11:30 ~ 12:00 every day, 17:30 ~ 18:00, every macaque is thrown something and fed feed 100 ~ 200g at every turn, divides at every turn and feeds intake for 2 ~ 3 times.
8. a kind of feeding method of testing with macaque feed according to claim 7, is characterized in that: when feeding intake, and feed intake 60 ~ 120g for the first time, observes macaque fed state, and feed intake after 20 ~ 35min 20 ~ 50g for the second time; Again observe macaque feed after 15 ~ 30min, under feed all eats up situation, carrying out third time feeds intake surplus feed; If feed residue is over half, O&E is carried out to macaque, checks health status and foeign element; When carry out third time feed intake after 10 ~ 20min, if macaque eats up feed or remains a small amount of feed, then forage volume is comparatively suitable.
9. a kind of feeding method of testing with macaque feed according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: in every day 15:00 ~ 15:30 experiment to be thrown something and fed fruit and fresh vegetables with macaque, fruit comprises banana, apple, pears, citrus, soaks, rinses before throwing something and feeding with 0.01 ~ 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate.
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| CN104782999A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-07-22 | 广西桂东灵长类开发实验有限公司 | Formula feed for aged rhesus monkeys in spring and summer and preparation method of formula feed |
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