CN112293341A - Artificial rearing method of black spider monkey cubs - Google Patents
Artificial rearing method of black spider monkey cubs Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial rearing method of black spider monkey cubs. The artificial breeding method comprises the following steps: the daily feeding milk amount of black spider monkey cubs within the period from birth to 25 weeks is 12% -15% of the weight of the black spider monkey cubs, the black spider monkey cubs are fed for 6 times every day, the daily feeding milk amount of the black spider monkey cubs within the period from 25 weeks old to 52 weeks old is kept unchanged at 170-190 mL, the daily feeding frequency is gradually reduced from 6 times to 1 time, and the black spider monkey cubs above 52 weeks old are weaned and fed with feed. The artificial rearing method provided by the invention is designed aiming at physical characteristics and nutritional requirements of the newly born black spider monkey cubs under the condition of zoo rearing, in particular to the method for simulating dietary habits of wild black spider monkeys during rearing and adding other nutritional elements, and can obviously enhance the weight, disease resistance and digestive ability of adult black spider monkey cubs and ensure the normal and healthy growth of the black spider monkey cubs.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of animal rearing methods, and particularly relates to an artificial rearing method of black spider monkey cubs.
Background art:
black spider monkey (Ateles paniscus), belonging to the family of Lepidoptera Toxoridae, looks slimmer, light, 38-57 cm long, 63-92 cm long and 6.5-9kg body weight. The hair of the body is sparse and short, the hair color of the whole body is mostly glossy black, and the limbs and the tail are black. The head is small and round, the face of an adult monkey is red, a flat nose is grown in the center of the round face, the body and the limbs are thin and long, the fingers and the toes are lengthened and bent, and a long tail is added.
Black spider monkeys are very attractive as they are distributed in the middle and northeast of Brazil in south America, and in tropical forest of Borieia, Guiana, etc. It is especially suitable for tree-inhabiting life, and the time length of the tree-inhabiting life can shuttle back and forth between staggered trees.
Black spider monkeys are diurnal animals, mainly eat various plant foods such as leaves, fruits, berries, nuts and the like, also eat insects, worms and the like, and often live in small groups of about 20 individuals, and the relationship among group members is relatively loose. Usually, it is weak, so there is fear of cold. The feeding environment introduced into most zoos in China at present has larger difference with the original living environment of black spider monkeys, and the problem needs to be solved urgently.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide an artificial breeding method of black spider monkey cubs, aiming at the physical characteristics and nutritional requirements of the black spider monkeys which are just born under zoo breeding conditions, particularly designed for simulating the eating habits of wild black spider monkeys during breeding and adding other nutritional elements, and capable of remarkably enhancing the weight, disease resistance and digestive ability of adult black spider monkey cubs and ensuring the normal and healthy growth of the black spider monkey cubs.
The invention aims to provide an artificial rearing method of black spider monkey cubs, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding black spider monkey cubs: feeding black spider monkey cubs within the age of between birth and 25 weeks with milk amount of 12% -15% of the weight of the black spider monkey cubs every day, dividing the black spider monkey cubs into 6 times every day for feeding, maintaining the milk amount of the black spider monkey cubs within the age of between 25 weeks and 52 weeks unchanged every day, gradually reducing the number of feeding the black spider monkey cubs from 6 times to 1 time every day, weaning the black spider monkey cubs over 52 weeks, and feeding the black spider monkey cubs with feed, wherein the feed comprises 1-1.35 parts of fruits, 0.45-0.75 part of vegetables and 0.35-0.5 part of others by mass;
(2) black spider monkey cubs: the black spider monkey pups within 8-11 weeks of age are bred in an incubator, the initial temperature in the incubator is 30-33 ℃, the humidity is 60-65%, when the black spider monkey pups are 2 weeks of age, the temperature in the incubator is 27-29 ℃, the humidity is 60-65%, and the black spider monkey pups above 11 weeks of age are placed in a cage for breeding.
Preferably, the black spider monkey pups in the first birth to 2 weeks old in the step (1) are fed with 48mL of milk per day and divided into 6 times per day, the mass ratio of milk powder to water in the milk is 1:6, the black spider monkey pups in the 2-week old to 25-week old are fed with the milk in an increasing manner of 6.0mL per week to 180mL per day and divided into 6 times per day, the mass ratio of the milk powder to water in the milk is 1:6, the black spider monkey pups in the 25-week old to 52-week old are fed with 180mL of milk per day, the number of feeding times per day is gradually reduced from 6 times to 3 times, and the mass ratio of the milk powder to water in the milk is 1: 6.
Furthermore, about 50 grams of vegetables or fruits are added to the black spider monkey cubs within 14-21 weeks of age at 10:30am or 1:30pm per day for the black spider monkey cubs to eat freely, vegetables and fruits are added to the black spider monkey cubs within 21-26 weeks of age at 10:30am or 1:30pm per day for the black spider monkey cubs to eat freely, the weight of the vegetables and fruits added each time is 50 grams, the weight of the black spider monkey cubs within 26-30 weeks of age at 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm per day is added with the vegetables and fruits for the black spider monkey cubs to eat freely, the weight of the vegetables and fruits added each time is 50 grams, the vegetables are carrots or lettuce, and the fruits are apples or guavas.
Preferably, the fruit comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.26-0.27 part of apple, 0.08-0.13 part of snow pear, 0.080-0.125 part of watermelon, 0.080-0.125 part of Hami melon, 0.080-0.125 part of grape, 0.080-0.125 part of mango, 0.080-0.125 part of banana, 0.18-0.20 part of dragon fruit and 0.080-0.125 part of guava.
Preferably, the vegetable comprises, by mass, 0.080-0.125 parts of tomatoes, 05-0.09 parts of green leaf vegetables, 0.08-0.16 parts of corns, 0.080-0.125 parts of sweet potatoes, 0.080-0.125 parts of carrots, 0.080-0.125 parts of green peppers, 0.080-0.125 parts of celery, and 0.28-0.33 parts of bread and 0.07-0.17 parts of formula milk.
Preferably, the weight of the black spider monkey cubs reaches 1450g, and the black spider monkey cubs do not change or fall within 3-5 days, and 100g of fruits and vegetables are respectively fed at 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm every day for the black spider monkey cubs to freely feed; the weight of the black spider monkey cubs reaches 1500g, and the black spider monkey cubs have no change or decline trend within 3-5 days, and are fed with 150g of fruits and vegetables for free feeding at 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm per day; when the weight of the black spider monkey cubs reaches 1650g, no change or decline trend exists in 3-5 days, and 200g of fruits and vegetables are fed for free feeding at 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm every day; the weight of the black spider monkey pups reaches 1900g, and the weight of the black spider monkey pups does not change or has a descending trend within 3-5 days, 250g of fruits and vegetables are fed at 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm every day, the fruits for each meal are selected from at least three of apples, bananas, oranges, grapes and guavas, and the vegetables are selected from at least two of carrots, lettuce, beans and sweet potatoes.
Black spider monkey cubs within two months of birth need to be placed in thermostats for feeding, and one black spider monkey cub is placed in each thermostat. The temperature in the incubator is adjusted according to the age and body temperature of the black spider monkey cubs, the temperature is set to be 30-33 ℃ when the black spider monkey cubs are born, and the temperature of the incubator is reduced along with the gradual growth of the black spider monkey cubs. The constant temperature box needs to be disinfected by disinfectant water twice every week and is wiped by clean water every day at ordinary times. Under the condition of good weather conditions, the black spider monkey cubs can be properly taken to the outdoor for sunning after being born for half a month.
The artificial rearing method used by the invention not only maintains the basic requirements of the black spider monkey cubs on the life activities, ensures the self health of the black spider monkey cubs, but also simulates the habit of eating the black spider monkey cubs in the field, thereby increasing the interestingness of eating.
The method for feeding the black spider monkey cubs within 12 months of age comprises the following steps: adding milk powder into warm water at 38-40 ℃, shaking to enable the milk powder to be fully melted without excessive bubbles, laying the black spider monkey cubs on the toy when feeding, lightly holding the heads of the black spider monkey cubs with one hand, holding the feeding bottle with the other hand to stretch the nipple into the mouths of the black spider monkey cubs, and enabling the inclination angle of the feeding bottle to be not more than 45 degrees. The nipple only occupies half of the milk quantity, and avoids the choking of the milk by the animals. Wiping the mouth clean after meals, and measuring the body temperature of the animals after each meal, 16 pm each day: body weights were weighed at 00 hours to monitor animal growth and recorded. A black spider monkey cub nipple within one month of age uses a spherical rubber nipple head, and a commercial milk bottle (standard caliber, round hole S code) can be used for more than one month of age.
The cage is a stainless steel cage, the width of the stainless steel cage is 1-1.5m, the length of the stainless steel cage is 1.5-2m, and the height of the stainless steel cage is 1.55-1.75 m. Horizontal and vertical string rope, platform and the frame of perching that has the knot can be placed to stainless steel cage inside, and the purpose is in order to simulate the scene of open-air black spider monkey activity, has played the effect of making full and graceful. The indoor temperature for placing the stainless steel cage needs to be controlled to be about 26 ℃; big towels are padded in the stainless steel cage house, and soft dolls are placed to play a role in pacifying black spider monkey cubs. When the weather is clear, the outdoor temperature is higher than 20 ℃, and the sunshine is directly radiated and no wind exists, the black spider monkey cubs can be placed in an outdoor stainless steel cage to enjoy sunbathing. Self-service drinking bowl has been hung at the inside edge of stainless steel cage house, can in time supply moisture when making things convenient for black spider monkey cub thirsty.
Selecting the similar varieties of the fruits or the vegetables as the better varieties in the current season. The apple, the grape, the pawpaw and the guava are all fresh fruits. Carrot (scientific name: Daucus carota L. var. sativa Hoffm) is a variety of wild carrot (scientific name: Daucus carota L.), and also named caulis Bambusae in Taeniam, radix Dauci Sativae, flos Caryophylli radix Raphani, radix Dauci Sativae or radix Dauci Sativae, and belongs to one year or two years old herb of Umbelliferae. The root is thick, the shape is conical or cylindrical, the meat is purplish red or yellow, the petiole is long, the three-time pinnate compound leaf is formed, the umbelliform inflorescence is formed, and the flower is light yellow or white. Originally produced in the medium-fine and sub-fine leucorrhea, the gene has been used for more than four thousand years. The carrot likes warm and cold, and is suitable for growing in sandy soil with a thick soil layer. Despite the medicinal taste of the artemisia rupestris, the artemisia rupestris can be eaten both in a cooked way and in a raw way.
In the feed formula: various fruits (apple, snow pear, watermelon, Hami melon, grape, mango, banana, dragon fruit and guava) and vegetables (tomato, green vegetable, corn, carrot, celery and sweet potato) are mixed to eat, so that the daily requirement of black spider monkey cubs can be met, and the supplement of saccharides, minerals, vitamins, fibers and water can be carried out; the nuts (including fructus Jujubae and semen Arachidis Hypogaeae) can be used as nutritional supplement food for supplementing protein and heat.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the artificial rearing method provided by the invention is designed aiming at physical characteristics and nutritional requirements of the newly born black spider monkey cubs under the condition of zoo rearing, in particular to the method for simulating dietary habits of wild black spider monkeys during rearing and adding other nutritional elements, and can obviously enhance the weight, disease resistance and digestive ability of adult black spider monkey cubs and ensure the normal and healthy growth of the black spider monkey cubs.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in body weight of black spider monkey pups in example 1.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
Example 1:
the basic artificial breeding method of black spider monkey cubs specifically comprises the following steps: feeding the black spider monkey cubs below 500g about 8mL each time 2 weeks (14 days) before birth, specifically adjusting the milk amount according to the weight increment condition of animals, feeding for 6 times each day, wherein the milk powder adopts imported infant-laying one-stage milk powder, and the mass ratio of the milk powder to water is 1: 6; in the 3 rd week, the milk amount fed each time is increased to about 9mL, and the milk is fed for 6 times every day, wherein the mass ratio of the milk powder to the water is 1: 6; in 4-5 weeks, the milk amount fed each time is increased to about 11mL, and the milk is fed for 6 times every day, wherein the mass ratio of the milk powder to the water is 1: 6; according to the digestion condition and the weight gain condition of animals, increasing the milk amount to 20mL in 14 weeks according to the standard of increasing about 1mL every week, and feeding for 6 times every day, wherein the mass ratio of milk powder to water is 1: 6; gradually adding about 20g of apple or guava at 10:30am or 1:30pm every day from 8 weeks, freely feeding, enriching the feed types, adding one at a time, optionally adding milk, increasing the milk amount all the time, increasing the daily milk amount of black spider monkey cubs to 26mL before 22 weeks of age, and feeding for 6 times every day, wherein the mass ratio of the milk powder to the water is 1: 6; after 22 weeks of age, gradually adding vegetables, and feeding fruits and vegetables at two times of 10:30am and 1:30pm every day, wherein the mass of the vegetables and fruits added each time is 50 g; feeding the black spider monkey cubs to 180mL every day within 27-30 weeks, gradually reducing the feeding frequency from 6 times to 1 time after the black spider monkey cubs are aged for 30 weeks, respectively adding 50g of fruit vegetables (apples, guavas, carrots, lettuce and the like, the amount of various fruits or vegetables is evenly added) at 10:30am and 4:30pm every day, observing for 3-5 days after the weight of the black spider monkey cubs reaches 1450g, respectively feeding 50g of fruit vegetables (apples, guavas, carrots, lettuce and the like, the amount of various fruits or vegetables is evenly added) at 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm every day if the weight does not obviously change or shows a descending trend, and keeping the feeding amount of milk at 30mL every time and 6 times every day; observing for 3-5 days after the weight reaches 1500g, if the weight does not change obviously or shows a descending trend, respectively feeding 50g of fruits and vegetables (apples, guavas, carrots, lettuce, beans, sweet potatoes and the like, the amount of various fruits or vegetables is added in an average way) at 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm every day, and feeding milk for 5 times when the milk amount is unchanged; observing for 3-5 days after the weight reaches 1650g, if the weight has no obvious change or shows a descending trend, respectively feeding 50g of fruits and vegetables (apple, banana, orange, grape, guava, carrot, lettuce, kidney bean, sweet potato and the like, the amount of various fruits or vegetables is added in an average way at 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm every day), keeping the milk feeding amount unchanged in one day, and reducing the milk feeding amount to 4 times for feeding; after the weight of the chicken is maintained at 1900g, the milk amount is 30mL each time, the feeding frequency is reduced to 3 times, 50g of fruits and vegetables (apples, bananas, oranges, grapes, guavas, carrots, lettuce, beans, sweet potatoes and the like, the amount of various fruits or vegetables is added on average) are fed after the milk is fed, the milk amount fed in one day is unchanged, and the mass ratio of milk powder to water is kept unchanged; once weaning is achieved, the fruit and vegetables fed by the feeding method are all freely eaten by black spider monkey cubs.
Weaning black spider monkey young animals of more than 50 weeks old, and feeding with feed, wherein the feed comprises 0.26-0.27 g of apples, 0.08-0.13 g of snow pears, 0.080-0.125 g of watermelons, 0.080-0.125 g of Hami melons, 0.080-0.125 g of grapes, 0.080-0.125 g of mangos, 0.080-0.125 g of bananas, 0.18-0.20 g of dragon fruits, 0.080-0.125 g of guavas, 0.080-0.125 g of tomatoes, 0.05-0.09 g of green vegetables, 0.08-0.16 g of corns, 0.080-0.125 g of sweet potatoes, 0.080-0.125 g of carrots, 0.080-0.080 of celery, 0.28-0.33 g of bread and 0.07-0.17 g of formula milk.
Table 1 shows the individual body weight change of black spider monkey pups subjected to the artificial rearing method.
TABLE 1
| 2014 | 3 month and 28 days | 496g |
| 4 month and 28 days | 548g | |
| 5 month and 29 days | 643g | |
| 6 months and 29 days | 794g | |
| 7 month and 29 days | 947g | |
| 8 month and 30 days | 1150g | |
| 9 month and 29 days | 1255g | |
| 10 months and 29 days | 1450g | |
| 11 month and 29 days | 1690g | |
| 12 month and 28 days | 1950g | |
| 2015 years | 1 month and 29 days | 2200g |
| 2 month and 26 days | 2250g | |
| 3 month and 25 days | 2530g |
As can be seen from table 1, after a period of one year of nursery work, the weight of the black spider pup reaches 2530g from 496g at 28 days 3 and 28 days 2014 to 25 days 3 and 2015 after 1 year, the weight of the black spider pup increases 2034g, and the weight increase rate is as high as 410%.
For black spider monkey cubs originally living in tropical forests in south America, the black spider monkey cubs can stably live in subtropical regions, the spirit condition can be kept good and the hair color is bright while the weight is improved, and the method has a certain effect on improving the weight of the black spider monkey cubs which are born right now.
The present invention provides a method for artificially rearing black spider monkey pups, which is described in detail above, and the above description of the embodiments is only for helping understanding the technical scheme and the core idea of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, the present invention can be modified and modified in several ways without departing from the principle of the present invention, and the modified and modified are also within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An artificial rearing method of black spider monkey cubs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) feeding black spider monkey cubs: feeding black spider monkey cubs within the age of between birth and 25 weeks with milk amount of 12% -15% of the weight of the black spider monkey cubs every day, dividing the black spider monkey cubs into 6 times every day for feeding, maintaining the milk amount of the black spider monkey cubs within the age of between 25 weeks and 52 weeks unchanged every day, gradually reducing the number of feeding the black spider monkey cubs from 6 times to 1 time every day, weaning the black spider monkey cubs over 52 weeks, and feeding the black spider monkey cubs with feed, wherein the feed comprises 1-1.35 parts of fruits, 0.45-0.75 part of vegetables and 0.35-0.5 part of others by mass;
(2) black spider monkey cubs: the black spider monkey pups within 8-11 weeks of age are bred in an incubator, the initial temperature in the incubator is 30-33 ℃, the humidity is 60-65%, when the black spider monkey pups are 2 weeks of age, the temperature in the incubator is 27-29 ℃, the humidity is 60-65%, and the black spider monkey pups above 11 weeks of age are placed in a cage for breeding.
2. The artificial rearing method of black spider monkey cubs according to claim 1, wherein the black spider monkey cubs within the first birth to 2 weeks are fed with 48mL of milk per day in the step (1) and are fed in 6 times per day, the mass ratio of milk powder to water in the milk is 1:6, the daily milk feeding amount of the black spider monkey cubs within the 2 weeks to 25 weeks is increased to 180mL per week in an increasing manner, the feeding is performed in 6 times per day, the mass ratio of the milk powder to the water in the milk is 1:6, the daily milk feeding amount of the black spider monkey cubs within the 25 weeks to 52 weeks is kept unchanged, the daily feeding frequency is gradually decreased to 3 times from 6 times, and the mass ratio of the milk powder to the water in the milk is 1: 6.
3. The method for artificially breeding black spider monkey cubs according to claim 2, wherein 50g of vegetables or fruits are added to black spider monkey cubs within 14-21 weeks of age at 10:30am or 1:30pm per day for the black spider monkey cubs to freely feed, 50g of vegetables and fruits are added to black spider monkey cubs within 21-26 weeks of age at 10:30am and 1:30pm per day for the black spider monkey cubs to freely feed, the weight of the vegetables and fruits added each time is 50g, the weight of the black spider monkey cubs within 26-30 weeks of age is 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm per day for the black spider monkey cubs to freely feed, the weight of the vegetables and fruits added each time is 50g, the vegetables are carrots or lettuce, and the fruits are guavas or apples.
4. The artificial rearing method of black spider monkey pups according to claim 1, characterized in that the fruit comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.26-0.27 part of apple, 0.08-0.13 part of snow pear, 0.080-0.125 part of watermelon, 0.080-0.125 part of Hami melon, 0.080-0.125 part of grape, 0.080-0.125 part of mango, 0.080-0.125 part of banana, 0.18-0.20 part of dragon fruit and 0.080-0.125 part of guava.
5. The artificial rearing method of black spider monkey cubs according to claim 1, characterized in that the vegetables comprise the following components in parts by mass: 0.080-0.125 part of tomato, 0.05-0.09 part of green vegetable, 0.08-0.16 part of corn, 0.080-0.125 part of sweet potato, 0.080-0.125 part of carrot, 0.080-0.125 part of green pepper and 0.080-0.125 part of celery, and the balance of bread and formula milk comprises 0.28-0.33 part of bread and 0.07-0.17 part of formula milk.
6. The artificial rearing method of black spider monkey cubs according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight of the black spider monkey cubs reaches 1450g without change or decline in 3-5 days, and 100g of fruits and vegetables are respectively fed at 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm every day for the black spider monkey cubs to freely feed; the weight of the black spider monkey cubs reaches 1500g, and the black spider monkey cubs do not change or fall within 3-5 days, and 150g of fruits and vegetables are fed to the black spider monkey cubs at 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm every day for free feeding; when the weight of the black spider monkey cubs reaches 1650g, no change or decline trend exists in 3-5 days, and 200g of fruits and vegetables are fed to the black spider monkey cubs at 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm every day for free feeding of the black spider monkey cubs; the weight of the black spider monkey cubs reaches 1900g, and the black spider monkey cubs do not change or fall within 3-5 days, 250g of fruits and vegetables are fed at 10:30am, 1:30pm and 4:30pm every day for the black spider monkey cubs to eat freely, the fruits are selected from at least three of apples, bananas, oranges, grapes and guavas, and the vegetables are selected from at least two of carrots, lettuce, beans and sweet potatoes.
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