CN104488468A - Prevention and treatment method for phytophthora root rot of pseudo-ginseng - Google Patents
Prevention and treatment method for phytophthora root rot of pseudo-ginseng Download PDFInfo
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- CN104488468A CN104488468A CN201310316142.4A CN201310316142A CN104488468A CN 104488468 A CN104488468 A CN 104488468A CN 201310316142 A CN201310316142 A CN 201310316142A CN 104488468 A CN104488468 A CN 104488468A
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- pseudo
- ginseng
- root rot
- phytophthora root
- prevention
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a prevention and treatment method for phytophthora root rot of pseudo-ginseng. The method comprises the following steps: step (S1100), adjusting the temperature of a pseudo-ginseng plantation; step (S1200), adjusting the humidity of the pseudo-ginseng plantation; step (S1300), adjusting the light transmittance of the pseudo-ginseng plantation; and step (S1400), controlling the application amount of nitrogen. The prevention and treatment method for phytophthora root rot of pseudo-ginseng can effectively prevent and treat phytophthora root rot of pseudo-ginseng for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the prevention and controls of this kind of phytopathy, particularly relate to a kind of prevention and controls of pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot.
Background technology
Pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot is that venereal disease evil occurs, and harm is serious, and not enough to the harm understanding of this disease in history, within 1980, only describing it endangered sub-seedling in the past, was called sub-seedling clear water disease.Within 1985, phytophthora root rot is popular.August then, successively find phytophthora root rot turning round in neck sample and smelly chieftain's sample of peasant household's censorship, the field investigation done in lesion the same period confirms, a large amount of necks of turning round is caused by phytophthora root rot infects with the smelly chieftain of part, has from then on had to pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot the understanding upgraded.
Phytophthora root rot is distributed in each producing region of pseudo-ginseng, and harm pseudo-ginseng plant in each age, cause sub-seedling clear water disease, the corruption of strain leaf, stem rot, turn round dish and smelly chieftain, the pseudo-ginseng main producing region of height above sea level 1400 ~ 1800 meters is injured the heaviest.General morbidity seven garden percent of loss 5 ~ 10%, seven gardens of popular year miscarriage, can destroy in full garden in a short time, loss is extremely heavy.
Cultivation of pseudo-ginseng success or failure, although there is several factors in action, very big with the whether proper relation of the control of grower to phytophthora root rot.This is not only because the occurrence frequency of phytophthora root rot is high, harm especially severe, but also be because phytophthora root rot has very strong adaptive capacity to bactericide, extremely difficult to tackle, introduce new, an efficient systemic fungicide, after having spent several years, pesticide resistance cause of disease colony has occurred, in this is efficient, absorption medicament just fails.
Therefore, desirable to provide a kind of prevention and controls of permanently effective pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, the present invention proposes a kind of prevention and controls of the novel pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot at least partially that can solve the problem.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of prevention and controls of pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot, the method comprises:
Operation S1100: the temperature regulating notoginseng planting garden;
Operation S1200: the humidity regulating notoginseng planting garden;
Operation S1300: the light transmittance regulating notoginseng planting garden;
Operation S1400: the applied amount controlling nitrogen.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, the method for described temperature is regulated to be in operation S1100: as described temperature > 30 DEG C, to pull open the sunshade net of described notoginseng planting garden surrounding, to realize convective cooling.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, the method for described humidity is regulated to be in operation S1200: as described humidity > 80%, to pull open the sunshade net of described notoginseng planting garden surrounding, to reduce described humidity.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, the method for described humidity is regulated to be in operation S1200: as described humidity < 20%, to sprinkle water in the raceway groove or aisle in described notoginseng planting garden, to increase described humidity.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, the method controlling the applied amount of described nitrogen in operation S1400 is: pseudo-ginseng cultivate biennial in, pseudo-ginseng is applied to the nitrogen of specified quantitative.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen of described specified quantitative is apply 6 ~ 7kg nitrogen in every mu of notoginseng planting garden.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the invention, the method for described light transmittance is regulated to be in operation S1300: when entering overcast and rainy season, to adjust the sunshade net at top, described notoginseng planting garden, making described light transmittance reach 20 ~ 21%.
The prevention and controls of pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot provided by the invention can prevent and treat pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot long-term effectively.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading hereafter detailed description of the preferred embodiment, various other advantage and benefit will become cheer and bright for those of ordinary skill in the art.Accompanying drawing only for illustrating the object of preferred embodiment, and does not think limitation of the present invention.And in whole accompanying drawing, represent identical parts by identical reference symbol.Wherein in the accompanying drawings, the multiple identical parts of alphabetic flag instruction after reference number, when making a general reference these parts, by its last alphabetic flag of omission.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the prevention and controls of the pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The invention provides many applicable creative concepts, this creative concept can be reflected in a large number of in concrete context.The specific embodiment described in following embodiments of the present invention only as the exemplary illustration of the specific embodiment of the present invention, and does not form limitation of the scope of the invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete embodiment, the invention will be further described.
The prevention and controls of the pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot of a preferred embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 1, the method comprises:
Operation S1100: the temperature regulating notoginseng planting garden;
Operation S1200: the humidity regulating notoginseng planting garden;
Operation S1300: the light transmittance regulating notoginseng planting garden;
Operation S1400: the applied amount controlling nitrogen.
Operation S1100 to S1400 shown in Reference numeral, can order according to actual needs implement, and the nonessential order according to sequence number is carried out.
Prevent and treat phytophthora root rot, first will understand the primary condition of pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot Occurrence & epidemic.These conditions comprise the temperature of air in seven gardens, humidity, ceiling light transmittance, the humidity of soil and nutrient status.Every illumination is not enough, and Soil and air humidity is excessive, seven gardens that nitrogen is excessive, and one runs into suitable temperature condition, and phytophthora root rot just easily breaks out.
First condition is temperature: in spring seven garden, per day temperature reaches after 15 DEG C, and namely pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot starts to occur.Show as under ground portion at first to rot, comprise rotten bud, rotten reed and rotten.Thereafter, the rotten pool of sub-seedling, sub-seedling clear water disease and the corruption of strain leaf, stem rot, turns round the symptoms such as dish mutually then extremely.Along with temperature raises, aggravation.When daily mean temperature reaches 20 ~ 24 DEG C, be conducive to phytophthora root rot most and occur.
Second condition is humidity: infecting of phytophthora all will have high humidity just can complete with growth.Betide the phytophthora root rot of pseudo-ginseng above-ground plant parts, as sub-seedling clear water disease, strain leaf is rotten, stem rot and turn round dish etc., generally just can to break out when relative air humidity reaches more than 80%, but betide the epidemic disease fustiness chieftain of under ground portion, then little with the relative moisture relation of air, as long as soil has enough humidity, even if air oxygen detrition, epidemic disease fustiness chieftain is also recurrent.
3rd condition is illumination: ceiling is overstocked, and illumination is not enough, is the important bad border factor that pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot occurs.A run of wet weather, sunshine is not enough and the sultry weather duration is long, easily occurs even popular.Observation for many years shows, if bud stage runs into the continous rain weather of lasting more than 5 days, sunshine every day is less than 5 hours, just likely occurs that epidemic disease is mould and turns round dish or leaf corruption.
Temperature, humidity and illumination are the external condition determining pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot generation weight, but three must cooperatively interact, and just can cause serious morbidity, even if there is enough humidity, if temperature is too low, also can not seriously fall ill.
4th condition is the nutritional status of plant: nitrogen is superfluous.Nutritive proportion is lacked of proper care, and is the key factor causing phytophthora root rot to break out, and the correlation of the weight that epidemic disease fustiness chieftain occurs and nitrogen surplus is the most obvious.
Macroscopic investigate shows: phytophthora root rot endangers serious area, is all the area that Nitrogen Application amount is higher.The railway carriage or compartment section of different amount of nitrogen in same seven gardens, the light and heavy degree that phytophthora root rot occurs is also completely different.
Nitrogen is the important element of pseudo-ginseng plant strain growth, reduces the threat that Nitrogen Application amount no doubt can reduce phytophthora root rot, but to pseudo-ginseng volume increase not absolute advantage, therefore can not one-sided, not nitrogen fertilizer application or blindly limit nitrogen fertilizer amount, so that malnutritive and cause the underproduction.Sufficient nitrogen nutrition is extremely important, it should be emphasized that three elements are reasonably combined, and especially potassium element must be sufficient.In addition.Should also be noted that stable market supply, must guard against and cruelly execute.
The course of emergency of phytophthora root rot: except the Occurrence & epidemic condition understanding phytophthora root rot, also to understand the course of emergency of phytophthora root rot, after the sporangium maturation of phytophthora root rot, by means of Diffusion of gas stream, the acrial part of contact pseudo-ginseng plant, direct germination produces germ tube and infects, or is infected by current, raindrop after producing zoospore by sporangium, causes sub-seedling clear water disease, the corruption of strain leaf, stem rot or turns round dish.Sporangium or zoospore, by dispersion of flow, infiltrate upper soll layer, infect the under ground portion of plant, cause rotten bud, rotten reed and rotten, form smelly chieftain.
By the analysis of phytophthora root rot pathogenic factor, proposing by taking to regulate the temperature in notoginseng planting garden, humidity light transmittance and controlling applied amount four kinds of anti-phytophthora root rots of comprehensive measure of nitrogen of the invention, thus realize long control pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot.
Lay down a definition below by way of the prevention and controls of specific implementation method to pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot provided by the invention:
A prevention and controls for pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot, the method comprises:
Operation S1100: the temperature regulating notoginseng planting garden, the method of described temperature is regulated to be: as described temperature > 30 DEG C, pull open the sunshade net of described notoginseng planting garden surrounding, to realize convective cooling, thus reduce the incidence probability of phytophthora root rot.
Operation S1200: the humidity regulating notoginseng planting garden, in operation (S1200), the method for the described humidity of adjustment is: as described humidity > 80%, pull open the sunshade net of described notoginseng planting garden surrounding, to reduce described humidity; As described humidity < 20%, sprinkle water in the raceway groove or aisle in described notoginseng planting garden, to increase described humidity.By described humid control 20% ~ 80%, adapt circumstance can not only be provided for the growth of pseudo-ginseng, the outburst of phytophthora root rot can be prevented simultaneously.
Operation S1300: regulate the light transmittance in notoginseng planting garden, regulates the method for described light transmittance to be: when entering overcast and rainy season, adjusting top, described notoginseng planting garden sunshade net, making described light transmittance reach 20 ~ 21%.Described sunshade net is three-decker, in the space of the nearest one deck sunshade net in overcast and rainy seasonal adjustment distance ground, makes described light transmittance reach 20 ~ 21%, can provide adapt circumstance for Panax notoginseng Growth, can prevent again the generation of phytophthora root rot.
Operation S1400: the applied amount controlling nitrogen.The method controlling the applied amount of described nitrogen is: pseudo-ginseng cultivate biennial in, apply the nitrogen of specified quantitative.The nitrogen of described specified quantitative is apply 6 ~ 7kg nitrogen in every mu of notoginseng planting garden.Pseudo-ginseng is a kind of plant of low oxygen demand, and nitrogen is too high will cause the nutritive proportion of pseudo-ginseng to be lacked of proper care, thus causes phytophthora root rot to break out.Prove through overtesting, pseudo-ginseng cultivate biennial in, apply 6 ~ 7kg nitrogen in every mu of notoginseng planting garden comparatively suitable.More balance to make the nutrition of pseudo-ginseng, reduce the occurrence probability of phytophthora root rot, operation S1400 be included in further pseudo-ginseng cultivate biennial in, pseudo-ginseng is applied to the muck of particular types, the muck of described particular types is the muck that raw material comprises fresh straw, pig manure, fermentative microorganism, oil cake and fire soil.Described fermentative microorganism comprises the microorganism that described fresh straw can be made to become thoroughly decomposed.The raw material of described muck comprises fresh straw, pig manure, fermentative microorganism, oil cake and fire soil.Wherein, described fiery mount draws together the ashes of weeds and soil burning generation.Described oil cake comprises the rear remaining dregs of fat of rape oil expression.Described fermentative microorganism comprises the microorganism that described fresh straw can be made to become thoroughly decomposed.Adding of described fermentative microorganism can make described fresh straw fast rotting, thus provides fertilizer for described pseudo-ginseng.The applying method of described muck is: the applied amount of base fertilizer is every mu of ground 400 ~ 450kg, and topdress applying 12 times in two years, each applied amount is every mu of ground 30 ~ 45kg.
Employing fresh straw in described muck is raw material, effectively supplements the malnourished problem reducing nitrogen applied amount and bring.Meanwhile, also must apply phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer to pseudo-ginseng, pseudo-ginseng cultivate biennial in, the applied amount of described phosphate fertilizer is every mu of 6 ~ 7kg, and the applied amount of potash fertilizer is every mu of 12 ~ 14kg, in order to provide in Panax notoginseng Growth process required nutrition.
The prevention and controls of pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot provided by the invention can prevent and treat pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot long-term effectively:
First, the present invention proposes to prevent and treat phytophthora root rot by control temperature, humidity and light transmittance, and the method is simple, and owing to being all physical method, environmental protection, thus can prolonged application in the control of pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot.
Secondly, the present invention is by the research cause of disease, have found overnutrition is the major reason causing phytophthora root rot to be fallen ill, and due to illness suiting measures to different conditions ground proposes counter-measure, namely in the biennial middle control nitrogen usage amount that pseudo-ginseng is cultivated, 6 ~ 7kg nitrogen is applied, fundamentally to prevent the generation of phytophthora root rot in every mu of notoginseng planting garden.
Finally, the present invention, by comprehensive means, controls phytophthora root rot onset condition in all directions, thus reaches the effect of long control pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot.
It should be noted, the present invention will be described instead of limit the invention for above-described embodiment, and those skilled in the art can design alternative embodiment when not departing from the scope of claims.In the claims, any reference symbol between bracket should be configured to limitations on claims.Word " comprises " not to be got rid of existence and does not arrange element in the claims or step.Word "a" or "an" before being positioned at element is not got rid of and be there is multiple such element.Word first, second and third-class use do not represent any order.Can be title by these word explanations.
Claims (7)
1. a prevention and controls for pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot, the method comprises:
Operation (S1100): the temperature regulating notoginseng planting garden;
Operation (S1200): the humidity regulating notoginseng planting garden;
Operation (S1300): the light transmittance regulating notoginseng planting garden;
Operation (S1400): the applied amount controlling nitrogen.
2. the prevention and controls of pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot according to claim 1, in operation (S1100), the method for the described temperature of adjustment is: as described temperature > 30 DEG C, pull open the sunshade net of described notoginseng planting garden surrounding, to realize convective cooling.
3. the prevention and controls of pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot according to claim 1, in operation (S1200), the method for the described humidity of adjustment is: as described humidity > 80%, pull open the sunshade net of described notoginseng planting garden surrounding, to reduce described humidity.
4. the prevention and controls of pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot according to claim 1, in operation (S1200), the method for the described humidity of adjustment is: as described humidity < 20%, sprinkle water, to increase described humidity in the raceway groove or aisle in described notoginseng planting garden.
5. the prevention and controls of pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot according to claim 1, the method for applied amount controlling described nitrogen in operation (S1400) is: pseudo-ginseng cultivate biennial in, pseudo-ginseng is applied to the nitrogen of specified quantitative.
6. the prevention and controls of pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot according to claim 5, the nitrogen of described specified quantitative is apply 6 ~ 7kg nitrogen in every mu of notoginseng planting garden.
7. according to the prevention and controls of the pseudo-ginseng phytophthora root rot in claim 1 ~ 6 described in any one, in operation (S1300), the method for the described light transmittance of adjustment is: when entering overcast and rainy season, adjust the sunshade net at top, described notoginseng planting garden, make described light transmittance reach 20 ~ 21%.
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| CN104488468B (en) | 2017-11-10 |
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