CN104479580B - 一种有机无机复合涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种有机无机复合防水涂层及其制备方法，所述复合防水涂层包括由底到面依次涂覆压敏胶粘剂层，无机颗粒层，聚合物涂料层，其中，所述压敏胶粘剂的平均厚度范围是50～500微米；所述无机颗粒的粒径在100～1000微米，粒径级配呈双峰分布，30～50％颗粒粒径接近于压敏胶层厚度，50～70％颗粒粒径大于压敏胶层厚度，无机颗粒对压敏胶粘剂的覆盖率为70～100％；所述聚合物涂料厚度在1～100微米，对无机颗粒表面的覆盖率为10～50％。本发明还包括所述复合防水涂层的制备方法。本发明之有机无机复合防水涂层可增加与后浇混凝土的粘接强度，有效地解决地下工程的解决窜水问题，显著地提高环境适应性和耐候性，提供不粘的表面供施工人员行走；并且无需隔离层，省去了防粘隔离纸/膜，减少浪费以及施工现场的环境污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种防水涂层及其制备方法，具体涉及一种有机无机复合防水涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
高分子自粘胶膜防水卷材是一种多层复合防水卷材，用于与后浇混凝土，即结构混凝土满粘防水保护。典型的高分子自粘胶膜防水卷材包括主防水层、压敏粘合层。其中，压敏粘合层，可以与后浇筑混凝土在其固化后形成完整连续的粘接。目前，典型市售防水膜还包含可剥离的隔离膜，用于卷材被卷起时，防止压敏粘合层的黏连，隔离膜必须在下一步施工前移除，因此造成一定的浪费。例如，现有技术CN92101244.6中公开了一种防水膜，该防水膜包括载体、涂在载体基底一个面上的合成粘合剂和涂在合成粘合剂上的保护层，该防水膜预先贴敷在混凝土模板上，能耐受实时户外暴露造成的化学和物理变化，并且与后浇筑的混凝土结构形成充分粘合的牢固结合。但是该防水膜在施工前需要剥离。在典型市售另一种带颗粒涂层的防水膜，其颗粒通常是二氧化硅、水化白水泥颗粒，但是经常在应用中掉颗粒，造成与混凝土土粘接不牢，造成防水层窜水，防水失效。例如，现有技术CN01814107.2中公开了可水化水泥组合物浇注用颗粒涂覆结合系统及制造方法，该涂敷制品具有至少一个用于承载颗粒的表面的主体，所述表面包含压敏胶粘剂或弹性体，并且所述颗粒是可与由混凝土或砂浆的水化反应形成的氢氧化物溶液反应的无机颗粒，或者 所述颗粒包含有效提高水化反应速度的促凝剂，所述无机颗粒包括(a)三水合氧化铝；(b)二氧化硅；(c)飞灰；(d)高炉炉渣；(e)锻制二氧化硅；(f)碱或碱土金属亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、卤化物、硫酸盐、氢氧化物、羧酸盐、硅酸盐、或铝酸盐、或其混合物。但是该涂覆结合系统在应用中易掉颗粒，与混凝土土粘接不牢，易造成防水层窜水问题。CN201080063366.3公开了一种防水膜，其紧贴于混凝土浇筑而与之结合。该膜包括挠性载体片、压敏胶粘合剂和在粘合剂表面上的反射性粒子。反射性粒子的平均直径应该等于或大于压敏粘合剂的厚度。反射性粒子优选为磨碎的白水泥或磨碎的水化白水泥。所述膜不具有可除去的防粘层，其典型地用于防止当膜被卷起时，膜的粘合剂部分粘贴至载体片或膜的其他部分。但是该防水膜在应用中易掉颗粒，与混凝土土粘接不牢，易造成防水层窜水问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种有机无机复合防水涂层及其制备方法，不仅使得高分子自粘胶膜卷材无需移除防粘剥离层，可直接开卷，上人行走；还具有与混凝土的更加优异的粘接强度、防窜水性，耐候性。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是，
本发明之一种有机无机复合防水涂层，在一个主防水片材上，包括由底到面依次涂覆压敏胶粘剂层，无机颗粒层，聚合物涂料层，其中，所述压敏胶粘剂的平均厚度范围是50～500微米；所述无机颗粒的粒径在100～1000微米，粒径级配呈双峰分布，30～50％颗 粒粒径接近于压敏胶层厚度，50～70％颗粒粒径大于压敏胶层厚度，无机颗粒对压敏胶粘剂的覆盖率为70～100％；所述聚合物涂料厚度在1～100微米，对无机颗粒表面的覆盖率为10～50％。
进一步，所述压敏胶粘剂的平均厚度范围为150～350微米；所述无机颗粒的粒径在200～700微米；所述无机颗粒对压敏胶粘剂的覆盖率为85～95％；聚合物涂料对无机颗粒表面的覆盖率为25～35％。
进一步，所述压敏胶粘剂的平均厚度范围为200～325微米。
进一步，所述无机颗粒选自方解石、石英石、沸石、蛭石、铝矾土、页岩、长石、珍珠岩、硅酸盐和铝酸盐中的一种或多种混合物。
进一步，所述无机颗粒选自铝矾土颗粒，双峰分布粒径分别为250微米和480微米或者选自页岩颗粒，双峰分布粒径分别为320微米和650微米。
进一步，所述聚合物涂料选自聚丙烯酸共聚物乳液、聚乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和丁苯橡胶中的一种或者多种混合物。
进一步，所述聚合物涂料选自聚丙烯酸共聚物乳液。其中，聚丙烯酸共聚物乳液包括以下重量份数的原料制成：
其中，所述聚丙烯酸共聚物乳液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)精确称量加入水5～30份，低速搅拌下加入助溶剂、分散剂、润湿剂，分散均匀后加入颜料，高速分散15～20分钟，检测细度合格。
(2)中速搅拌下依次加入乳液、防霉剂、分散5～10分钟至均匀后再依次加入成膜助剂、防腐剂、硅烷偶联剂、紫外吸收剂、消泡剂，混合分散5～10分钟。
(3)流平剂和水5～20份先预混合均匀，将预混合物缓慢加入分散料中，中速搅拌15分钟(中速以分散体见漩涡但不能上下翻滚和周边料能混入为准)，至仅有极少微泡。
(4)检验合格后包装。
进一步，所述压敏胶粘剂选自丁基橡胶基粘合剂、聚异丁 烯基粘合剂、丁基系粘合剂、丙烯酸基粘合剂、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)基粘合剂、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)基粘合剂、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)基粘合剂、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)基粘合剂中的一种或多种。
本发明之一种有机无机复合防水涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)首先将压敏胶粘剂温度在75～90℃温热，使之粘度在25000～40000cps时，将无机颗粒撒布于压敏胶粘剂上，为了增强颗粒对压敏粘合剂的附着力，撒布颗粒后的复合层通过压力辊辊涂；
(2)接着通过重力、真空和扫刷方法中的一种或多种方法组合去除多余的粒子；
(3)然后将聚合物涂料，采用常规涂布方式均匀的涂布在无机颗粒表面上，喷涂的聚合物微粒粘附于无机颗粒表面，或覆盖于无机颗粒没有覆盖的胶层，或增加无机颗粒与胶层的粘合点，并在60～80℃的干燥设备内干燥，干燥时间为1～2分钟。
本发明之有机无机复合防水涂层，充分利用了无机颗粒可以参与水泥水化反应，有机涂层锁固无机颗粒，可以增加了与后浇混凝土的粘接强度；以有机无机颗粒的复合，颗粒级配的双峰分布，有效地解决地下工程的解决窜水问题；同时聚合物与无机粒子的杂化可显著提高环境适应性和耐候性；并且无需隔离层，省去了防粘隔离纸/膜，减少浪费以及施工现场的环境污染。本发明之有机无机复合防水涂层，用于高分子自粘胶膜防水卷材，可使卷材在在浇筑混凝土前 适当外露，同时提供不粘的表面供施工人员行走。实验证明，本发明之有机无机复合防水涂层在户外放置8周后，粘剥离强度仍然可达2.0N/m以上。
附图说明
图1为未进行有机涂层杂化的颗粒。
图2为有机物覆盖之后的显微镜下图片。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)首先将丁基橡胶基粘合剂温度在75℃温热，使之粘度在40000cps时，将粒径500微米珍珠岩矿物颗粒均匀撒布于压敏胶粘剂表面，接着通过压力辊辊涂颗粒物，使矿物颗粒均匀嵌入压敏胶粘剂内部，覆盖率为85％。
(2)接着通过扫刷方法去除多余的粒子；
(3)然后将聚合物涂料，采用喷涂方式均匀的涂布在无机颗粒表面上，并在60℃的干燥设备内干燥，干燥时间为2分钟，涂层厚度为0.05～0.1mm。
聚合物涂料配方：
聚合物涂料制备工艺流程：
(1)精确称量加入水10份，低速搅拌下加入助溶剂、分散剂、润湿剂，分散均匀后加入钛白粉和重钙，高速分散15分钟，检测细度合格。(2)中速搅拌下依次加入丙烯酸类乳液、防霉剂、分散5分钟至均匀后再依次加入成膜助剂、防腐剂、硅烷偶联剂、紫外吸收剂、消泡剂，混合分散5分钟。
(3)将流平剂和水9份缓慢加入分散料中，中速搅拌15分钟(中速以分散体见漩涡但不能上下翻滚和周边料能混入为准)，至仅有极少微泡。
(4)检验合格后包装。
实施例2
(1)首先将苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)基粘合剂温度在90℃温热，使之粘度在25000cps时，将粒径700微米页岩矿物颗粒均匀撒布于压敏胶粘剂表面，接着通过压力辊辊涂颗粒物，使矿物颗粒均匀嵌入压敏胶粘剂内部，覆盖率为85～95％。
(2)接着通过鼓风方法去除多余的粒子；
(3)然后将聚合物涂料，采用刷涂方式均匀的涂布在无机颗粒表面上，并在80℃的干燥设备内干燥，干燥时间为1分钟，涂层厚度为0.025～0.1mm。
聚合物涂料配方；
聚合物涂料制备工艺流程：
(1)精确称量加入水20份，低速搅拌下加入助溶剂、分散剂、润湿剂，分散均匀后加入钛白粉和重钙，高速分散20分钟，检测细度合格。(2)中速搅拌下依次加入乳液、防霉剂、分散10分钟至均匀后再依次加入成膜助剂、防腐剂、硅烷偶联剂、紫外吸收剂、消泡剂，混合分散10分钟。
(3)将流平剂和水6份缓慢加入分散料中，中速搅拌15分钟(中速以分散体见漩涡但不能上下翻滚和周边料能混入为准)，至仅有极少微泡。
(4)检验合格后包装。
实施例3
(1)首先将聚异丁烯基粘合剂温度在80℃温热，使之粘度在30000cps时，将粒径700微米页岩矿物颗粒均匀撒布于压敏胶粘剂表面，接着通过压力辊辊涂颗粒物，使矿物颗粒均匀嵌入压敏胶粘剂内部，覆盖率为90％。
(2)接着通过鼓风方法去除多余的粒子；
(3)然后将聚乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物，采用刷涂方式均匀的涂布在无机颗粒表面上，并在70℃的干燥设备内干燥，干燥时间为2分钟，涂层厚度为0.05～0.1mm。
实施例4
(1)首先将丁基系粘合剂、丙烯酸基粘合剂、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)基粘合剂、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)基粘合剂和苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)基粘合剂混合后，温度在80℃温热，使之粘度在30000cps时，将粒径700微米页岩矿物颗粒均匀撒布于压敏胶粘剂表面，接着通过压力辊辊涂颗粒物，使矿物颗粒均匀嵌入压敏胶粘剂内部，覆盖率为95％。
(2)接着通过鼓风方法去除多余的粒子；
(3)然后将聚丙烯酸共聚物乳液、聚乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和丁苯橡胶混合后，采用刷涂方式均匀的涂布在无机颗粒表面上，并在70℃的干燥设备内干燥，干燥时间为1分钟，涂层厚度为0.05～0.1mm。应用实例3：选取两种无机颗粒对比与聚合物复合前后的，在户外放置4周和8周的剥离强度测试。测试结果见表1。
表1-有机无机复合防水涂层剥离强度测试结果(单位：N/m)
由表1可知，页岩颗粒与聚合物涂料复合后的防水涂层和珍珠岩颗粒与聚合物涂料聚合物复合后的防水涂层，在户外放置8周后，粘 剥离强度仍然可达2.0N/m以上，可见聚合物涂料与无机粒子的杂化明显地提高了有机无机复合防水涂层环境适应性和耐候性。
Claims (9)
1.一种有机无机复合防水涂层，其特征在于，在一个主防水片材上，包括由底到面依次涂覆压敏胶粘剂层，无机颗粒层，聚合物涂料层，其中，所述压敏胶粘剂的平均厚度范围是50～500微米；所述无机颗粒的粒径在100～1000微米，粒径级配呈双峰分布，30～50％颗粒粒径与压敏胶层厚度相同，50～70％颗粒粒径大于压敏胶层厚度，无机颗粒对压敏胶粘剂的覆盖率为70～100％；所述聚合物涂料厚度在1～100微米，对无机颗粒表面的覆盖率为10～50％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机无机复合防水涂层，其特征在于，所述压敏胶粘剂的平均厚度范围为150～350微米；所述无机颗粒的粒径在200～700微米；所述无机颗粒对压敏胶粘剂的覆盖率为85～95％；聚合物涂料对无机颗粒表面的覆盖率为25～35％。
3.根据权利要求2所述的有机无机复合防水涂层，其特征在于，所述压敏胶粘剂的平均厚度范围为200～325微米。
4.根据权利要求1～3之一所述的有机无机复合防水涂层，其特征在于，所述无机颗粒选自方解石、石英石、沸石、蛭石、铝矾土、页岩、长石、珍珠岩、硅酸盐和铝酸盐中的一种或多种混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的有机无机复合防水涂层，其特征在于，所述无机颗粒选自铝矾土颗粒，双峰分布粒径分别为250微米和480微米或者选自页岩颗粒，双峰分布粒径分别为320微米和650微米。
6.根据权利要求1～3之一所述的有机无机复合防水涂层，其特征在于，所述聚合物涂料选自聚丙烯酸共聚物乳液、聚乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和丁苯橡胶中的一种或者多种混合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的有机无机复合防水涂层，其特征在于，所述聚合物涂料选自聚丙烯酸共聚物乳液。
8.根据权利要求1～3之一所述的有机无机复合防水涂层，其特征在于，所述压敏胶粘剂选自丁基橡胶基粘合剂、聚异丁烯基粘合剂、丙烯酸基粘合剂、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)基粘合剂、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)基粘合剂、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)基粘合剂、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)基粘合剂中的一种或多种。
9.一种如权利要求1～8之一所述的有机无机复合防水涂层的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)首先将压敏胶粘剂温度在75～90℃温热，使之粘度在25000～40000cps时，将无机颗粒撒布于压敏胶粘剂上，接着通过压力辊辊涂；
(2)接着通过重力、真空和扫刷方法中的一种或多种方法组合去除多余的粒子；
(3)然后将聚合物涂料，采用常规涂布方式均匀的涂布在无机颗粒表面上，并在60～80℃的干燥设备内干燥，干燥时间为1～2分钟。
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| CN111849393A (zh) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-30 | 三棵树涂料股份有限公司 | 一种环保耐水型单组分瓷砖界面处理剂及其制备方法 |
| CN112210326A (zh) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-12 | 恩平市盈嘉丰胶粘制品有限公司 | 一种高透光率防蓝光防辐射光学压敏胶及其制备方法 |
| CN112411195B (zh) * | 2020-10-22 | 2023-12-26 | 浙江依莱特纺织有限公司 | 一种坯布的防水处理方法 |
| CN113002084A (zh) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-06-22 | 广东能辉新材料科技有限公司 | 防粘复合型防水卷材及其防粘涂层的涂布方法 |
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| CN114956871B (zh) * | 2022-06-17 | 2023-08-04 | 江西唯美陶瓷有限公司 | 双峰级配釉料制灰黑色抛光的薄型岩板及釉料制备方法 |
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| JPS60215088A (ja) * | 1984-04-10 | 1985-10-28 | Teraoka Seisakusho:Kk | 陰極線管の補強に用いる防爆用粘着テ−プ |
| CN100441600C (zh) * | 2005-02-05 | 2008-12-10 | 广州宏昌胶粘带厂 | 含无机纳米粒子的核-壳无机-有机复合压敏胶乳液及其制备方法和应用 |
| SG183170A1 (en) | 2010-02-08 | 2012-09-27 | Grace W R & Co | Waterproofing membrane |
| CN103625077B (zh) * | 2010-02-08 | 2015-10-28 | 格雷斯公司 | 防水膜 |
| ES2534878T3 (es) * | 2010-04-28 | 2015-04-29 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn | Membrana a prueba de agua |
| WO2011139466A1 (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-10 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Waterproofing membrane |
| TWI581965B (zh) | 2011-10-25 | 2017-05-11 | Ｇｃｐ應用技術有限公司 | 防水膜 |
| CN102604496B (zh) * | 2012-03-13 | 2015-08-12 | 北京东方雨虹防水技术股份有限公司 | 一种快干薄涂型丙烯酸保护涂料及hdpe自粘胶膜防水卷材保护涂层 |
| JP6132090B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-10 | 2017-05-24 | Dic株式会社 | 粘着テープ |
| CN103965716A (zh) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-08-06 | 北京东方雨虹防水技术股份有限公司 | 一种水性速干丙烯酸保护涂料及其制备方法 |
| CN104479580B (zh) | 2014-12-22 | 2016-08-24 | 北京东方雨虹防水技术股份有限公司 | 一种有机无机复合涂层及其制备方法 |
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| WO2016101773A1 (zh) | 2016-06-30 |
| US10487215B2 (en) | 2019-11-26 |
| AU2015371876A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
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