CN1044771A - 流化床反应器中的水冷壁 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种产生热的流化床反应器,在其底部有格栅结构用于将流化气体引入反应器。器壁制成竖直水管与平板连结形成的水冷壁结构。水冷壁的下部衬有耐火材料用于抗磨损和耐热。在未覆盖的上部水冷壁和有耐火衬的下部水冷壁之间的中间区域位置上,水管被向外弯曲与竖直平面成一角度,目的是使由于颗粒沿着反应器壁向下流动所引起的磨损减至最小。
Description
本发明涉及一种竖式流化床反应器中周围水冷壁的新颖结构,尤其是位于下部衬有耐火层的水冷壁与上部无衬的水冷壁之间的区域的水冷壁结构。
流化床反应器常常用于各种不同的燃烧、热交换、化学或冶金工艺等。根据不同的工艺,选用不同的在系统中流化或循环的床材料。在燃烧工艺中,颗粒燃烧如煤块、焦炭、褐煤、木材、废木料、废木炭或泥炭以及其它颗粒物质如沙子、灰粉、硫吸收剂、催化剂、或金属氧化物等都可以用作流化材料。
产生热的流化床反应器具有一个竖式的反应室,也就是说具有竖直的器壁。器壁被制成水冷壁或管壁的型式,其中竖直的壁管与一平板或“翅板”相连结。为了耐热和耐腐蚀,在反应器下部的器壁上常常衬有耐火材料。由于颗粒的摩擦和比较高的固体颗粒的浓度所引起的剧烈搅动,反应器的下部最容易受到磨损。
在反应器中某些特定的位置上,既有向上流动的又有向下流动的床材料。主体流动在反应室的径向和轴向上发生变化。向下的流动非常接近周围器壁。由于在反应室中由上到下颗粒的密度增加,沿周围器壁向下降落的颗粒厚度也相应地逐渐增加。下落的颗粒层厚度可在10~50mm之间或更厚些。颗粒层下落方向的任何变化都会引起磨损。
在反应室中的水冷壁结构的耐火衬上部边界处,形成的肩状结构会导致下落的床材料层产生涡流。沿着连结相邻两个管子的“翅板”垂直下落的颗粒层的下落方向,在一定程度上被改变,并且被导向沿着耐火衬的边界线流动。涡流和颗粒沿着耐火衬边界线的水平方向的流动引起水冷壁管的严重磨损,特别是靠近耐火衬的管的磨损。这种磨损,尤其对于燃烧固体燃料的锅炉这样的有严重磨损条件的场合是很成问题的。
水冷壁中的管子不得不被经常检查而且最终涂上保护层或更换新管。拆掉坏管子和安上新管或更新保护层需要很长的停工期。两者都会造成人力和时间的消耗。
流化床反应器中的管子磨损是众所周知的问题。人们为了减少磨损已经提出了一些解决方案。这些方案并没有获得完全的成功。用耐火衬来保护反应器中的管子会减少磨损,但它也会减少对管子的热传递。
有人尝试了在管子上,特别是管子的易受损的区域焊上一层保护面。然而在强磨损的环境下,保护层维持不了很长时间。有人还提出用一层保护材料如烧结金属或陶瓷材料覆盖管子。这个方案不仅成本高,而且会减少管子的热传递。
人们还建议,通过焊上障碍物来减小颗粒沿管子流动的速度。然而反应器中高速度有利于器壁的热传递,不应该被减少。瑞典专利SE454,725提出在特别严重的磨损处的管子上焊上弯曲构件。
在瑞典专利SE452,360中进一步提出将整个反应器壁向上向内倾斜以减少沿器壁的磨损。这是一个非常特殊的结构,并且不很容易实现。
本发明的一个目的是为流化床反应器提供一种管壁,将接近器壁的耐火衬层处的磨损减到最小。
本发明的另一个目的是减少由于管子的更换造成的流化床锅炉的停工期。
为了达到上述的目的,将位于无耐火衬的管壁和有耐火衬的管壁之间的中间区域的管壁向下向外弯曲,与竖直方向成一夹角。
在距第一个弯曲有一定距离的下方将壁管弯回竖直方向,或者将管壁向内弯曲成一角度,形成一个向内倾斜的燃烧室壁。特别是前后壁可以形成斜壁,侧壁可以是竖直的。
通过参考下面结合附图提供的对优选实施例的详细描述,可以更清楚地了解本发明上面简要描述及进一步的目的、特征和优点。
图1是流化床反应器下部的剖面图。
图2是上部未覆盖管壁与下部有耐火衬管壁之间的中间区域的放大图。
图3是图2的剖面图。
图1表示流化床反应器的下部,具有一个燃烧室1和周围管壁2如膜壁。在燃烧室里的颗粒材料从被位于燃烧室下方的空气室3引入的空气所流化。空气通过在一格栅板5中的喷嘴4从空气室分布进入燃烧室。如果用于流化在燃烧室中的颗粒材料的是空气以外的其它气体,空气或氧化气得通过图中未画出的另外的入口引入。如果需要,燃料、添加剂及其它颗粒材料或二次气,通过图中未画出的其它入口引入。
位于燃烧室上部6的水冷壁没有被覆盖。位于燃烧室下部7的水冷壁衬有耐火材料8。位于上部未覆盖的水冷壁10与下部有耐火衬的水冷壁11之间的中间区域的水冷壁向外弯曲。在燃烧室中有耐火衬部分的壁高与整个竖直方向的壁高之比为1∶3到1∶10。
关于这段中间区域详见图2和图3。水冷壁10当达到未覆盖的和有耐火衬的水冷壁之间的中间区域时在点12处向下、外方向弯曲,与竖直方向夹角为α。弯曲水冷壁和竖直方向的夹角α可以取5~30°,大多情况下,取10~20°即可。
水冷壁的耐火衬8始于弯曲处。衬的内表面13形成一段连结两个相邻管10的平板或翅板15的内表面14的向下的直线延伸。这段耐火衬的内表面与平板或翅板在同一竖直面上。这种结构避免了由耐火衬在竖直水冷壁处形成肩状结构,并且使经过管子的下落颗粒层不产生涡流。沿着翅板15向下流动的颗粒可以沿着耐火衬向下继续流动而不改变它的方向。沿着管10向下流动的颗粒也可以连续流动而不受干扰。水冷壁的弯曲非常有效地保护了壁管。
耐火衬的最上方的比较薄的衬层可以通过焊上一盖板或挡板17而受到保护,此挡板作为平板15在竖直方向的延伸(如图4所示),以保护最上部的耐火衬层。
如果需要,可以在水冷壁的外侧表面焊上一支撑物,在弯曲处支撑水冷壁。
位于中间区域9的水冷壁,在其下方的位置16处被弯回竖直方向。如果燃烧室下部的横截面积应该沿着向下的方向减小,那么可以将水冷壁进一步向内弯曲,如图1和图5所示。如果水冷壁被进一步向内弯曲,耐火衬的内表面就形成一个自翅板竖直平面向外弯曲后的一个竖平面开始的向下向内的斜坡。
水冷壁的第二次弯曲的方向与竖直方向的夹角可取5-30°。第一次弯曲处与第二次弯曲处之间的距离可以取200-400mm。
水冷壁的中间区域9,可以容易地被制成具有不同弯曲的组件,而且可以容易地与竖直壁部分连结。
按照本发明的另一个实施例,耐火衬可以制成带有棱边或肩状结构的型式,如图5所示。这里耐火衬始于水冷壁的第一弯曲处的下方。肩状结构可以和竖直平面构成一个锐角β。角β最好选得使颗粒在肩状结构处不堆积,例如可以选用大约45°。在这个实施例中,耐火衬的上部表面可以用一钢板之类的部件来保护耐火衬免于受损。
按照本发明的更进一步的实施例,耐火衬可以制成斜坡型式,如图6所示。衬还是始于水冷壁的第一个弯曲处的下方。沿着水冷壁下落的颗粒层在碰到耐火衬后滑下。
在图5和图6所示的实施例中,向下流动的颗粒将仍然在耐火衬的边界上连续流动而不产生引起磨损的剧烈湍流衬的厚度的选择可以不取决于壁的弯曲。衬层最好始于弯曲后的管子内表面已经达到了板15的竖直平面处以下的位置。在这个位置上,颗粒在管与耐火衬之间的边界处离开板15向下流动并不引起磨损性的湍流。
弯曲处的管表面可以附上保护材料层。由于在管表面附近的湍流的颗粒的流动被减小,所以在这种情况下,保护材料不易被磨损坏。
如图6所示,可以在反应器室的中部拐角处安一些分叉水管18来封住在弯曲拐角处的水冷壁。当管被弯曲后,拐角处的管间距将增加。新增加的管子,即叉管,可以封住管间的空隙。
虽然本发明已经联系优选的实施例进行了描述,但应当认为,包括在权利要求的范围和实质之内的本发明的其它实施例、形式和变化,本领域的技术人员可以容易地提出。应当将所有在此提出的或在附图中显示的内容看作是举例性的说明,而不是限定。
Claims (14)
1、一种流化床反应器的反应室,其底部带有格栅,并有水平地限定反应室的壁,所述壁包括:
-位于上部的基本竖直的上部水冷壁部分,水冷壁的管子与翅板或平板连接形成水冷壁;
-位于下部的有耐火衬的下部水冷壁部分;和
-位于上部水冷壁与有耐火衬的下部水冷壁部分之间的中间水冷壁部分,其特征在于,
该中间水冷壁部分的水冷壁向外弯曲,与竖直平面成一夹角。
2、权利要求1所述的反应室,其特征是,
-位于中间水冷壁部分的水冷壁首先向外弯曲,然后弯回竖直方向。
3、权利要求1所述的反应室,其特征是,
-位于中间水冷壁部分的水冷壁,首先向外弯曲,然后向内弯曲,与竖直平面成一夹角。
4、权利要求3所述的反应室,其特征是,
-位于中间水冷壁部分的在反应室前壁和/或后壁处的水冷壁,先向外弯曲,然后向内弯曲,与竖直平面成一夹角。
5、权利要求1所述的反应室,其特征是,
-在中间水冷壁区域位置上,耐火衬的内表面与位于上部水冷壁位置上的翅板或平板的竖直平面在同一个平面内。
6、权利要求5所述的反应室,其特征是,
-安装有一挡板作为翅板或平板在竖直方向的延伸,来保护最上部的耐火衬。
7、权利要求1所述的反应室,其特征是,
-在中间水冷壁处的耐火衬的内表面形成一个向下向内的斜面,该斜面始于由翅板或平板的竖直平面向外弯曲后的竖直面处。
8、权利要求1所述的反应室,其特征是,
-在中间水冷壁处的耐火衬始于水冷壁的第一个弯曲下面的一段距离处并与水冷壁形成一棱边。
9、权利要求1所述的反应室,其特征是,
-耐火衬的高度与水冷壁的高度之比为1∶3至1∶10。
10、权利要求2、3或4所述的反应室,其特征是,
-第一个弯曲与第二个弯曲间的距离是200-400mm。
11、权利要求1所述的反应室,其特征是,
-第一次向外弯曲的水冷壁与竖直方向的夹角为5-30°。
12、权利要求3或4所述的反应室,其特征是,
-第二次向内弯曲的水冷壁与竖直方向的夹角为5-30°。
13、权利要求1所述的反应室,其特征是,
-在中间水冷壁部分反应室的拐角处,安装有一些分叉水管来封住水冷壁弯曲处的水冷壁。
14、一种流化床反应器中反应室的壁,它包括反应室下部衬有耐火材料的水冷壁,其特征是,所述水冷壁在有耐火衬的水冷壁上边界处向外弯曲。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US309,563 | 1989-02-13 | ||
US07/309,563 US5091156A (en) | 1989-02-13 | 1989-02-13 | Waterwalls in a fluidized bed reactor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1044771A true CN1044771A (zh) | 1990-08-22 |
CN1035359C CN1035359C (zh) | 1997-07-09 |
Family
ID=23198727
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN90100764A Expired - Lifetime CN1035359C (zh) | 1989-02-13 | 1990-02-12 | 流化床反应器的反应室 |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5091156A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0457779B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH07117229B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR910700435A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1035359C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU639685B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2046587C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ280740B6 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2040113T3 (zh) |
LT (1) | LT3380B (zh) |
LV (1) | LV11062B (zh) |
PL (1) | PL163802B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2060429C1 (zh) |
UA (1) | UA26181A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1990009551A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107448953A (zh) * | 2017-09-16 | 2017-12-08 | 张文瀚 | 一种固废处理装置 |
CN108866321A (zh) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-11-23 | 葫芦岛锌业股份有限公司 | 一种处理高铜高铅锌精矿的沸腾焙烧炉 |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5505906A (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1996-04-09 | A. Ahlstrom Corporation | Cleaning of high temperature high pressure (HTHP) gases |
US5391356A (en) * | 1993-03-26 | 1995-02-21 | International Paper Company | Flow distributor for a fluidized bed reactor |
US5395596A (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1995-03-07 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Fluidized bed reactor and method utilizing refuse derived fuel |
FI96541C (fi) * | 1994-10-03 | 1996-07-10 | Ahlstroem Oy | Järjestely seinämässä sekä menetelmä seinämän pinnoittamiseksi |
FR2735041B1 (fr) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-07-11 | Gec Alsthom Stein Ind | Reacteur a lits fluidises pour le traitement thermique des dechets |
US5730071A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1998-03-24 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | System to improve mixing and uniformity of furnace combustion gases in a cyclone fired boiler |
US5893340A (en) * | 1997-06-16 | 1999-04-13 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Erosion protection at line discontinuity for enclosure and internal walls in fluidized bed combustors and reactors |
US8518496B2 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2013-08-27 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Preventing tube failure in boilers |
FI116541B (fi) * | 2004-09-24 | 2005-12-15 | Kvaerner Power Oy | Kiertoleijukattilan eroosiosuojaus |
ES2414439T3 (es) * | 2007-01-10 | 2013-07-19 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Una cámara de reactor de lecho fluidizado circulante |
FI121638B (fi) * | 2009-06-12 | 2011-02-15 | Foster Wheeler Energia Oy | Leijupetireaktori |
JP5496688B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-07 | 2014-05-21 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | 流動床反応炉 |
JP5496689B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-07 | 2014-05-21 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | 流動床反応炉 |
CN102062395B (zh) * | 2010-12-05 | 2012-09-05 | 王森 | 循环流化床锅炉气固分离器及含有该气固分离器的锅炉 |
CA2833736A1 (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-10-26 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | System, method and apparatus having thermally conductive refractory tile |
US10323842B2 (en) | 2017-03-03 | 2019-06-18 | Sumitomo SHI FW Energia Oy | Watertube panel portion and a method of manufacturing a watertube panel portion in a fluidized bed reactor |
US10118147B1 (en) | 2017-07-13 | 2018-11-06 | Sumitomo SHI FW Energia Oy | Tubular waterwall structure in a fluidized bed reaction chamber and a fluidized bed reaction chamber |
CN110030855A (zh) * | 2018-05-31 | 2019-07-19 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | 一种流态化冷却器流化风均布装置 |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4210491A (en) * | 1976-11-01 | 1980-07-01 | Tosco Corporation | Method and apparatus for retorting a substance containing organic matter |
US4539939A (en) * | 1981-12-15 | 1985-09-10 | Johnson William B | Fluidized bed combustion apparatus and method |
US4704992A (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1987-11-10 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Waterwall support and configuration for a ranch style fluidized bed boiler |
US4554967A (en) * | 1983-11-10 | 1985-11-26 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation | Erosion resistant waterwall |
US4597362A (en) * | 1984-09-05 | 1986-07-01 | The Garrett Corporation | Fluidized bed combustor |
US4593652A (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-06-10 | Saul Ehrlich | Modular tube unit for fluidized bed boilers |
DE3447186A1 (de) * | 1984-12-22 | 1986-07-03 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen | Wirbelschichtfeuerung mit tauchheizflaechen |
DK158531C (da) * | 1985-06-13 | 1990-10-29 | Aalborg Vaerft As | Fremgangsmaade til kontinuerlig drift af en cirkulerende fluidiseret bed-reaktor samt reaktor til anvendelse ved udoevelse af fremgangsmaaden |
SE452360B (sv) * | 1986-02-05 | 1987-11-23 | Goetaverken Energy Syst Ab | Anordning vid en reaktorkammare for en cirkulerande, fluidiserad bedd |
SE453007B (sv) * | 1986-04-22 | 1988-01-04 | Asea Stal Ab | Kraftanleggning med forbrenning i en fluidiserad bedd |
SE454725B (sv) * | 1986-10-08 | 1988-05-24 | Goetaverken Energy Ab | Anordning for undvikande av erosion vid tubpanelveggar i en reaktorkammare med fluidiserad bedd |
-
1989
- 1989-02-13 US US07/309,563 patent/US5091156A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-02-05 CA CA002046587A patent/CA2046587C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-02-05 RU SU905001506A patent/RU2060429C1/ru active
- 1990-02-05 AU AU49690/90A patent/AU639685B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-02-05 UA UA5001506A patent/UA26181A/uk unknown
- 1990-02-05 WO PCT/FI1990/000034 patent/WO1990009551A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-02-05 ES ES199090902263T patent/ES2040113T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-05 EP EP90902263A patent/EP0457779B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-05 JP JP2502614A patent/JPH07117229B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-05 KR KR1019900702258A patent/KR910700435A/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-02-12 CN CN90100764A patent/CN1035359C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-02-12 CZ CS90674A patent/CZ280740B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-02-12 PL PL90283760A patent/PL163802B1/pl unknown
-
1993
- 1993-06-28 LV LVP-93-660A patent/LV11062B/en unknown
- 1993-08-10 LT LTIP844A patent/LT3380B/lt not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107448953A (zh) * | 2017-09-16 | 2017-12-08 | 张文瀚 | 一种固废处理装置 |
CN108866321A (zh) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-11-23 | 葫芦岛锌业股份有限公司 | 一种处理高铜高铅锌精矿的沸腾焙烧炉 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR910700435A (ko) | 1991-03-15 |
CS9000674A2 (en) | 1991-08-13 |
LTIP844A (en) | 1995-02-27 |
ES2040113T3 (es) | 1993-10-01 |
LV11062B (en) | 1996-06-20 |
US5091156A (en) | 1992-02-25 |
JPH04503243A (ja) | 1992-06-11 |
LV11062A (lv) | 1996-02-20 |
WO1990009551A1 (en) | 1990-08-23 |
AU4969090A (en) | 1990-09-05 |
UA26181A (uk) | 1999-06-07 |
CN1035359C (zh) | 1997-07-09 |
LT3380B (en) | 1995-08-25 |
JPH07117229B2 (ja) | 1995-12-18 |
CA2046587C (en) | 1995-04-11 |
EP0457779A1 (en) | 1991-11-27 |
RU2060429C1 (ru) | 1996-05-20 |
AU639685B2 (en) | 1993-08-05 |
PL163802B1 (en) | 1994-05-31 |
EP0457779B1 (en) | 1993-02-10 |
CZ280740B6 (cs) | 1996-04-17 |
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PB01 | Publication | ||
C53 | Correction of patent of invention or patent application | ||
CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: Helsinki Applicant after: A. Ahlstrom Corp. Address before: Finland Applicant before: A Ahlstrom Corp. |
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Free format text: CORRECT: APPLICANT; FROM: A. AHLSTROM CORP. TO: FOSTER WHEELER ENERGIA CO., LTD. |
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C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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C15 | Extension of patent right duration from 15 to 20 years for appl. with date before 31.12.1992 and still valid on 11.12.2001 (patent law change 1993) | ||
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Granted publication date: 19970709 |