CN104473147A - 食用菌家宴烹制组合物 - Google Patents
食用菌家宴烹制组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104473147A CN104473147A CN201410830553.XA CN201410830553A CN104473147A CN 104473147 A CN104473147 A CN 104473147A CN 201410830553 A CN201410830553 A CN 201410830553A CN 104473147 A CN104473147 A CN 104473147A
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- bacterium
- mushroom
- tricholoma
- boletus
- edible
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种食用菌家宴烹制组合物,包括主料和调味料,主料包括香菇菌、青杠菌、茶树菇、黄牛肝菌、白牛肝菌、球盖菌、老人头菌和松茸菌;调味料包括羊肚菌、松茸菌、牛肝菌、青杠菌、球盖菌、鸡枞菌、红葱菌、茶树菇、香菇、老人头菌、黑虎掌菌、黑牛肝菌、珊瑚菌、食用盐、白砂糖、麦芽糊精和香辛料。本发明克服了现有的家庭用食用菌组合物盲目搭配,食用效果和口感较差的缺陷,提供一种科学搭配、食用效果佳和口感好的食用菌家宴烹制组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品领域,具体涉及一种食用菌家宴烹制组合物。
背景技术
食用菌是指子实体硕大、可供食用的蕈菌(大型真菌),通称为蘑菇。中国已知的食用菌有350多种,其中多属担子菌亚门,常见的有:香菇、草菇、蘑菇、木耳、银耳、猴头、竹荪、松口蘑(松茸)、口蘑、红菇和牛肝菌等;少数属于子囊菌亚门,其中有:羊肚菌、马鞍菌、块菌等。
食用菌含有丰富的蛋白质和氨基酸,其含量是一般蔬菜和水果的几倍到几十倍,如鲜蘑菇含蛋白质为1.5-3.5%,是大白菜的3倍,萝卜的6倍,苹果的17倍,1公斤干蘑菇所含蛋白质相当于2公斤瘦肉,3公斤鸡蛋或12公斤牛奶的蛋白量。食用菌中赖氨酸含很丰富,含有组成蛋白质的18种氨基酸,和人体所必需的8种微量元素。谷物食品中含量少的赖氨酸,食用菌中含量也相当丰富。食用菌脂肪含量很低,约占干品重量的0.2%-3.6%,而其中74-83%是人体健康有益的不饱和脂肪酸。食用菌还含有维生素,食用菌富含的VB1、V12,都高于肉类,草菇Vc含量为辣椒的1.2~2.8倍,是柚、橙的2~5倍,香菇的17倍。香菇Vd原含量高达128国际单位,是紫菜的8倍,甘薯的7倍,大豆的21倍。VD原经紫外线照射可转化为VD,促进对钙的吸收。食用菌还富含多种矿质元素:磷、钾、钠、钙、铁、锌、镁、锰、等及其他一些微量元素。银耳含有较多的磷,有助于恢复和提高大脑功能。香菇、木耳含铁量高。香菇的灰分元素中钾占65%,是碱性食物中的高级食品,可中和肉类食品产生的酸。
食用菌中含有生物活性物质,如:高分子多糖、β-葡萄糖和RNA复合体、天然有机锗、核酸降解物、cAMP和三萜类化合物等对维护人体健康有重要的利用价值。食用菌的药用保健价值有:①抗癌作用:食用菌的多糖体,能刺激抗体的形成,提高并调整机体内部的防御能力。能降低某些物质诱发肿瘤的发生率,并对多种化疗药物有增效作用。此外栗蘑中富含的有机硒,可作补硒食品,若长期食用,几乎可以防止一切癌变。②抗菌、抗病毒作用。③降血压、降血脂、抗血栓、抗心律失常、强心等。④健胃、助消化作用。⑤止咳平喘、祛痰作用。⑥利胆、保肝、解毒。⑦降血糖。⑧通便利尿。⑨免疫调节。
由此可见,食用菌对人体保健的重要性,因此,有越来越多的人将食用菌作为家庭煲汤或者烹制使用,食用菌也逐渐走进了普通人家。经研究发现,每种食用菌对应的功效是不同,每一种食用菌对应不同的功效,类似于中药。但是人们在食用食用菌的时候,只知道食用食用菌有益,也知道将食用菌混搭食用,可是并不讲究食用菌的配伍,而是随意食用或者是根据自己的喜好食用,导致没有最大程度地利用食用菌的养生特性,从而无法发挥食用菌的最佳效用和食用口感,效用和口感均较差。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有的家庭用食用菌组合物盲目搭配,食用效果和口感较差的缺陷,提供一种科学搭配、食用效果佳和口感好的食用菌家宴烹制组合物。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:食用菌家宴烹制组合物,包括主料和调味料,主料包括香菇菌、青杠菌、茶树菇、牛肝菌、球盖菌、老人头菌和松茸菌;调味料包括羊肚菌、松茸菌、牛肝菌、青杠菌、球盖菌、鸡枞菌、红葱菌、茶树菇、香菇、老人头菌、黑虎掌菌、黑牛肝菌、珊瑚菌、食用盐、白砂糖、麦芽糊精和香辛料。
采用本发明技术方案的食用菌家宴烹制组合物,主料作为家庭烹制的主要材料,其主要作用,而调味料作为调味品,一方面起增加主料食用口感的作用,另一方面,可增加主料的食用效果,发挥主料的最大效用。
主料中的香菇菌,即香菇,又名花菇、香蕈、香信、香菌、冬菇、香菰,为侧耳科植物香蕈的子实体,味道鲜美,香气沁人,营养丰富,香菇富含维生素B群、铁、钾、维生素D原(经日晒后转成维生素D)、味甘,性平,主治食欲减退,少气乏力。
青杠菌,又叫鸡丝菌,老鹰菌,生长在青杠树,水响树等树林中,青杠菌极为珍贵,富含肉桂酸甲酯,辛酮和辛醇三种芳香物质,干品含人体所需氨基酸为总量的10.66%。
茶树菇,含有人体所需的18种氨基酸,特别是含有人体所不能合成的8种氨基酸、葡聚糖、菌蛋白、碳水化合物等营养成分,其菇柄脆嫩爽口,味道清香。还有丰富的B族维生素和多种矿物质元素,如铁、钾、锌、硒等元素都高于其它菌类,中医认为该菇具有补肾、利尿、治腰酸痛、渗湿、健脾、止泻等功效,是高血压、心血管和肥胖症患者的理想食品。
牛肝菌,是牛肝菌科和松塔牛肝菌科等真菌的统称,是主要有白、黄、黑牛肝菌。常用的为黄牛肝菌,具有清热解烦、养血和中、助消化等药效。
白牛肝菌:又称大脚菇。牛肝菌富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素及钙、磷、铁等矿物质;牛肝菌是珍稀菌类,香味独特、营养丰富,有防病治病、强身健体的功能,特别对糖尿病有很好的疗效;此外,其水提物对小白鼠肉瘤S-180的生长有阻抑作用,对肉瘤S-180的抑制率为100%,对艾氏腹水癌的抑制率为90%,同时还有抗流感病毒、防治感冒的作用,是中国远销欧美的著名食用菌。牛肝菌具有祛风散寒、舒筋活络的功效;中医认为对贫血、体虚、头晕、耳鸣有功效。
球盖菌富含蛋白质、多糖、矿质元素、维生素等生物活性物质,氨基酸含量达17种,人体必需氨基酸齐全。
老人头菌含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸和多种矿物质及维生素,尤其是氨基酸品种比较齐全,还富含年轻态因子,其味辛性温,微酸,可治心脾暴病,补脾益肾、滋阴壮阳、理气排毒、健骨强身之功效,还可治气血两亏、神疲乏力、腰膝酸软、面色无华等中老年易得之症。
松茸菌,松茸菌营养丰富,还具有较高的药用价值,含有粗蛋白质17%,粗脂肪5.8%,可溶性无氮化台物61.5%,还含有丰富的维生素B1、B2、C、尼克酸钙、磷、铁等;松茸菌含有松茸醇、异松茸醇等药用成分,具强身、益肠胃、止痛、理气化痰、驱虫等功效。还有治疗糖尿病及抗癌等作用。
主料中的各种食用菌相配合,其食用味道以香菇菌和茶树菇为主,使青杠菌、牛肝菌、球盖菌、老人头菌和松茸菌的营养成分与香菇、茶树菇结合,富含人体所需蛋白质、微量元素及其氨基酸和其他有利于人体的元素,且各种菌的口感相融合,符合大众口味需求。
调味料的羊肚菌:羊肚菌又称羊肚菜、羊蘑、羊肚蘑。用于食积气滞、脘腹胀满、痰壅气逆喘咳。羊肚菌的营养相当丰富,据测定,羊肚菌含粗蛋白20%、粗脂肪26%、碳水化合物38.1%,还含有多种氨基酸,特别是谷氨酸含量高达1.76%。另外,据测定羊肚菌至少含有8种维生素:维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B12、烟酸、泛酸、吡哕醇、生物素、叶酸等。羊肚菌含抑制肿瘤的多糖,抗菌、抗病毒的活性成分,具有增强机体免疫力、抗疲劳、抗病毒、抑制肿瘤等诸多作用。羊肚菌所含丰富的硒是人体红细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化酶的组成成分,可运输大量氧分子来抑制恶性肿瘤,使癌细胞失活;另方面能加强维生素E的抗氧化作用。硒的抗氧化作用能改变致癌物的代方向,并通过结合而解毒,从而减少或消除致癌的危险。羊肚菌性平、味甘,具有益肠胃、消化助食、化痰理气、补肾、壮阳、补脑、提神之功能,对脾胃虚弱、消化不良、痰多气短、头晕失眠有良好的治疗作用。羊肚菌有机锗含量较高,具有强健身体、预防感冒、增强人体免疫力的功效。羊肚菌含有大量人体必需的矿质元素,每百克干样钾、磷含量是冬虫夏草的7倍和4倍,锌的含量是香菇的4.3倍、猴头的4倍;铁的含量是香菇的31倍、猴头的12倍等”。
鸡枞菌:又称鸡枞菌、鸡纵菌、鸡棕、鸡棕菌等。其营养丰富,尤其蛋白质的含量较高,蛋白质中含有20多种氨基酸,其中人体必需的8种氨基酸种类齐全。据分析,每100克鲜鸡枞菌含水92.61%,干物质7.39%。在干物质中,含粗蛋白34.94%,粗脂肪3.40%,粗纤维13.91%,可溶性糖4.5%,水解糖9.59%,灰分7.73%。在灰分中氧化钙为20.29%,磷4.62%,铁1.89%,锰0.08%。还含有麦角留醇和16种氨基酸以及维生素C。鸡枞具有较高的药用价值,鸡枞中含有治疗糖尿病的有效成分,对降低血糖有明显的效果。
红葱菌:红葱菌是牛肝菌的一种,可食用,富含蛋白质、碳水化合物,以及各种微量元素,有抗癌功效,属于高级营养品。
老人头菇:老人头菌又名仙人头。老人头菌含有丰富的蛋白质、氨基酸和多种矿物质及维生素,尤其是氨基酸品种比较齐全,还富含年轻态因子。中医认为老人头菌味辛性温,微酸,可治心脾暴病,补脾益肾、滋阴壮阳、理气排毒、健骨强身之功效,还可治气血两亏、神疲乏力、腰膝酸软、面色无华等中老年易得之症。减肥:低脂肪、低胆固醇、低热值,是天然的减肥食品。
黑虎掌菌:黑虎掌菌学名枣翘鳞肉齿菌,是著名的出口食用菌之一。据分析测定,其干品含17种氨基酸,其中有占总量41.46%的7种人体必需氨基酸,以及11种矿物质和微量元素。这种食用菌价值极高。中医认为:黑虎掌菌性平味甘,有追风散寒、降低胆固醇的作用,有舒筋活血之功效,益气补气、治风破血、和胃通便、降血压、解食物之毒、治头痛头昏等作用。现代医学认为,它能提高人体免疫功能,有抗癌、排毒、减肥、缓解肝硬化等功效,是理想的保健食品之一,民间也用其作壮阳之用。减肥:低脂肪、低胆固醇、低热值,是天然的减肥食品。其子实体有降低血中胆固醇的作用。药用可消炎并有抗癌作用,对小白鼠肉瘤180抑制率为96.8%。
黑牛肝菌:黑牛肝菌营养丰富,含有大量蛋白质和18种氨基酸,具有防癌止咳补气等功效,是减肥食用菌,对高血压,高胆固醇和高血脂等疾病有较好的功效,1,中医入药菌;入药有清热解烦,养血和中等功效。2,对贫血,体虚,头晕,耳鸣有功效。
珊瑚菌:珊瑚菌又名“扫帚菌”,鲜甜爽囗,含有亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、天门各氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、苏氨酸等15种氨基酸,其中有6种人体必需氨基酸,具有和胃现气、祛风、破血缓中等作用,对小白鼠肉癌S-180,艾氏癌的抑制率为70%。中医认为珊瑚菌具有补钙、镇静、防止人体钙流失、强劲壮骨、养血安神的食补功效。
其调味料,可磨为粉状,将其加入主料中,一方面增加主料的口感,将其调味料中食用菌口感加入至主料中,在未加入调味料中的食用菌本体时,可将其作为调料添加,使得口感更加丰富,另一方面,调味料中的食用菌粉与主料中的食用菌结合,使得主料中的食用菌有效成分更加丰富。而食用盐、白砂糖、麦芽糊精、香辛料作为常用的烹制食品常用调味料,增加汤品或者食物的口感,满足大众对口感的需求。
进一步,所述主料的质量份数为:香菇菌400-500g、青杠菌300-400g、茶树菇400-500g、黄牛肝菌300-400g、白牛肝菌300-400g、球盖菌300-400g、老人头菌300-400g、松茸菌200-300g。
进一步,所述的调味料的质量主料为:羊肚菌20-50g、松茸菌20-50g、牛肝菌20-50g、青杠菌20-50g、球盖菌20-50g、鸡枞菌20-50g、红葱菌20-50g、茶树菇20-50g、香菇20-50g、老人头菌20-50g、黑虎掌菌20-50g、黑牛肝菌20-50g、珊瑚菌20-50g、食用盐20-50g、白砂糖10-30g、麦芽糊精30-50g、香辛料30-60g。
进一步,所述主料的质量份数为:香菇菌450g、青杠菌450g、茶树菇450g、黄牛肝菌350g、白牛肝菌350g、球盖菌350g、老人头菌350g、松茸菌250g。
进一步,所述的调味料的质量主料为:羊肚菌30g、松茸菌30g、牛肝菌30g、青杠菌30g、球盖菌30g、鸡枞菌30g、红葱菌30g、茶树菇30g、香菇30g、老人头菌30g、黑虎掌菌30g、黑牛肝菌30g、珊瑚菌30g、食用盐30g、白砂糖20g、麦芽糊精40g、香辛料40g。
根据以上配料比例配置的烹制食用菌组合物,一方面使得营养均衡,符合人体对营养的需求,将各种菌类的营养调配均匀,避免某种营养过度浪费或者缺失;另一方面,由于各种菌类的食用口感差异,按照以上配比,则可适应大众的食用口感,避免由于个别菌种量大或者量少导致的口感难以适应。
具体实施方式
本发明食用菌家宴烹制组合物,其主料和调味料的各实施例如表1所示单位均为g:
以上述实施例三为例,说明本发明的制作及其效果。
在具体实施过程中,取香菇菌450g、青杠菌450g、茶树菇450g、黄牛肝菌350g、白牛肝菌350g、球盖菌350g、老人头菌350g、松茸菌250g干料分别拣选、秤取后包装为主料袋;取羊肚菌30g、松茸菌30g、牛肝菌30g、青杠菌30g、球盖菌30g、鸡枞菌30g、红葱菌30g、茶树菇30g、香菇30g、老人头菌30g、黑虎掌菌30g、黑牛肝菌30g、珊瑚菌30g干料,拣选、秤取后打粉后包装为第一调味料袋;取食用盐30g、白砂糖20g、麦芽糊精40g、香辛料40g混合后包装为第二调味料袋,再将主料袋、第一调味料袋和第二调味料袋包装于一个包装袋,为烹制料袋。
使用时,实现将烹制料袋中的主料袋中的食用菌取出,用开水浸泡20min后待用,将其作为烹制鸡汤使用,将一只1.5kg的老母鸡放置于砂锅中,加入生活用水以淹没老母鸡为标准,然后将浸泡过后的主料食用菌和其浸泡的食用菌水同时加入砂锅中,然后再将烹制料袋中的第一调味料袋和第二调味料袋中的调味料加入至砂锅中,大火烧至水开后20分钟,转小火熬制3h后即可。
采用本发明制成的鸡汤,味道鲜美,营养丰富。
以下为利用本发明实施例制作的鸡汤的有效成分含量,如表2所示,单位为g/100ml:
实施例一 | 实施例二 | 实施例三 | 实施例四 | 实施例五 | |
蛋白质 | 19.50 | 18.2 | 21.5 | 20.1 | 21.0 |
钙 | 29.1 | 30.5 | 35.2 | 33.0 | 31.2 |
铁 | 80.5 | 89.2 | 98.5 | 94.2 | 95.6 |
锌 | 32.1 | 35.2 | 40.5 | 36.8 | 37.2 |
天冬氨酸 | 1.56 | 2.45 | 3.25 | 1.25 | 2.56 |
丝氨酸 | 0.52 | 0.78 | 1.20 | 1.30 | 1.25 |
色氨酸 | 0.38 | 0.56 | 0.89 | 0.75 | 0.68 |
谷氨酸 | 1.89 | 1.58 | 2.45 | 1.889 | 1.78 |
甘氨酸 | 0.78 | 1.2 | 1.12 | 1.02 | 0.98 |
丙氨酸 | 0.89 | 1.12 | 1.45 | 0.98 | 1.11 |
半胱氨酸 | 0.21 | 0.52 | 0.68 | 0.78 | 0.89 |
缬氨酸 | 1.2 | 1.35 | 1.45 | 1.68 | 1.12 |
亮氨酸 | 0.89 | 1.45 | 1.56 | 1.78 | 1.55 |
精氨酸 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.56 | 1.78 | 1.28 |
赖氨酸 | 1.25 | 1.58 | 2.05 | 1.89 | 1.98 |
由表2可见,本发明实施例中的各营养成分丰富,符合人体所需营养成分的需求。
对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。
Claims (5)
1.食用菌家宴烹制组合物,其特征在于:包括主料和调味料,主料包括香菇菌、青杠菌、茶树菇、黄牛肝菌、白牛肝菌、球盖菌、老人头菌和松茸菌;
调味料包括羊肚菌、松茸菌、牛肝菌、青杠菌、球盖菌、鸡枞菌、红葱菌、茶树菇、香菇、老人头菌、黑虎掌菌、黑牛肝菌、珊瑚菌、食用盐、白砂糖、麦芽糊精和香辛料。
2.如权利要求1所述食用菌家宴烹制组合物,其特征在于:所述主料的质量份数为:香菇菌400-500g、青杠菌300-400g、茶树菇400-500g、黄牛肝菌300-400g、白牛肝菌300-400g、球盖菌300-400g、老人头菌300-400g、松茸菌200-300g。
3.如权利要求2所述食用菌家宴烹制组合物,其特征在于:所述的调味料的质量主料为:羊肚菌20-50g、松茸菌20-50g、牛肝菌20-50g、青杠菌20-50g、球盖菌20-50g、鸡枞菌20-50g、红葱菌20-50g、茶树菇20-50g、香菇20-50g、老人头菌20-50g、黑虎掌菌20-50g、黑牛肝菌20-50g、珊瑚菌20-50g、食用盐20-50g、白砂糖10-30g、麦芽糊精30-50g、香辛料30-60g。
4.如权利要求2所述食用菌家宴烹制组合物,其特征在于:所述主料的质量份数为:香菇菌450g、青杠菌450g、茶树菇450g、黄牛肝菌350g、白牛肝菌350g、球盖菌350g、老人头菌350g、松茸菌250g。
5.如权利要求3所述食用菌家宴烹制组合物,其特征在于:所述的调味料的质量主料为:羊肚菌30g、松茸菌30g、牛肝菌30g、青杠菌30g、球盖菌30g、鸡枞菌30g、红葱菌30g、茶树菇30g、香菇30g、老人头菌30g、黑虎掌菌30g、黑牛肝菌30g、珊瑚菌30g、食用盐30g、白砂糖20g、麦芽糊精40g、香辛料40g。
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