CN104472402A - Two-stage loach fry soilless culture method - Google Patents
Two-stage loach fry soilless culture method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-stage loach fry soilless culture method. Loach fries include two growth stages, culture from loach fry hatching to inch stage is performed in a 10-50m<2> anti-permeable film soilless culture pond in a greenhouse, culture from inch to 5cm is performed in a 100-500m<2> anti-permeable film soilless culture pond in the greenhouse, the influence of adverse weather such as rainy days is avoided by reasonably controlling various ecological factors, and the method has the advantages that loach fry survival rate is high, water quality is easily controlled, feed and labor cost are saved, pest and disease damage and natural enemy are reduced, growth speed is high, the applicable range is wide and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, relate to a kind of two-part educates loach fry method without earth culture specifically.
Background technology
The larger market space and profit margin make loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) aquaculture industry develop rapidly, mainly concentrate on the ground such as Jiangsu, Henan, Hubei, Shandong, Anhui and Sichuan, the seed that annual needs are a large amount of.But, current loach seedling is still fished for based on wild, artificial propagation seedling proportion minimum (less than 2%), riseing of the loach market price, will certainly cause the shortage of wild loach seedling, form vicious circle, cause foster loach cost to improve, and wild loach seedling efficiency of feed utilization is extremely low, feed coefficient is generally 4.0-6.0, have even up to 8.0, seriously constrain the sound development of loach breeding industry.
At present, the Juvenile stage of loach, hasten parturition, be fertilized, the technology such as hatching is very ripe, a lot of breeding farms, ground such as Anhui, Sichuan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Jiangsu can both large batch of production and provide loach water flower (body length is less than 1cm).But, loach seedling due to the long 1-3cm of body itself is in the transition tricky time being proceeded to intestinal respiration by gill respiration, harsh to requirement for environmental conditions, the influence factors such as parent's quality, hatching pattern, oxygenation method, open-mouthed bait, cultivation density, water quality, damage by disease and insect, pasture and water kind are too many, be difficult to Systematical control, " very little sheet is dead " problem is very outstanding, loach shoot survival percent extremely low (on average less than 10%) (Chen Zhaofang etc., 2012); In addition, because aquaculture model is extensive, the reason such as nutritional deficiency and natural enemy, the loach kind survival rate of 3-5cm also lower (accounting for an intelligence etc., 2012).Therefore, domestic loach scale seed rearing enterprise is still few, seldom for market is provided as the large gauge loach fry of long more than the 5cm of the higher body of motility rate.
Aborning, it is adopt following methods substantially that loach fry is cultivated: after waiting the flat trip of loach seedling or after loach seedling 7-10 age in days, loach seedling is proceeded to native pond and undertaken cultivating (Wang Weimin etc., 1998 by the conventional fry culturing technology of four large Chinese carps; Chang Guoliang etc., 2014), obvious this method cannot the problem of the various ecological factor of Systematical control and solution " very little sheet is dead ".Also people is had according to the life characteristic of loach fry at Different growth phases, explore " two step flow processs " loach training seedling method: namely seedling is without the growth by 8-10 days in native net cage, reach about 1cm, then proceeded to native pond rearing, loach physique in seedling stage can be strengthened, accelerate growth rate, improve survival rate (Guan Changbao, Wang Guanggui, 2014), but the method cannot solve the problem of Changes in weather (as rained) and " very little sheet is dead " equally.Therefore, the breeding method of loach fry demands perfection urgently.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of two-part to educate the method for loach fry without earth culture, and the method comprises the steps:
(1) loach seedling hatches cultivation 10-50m in booth in very little sheet stage
2carry out in the antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond of rice;
(2) very little sheet is to cultivation 100-500m in booth in 5cm stage
2antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond in carry out.
Specifically, a kind of two-part of the present invention educates the method for loach fry without earth culture, comprise the steps:
(1) loach seedling hatches cultivation 10-50m in booth in very little sheet stage
2carrying out in the antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond of rice, progressively supplementing the free of contamination motor-pumped well water through tanning by the sun, and timely rare seedling;
(2) very little sheet is to cultivation 100-500m in booth in 5cm stage
2antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond in carry out, before a loach cun sheet is put in a suitable place to breed, within 5-7 days, inject free of contamination river or reservoir water.
In particular, in step (1),
10-50m in booth
2inject the free of contamination motor-pumped well water through tanning by the sun in the antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond of rice, the depth of water remains on 15-20cm, and later every day progressively supplements the motor-pumped well water through tanning by the sun, and the depth of water controls at 30-50 centimetre, and keeps miniflow water;
From loach seedling is hatched the 6th day, in same booth, according to the suitable rare seedling of culturing pool seed density, loach seedling density is made to be 2000-3000 tail/m
2.
In step (2), very little sheet renders to 100-500m
2antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond in density be 100-300 tail/m
2, full pool spilling head 0.4g/m before lower seedling
3removing toxic substances stress spirit, to alleviate the stress reaction of loach cun sheet.
In particular, a kind of two-part of the present invention educates the method for loach fry without earth culture, 10-50m in booth
2in the antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond of rice, loach parent is had an injection and hastens parturition out after ovum, remove loach parent, utilize the method for Lentic hatching that incubating oosperm is gone out seedling, adopt Rational Stocking pasture and water, regulating water quality, middle suitable rare seedling, to throw something and feed the technical measures such as bait and prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time, in 20-25 days, make loach seedling body long 3cm and about body weight 0.2-0.3g.Then, the loach seedling of long for body 3cm is moved into 100-500m in booth
2in the antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond of rice, adopt rich water, the technical measures such as feed and live bait of throwing something and feeding, grow to body long 5cm and about body weight 1-2g through about 25-30 days loach seedlings.
The all processes that this invention provides a kind of two-part to educate loach fry method without earth culture is as follows:
Loach seedling hatches soil-less breeding pond specification and the process in very little sheet stage: the high density polyethylene (HDPE) antiseepage film of layer overlay thickness 0.2-1 millimeter on the Tu Chi put in order in booth, each without native pool area 10-50m
2, high 60-80cm, Di Weiyi inclined-plane, pond, lowest part 10cm lower than highest point, and discharge outlet is set at lowest part.Within 1 day before loach parent hastens parturition, put the free of contamination motor-pumped well water through tanning by the sun, depth of water 15-20cm.
Loach seedling hatches the cultivation in very little sheet stage: 10-50m in booth
2in the antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond of rice, loach parent (every square metre of 10-20 tail, sex ration is 1:2) is had an injection and hastens parturition out after ovum, remove loach parent, utilize the method for Lentic hatching that incubating oosperm is gone out seedling.Every day progressively supplements the motor-pumped well water through tanning by the sun, and the depth of water controls at 30-50 centimetre, and keeps miniflow water, and water temperature controls at 18 DEG C-30 DEG C, and temperature is too high will add a cover sunshade net.Pasture and water are based on water lettuce (Pistiastratiotes L.), and its area does not exceed 1/3 of the water surface.Seedling hatches beginning in the 3rd day, according to water quality situation, every day supplements yolk, milk powder, wheel animalcule, cladocera and powdery compound feed (protein content is more than 40%) in time, and soya-bean milk of splashing, timely employing herbal control Trichodina, the often for oral administration or pre-preventing disease and pest of water splashing allicin.Seedling hatches beginning in the 6th day, according to culturing pool seed density suitable rare seedling in same booth, makes loach seedling density be 2000-3000 tail/m
2.Through the cultivation of 20-25 days, loach seedling body reached about 3cm (body weight is about 0.2-0.3g).
Very little sheet is to the soil-less breeding pond specification in 5cm stage and process: the high density polyethylene (HDPE) antiseepage film of layer overlay thickness 0.2-1 millimeter on the Tu Chi put in order in booth, each without native pool area 100-500m
2, high 80-100cm, Di Weiyi inclined-plane, pond, lowest part 10-15cm lower than highest point, and discharge outlet is set at lowest part.Before a loach loach cun sheet is put in a suitable place to breed, within 5-7 days, inject free of contamination river or reservoir water, add double-deck 100 order screen cloths at water inlet during water filling and filter, depth of water 40-60cm, applies the fertilizer 1kg/m become thoroughly decomposed simultaneously
3.
Very little sheet is to the cultivation in 5cm stage: the input density of very little sheet is 100-300 tail/m
2to note before lower seedling regulating the temperature difference (the water body temperature difference does not exceed 2 DEG C), full pool spilling head once detoxify stress spirit (0.4 gram, water per ton), use povidone iodine (0.2 gram, water per ton) to carry out water body disinfection simultaneously, chlorine dioxide (0.3 gram, water per ton) is used to carry out water body disinfection once after 10 days again, water plants is based on water spinach, and its area does not exceed 1/3 of the water surface.Nurturing period, water temperature requires to be no more than 33 DEG C, pH6.5-9.0, dissolved oxygen 4-9 mg/litre, ammonia nitrogen 0.2-1.0 mg/litre, and nitrite is less than 0.1 mg/litre, and science is thrown something and fed feed, in time pre-preventing disease and pest, and suitable supplementing water silk earthworm.Through about 25-30 days, loach seedling grew to body long 5cm and about body weight 1-2g.
Principle of the present invention is: according to the life characteristic of loach fry at Different growth phases, the especially difficult problem of the overcast and rainy dead seedling of solution, loach fry is divided into two vegetative stages, namely loach seedling hatches very little sheet (about 3cm, start to exercise intestinal respiration) between be a vegetative stage, it is another vegetative stage between very little sheet to 5cm, the loach fry in these two stages is put in a suitable place to breed in the antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond of different area in booth respectively, the various ecological factor of conservative control, overcome the drawback that current loach fry breeding method exists, there is loach fry survival rate high, water quality easily regulates and controls, save feed and labour costs, damage by disease and insect and natural enemy few, the feature such as fast growth and wide accommodation.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, loach fry is cultivated in plastic tunnel, reduces the harm of the various natural enemies such as dragonfly, kyllinga brevifolia, bird to greatest extent, and broken away from the overcast and rainy impact waiting adverse weather, and in booth, water temperature is relatively high, and loach seedling growth rate is improved, physique strengthens; Loach fry be divided into two vegetative stages to be cultivated according to different technologies measure, seed is grown under adapt circumstance condition; In addition, except except rare seedling suitable in same booth, hatch from loach seedling namely the very little seedling stage is proceeded to intestinal respiration transition tricky time by gill respiration, loach seedling grows substantially in a pond, decreases artificial disturbance, overcomes the difficult problem of " very little sheet is dead ".Therefore, loach shoot survival percent of the present invention is higher than prior art, and loach seedling grows to long about the 5cm survival rate of body more than 30%.
2, whole cultivating process adopts soil-less breeding, and efficiency of feed utilization is high, saves feed cost, and change water relatively more thorough, water quality easily regulates and controls.Particularly, soil-less breeding pond is drawn in the net conveniently, and draining is thoroughly clean, and loach fry is fished for results and is very easy to, and saves labour costs.
3, loach fry is cultivated in plastic tunnel, it is higher that water temperature can regulate and control, mid-March (general nursery is before and after May) can be advanceed in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River nursery in spring, nursery in autumn can extend to late November (general nursery terminates by the end of September), widen seedling raise period, greatly shift to an earlier date to the market supply large size seedling seed time, improve economic benefit.
4, wide accommodation, to soil quality not requirement, can both adopt the technology of the present invention to cultivate loach fry in the lower northeast of China's mean temperature of air and west area.
Embodiment
With specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:
Embodiment 1
Implement place: Yancheng City Sheyang County of Jiangsu Province.The enforcement time: in April, 2014-June.On the Tu Chi put in order in booth, the high density polyethylene (HDPE) antiseepage film (Shanghai be full of sail) of layer overlay thickness 0.3 millimeter, each without native pool area 20m
2, high 80cm, Di Weiyi inclined-plane, pond, lowest part 10cm lower than highest point, and discharge outlet is set at lowest part.Within 1 day before loach parent hastens parturition, put the motor-pumped well water 20cm through tanning by the sun.The loach parent (each without male loach 160 tail of Tu Chi, female loach 80 tail) that locality cultivates being had an injection hastens parturition out after ovum, removes loach parent, utilizes the method for Lentic hatching that incubating oosperm is gone out seedling.Every day progressively supplements the motor-pumped well water through tanning by the sun, and the depth of water controls at 45 centimetres, and keeps miniflow water, and water temperature controls at 22 DEG C-30 DEG C, and temperature is too high will add a cover sunshade net.Loach seedling hatches rear input water lettuce, and its area is 1/4 of the water surface.Seedling hatches beginning in the 3rd day, and according to water quality situation, every day supplements yolk, milk powder, wheel animalcule, cladocera and powdery compound feed (protein content is more than 40%) in time, and soya-bean milk of splashing, carry out extermination of disease and insect pest work.Seedling hatches beginning in the 6th day, according to culturing pool seed density suitable rare seedling in same booth, makes loach seedling density be 2500 tails/m
2left and right.Through the cultivation of 22 days, each without Tu Chi production loach seedling 2.1 ten thousand tail, every urosome long average 2.9cm, weight average 0.25g.
As above very little sheet is placed in the high density polyethylene (HDPE) antiseepage film of in booth 0.35 millimeter in time without Tu Chi, each without native pool area 200m
2, high 100cm, Di Weiyi inclined-plane, pond, lowest part 15cm lower than highest point, and discharge outlet is set at lowest part.Before a loach loach cun sheet is put in a suitable place to breed, within 7 days, inject free of contamination river or reservoir water, add double-deck 100 order screen cloths at water inlet during water filling and filter, depth of water 50cm, applies the chicken manure 1kg/m become thoroughly decomposed simultaneously
3.Very little sheet throws in density 250 tails/m
2to note before lower seedling regulating the temperature difference (the water body temperature difference does not exceed 2 DEG C), full pool spilling head once detoxify stress spirit (0.4 gram, water per ton), use povidone iodine (0.2 gram, water per ton) to carry out water body disinfection simultaneously, chlorine dioxide (0.3 gram, water per ton) is used to carry out water body disinfection once after 10 days again, water plants is water spinach, and its area is 1/3 of the water surface.Nurturing period, water temperature is no more than 32 DEG C, pH6.5-9.0, dissolved oxygen 4-9 mg/litre, ammonia nitrogen 0.2-1.0 mg/litre, and nitrite is less than 0.1 mg/litre, and science is thrown something and fed feed, in time pre-preventing disease and pest, and suitable supplementing water silk earthworm.Through about 25 days, loach seedling grew to average body long 5cm and about average weight 1.8g.
Above-mentioned production period, loach fry survival rate is 35%.
Embodiment 2
Implement place: Suzhou, Jiangsu Province Changshu City.The enforcement time: in August, 2014-October.On the Tu Chi put in order in booth, the high density polyethylene (HDPE) antiseepage film (Shanghai be full of sail) of layer overlay thickness 0.32 millimeter, each without native pool area 18m
2, high 70cm, Di Weiyi inclined-plane, pond, lowest part 10cm lower than highest point, and discharge outlet is set at lowest part.Within 1 day before loach parent hastens parturition, put the motor-pumped well water 16cm through tanning by the sun.The loach parent (each need male loach 140 tail without Tu Chi, female loach 70 tail) cultivated locality has an injection and hastens parturition out after ovum, removes loach parent, utilizes the method for Lentic hatching that incubating oosperm is gone out seedling.Every day progressively supplements the motor-pumped well water through tanning by the sun, and the depth of water controls at 40 centimetres, and keeps miniflow water, and water temperature controls at 20 DEG C-30 DEG C.Loach seedling hatches rear input water lettuce, and its area is 1/3 of the water surface.Seedling hatches beginning in the 3rd day, and according to water quality situation, every day supplements yolk, milk powder, wheel animalcule, cladocera and powdery compound feed (protein content is more than 40%) in time, and soya-bean milk of splashing, carry out extermination of disease and insect pest work.Seedling hatches beginning in the 6th day, according to culturing pool seed density suitable rare seedling in same booth, makes loach seedling density be 2000 tails/m
2left and right.Through the cultivation of 25 days, each without Tu Chi production loach seedling 1.4 ten thousand tail, every urosome long average 3.0cm, weight average 0.28g.
As above very little sheet is placed in the high density polyethylene (HDPE) antiseepage film of in booth 0.35 millimeter in time without Tu Chi, each without native pool area 250m
2, high 80cm, Di Weiyi inclined-plane, pond, lowest part 15cm lower than highest point, and discharge outlet is set at lowest part.Before a loach loach cun sheet is put in a suitable place to breed, within 5 days, inject free of contamination river or reservoir water, add double-deck 100 order screen cloths at water inlet during water filling and filter, depth of water 50cm, applies the pig manure 1kg/m become thoroughly decomposed simultaneously
3.Very little sheet throws in density 200 tails/m
2to note before lower seedling regulating the temperature difference (the water body temperature difference does not exceed 2 DEG C), full pool spilling head once detoxify stress spirit (0.4 gram, water per ton), use povidone iodine (0.2 gram, water per ton) to carry out water body disinfection simultaneously, chlorine dioxide (0.3 gram, water per ton) is used to carry out water body disinfection once after 10 days again, water plants is water spinach, and its area is 1/3 of the water surface.Nurturing period, water temperature is no more than 32 DEG C, pH6.5-8.5, dissolved oxygen 4-9 mg/litre, ammonia nitrogen 0.2-1.0 mg/litre, and nitrite is less than 0.1 mg/litre, and science is thrown something and fed feed, in time pre-preventing disease and pest, and suitable supplementing water silk earthworm.Through 30 days, loach seedling grew to average body long 5cm and average weight 2g.
Above-mentioned production period, loach fry survival rate is 32%.
Claims (4)
1. two-part educates a method for loach fry without earth culture, it is characterized in that suddenly being made up of the following steps:
(1) loach seedling hatches cultivation 10-50m in booth in very little sheet stage
2carry out in the antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond of rice;
(2) very little sheet is to cultivation 100-500m in booth in 5cm stage
2antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond in carry out.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond, the free of contamination motor-pumped well water through tanning by the sun is injected in step (1), the depth of water remains on 15-20cm, later every day progressively supplements the motor-pumped well water through tanning by the sun, the depth of water controls at 30-50 centimetre, and keeps miniflow water.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1) from loach seedling is hatched the 6th day, in same booth, according to the suitable rare seedling of culturing pool seed density, makes loach seedling density be 2000-3000 tail/m
2.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), cun sheet density rendered in antiseepage film soil-less breeding pond is 100-300 tail/m
2, full pool spilling head 0.4g/m before lower seedling
3removing toxic substances stress spirit.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN109699534A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-05-03 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method of loach fry cultivation |
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Application publication date: 20150401 |