A kind of grafting cultivation method of Citrullus vulgaris
Technical field:
The present invention relates to application field, be specifically related to the grafting cultivation side of a kind of Citrullus vulgaris
Method.
Background technology:
China is the Citrullus vulgaris place of production maximum in the world, and watermelon flesh (flesh) has clearing away summer-heat, solution
The effects such as excessive thirst, diuresis, alcoholic intoxication, can be used to control all heat symptom-complexs, summer-heat excessive thirst, little
The most unfavorable, have sore throat, stomatitis, drunk.Additionally, Semen Citrulli has lung heat clearing lung moistening effect.
Citrullus vulgaris is that a kind of implantation time is short, the industrial crops of instant effect, high efficiency, therefore, and I
State is since the eighties, and cultivating watermelon area constantly expands, and the soil of suitable planting Citrullus vulgaris
Limited area, thus force the Citrullus vulgaris period of crop-rotation to shorten, thus it is several to cause watermelon blight to occur
Rate is greatly increased, and this has become the big obstacle having a strong impact on Citrullus vulgaris industry, and uses Grafting
The Grafting watermelon cultivation of root can be effectively prevented the dead root and stem of certain plants phenomenon caused because of watermelon blight, makes
Citrullus vulgaris can continuous cropping, stablize old melon producing region and the cultivated area of protecting field Citrullus vulgaris, therefore, we
Continuous cropping plot must be carried out grafting cultivation.
Summary of the invention:
It is an object of the invention to provide the grafting cultivation method of a kind of Citrullus vulgaris, the grafting of the method
Survival rate is high, it is possible to achieve the continuous cropping of growth of watermelon is increased production and increases income, it is also possible to promote melon Seedling
Fast-growth, improves the resistance of Citrullus vulgaris, and in the course of cultivation, Fertilizer application amount greatly reduces,
Save the cultivation cost of Citrullus vulgaris.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
The grafting cultivation method of a kind of Citrullus vulgaris, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of stock:
Selection Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae is stock, is soaked by Pumpkin Seed in 3% trisodium phosphate solution, with clear
Water is cleaned, accelerating germination, sowing, broadcasts sowing during sowing in seedbed, and overlying soil on seed,
After coming up, control greenhouse temperature and be 20-25 DEG C, within every 3-5 days, water 1 time;
(2) cultivation of scion:
Use warm water soaking seed, clean, accelerating germination, sow when bud grows to 2cm, during sowing
Directly it is sown on seedbed, and covers upper soil layer, be then covered by last layer breathable film, treat
Emerge more than 85% time remove thin film, after emerging, within every 3-5 days, water 1 time;
(3) grafting:
Being removed by stock lobus cardiacus, arteries and veins in the cotyledon of stock side, along the endepidermis bamboo let of plumular axis
The hole of oblique cutting one deep about 7-10 millimeter, takes the scion Seedling without root, by the two panels of scion Seedling
Leaf closes up to be clutched, and cuts down by blade 1-1.5 centimeters under cotyledon, a length of 3-5mm of tangent plane,
Take out the bamboo let in stock, scion bevel is inserted down in the hole of stock, stock and scion Seedling
Cotyledon is decussation, and the grafting grafted inserts bamboo bow thin film and covers tightly;
(4) managing after grafting:
Regulation temperature indoor temperature, daytime 24-25 DEG C, night 20-23 DEG C, after grafting one week,
Interface heals, and the adventitious bud that stock cotyledonary node is sprouted excises at any time, and it is true that spike length waiting goes out 3-5 sheet
Ye Shi, fertilizing, watering, and scion true leaf is sprayed humic acid solution.
Preferred as technique scheme, in step (1), the soak time of Pumpkin Seed is
5-6 hour.
Preferred as technique scheme, in step (1) overlying soil thickness be
3-5cm。
Preferred as technique scheme, in step (1), the time of sowing is the long 1cm of radicle
Time sowing.
Preferred as technique scheme, the water temperature soaking seed in step (2) is 40-50
℃。
Preferred as technique scheme, in step (2), the thickness of overlying soil is 1cm.
Preferred as technique scheme, the fertilizer applied during fertilising in step (4) is phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium and ammonium nitrate.
Preferred as technique scheme, the humic acid solution sprayed in step (4) dense
Degree is 30%.
The method have the advantages that
The present invention uses Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae as stock, and its root system absorption ability of nutrient is relatively strong, and its root amount and suction
Receive area and substantially exceed Citrullus vulgaris, decrease the usage amount of fertilizer during cultivating watermelon, it is also possible to
Improve the yield of Citrullus vulgaris;
Grafting is sprayed humic acid solution by the present invention, and the light cooperation of grafting is greatly facilitated
With, it is provided that the nutrition needed for growing to grafting, promote the fast-growth of grafting.
Detailed description of the invention:
For a better understanding of the present invention, below by embodiment, the present invention is further described, real
Execute example to be served only for explaining the present invention, the present invention will not be constituted any restriction.
Embodiment 1
The grafting cultivation method of a kind of Citrullus vulgaris, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of stock:
Selection Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae is stock, is soaked 5 hours by Pumpkin Seed in 3% trisodium phosphate solution,
Clean with clear water, accelerating germination, sow when radicle grows to 1cm, broadcast sowing in seedbed during sowing,
And on seed, cover the thick soil layer of 3cm, after coming up, controlling greenhouse temperature is 20
DEG C, within every 3 days, water 1 time;
(2) cultivation of scion:
With the warm water soaking seed of 40 DEG C, clean, accelerating germination, sow when bud grows to 2cm,
Directly it is sown on seedbed during sowing, and covers upper soil layer thick for 1cm, be then covered by one
Layer breathable film, wait emerge more than 85% time remove thin film, after emerging, within every 3 days, water 1
Secondary;
(3) grafting:
Being removed by stock lobus cardiacus, arteries and veins in the cotyledon of stock side, along the endepidermis bamboo let of plumular axis
The hole that oblique cutting one is deep about 7 millimeters, takes the scion Seedling without root, by the two panels leaf of scion Seedling
Close up and clutch, cut down by blade 1 centimeters under cotyledon, a length of 3mm of tangent plane, take out anvil
Bamboo let in wood, inserts in the hole of stock down by scion bevel, stock and scion young plant leaf in
Decussation, the grafting grafted inserts bamboo bow thin film and covers tightly;
(4) managing after grafting:
Regulation temperature indoor temperature, daytime 24 DEG C, night 20 DEG C, after grafting one week, interface is more
Closing, the adventitious bud that stock cotyledonary node is sprouted excises at any time, removes when scion starts to grow young leaves
Binding, when spike length waiting goes out 3 true leaves, every mu of ground applies potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium nitrate
100kg, and be the humic acid solution of 30% to scion true leaf spray concentration.
Embodiment 2
The grafting cultivation method of a kind of Citrullus vulgaris, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of stock:
Selection Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae is stock, is soaked 6 hours by Pumpkin Seed in 3% trisodium phosphate solution,
Clean with clear water, accelerating germination, sow when radicle grows to 1cm, broadcast sowing in seedbed during sowing,
And on seed, cover the thick soil layer of 5cm, after coming up, controlling greenhouse temperature is 25
DEG C, within every 5 days, water 1 time;
(2) cultivation of scion:
With the warm water soaking seed of 50 DEG C, clean, accelerating germination, sow when bud grows to 2cm,
Directly it is sown on seedbed during sowing, and covers upper soil layer thick for 1cm, be then covered by one
Layer breathable film, wait emerge more than 85% time remove thin film, after emerging, within every 5 days, water 1
Secondary;
(3) grafting:
Being removed by stock lobus cardiacus, arteries and veins in the cotyledon of stock side, along the endepidermis bamboo let of plumular axis
The hole that oblique cutting one is deep about 10 millimeters, takes the scion Seedling without root, by the two panels leaf of scion Seedling
Son closes up to be clutched, and cuts down by blade 1.5 centimeters under cotyledon, a length of 5mm of tangent plane, takes out
Bamboo let in stock, inserts in the hole of stock down by scion bevel, stock and scion young plant leaf
In decussation, the grafting grafted inserts bamboo bow thin film and covers tightly;
(4) managing after grafting:
Regulation temperature indoor temperature, daytime 25 DEG C, night 23 DEG C, after grafting one week, interface is more
Closing, the adventitious bud that stock cotyledonary node is sprouted excises at any time, removes when scion starts to grow young leaves
Binding, when spike length waiting goes out 5 true leaves, every mu of ground applies potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium nitrate
200kg, and be the humic acid solution of 30% to scion true leaf spray concentration.
Embodiment 3
The grafting cultivation method of a kind of Citrullus vulgaris, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of stock:
Selection Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae is stock, is soaked 5 hours by Pumpkin Seed in 3% trisodium phosphate solution,
Clean with clear water, accelerating germination, sow when radicle grows to 1cm, broadcast sowing in seedbed during sowing,
And on seed, cover the thick soil layer of 4cm, after coming up, controlling greenhouse temperature is 21
DEG C, within every 4 days, water 1 time;
(2) cultivation of scion:
With the warm water soaking seed of 42 DEG C, clean, accelerating germination, sow when bud grows to 2cm,
Directly it is sown on seedbed during sowing, and covers upper soil layer thick for 1cm, be then covered by one
Layer breathable film, wait emerge more than 85% time remove thin film, after emerging, within every 4 days, water 1
Secondary;
(3) grafting:
Being removed by stock lobus cardiacus, arteries and veins in the cotyledon of stock side, along the endepidermis bamboo let of plumular axis
The hole that oblique cutting one is deep about 8 millimeters, takes the scion Seedling without root, by the two panels leaf of scion Seedling
Close up and clutch, cut down by blade 1.1 centimeters under cotyledon, a length of 4mm of tangent plane, take out anvil
Bamboo let in wood, inserts in the hole of stock down by scion bevel, stock and scion young plant leaf in
Decussation, the grafting grafted inserts bamboo bow thin film and covers tightly;
(4) managing after grafting:
Regulation temperature indoor temperature, daytime 24 DEG C, night 21 DEG C, after grafting one week, interface is more
Closing, the adventitious bud that stock cotyledonary node is sprouted excises at any time, removes when scion starts to grow young leaves
Binding, when spike length waiting goes out 4 true leaves, every mu of ground applies potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium nitrate
120kg, and be the humic acid solution of 30% to scion true leaf spray concentration.
Embodiment 4
The grafting cultivation method of a kind of Citrullus vulgaris, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of stock:
Selection Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae is stock, is soaked 6 hours by Pumpkin Seed in 3% trisodium phosphate solution,
Clean with clear water, accelerating germination, sow when radicle grows to 1cm, broadcast sowing in seedbed during sowing,
And on seed, cover the thick soil layer of 5cm, after coming up, controlling greenhouse temperature is 22
DEG C, within every 5 days, water 1 time;
(2) cultivation of scion:
With the warm water soaking seed of 44 DEG C, clean, accelerating germination, sow when bud grows to 2cm,
Directly it is sown on seedbed during sowing, and covers upper soil layer thick for 1cm, be then covered by one
Layer breathable film, wait emerge more than 85% time remove thin film, after emerging, within every 5 days, water 1
Secondary;
(3) grafting:
Being removed by stock lobus cardiacus, arteries and veins in the cotyledon of stock side, along the endepidermis bamboo let of plumular axis
The hole that oblique cutting one is deep about 9 millimeters, takes the scion Seedling without root, by the two panels leaf of scion Seedling
Close up and clutch, cut down by blade 1.2 centimeters under cotyledon, a length of 5mm of tangent plane, take out anvil
Bamboo let in wood, inserts in the hole of stock down by scion bevel, stock and scion young plant leaf in
Decussation, the grafting grafted inserts bamboo bow thin film and covers tightly;
(4) managing after grafting:
Regulation temperature indoor temperature, daytime 24 DEG C, night 22 DEG C, after grafting one week, interface is more
Closing, the adventitious bud that stock cotyledonary node is sprouted excises at any time, removes when scion starts to grow young leaves
Binding, when spike length waiting goes out 5 true leaves, every mu of ground applies potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium nitrate
140kg, and be the humic acid solution of 30% to scion true leaf spray concentration.
Embodiment 5
The grafting cultivation method of a kind of Citrullus vulgaris, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of stock:
Selection Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae is stock, is soaked 5 hours by Pumpkin Seed in 3% trisodium phosphate solution,
Clean with clear water, accelerating germination, sow when radicle grows to 1cm, broadcast sowing in seedbed during sowing,
And on seed, cover the thick soil layer of 3cm, after coming up, controlling greenhouse temperature is 23
DEG C, within every 3 days, water 1 time;
(2) cultivation of scion:
With the warm water soaking seed of 48 DEG C, clean, accelerating germination, sow when bud grows to 2cm,
Directly it is sown on seedbed during sowing, and covers upper soil layer thick for 1cm, be then covered by one
Layer breathable film, wait emerge more than 85% time remove thin film, after emerging, within every 5 days, water 1
Secondary;
(3) grafting:
Being removed by stock lobus cardiacus, arteries and veins in the cotyledon of stock side, along the endepidermis bamboo let of plumular axis
The hole that oblique cutting one is deep about 9 millimeters, takes the scion Seedling without root, by the two panels leaf of scion Seedling
Close up and clutch, cut down by blade 1.4 centimeters under cotyledon, a length of 5mm of tangent plane, take out anvil
Bamboo let in wood, inserts in the hole of stock down by scion bevel, stock and scion young plant leaf in
Decussation, the grafting grafted inserts bamboo bow thin film and covers tightly;
(4) managing after grafting:
Regulation temperature indoor temperature, daytime 24 DEG C, night 22 DEG C, after grafting one week, interface is more
Closing, the adventitious bud that stock cotyledonary node is sprouted excises at any time, removes when scion starts to grow young leaves
Binding, when spike length waiting goes out 5 true leaves, every mu of ground applies potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium nitrate
180kg, and be the humic acid solution of 30% to scion true leaf spray concentration.
The Citrullus vulgaris that the cultural method providing the present invention obtains is tracked investigation, and investigation index is
Yield and grafting survival rate, survey result is as follows:
Table 1
From the point of view of table 1, the grafting cultivation method of the Citrullus vulgaris that the present invention provides, grafting survival rate
Height, the yield of watermelon is the highest.