CN104448486B - 一种可用于湿热环境的电线绝缘料的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种可用于湿热环境的电线绝缘料的制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于电力材料领域，公开了一种可用于湿热环境的电线绝缘料的制备工艺，其包括如下步骤，步骤1）称取原料，步骤2）制备改性剂以及步骤3）熔融和注塑成型。本发明制备工艺简单，原料配伍合理，成本低廉，适合大规模工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电力材料加工领域，具体涉及一种可用于湿热环境的电线绝缘料的制备工艺。
背景技术
电线(electric cable;power cable)通常是由几根或几组导线（每组至少两根）围绕一根中心绞合而成，其形状类似绳索，同时外层覆盖高度绝缘层。电线有电力电线、控制电线、补偿电线、屏蔽电线、高温电线、计算机电线、信号电线、同轴电线、耐火电线、船用电线、矿用电线、铝合金电线等等。它们都是由单股或多股导线和绝缘层组成，用来连接电路、电器等。
电线绝缘外层主要用于保护内层导线，目前大多采用聚氯乙烯电线料，它是以PVC树脂为基础,加入各种配合剂的多组份混合材料。由于它机械性能优越、耐气候性好、有优良的电气绝缘性能、加工容易和成本低廉等优点，因此被广泛用于电线的绝缘和护层材料。但是目前市场上的电线料仍然存在缺陷，有的防潮效果差，容易发生漏电，有的防霉抗菌效果不好，不能长时间应用到湿热环境中，而且人们在使用电线时，非常容易感染霉菌，影响人们的健康。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术存在的不足，提供了一种可用于湿热环境的电线绝缘料的制备工艺；本发明工艺简单可行，其制备的电线料不但具备较好的绝缘性能和机械性能，还具备一定的防霉防潮抗菌性能，能够长久应用于湿热环境中。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明是通过如下技术方按案来实现的：
一种可用于湿热环境的电线绝缘料的制备工艺，其包括如下步骤：
步骤1）：称取原料：按照重量份称取各原料备用；聚乙烯80-90份，聚氯乙烯30-40份，双酚A型环氧树脂13-15份，双酚F型环氧树脂13-15份，γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷10-12份，环氧脂肪酸辛酯8-10份，凹凸棒土6-7份，聚二甲基硅氧烷5-6份，双环戊二烯5-6份，十溴二苯乙烷4-5份，石墨粉3-4份，氮化铝粉2-3份，碳化硅粉1-2份，高岭土1-2份，海藻酸钠1-2份，云母石粉1-2份；
步骤2）：制备改性剂：将凹凸棒土，石墨粉，氮化铝粉，碳化硅粉，高岭土，海藻酸钠，以及云母石粉投入到搅拌机中，搅拌均匀，然后投入到反应罐中，反应罐的温度控制在80℃左右，保温反应10min，即得改性剂；
步骤3）熔融和注塑成型：将步骤2）得到的改性剂，聚乙烯，聚氯乙烯，双酚A型环氧树脂，双酚F型环氧树脂，γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷，环氧脂肪酸辛酯，聚二甲基硅氧烷，双环戊二烯以及十溴二苯乙烷依次投入到离心机中，1000转/min离心搅拌5分钟，混合均匀后，进入双螺杆挤出机挤压成熔融状态，待混料完全熔融后挤出到注塑机中，在300℃下注塑成型即得。
优选地，所述凹凸棒土，石墨粉，氮化铝粉，碳化硅粉，高岭土，海藻酸钠，以及云母石粉的粒径控制在200目以上；
本发明的导线可以根据需要选择常规的导线，例如铜导线或铝导线等。
本发明取得的有益效果主要包括：
本发明工艺制备的绝缘料具备较好的绝缘性能和机械性能，还具备一定的防霉防潮抗菌性能，能够长久应用于湿热环境中，不会影响人们的健康，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率变化小，使用寿命长，具备较好的安全性能；本发明通过添加多种辅助原料助剂，改善了一些材料本身的缺陷，提高了防潮抗菌性能；本发明制备工艺简单，原料配伍合理，成本低廉，适合大规模工业化生产。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请中的技术方案，下面将结合本申请具体实施例，对本发明进行更加清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种可用于湿热环境的电线绝缘料的制备工艺，其包括如下步骤：
步骤1）：按照重量份称取各原料备用；聚乙烯80份，聚氯乙烯30份，双酚A型环氧树脂13份，双酚F型环氧树脂13份，γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷10份，环氧脂肪酸辛酯8份，凹凸棒土6份，聚二甲基硅氧烷5份，双环戊二烯5份，十溴二苯乙烷4份，石墨粉3份，氮化铝粉2份，碳化硅粉1份，高岭土1份，海藻酸钠1份，云母石粉1份；
所述凹凸棒土，石墨粉，氮化铝粉，碳化硅粉，高岭土，海藻酸钠，以及云母石粉的粒径控制在200目；
步骤2）：将凹凸棒土，石墨粉，氮化铝粉，碳化硅粉，高岭土，海藻酸钠，以及云母石粉投入到搅拌机中，搅拌均匀，然后投入到反应罐中，反应罐的温度控制在80℃，保温反应10min，即得改性剂；
步骤3）将步骤2）得到的改性剂，聚乙烯，聚氯乙烯，双酚A型环氧树脂，双酚F型环氧树脂，γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷，环氧脂肪酸辛酯，聚二甲基硅氧烷，双环戊二烯以及十溴二苯乙烷依次投入到离心机中，1000转/min离心搅拌5分钟，混合均匀后，进入双螺杆挤出机挤压成熔融状态，待混料完全熔融后挤出到注塑机中，在300℃下注塑成型即得。
实施例2
一种可用于湿热环境的电线绝缘料的制备工艺，其包括如下步骤：
步骤1）：按照重量份称取各原料备用；聚乙烯90份，聚氯乙烯40份，双酚A型环氧树脂15份，双酚F型环氧树脂15份，γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷12份，环氧脂肪酸辛酯10份，凹凸棒土7份，聚二甲基硅氧烷6份，双环戊二烯6份，十溴二苯乙烷5份，石墨粉4份，氮化铝粉3份，碳化硅粉2份，高岭土2份，海藻酸钠2份，云母石粉2份；
所述凹凸棒土，石墨粉，氮化铝粉，碳化硅粉，高岭土，海藻酸钠，以及云母石粉的粒径控制在300目；
步骤2）：将凹凸棒土，石墨粉，氮化铝粉，碳化硅粉，高岭土，海藻酸钠，以及云母石粉投入到搅拌机中，搅拌均匀，然后投入到反应罐中，反应罐的温度控制在80℃，保温反应10min，即得改性剂；
步骤3）将步骤2）得到的改性剂，聚乙烯，聚氯乙烯，双酚A型环氧树脂，双酚F型环氧树脂，γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷，环氧脂肪酸辛酯，聚二甲基硅氧烷，双环戊二烯以及十溴二苯乙烷依次投入到离心机中，1000转/min离心搅拌5分钟，混合均匀后，进入双螺杆挤出机挤压成熔融状态，待混料完全熔融后挤出到注塑机中，在300℃下注塑成型即得。
实施例3
本发明工艺制备的电线绝缘料的性能测试：
实施例1和实施例2工艺制备的绝缘料的各方面性能较好，具体检测结果可见表1，其中绝缘层厚度均为2mm：
表1
| 性能指标 | 测试标准 | 指标值 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 |
| 拉伸强度Mpa | GB/T1040.3-2006 | 12.5 | 18.9 | 19.3 |
| 断裂伸长率% | GB/T1040.3-2006 | 400 | 589 | 583 |
| 耐环境应力开裂F0(h) | GB/T2951.41-2008 | 500 | 571 | 577 |
| 氧指数 | GB/T2406-1993 | 26 | 29 | 30 |
| 抗霉菌试验 | GB/T2423.16-1999 | 0级 | 0级 | 0级 |
| 体积电阻率×10-15（Ω•cm） | GB/T 3048.2-2007 | 2.0 | 2.51 | 2.49 |
本发明还检测了100℃下，240h烘箱湿热老化试验（参照GB/T2951.12-2008），实施例1和实施例2制备的绝缘料的拉伸强度分别降低了3.5％和4.0％；断裂伸长率分别降低了10.2％和10.5％；绝缘性能和氧指数没有明显变化；完全符合标准。
本发明实施例1和2制备的电线绝缘料经检测，各参数均符合指标，能够在湿热环境下长时间使用，并且保持较好的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及绝缘性能；
本发明绝缘料能有效地抑制霉菌增殖，避免人们在使用时接触霉菌而影响健康。
以上结合具体的实施方式对本发明进行了描述，但本领域技术人员应该清楚，这些描述都是示例性的，并不是对本发明保护范围的限制。本领域技术人员可以根据本发明的精神和原理对本发明做出各种变型和修改，这些变型和修改也在本发明的范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种可用于湿热环境的电线绝缘料的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述工艺包括如下步骤：
步骤1）：称取原料：按照重量份称取各原料备用；聚乙烯80-90份，聚氯乙烯30-40份，双酚A型环氧树脂13-15份，双酚F型环氧树脂13-15份，γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷10-12份，环氧脂肪酸辛酯8-10份，凹凸棒土6-7份，聚二甲基硅氧烷5-6份，双环戊二烯5-6份，十溴二苯乙烷4-5份，石墨粉3-4份，氮化铝粉2-3份，碳化硅粉1-2份，高岭土1-2份，海藻酸钠1-2份，云母石粉1-2份；
步骤2）：制备改性剂：将凹凸棒土，石墨粉，氮化铝粉，碳化硅粉，高岭土，海藻酸钠，以及云母石粉投入到搅拌机中，搅拌均匀，然后投入到反应罐中，反应罐的温度控制在80℃左右，保温反应10min，即得改性剂；
步骤3）熔融和注塑成型：将步骤2）得到的改性剂，聚乙烯，聚氯乙烯，双酚A型环氧树脂，双酚F型环氧树脂，γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷，环氧脂肪酸辛酯，聚二甲基硅氧烷，双环戊二烯以及十溴二苯乙烷依次投入到离心机中，1000转/min离心搅拌5分钟，混合均匀后，进入双螺杆挤出机挤压成熔融状态，然后挤出到注塑机中，在300℃下注塑成型即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工艺，其特征在于，优选地，所述凹凸棒土，石墨粉，氮化铝粉，碳化硅粉，高岭土，海藻酸钠，以及云母石粉的粒径控制在200目以上。
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