CN104435505A - 一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：没食子3-9份，荸荠15-30份，金银花10-30份，土三七3-9份，剑麻3-10份，龙骨15-30份，青黛15-30份，大蓟10-20份，沙棘10-20份，鱼腥草5-9份，儿茶3-6份，苍术3-15份，侧柏15-40份，枳壳10-30份，黄芪10-30份。本发明的有益效果是：清热解毒、健脾祛湿、祛瘀通络、固涩收敛。临床上根据不同证型辩证施治。本发明中药适用于治疗急、慢性直肠炎患者。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种治疗直肠炎灌肠剂，尤其是治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂及其制备方法，本发明属中医中药领域。
背景技术
广义而言，发生在直肠的炎症均可称为直肠炎。常见的直肠炎主要表现为肛门下坠感、腹泻、里急后重；血便、黏液便或黏液血便。直肠炎轻者仅黏膜发炎，重者炎症累及黏膜下层、肌层，甚至直肠周围组织；有时只是部分直肠受累，有时直肠全部甚或累及肛门。急性直肠炎长期不愈，则变为慢性直肠炎。
病因1.异物损伤；最为常见的病因是直肠内异物损伤。未消化的骨片、木片或其他带有锐利角的各种异物可直接损伤直肠黏膜而发生直肠炎。此外，严重便秘时的坚硬粪块，可引起直肠炎甚或溃疡。2.中毒与感染：重金属(汞、砷等)中毒或者发生以胃肠道损伤为主要特征的传染病时，常常并发直肠炎。3.局部炎症刺激：长期局部炎症刺激如慢性细菌感染(慢性痢疾)、阿米巴痢疾、慢性非特异性溃疡性结肠炎等。4.性病所致：不洁性交，使肛门部患了尖锐湿疣或乳头状纤维瘤，长期摩擦刺激，可引起直肠炎变。5.免疫功能异常：人体免疫功能调节异常可引发慢性非特异性溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病等。6.痔疮、肛瘘、肛裂、化脓性汗腺炎、毛囊炎等长期刺激肛门皮肤，也可累及直肠下段引起炎变。7.血吸虫感染：直肠黏膜长期受沉积虫卵刺激，产生坏死、脱落，从而导致炎变。8.其他感染：如梅毒(性传播疾病)、病毒(单纯性疱疹或巨细胞病毒)及衣原体感染；抗生素相关性直肠炎症等。9.放射性照射：由于局部放射性治疗(前列腺癌、宫颈癌)可引致直肠炎症。
临床表现：由于病因不同，临床表现不尽相同。1.便血；直肠出血或直肠排出黏液、黏液血便。2.肛门直肠疼痛：由淋病、单纯疱疹或巨细胞病毒引起的直肠炎可伴有强烈的肛门直肠疼痛。3.腹痛，便秘、腹泻或便秘与腹泻交替伴有全身症状或消化道其他部位疾患者可出现相关症状，如发热、食欲不振、恶心呕吐、消瘦、肛门灼痛、排便下坠、里急后重等。
授权公告号CN 101254276B(申请号200810054678.2)的专利公开了一种治疗放射性直肠炎的灌肠剂，其特征在于由下列重量比的原料制成，三七3～6g、儿茶3～6g、阿胶5～3g、白及10～30g、地榆15～45g、大黄6～9g、仙鹤草15～30g。授权公告号CN 103356816B(申请号201310294459.2)的专利公开了一种治疗放射性直肠炎的中药制剂，其特征在于该中药制剂由以下重量份的中药制成：华凤仙10-15份、赛金刚5-10份、绿兰花12-17份、黄柏12-15份、地锦草7-11份、紫珠13-18份、雪里开9-16份、山矾叶45-50份、梵天花根8-15份、蕨麻25-28份、黄芪20-35份、赤石脂20-30份。
由此可见，中药在治疗直肠炎方面占有非常重要的地位，但是制备方法复杂，大多数都是汤剂，一是不方便携带，二是只内服，汤剂大人服用可以，但是儿童怕苦，不适宜儿童服用。
发明内容
随着中国中医中药学的不断发展，在治疗与控制直肠炎上，人们渐渐意识到了中药治疗直肠炎症治疗过程无副作用，患者承受痛苦小，造价相对节省的优势，针对现有西医治疗直肠炎的现状，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，具有易操作、疗效显著的特点，并且它采用地方上较为常见的中药材作为原料，成本低廉。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：没食子3-9份，荸荠15-30份，金银花10-30份，土三七3-9份，剑麻3-10份，龙骨15-30份，青黛15-30份，大蓟10-20份，沙棘10-20份，鱼腥草5-9份，儿茶3-6份，苍术3-15份，侧柏15-40份，枳壳10-30份，黄芪10-30份。
一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，优选的方案，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：没食子5-9份，荸荠16-25份，金银花15-25份，土三七4-8份，剑麻4-8份，龙骨18-28份，青黛18-25份，大蓟12-18份，沙棘14-18份，鱼腥草6-8份，儿茶3.5-5份，苍术6-14份，侧柏20-38份，枳壳15-28份，黄芪12-28份。
一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，更佳优选的方案，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：没食子8份，荸荠20份，金银花20份，土三七6份，剑麻5份，龙骨20份，青黛20份，大蓟15份，沙棘15份，鱼腥草7份，儿茶4份，苍术12份，侧柏30份，枳壳25份，黄芪15份。
本发明的另一目的就是提供上述治疗直肠炎的制备方法。
一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂的制备方法，主要由下述步骤制备而成：
①将食盐置于干净的容器内，加入70-90℃的热水，20-40分钟后滴入香油，待将龙骨完全浸透后取出，置于无烟的炉火上锻制酥脆，研磨成细末，过80-120目筛；
②将荸荠、金银花和土三七洗净，沥干水分，切成丝，与没食子和大蓟一同置于砂锅内，用烧热的黄酒喷洒均匀，焖3-6小时，置于蒸笼上蒸制有香味飘出时，停火，取烧干的热锅，加入少许花生油，待热锅四周有青烟冒出时，将蒸熟的中药材迅速置于锅内，炒制6-12分钟，用大铁勺研磨成细末，过100-140目筛；
③将侧柏洗净，切成细丝，将铁板烧热，用刷子将铁板上抹上油，再将切好的细丝放置在抹好油的铁板上，烘5-15分钟，捣碎成细末待用；
④将剑麻、沙棘、鱼腥草、儿茶、苍术、枳壳和黄芪一同置于瓦罐内，加水煎煮两次，两次煎煮都是先大火煎开，后转文化煎煮50-70分钟，两次滤液合并，静置3-5小时；
⑤将步骤④所得上清液烧热，待煮沸后加入青黛和步骤①-③所得细末，一边煎煮一边搅拌，待搅拌成稠膏状时取出，将稠膏烘30-50分钟，得烘干物，将烘干物在70-90℃下干燥，按照每份3g分装既得。
上述灌肠剂的制备方法，步骤①加入75-85℃的热水，25-35分钟后滴入香油(优选的，加入80℃的热水，30分钟后滴入香油)。
上述灌肠剂的制备方法，步骤②用烧热的黄酒喷洒均匀，焖4-5小时(优选的，用烧热的黄酒喷洒均匀，焖4.5小时)。
上述灌肠剂的制备方法，步骤②将蒸熟的中药材迅速置于锅内，炒制8-10分钟(优选的，将蒸熟的中药材迅速置于锅内，炒制9分钟)。
上述灌肠剂的制备方法，步骤③将切好的细丝放置在抹好油的铁板上，烘8-13分钟(优选的，将切好的细丝放置在抹好油的铁板上，烘10分钟)。
上述灌肠剂的制备方法，步骤④两次煎煮都是先大火煎开，后转文化煎煮55-65分钟(优选的，两次煎煮都是先大火煎开，后转文化煎煮60分钟)。
上述灌肠剂的制备方法，步骤⑤将稠膏烘35-45分钟，得烘干物，将烘干物在75-85℃下干燥(优选的，将稠膏烘40分钟，得烘干物，将烘干物在80℃下干燥)。
该灌肠剂对直肠炎效果显著，对由直肠炎引起的便秘、腹泻、便血等症状有很好的缓解作用，本发明多选用地方常见药材，价格低廉，减轻了患者的经济负担。
各原料药的药理功效分别为：
没食子：又名墨石子、无食子，为没食子蜂科瘿蜂属昆虫没食子蜂的幼虫寄生于壳斗科栎属植物没食子树幼枝上所产生的虫瘿。药性：本品呈球形，有短柄，外表面灰色有疣状突起，质坚厚，味苦，性温。成分：没食子虫瘿含土耳其没食子鞣质、没食子酸及树脂等。根据现代药理研究发现，该药具有涩肠、固精、敛肺、止血止痛的功效，用于久泻久痢，盗汗，咳嗽，咯血，便血。
荸荠：别名马蹄、乌芋、地栗。性味功效：甘、寒。功能清热、化痰、消积、化疣。适用于温病消渴、黄疸、热淋、痞积、目赤、咽喉肿痛、赘疣等。预防急性传染病、清热泻火、凉血解毒、利尿通便祛痰、消食除胀，调理痔疮或痢疾便血、妇女崩漏、阴虚肺燥、痰热咳嗽、咽喉不利、痞块积聚、目赤障翳、辅助退烧等功效。此外，荸荠含有-种抗病毒物质可抑制流脑，流感病毒，能用于预防流脑及流感的传播。
金银花：它性甘寒气芳香，甘寒清热而不伤胃，芳香透达又可祛邪。金银花既能宣散风热，还善清解血毒，用于各种热性病，如身热、发疹、发斑、热毒疮痈、咽喉肿痛等症，均效果显著。金银花含有绿原酸、木犀草素苷等药理活性成分，对溶血性链球菌、金黄葡萄球菌等多种致病菌及上呼吸道感染致病病毒等有较强的抑制力，另外还可增强免疫力、抗早孕、护肝、抗肿瘤、消炎、解热、止血(凝血)、抑制肠道吸收胆固醇等，其临床用途非常广泛，可与其它药物配伍用于治疗呼吸道感染、菌痢、急性泌尿系统感染、高血压等40余种病症。
土三七：基原：为菊科三七草属植物菊叶三七的根或全草。成分：根含生物碱：千里光宁碱，千里光菲灵碱，菊三七碱甲，菊三七碱乙等。地上部分含D-甘露醇，琥珀酸，5-甲基脲嘧啶，腺嘌呤，氯化铵，菊三七碱类，芸香苷。药性：甘、微苦，温。功用主治：破血，消肿，止血，止痛。主治跌打肿痛，外伤出血，淤血吐血，衄血，咯血，便血，崩漏，痛经，产后淤滞腹痛，风湿痛，疮痈疽疔，虫蛇咬伤。
剑麻：基原：为龙舌兰科龙舌兰属植物剑麻的叶。成分：叶含皂苷元有：新替告皂苷酮，新替告皂苷元，替告皂苷元，剑麻皂苷元，海柯皂苷元，绿莲皂苷元等。多糖：阿拉伯半乳糖，木聚糖，木葡聚糖。药性：微甘、辛，凉。功用主治：凉血止血，消肿解毒。主治肺痨咳血，衄血，便血，痢疾，用疮肿毒，痔疮。
龙骨：基原：为古代哺乳动物象类、犀类、三趾马、牛类、鹿类等的骨骼化石。成分：龙骨主要含碳酸钙及磷酸钙，尚含有铁、钾、钠、氯、硫酸根等。药性：涩、甘，平。归心、肝、肾、大肠经。功用主治：镇心安神，平肝潜阳，收敛固涩。主治心悸，怔肿，失眠，健忘，惊痫，癫狂，眩晕，自汗盗汗，遗精遗尿，崩漏带下，久泄久痢，溃疡久不收口及湿疮。
青黛：又名青蛤粉、靛青花，为爵床科马蓝属植物马蓝、蓼科蓼属植物蓼蓝、豆科木蓝属植物木蓝、十字花科菘蓝属植物菘蓝的叶或茎叶经加工制得的干燥粉末或团块。药性：本品为深蓝色的粉末，体轻，易飞扬，微有草腥气，味成，性寒。成分：其主要成分有靛玉红，靛蓝。根据现代药理研究发现，该药具有抗肿瘤、抗炎镇痛、抗溃疡、抗菌、清热凉血、解毒的功效，用于温毒斑疹，咽喉肿痛，吐血，衄血，咯血等症状。
大蓟：又名马蓟、野刺菜、茨芥，为菊科蓟属植物大蓟的地上部分或根。药性：味甘，性微凉。成分：新鲜叶含有柳穿鱼苷；根含挥发油成分单紫杉烯，香附子烯，丁香烯。根据现代药理研究发现，该药具有止血、降压、抗菌、行瘀消肿的功效，用于吐血，咯血，衄血，便血，尿血，疮疡肿痛，肾炎，湿疹等。
沙棘：基原：为胡颓子科沙棘属植物中国沙棘和云南沙棘的果实。成分：沙棘果实含黄铜类成分：异鼠李素，异鼠李素-3-0-β-D-葡萄糖苷，芸香苷，紫云英苷以及槲皮素和山奈酚为苷元的低糖苷等。药性：《西藏常用中草药》：“性温，味酸、涩。”功用主治：止咳化痰，健胃消食，活血散瘀。主治咳嗽痰多，肺脓肿，消化不良，食积腹痛，胃痛，肠炎，闭经，跌打瘀肿。
鱼腥草：基原：为三白革科蕺菜属植物蕺菜的带根全草。成分：地上部分含挥发油：癸酰乙醛，月桂醛，。还含有甲基正壬基甲酮，芡烯，柠檬烯，乙酸龙脑酯，金丝桃苷，芸香苷等。药性：辛，微寒。归肺、膀胱、大肠经。功用主治：清热解毒，排脓消痈，利尿通淋。主治肺痈吐脓，肺热咳嗽，喉蛾，痈肿疮毒，痔疮，热痢，热淋，水肿，带下，疥癣。
儿茶：心材碎片煎汁，经浓缩干燥即为儿茶浸膏或儿茶末，有清热、生津、化痰、止血、敛疮、生肌、定痛等功能。
苍术味辛、苦，性温。归经归脾、胃、肝经。功效：燥湿健脾，祛风散寒，明目。主治：用于湿阻中焦，脘腹胀满，泄泻，水肿，脚气痿蹙，风湿痹痛，风寒感冒，夜盲，眼目昏涩。
侧柏：鳞叶治吐血，衄血，尿血，便血，暴崩下血，血热脱发，须发早白；种子治惊悸，失眠，遗精，盗汗，便秘；树枝治风痹历节风，齿匿肿痛；树干燃烧后分泌的树脂汁治疥癣，癞疮，秃疮，黄水疮，丹毒，解毒杀虫，止痛，生肌；根皮治烧，烫伤，长毛发。
枳壳：破气，行痰，消积。治胸膈痰滞，胸痞，胁胀，食积，噫气，呕逆，下痢后重，脱肛，子宫脱垂。
黄芪：黄芪有增强机体免疫功能、保肝、利尿、抗衰老、抗应激、降压和较广泛的抗菌作用。能消除实验性肾炎蛋自尿，增强心肌收缩力，调节血糖含量。黄芪不仅能扩张冠状动脉，改善心肌供血，提高免疫功能，而且能够延缓细胞衰老的进程。
本发明灌肠剂基于中医中药辩症治疗的原理。所制备的灌肠剂使用时用热水冲开，放入干净容器内使用，本发明对治疗直肠炎更加全面，病灶处给药更加迅速，药效持久，缓解粘液血便、腹泻、腹痛、里急后重、肛门灼痛坠痛等临床症状；改善便潜血阳性、肠镜粘膜病变及放射损伤；能提高患者生活质量；复发率低，疗效可靠，作用稳定，无毒副作用，对直肠炎有极好的治疗作用，对于因长期放化疗而羸弱的身体有极好的调理作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案，但保护范围不被此限制。
实施例1一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成(每份取3g)：没食子3份，荸荠15份，金银花10份，土三七3份，剑麻3份，龙骨15份，青黛15份，大蓟10份，沙棘10份，鱼腥草5份，儿茶3份，苍术3份，侧柏15份，枳壳10份，黄芪10份。
治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，制备步骤如下：
①将食盐置于干净的容器内，加入70℃的热水，20分钟后滴入香油，待将龙骨完全浸透后取出，置于无烟的炉火上锻制酥脆，研磨成细末，过80目筛；
②将荸荠、金银花和土三七洗净，沥干水分，切成丝，与没食子和大蓟一同置于砂锅内，用烧热的黄酒喷洒均匀，焖3小时，置于蒸笼上蒸制有香味飘出时，停火，取烧干的热锅，加入少许花生油，待热锅四周有青烟冒出时，将蒸熟的中药材迅速置于锅内，炒制6分钟，用大铁勺研磨成细末，过100目筛；
③将侧柏洗净，切成细丝，将铁板烧热，用刷子将铁板上抹上油，再将切好的细丝放置在抹好油的铁板上，烘5分钟，捣碎成细末待用；
④将剑麻、沙棘、鱼腥草、儿茶、苍术、枳壳和黄芪一同置于瓦罐内，加水煎煮两次，两次煎煮都是先大火煎开，后转文化煎煮50分钟，两次滤液合并，静置3小时，得上清液；
⑤将步骤④所得上清液烧热，待煮沸后加入青黛和步骤①-③所得细末，一边煎煮一边搅拌，待搅拌成稠膏状时取出，将稠膏烘30分钟，得烘干物，将烘干物在70℃下干燥，按照每份3g分装既得。
典型病例一：刘XX，女，35岁，山东省聊城市莘县人士，某公司的员工。症状：2012年1月宫颈癌术后1个月，放射性治疗21天，大便带脓血3天，有少量粘液，伴腹泻水样便，用氟哌酸治疗效果不佳。直肠镜检查：见肠壁充血、肿胀呈赤褐色，给予暂停止放疗，建议使用本发明所得灌肠剂。
使用并使用实施例1所得灌肠剂，灌肠治疗2天，无血便出现，停用仙鹤草，继续使用该药5天，临床症状完全消失，半年后随访未再复发。
实施例2一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成(每份取3g)：没食子9份，荸荠30份，金银花30份，土三七9份，剑麻10份，龙骨30份，青黛30份，大蓟20份，沙棘20份，鱼腥草9份，儿茶6份，苍术15份，侧柏40份，枳壳30份，黄芪30份。
治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，制备步骤如下：
①将食盐置于干净的容器内，加入90℃的热水，40分钟后滴入香油，待将龙骨完全浸透后取出，置于无烟的炉火上锻制酥脆，研磨成细末，过120目筛；
②将荸荠、金银花和土三七洗净，沥干水分，切成丝，与没食子和大蓟一同置于砂锅内，用烧热的黄酒喷洒均匀，焖6小时，置于蒸笼上蒸制有香味飘出时，停火，取烧干的热锅，加入少许花生油，待热锅四周有青烟冒出时，将蒸熟的中药材迅速置于锅内，炒制12分钟，用大铁勺研磨成细末，过140目筛；
③将侧柏洗净，切成细丝，将铁板烧热，用刷子将铁板上抹上油，再将切好的细丝放置在抹好油的铁板上，烘15分钟，捣碎成细末待用；
④将剑麻、沙棘、鱼腥草、儿茶、苍术、枳壳和黄芪一同置于瓦罐内，加水煎煮两次，两次煎煮都是先大火煎开，后转文化煎煮70分钟，两次滤液合并，静置5小时，得上清液；
⑤将步骤④所得上清液烧热，待煮沸后加入青黛和步骤①-③所得细末，一边煎煮一边搅拌，待搅拌成稠膏状时取出，将稠膏烘50分钟，得烘干物，将烘干物在90℃下干燥，按照每份3g分装既得。
典型病例二：王XX，男，49岁，黑龙江哈尔滨人士。症状：宫颈癌术后接受放疗治疗，放疗的第4个周，出现血便，腹痛、腹泻，全身乏力的不适症状，去医院检查在直肠镜下可见肠壁充血，医生给予服用止血药和消炎药治疗，病情反复，听别人说本发明灌肠剂疗效很好。
使用并使用实施例2所得灌肠剂，灌肠治疗3天，不适症状减轻，继续使用本发明灌肠剂治疗10天，临床症状完全消失，半年后随访未再复发。
实施例3一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成(每份取3g)：没食子5份，荸荠16份，金银花15份，土三七4份，剑麻4份，龙骨18份，青黛18份，大蓟12份，沙棘14份，鱼腥草6份，儿茶3.5份，苍术6份，侧柏20份，枳壳15份，黄芪12份。
治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，制备步骤如下：
①将食盐置于干净的容器内，加入75℃的热水，25分钟后滴入香油，待将龙骨完全浸透后取出，置于无烟的炉火上锻制酥脆，研磨成细末，过90目筛；
②将荸荠、金银花和土三七洗净，沥干水分，切成丝，与没食子和大蓟一同置于砂锅内，用烧热的黄酒喷洒均匀，焖4小时，置于蒸笼上蒸制有香味飘出时，停火，取烧干的热锅，加入少许花生油，待热锅四周有青烟冒出时，将蒸熟的中药材迅速置于锅内，炒制6分钟，用大铁勺研磨成细末，过110目筛；
③将侧柏洗净，切成细丝，将铁板烧热，用刷子将铁板上抹上油，再将切好的细丝放置在抹好油的铁板上，烘8分钟，捣碎成细术待用；
④将剑麻、沙棘、鱼腥草、儿茶、苍术、枳壳和黄芪一同置于瓦罐内，加水煎煮两次，两次煎煮都是先大火煎开，后转文化煎煮55分钟，两次滤液合并，静置3.5小时，得上清液；
⑤将步骤④所得上清液烧热，待煮沸后加入青黛和步骤①-③所得细末，一边煎煮一边搅拌，待搅拌成稠膏状时取出，将稠膏烘35分钟，得烘干物，将烘干物在75℃下干燥，按照每份3g分装既得。
实施例4一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成(每份取3g)：没食子9份，荸荠25份，金银花25份，土三七8份，剑麻8份，龙骨28份，青黛25份，大蓟18份，沙棘18份，鱼腥草8份，儿茶5份，苍术14份，侧柏38份，枳壳28份，黄芪28份。
治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，制备步骤如下：
①将食盐置于干净的容器内，加入85℃的热水，35分钟后滴入香油，待将龙骨完全浸透后取出，置于无烟的炉火上锻制酥脆，研磨成细末，过110目筛；
②将荸荠、金银花和土三七洗挣，沥干水分，切成丝，与没食子和大蓟一同置于砂锅内，用烧热的黄酒喷洒均匀，焖5小时，置于蒸笼上蒸制有香味飘出时，停火，取烧干的热锅，加入少许花生油，待热锅四周有青烟冒出时，将蒸熟的中药材迅速置于锅内，炒制10分钟，用大铁勺研磨成细末，过130目筛；
③将侧柏洗净，切成细丝，将铁板烧热，用刷子将铁板上抹上油，再将切好的细丝放置在抹好油的铁板上，烘13分钟，捣碎成细末待用；
④将剑麻、沙棘、鱼腥草、儿茶、苍术、枳壳和黄芪一同置于瓦罐内，加水煎煮两次，两次煎煮都是先大火煎开，后转文化煎煮65分钟，两次滤液合并，静置4.5小时，得上清液；
⑤将步骤④所得上清液烧热，待煮沸后加入青黛和步骤①-③所得细末，一边煎煮一边搅拌，待搅拌成稠膏状时取出，将稠膏烘45分钟，得烘干物，将烘干物在85℃下干燥，按照每份3g分装既得。
实施例5一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成(每份取3g)：没食子8份，荸荠20份，金银花20份，土三七6份，剑麻5份，龙骨20份，青黛20份，大蓟15份，沙棘15份，鱼腥草7份，儿茶4份，苍术12份，侧柏30份，枳壳25份，黄芪15份。
治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，制备步骤如下：
①将食盐置于干净的容器内，加入80℃的热水，30分钟后滴入香油，待将龙骨完全浸透后取出，置于无烟的炉火上锻制酥脆，研磨成细末，过100目筛；
②将荸荠、金银花和土三七洗净，沥干水分，切成丝，与没食子和大蓟一同置于砂锅内，用烧热的黄酒喷洒均匀，焖4.5小时，置于蒸笼上蒸制有香味飘出时，停火，取烧干的热锅，加入少许花生油，待热锅四周有青烟冒出时，将蒸熟的中药材迅速置于锅内，炒制9分钟，用大铁勺研磨成细末，过120目筛；
③将侧柏洗净，切成细丝，将铁板烧热，用刷子将铁板上抹上油，再将切好的细丝放置在抹好油的铁板上，烘10分钟，捣碎成细末待用；
④将剑麻、沙棘、鱼腥草、儿茶、苍术、枳壳和黄芪一同置于瓦罐内，加水煎煮两次，两次煎煮都是先大火煎开，后转文化煎煮60分钟，两次滤液合并，静置4小时，得上清液；
⑤将步骤④所得上清液烧热，待煮沸后加入青黛和步骤①-③所得细末，一边煎煮一边搅拌，待搅拌成稠膏状时取出，将稠膏烘40分钟，得烘干物，将烘干物在80℃下干燥，按照每份3g分装既得。
实验例：1、临床选择：为了验证本发明中药组合物的效果，我们抽取了400名患者进行了药物的实验，平均分为两组，实验组及对照组。
2、入选标准：经确诊为直肠炎患者，有直肠炎临床症状一项或多项。
3、治疗方法：采用本发明灌肠剂，用热水冲开，进行灌肠，一日2次。
4、疗效情况判定标准：1、治愈。使用药物后，不适症状完全消失；2、有效。使用药物后，不适症状减轻或部分消失；3、无效。使用药物后，不适症状无变化。我们进行了药物的实验(实施例5)，并精确的对数据进行了统计和数理分析。
具体实验结果如下表：
表1：
表2：
经临床试验证明，使用本发明灌肠剂与西医治疗直肠炎的手段相比，治愈后复发率低，治疗手段更为全面彻底，使用期间无副作用，在治疗直肠炎的同时，可以缓解由直肠炎带来的血便、腹泻、腹痛、里急后重、肛门灼痛坠痛等临床症状。经临床试验证明，本发明中药药剂有效率为98％，对直肠炎有良好的治疗作用。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，其特征在于：取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：没食子3-9份，荸荠15-30份，金银花10-30份，土三七3-9份，剑麻3-10份，龙骨15-30份，青黛15-30份，大蓟10-20份，沙棘10-20份，鱼腥草5-9份，儿茶3-6份，苍术3-15份，侧柏15-40份，枳壳10-30份，黄芪10-30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，其特征在于：取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：没食子5-9份，荸荠16-25份，金银花15-25份，土三七4-8份，剑麻4-8份，龙骨18-28份，青黛18-25份，大蓟12-18份，沙棘14-18份，鱼腥草6-8份，儿茶3.5-5份，苍术6-14份，侧柏20-38份，枳壳15-28份，黄芪12-28份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂，其特征在于：取下述重量配比的主要原料制备而成：没食子8份，荸荠20份，金银花20份，土三七6份，剑麻5份，龙骨20份，青黛20份，大蓟15份，沙棘15份，鱼腥草7份，儿茶4份，苍术12份，侧柏30份，枳壳25份，黄芪15份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的治疗直肠炎的灌肠剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤如下：
①将食盐置于干净的容器内，加入70-90℃的热水，20-40分钟后滴入香油，待将龙骨完全浸透后取出，置于无烟的炉火上锻制酥脆，研磨成细末，过80-120目筛；
②将荸荠、金银花和土三七洗净，沥干水分，切成丝，与没食子和大蓟一同置于砂锅内，用烧热的黄酒喷洒均匀，焖3-6小时，置于蒸笼上蒸制有香味飘出时，停火，取烧干的热锅，加入少许花生油，待热锅四周有青烟冒出时，将蒸熟的中药材迅速置于锅内，炒制6-12分钟，用大铁勺研磨成细末，过100-140目筛；
③将侧柏洗净，切成细丝，将铁板烧热，用刷子将铁板上抹上油，再将切好的细丝放置在抹好油的铁板上，烘5-15分钟，捣碎成细末待用；
④将剑麻、沙棘、鱼腥草、儿茶、苍术、枳壳和黄芪一同置于瓦罐内，加水煎煮两次，两次煎煮都是先大火煎开，后转文化煎煮50-70分钟，两次滤液合并，静置3-5小时，得上清液；
⑤将步骤④所得上清液烧热，待煮沸后加入青黛和步骤①-③所得细末，一边煎煮一边搅拌，待搅拌成稠膏状时取出，将稠膏烘30-50分钟，得烘干物，将烘干物在70-90℃下干燥，按照每份3g分装既得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的灌肠剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤①加入75-85℃的热水，25-35分钟后滴入香油(优选的，加入80℃的热水，30分钟后滴入香油)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的灌肠剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤②用烧热的黄酒喷洒均匀，焖4-5小时(优选的，用烧热的黄酒喷洒均匀，焖4.5小时)。
7.根据权利要求4所述的灌肠剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤②将蒸熟的中药材迅速置于锅内，炒制8-10分钟(优选的，将蒸熟的中药材迅速置于锅内，炒制9分钟)。
8.根据权利要求4所述的灌肠剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤③将切好的细丝放置在抹好油的铁板上，烘8-13分钟(优选的，将切好的细丝放置在抹好油的铁板上，烘10分钟)。
9.根据权利要求4所述的灌肠剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤④两次煎煮都是先大火煎开，后转文化煎煮55-65分钟(优选的，两次煎煮都是先大火煎开，后转文化煎煮60分钟)。
10.根据权利要求4所述的灌肠剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤⑤将稠膏烘35-45分钟，得烘干物，将烘干物在75-85℃下干燥(优选的，将稠膏烘40分钟，得烘干物，将烘干物在80℃下干燥)。
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