CN105362669A - 一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片,所述缓释片由以下原料组成:牛蒡子、薄荷、蝉蜕、升麻、前胡、浮萍、苦瓜、木贼、栀子、穿心草、滑石粉、木通、蒲公英、白牛膝、鲟鱼、虫椹草、制首乌、黄精、赤石脂、蛇床子、山茱萸、红参、炙甘草、乳糖、预胶化淀粉、海藻酸钾、巴西棕榈蜡、脱乙酰壳多糖、月桂醇硫酸镁、聚山梨酯。本发明的缓释片对流行性出血热疗效明确,对症性强,专病专治,且其中的有效成分能迅速被吸收,辛凉解表,透热解毒、利尿通淋、温阳固脱,快速有效治愈流行性出血热,给药频率低,患者依从性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片及其制备方法。
背景技术
出血热即流行性出血热又称肾综合征出血热,是危害人类健康的重要传染病,是由流行性出血热病毒(汉坦病毒)引起的,以鼠类为主要传染源的自然疫源性疾病。以发热、出血、充血、低血压休克及肾脏损害为主要临床表现。主要分布于欧亚大陆,是危害人类健康的重要传染病。在我国80年代中期以来,本病年发病数逾已10万。该病流行范围广,病死率高,危害较大,是国家重点防治的传染病之一。
本病发病有十分明显季节性和相对集中性。我国流行季节发病高峰有双峰和单峰两种类型。多数地区为单峰型即秋冬季(10~12月份),少数地区为双峰型即除秋峰外在春夏之间(4~6月)有小峰。野鼠型以秋冬季为多;家鼠型以春夏季为多。除季节性外,一年四季均可散发。人群对本病有普遍易感性,隐性感染少见。发病年龄组以青壮年为主,儿童发病者少见。病后2周血清抗体可达高峰,一般可获得稳固而持久的免疫。罕见有第二次感染发病者。本病多见于青壮年,感染后可获得终身免疫。
患者发病后,一般经过发热期、低血压休克期、少尿期、多尿期和恢复期等过程,在病程中会出现“三痛”、“三红”等主要症状。大多数出血热患者在发热期后,随着体温下降临床症状可能反而加重,发生“热退病进”的现象。有些病情严重患者会出现发热、低血压、肾功能衰竭重叠于一期出现的症状。临床上对该疾病的治疗主要以西医为主,但西药副作用大,许多患者对西药有不良反应,对于流行性出血热的治疗效果不显著。因此,市场对快速有效对症治疗流行性出血热、且无副作用的的药物存在很大的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片及其制备方法,本发明的缓释片对流行性出血热疗效明确,对症性强,专病专治,且其中的有效成分能迅速被吸收,快速有效治愈流行性出血热,给药频率低,患者依从性高。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案是:
一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片,所述缓释片由以下重量份数的原料组成:牛蒡子20-30份、薄荷10-20份、蝉蜕20-40份、升麻20-30份、前胡20-30份、浮萍10-25份、苦瓜20-30份、木贼10-20份、栀子8-16份、穿心草8-16份、滑石粉4-12份、木通5-15份、蒲公英6-16份、白牛膝10-20份、鲟鱼10-20份、虫椹草6-10份、制首乌10-20份、黄精10-20份、赤石脂5-10份、蛇床子8-12份、山茱萸5-10份、红参10-16份、炙甘草10-20份、乳糖5-10份、预胶化淀粉3-5份、海藻酸钾3-5份、巴西棕榈蜡4-6份、脱乙酰壳多糖1-3份、月桂醇硫酸镁0.5-1份、聚山梨酯0.5-1份。
进一步的,一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片,所述缓释片由以下重量份数的原料组成:牛蒡子20份、薄荷10份、蝉蜕20份、升麻20份、前胡20份、浮萍10份、苦瓜20份、木贼10份、栀子8份、穿心草8份、滑石粉4份、木通5份、蒲公英6份、白牛膝10份、鲟鱼10份、虫椹草6份、制首乌10份、黄精10份、赤石脂5份、蛇床子8份、山茱萸5份、红参10份、炙甘草10份、乳糖5份、预胶化淀粉3份、海藻酸钾3份、巴西棕榈蜡4份、脱乙酰壳多糖1份、月桂醇硫酸镁0.5份、聚山梨酯0.5份。
进一步的,一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片,所述缓释片由以下重量份数的原料组成:牛蒡子25份、薄荷15份、蝉蜕30份、升麻25份、前胡25份、浮萍18份、苦瓜25份、木贼15份、栀子12份、穿心草12份、滑石粉8份、木通10份、蒲公英11份、白牛膝15份、鲟鱼15份、虫椹草8份、制首乌15份、黄精15份、赤石脂8份、蛇床子10份、山茱萸7份、红参13份、炙甘草15份、乳糖8份、预胶化淀粉4份、海藻酸钾4份、巴西棕榈蜡5份、脱乙酰壳多糖2份、月桂醇硫酸镁0.75份、聚山梨酯0.75份。
进一步的,一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片,所述缓释片由以下重量份数的原料组成:牛蒡子30份、薄荷20份、蝉蜕40份、升麻30份、前胡30份、浮萍25份、苦瓜30份、木贼20份、栀子16份、穿心草16份、滑石粉12份、木通15份、蒲公英16份、白牛膝20份、鲟鱼20份、虫椹草10份、制首乌20份、黄精20份、赤石脂10份、蛇床子12份、山茱萸10份、红参16份、炙甘草20份、乳糖10份、预胶化淀粉5份、海藻酸钾5份、巴西棕榈蜡6份、脱乙酰壳多糖3份、月桂醇硫酸镁1份、聚山梨酯1份。
本发明还提供一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将牛蒡子、薄荷、蝉蜕、前胡、浮萍、木贼、栀子、穿心草、木通、蒲公英、白牛膝、制首乌、黄精、蛇床子、山茱萸、炙甘草研磨粉碎至50目,将牛蒡子、蝉蜕、前胡、浮萍、木贼、栀子、穿心草、木通、蒲公英、白牛膝、制首乌、黄精、蛇床子、山茱萸、炙甘草混和后加入其总重量份数3倍的无菌水浸泡1h,备用;
(2)用网格布包滑石粉,与赤石脂混合,加入其总重量份数3倍的无菌水小火煎煮1h,然后加入步骤(1)所浸泡的中药及其浸泡液,继续小火煎煮2h,分离取出煎煮液,然后向药材中加入薄荷粉末、鲟鱼和药材总重量份数3倍的无菌水小火煎煮1h,分离取出煎煮液,合并两次煎煮液并过500目网筛,备用;
(3)将升麻、苦瓜加适量水进行研磨榨汁后静置1h,所得滤液过500目网筛,备用;
(4)将步骤(2)制得的煎煮液和步骤(3)制得的滤液混合,送加入低温真空浓缩机中,低温浓缩(40℃以下)至相对密度为1.20±0.02的浓缩液,备用;
(5)将虫椹草、红参研磨粉碎至300目,得到中药粉末,备用;
(6)分别取三分之二质量的乳糖、预胶化淀粉、海藻酸钾、巴西棕榈蜡、脱乙酰壳多糖、聚山梨酯,与步骤(4)制得的浓缩液混合均匀进行湿法制粒,并干燥后整粒过30目筛,得整粒I;
(7)取剩余三分之一质量的乳糖、预胶化淀粉、海藻酸钾、巴西棕榈蜡、脱乙酰壳多糖、聚山梨酯,与步骤(5)制得的浓缩液混合均匀进行湿法制粒,并干燥后整粒过30目筛,得整粒II;
(8)将步骤(6)、(7)所得的整粒I、整粒II与月桂醇硫酸镁送入三维混合机混合,压片,分装,即得所述的缓释片。
本发明的使用方法:口服,每日两次,每次2粒,或遵医嘱。
药理作用:
牛蒡子:入药部位为菊科二年生草本植物牛蒡的干燥成熟果实。辛、苦,寒。归肺、胃经。疏散风热,宣肺利咽,解毒透疹,消肿疗疮。主治风热感冒,温病初起,麻疹不透,痈肿疮毒。滑肠通便,气虚便溏者慎用。
薄荷:入药部位为唇形科植物薄荷的全草或叶。味辛,性凉。入肺、肝经。疏散风热,清利头目,利咽透疹,疏肝行气。主治外感风热,头痛,咽喉肿痛,食滞气胀,口疮,牙痛,疮疥,瘾疹,温病初起,风疹瘙痒,肝郁气滞,胸闷胁痛。
蝉蜕:入药部位为蝉科昆虫黑蚱羽化后的蜕壳。味甘、咸,性凉。归肺、肝经。疏散风热,利咽开音,透疹,明目退翳,息风止痉。用于风热感冒,温病初起,咽痛音哑,麻疹不透,风疹瘙痒,目赤翳障,急慢惊风,破伤风证,小儿夜啼不安。
升麻:入药部位为毛莨科植物大三叶升麻、兴安升麻或升麻的干燥根茎。辛、甘,微寒。归肺、脾、大肠、胃经。发表透疹,清热解毒,升阳举陷。主治时气疫疠,头痛寒热,喉痛,口疮,斑疹不透;中气下陷,久泻久痢,脱肛,妇女崩、带,子宫下坠,痈肿疮毒。
前胡:入药部位为伞形科植物白花前胡的干燥根。味苦、辛,性微寒。归肺经。降气化痰,散风清热。用于痰热喘满,咯痰黄稠,风热咳嗽痰多。阴虚咳嗽、寒饮咳喇患者慎服。
浮萍:入药部位为浮萍科植物紫萍的干燥全草。味辛,性寒。归肺经。宣散风热,透疹,利尿。用于麻疹不透,风疹瘙痒,水肿尿少。
苦瓜:味苦,生则性寒,熟则性温。生食清暑泻火,解热除烦;熟食养血滋肝,润脾补肾,能除邪热、解劳乏、清心明目、益气壮阳。
木贼:药用部位为木贼科植物木贼的干燥全草。甘、苦,平。归肺、肝、胆经。疏风散热,解肌,退翳。主治目生云翳,迎风流泪,肠风下血,血痢,脱肝,疟疾,喉痛,痈肿。气血虚者慎服。
栀子:入药部位是茜草科植物栀子的果实。苦,寒。归心、肺、三焦经。泻火除烦,清热利湿,凉血解毒;外用消肿止痛。用于热病心烦,湿热黄疸,淋证涩痛,血热吐衄,目赤肿痛,火毒疮疡,外治扭挫伤痛。栀子苦寒伤胃,脾虚便溏者不宜用。
穿心草:入药部位为龙胆科穿心草属植物穿心草的全草。微甘、微苦,平。清热解毒,活血止痛。治肺热咳嗽,肝炎,钩端螺旋体病,黄疸,胸痛,胃痛,跌打内瘀,毒蛇咬伤。
滑石粉:为白色或类白色、微细、无砂性的粉末,手摸有油腻感。无臭,无味。药源基础为硅酸盐类矿物滑石的块状体。甘淡,寒。入胃、膀胱经。清热,渗湿,利窍。治暑热烦渴,小便不利,水泻,热痢,淋病,黄疸,水肿,衄血,脚气,皮肤湿烂。
木通:入药部位为木通科植物木通、三叶木通或白木通的干燥藤茎。味苦,性寒。归心、小肠、膀胱经。有利尿通淋,清心除烦,通经下乳的功效。用于淋证,水肿,心烦尿赤,口舌生疮,经闭乳少,湿热痹痛。
蒲公英:苦甘,寒。入肝、胃经。清热解毒,利尿散结。治急性乳腺炎,淋巴腺炎,瘰疬,疔毒疮肿,急性结膜炎,感冒发热,急性扁桃体炎,急性支气管炎,胃炎,肝炎,胆囊炎,尿路感染。阳虚外寒、脾胃虚弱者忌用。
白牛膝:药源基础为石竹科植物短瓣花的根或全草。甘,苦,性平。归肝,脾经。活血化瘀,通淋泄浊,解毒消肿。主治血瘀痛经,经闭,倒经,热淋,血淋,白浊,白带,痹痛入络,经脉拘挛,跌打损伤,痈肿疮毒,乳蛾,白喉。
鲟鱼:入药部位为鲟科动物中华鲟的肉。甘,平。《本草提要》:入手太阴,厥阴经。益气补虚,活血通淋。
虫椹草:辛甘温,归肝、肾经气微,味甜、微苦。虫椹草含有微量生物碱、维生素、微量元素等。含有胡萝卜甙,香草酸,丁二酸,β-谷甾醇,柠檬酸、异柠檬酸、甘露醇,N,N-二甲基甘按酸甲酯和苯丙氨酸,缬氨酸,亮氨酸,异亮氨酸,赖氨酸,苏氨酸等十五种氨基酸及琥珀酸,三十烷醇,多糖类。维生素含有维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B12、维生素C等。此外还含有麦芽醇、廿九烷、山柰酚、黄酮甙及铜、锌、铁、锰等二十多种微量元素。主要用于肾虚阳痿,遗精早泄及腰膝冷痛,筋骨痉弱,不孕提高精子质量,更年期高血压,祛风湿等。肾阴虚肝火及大便稀释者不适。
制首乌:本品为何首乌的炮制加工品。味苦、甘、涩,性温平。归肝,肾经。补肝肾,益精血,乌须发,强筋骨,化浊降脂。用于血虚萎黄,眩晕耳呜,须发早白,腰膝酸软,肢体麻木,崩漏带下,高脂血症。
黄精:入药部位为百合科植物滇黄精、黄精或多花黄精的燥根茎。味甘,性平。归脾、肺、肾经。补气养阴,健脾,润肺,益肾。用于脾胃气虚,体倦乏力,胃阴不足,口干食少,肺虚燥咳,劳嗽咳血,精血不足,腰膝酸软,须发早白,内热消渴。
赤石脂:为硅酸盐类矿物多水高岭石族多水高岭石,主含四水硅酸铝。味甘、酸、涩,性温。归大肠、胃经。涩肠,止血,生肌敛疮。用于久泻久痢,大便出血,崩漏带下;外治疮疡久溃不敛,湿疮脓水浸淫。
蛇床子:入药部位为伞形科植物蛇床的干燥成熟果实。味辛、苦,性温。归肾经。燥湿祛风,杀虫止痒,温肾壮阳。用于阴痒带下,湿疹瘙痒,湿痹腰痛,肾虚阳痿,宫冷不孕。
山茱萸:入药部位为山茱萸科植物山茱萸的干燥成熟果肉。味酸、涩,性微温。归肝、肾经。补益肝肾,收涩固脱。用于眩晕耳呜,腰膝酸痛,阳痿遗精,遗尿尿频,崩漏带下,大汗虚脱,内热消渴。
红参:是人参的熟制品。大补元气,固脱生津,安神。治劳伤虚损,食少,倦怠,反胃吐食,大便滑泄,虚咳喘促,自汗暴脱,惊悸,健忘,眩晕头痛,阳痿,尿频,消渴,妇女崩漏,小儿慢惊,及久虚不复,一切气血津液不足之证。从保健强身角度来说,红参则是气血不足且偏阳虚者的补益佳品,凡出现经常怕冷、手脚不暖、眩晕倦怠、四肢乏力、易疲劳、气短喘促、时感胃中寒冷、长期腹泻、失眠多梦、阳痿尿频等表现,都可选用红参进补。
炙甘草:含有甘草甜素、甘草次酸、甘草多糖等多种化学成分,具有抗炎及抗变态反应作用,可调节机体免疫功能,抗肿瘤和止痛作用。因此炙甘草的主要功效是和中缓急,润肺,解毒,调和诸药。常用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心动悸,脉结代,可解附子毒。
流行性出血热由湿热毒邪侵入人体,在病理变化上以肾脏损害为主,而其病变过程中的各种表现则多与瘀血密切相关。湿阻气机,热灼津液,毒邪内盛,络脉受损,皆可致瘀热内阻,从而出现各种见证。如瘀因留滞于体内,郁久生热,内外之热相互胶结,湿热更甚,促使病情迅速恶化;热毒炽盛,灼伤脉络,复因瘀血阻络,因不循经,溢于脉外,故为肌衄、鼻衄、吐血、尿血等出血症,后期血损气耗,气不摄血,可导致全身性广泛出血;瘀血内陷心包,扰乱神明,可致昏迷谵语。瘀热内盛,全身脉络、五脏六腑无不涉及,而以肾脏损伤最为严重。肾瘀脉损,多见尿血、腰痛;湿热毒瘀充斥三焦,气机受阻,水道不通,气化失司,致水液内停,出现少尿,尿闭、水肿;水液不得从溲而出,水气上逆,凌心犯肺则咳喘气闭,心悸不得卧;肾为胃之关,肾不化气,胃气上逆,发为关格(相当于急性肾功能衰竭);病变后期,如治疗得当,瘀热消退,但肾气已虚,固摄无权,水液直趋膀胱,遂出现多尿症。此时正气已虚而余邪未清,最易反复。
基于上述中医理论以及多年临床治疗经验,本发明人以辛凉解表,透热解毒、利尿通淋、温阳固脱为治疗原则,发明了一种治疗流行性出血热的软胶囊。方中,牛蒡子、薄荷、蝉蜕、升麻、前胡共为君药,牛蒡子疏散风热,宣肺利咽,解毒透疹,消肿疗疮,薄荷疏散风热,清利头目,利咽透疹,疏肝行气,蝉蜕疏散风热,利咽开音,透疹,明目退翳,息风止痉,升麻发表透疹,清热解毒,升阳举陷,前胡降气化痰,散风清热,共奏辛凉解表、疏散风热之功;浮萍、苦瓜、木贼、栀子、穿心草为臣药,浮萍宣散风热,透疹,利尿,苦瓜生食清暑泻火,解热除烦,木贼疏风散热,栀子泻火除烦,清热利湿,凉血解毒,穿心草清热解毒,活血止痛,此五味药合用具有透热解毒、活血通淋的作用,辅助君药辛凉解表、疏散风热,薄荷、蝉蜕清透其表,前胡宣解其风,浮萍宣散风热,栀子、穿心草清热解毒,薄荷、蝉蜕、前胡、浮萍、栀子、穿心草配伍,相辅相成,则湿邪热气均透达矣,以消灭散发侵入人体的湿热毒邪,消除湿阻气机,热灼津液,毒邪内盛,促使病患快速度过发热期;滑石粉清热,渗湿,利窍,木通有利尿通淋,清心除烦,通经下乳的功效,蒲公英清热解毒,利尿散结,白牛膝活血化瘀,通淋泄浊,解毒消肿,鲟鱼益气补虚,活血通淋,针对湿热毒瘀充斥三焦,气机受阻,水道不通,气化失司,致水液内停,出现少尿、尿闭、水肿,发挥活血散瘀、利尿通淋的作用,使病患快速度过少尿期,共为佐药;本病病因虽为湿热毒邪侵入人体,但是在病理变化上以肾脏损害为主,肾气亏损,故以虫椹草、制首乌、黄精、赤石脂、蛇床子、山茱萸、红参、炙甘草等补肝肾、温阳固脱、增强机体免疫功能的药物为使药,其中虫椹草补肾固精,制首乌补肝肾,益精血,乌须发,强筋骨,化浊降脂,黄精补气养阴,健脾,润肺,益肾,赤石脂涩肠止血,生肌敛疮,蛇床子燥湿祛风,杀虫止痒,温肾壮阳,山茱萸补益肝肾,收涩固脱,红参大补元气,固脱生津,安神,炙甘草调节机体免疫功能,和中缓急,润肺,解毒,调和诸药。本发明配方按照君臣佐使原则,其中的药物药效相辅相成,相互增益,针对病变前期湿热毒邪侵入人体,湿阻气机,热灼津液,毒邪内盛,络脉受损,病变中期的湿热毒瘀充斥三焦,气机受阻,水道不通,气化失司,致水液内停,出现少尿,尿闭、水肿,病变后期瘀热消退,但肾气已虚,固摄无权,水液直趋膀胱,遂出现多尿症,发挥辛凉解表,透热解毒、利尿通淋、温阳固脱的功效,促使病患除湿透热,迅速度过发热期,并利尿通淋以预防少尿,尿闭、水肿的状况,最后温阳固脱,预防多尿导致脱水,并滋补肝肾、增强肌体免疫功能,从根本上治疗此病,以防止正气已虚而余邪未清导致病情反复,彻底快速治愈流行性出血热。
本发明的制备方法中,将牛蒡子、蝉蜕、前胡、浮萍、木贼、栀子、穿心草、木通、蒲公英、白牛膝、制首乌、黄精、蛇床子、山茱萸、炙甘草粉末经无菌水浸泡一段时间后,药材变软,细胞膨胀,有效成分容易被煎出,并且药材含有淀粉、蛋白质,经浸泡后,防止在煎煮时,药材表面的淀粉糊化,蛋白质凝固,堵塞药材表面的毛细孔道,使在煎煮时水分进不去,有效成分不易被煎出,影响药物疗效,且可以改变药物的刺激性作用;升麻、苦瓜加适量水进行研磨榨汁,节约药材原料,提高利用率;将虫椹草、红参超微粉碎以粉末入药,可最大限度保留其中的有效成分;最后将以上成分与乳糖、预胶化淀粉、海藻酸钾、巴西棕榈蜡等辅料制备成缓释片,能够在体内实现持久、缓慢的释放药物,血药浓度平稳,波动小,从而降低给药频率,口服每日2次,提高患者依从性。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明是在传统中医理论和临床经验指导下,精选的药物组方符合中医理论和中华人民共和国药典要求,对人体无毒副作用,所有原药料按照君臣佐使的原则协调在一起,其中的药物药效相辅相成,相互增益,针对病变前期湿热毒邪侵入人体,湿阻气机,热灼津液,毒邪内盛,络脉受损,病变中期的湿热毒瘀充斥三焦,气机受阻,水道不通,气化失司,致水液内停,出现少尿,尿闭、水肿,病变后期瘀热消退,但肾气已虚,固摄无权,水液直趋膀胱,遂出现多尿症,发挥辛凉解表,透热解毒、利尿通淋、温阳固脱的功效,促使病患除湿透热,迅速度过发热期,并利尿通淋以预防少尿,尿闭、水肿的状况,最后温阳固脱,预防多尿导致脱水,并滋补肝肾、增强肌体免疫功能,从根本上治疗此病,以防止正气已虚而余邪未清导致病情反复,彻底快速治愈流行性出血热。
(2)本发明的制备方法中,将牛蒡子、蝉蜕、前胡、浮萍、木贼、栀子、穿心草、木通、蒲公英、白牛膝、制首乌、黄精、蛇床子、山茱萸、炙甘草粉末经无菌水浸泡一段时间后,药材变软,细胞膨胀,有效成分容易被煎出,并且药材含有淀粉、蛋白质,经浸泡后,防止在煎煮时,药材表面的淀粉糊化,蛋白质凝固,堵塞药材表面的毛细孔道,使在煎煮时水分进不去,有效成分不易被煎出,影响药物疗效,且可以改变药物的刺激性作用;升麻、苦瓜加适量水进行研磨榨汁,节约药材原料,提高利用率;将虫椹草、红参超微粉碎以粉末入药,可最大限度保留其中的有效成分;最后将以上成分与乳糖、预胶化淀粉、海藻酸钾、巴西棕榈蜡等辅料制备成缓释片,能够在体内实现持久、缓慢的释放药物,血药浓度平稳,波动小,从而降低给药频率,口服每日2次,提高患者依从性。
(3)本发明制备成缓释片,通过控制药物在血液中的浓度以便维持药效,减少药物释放达峰次数,对患者的脏器还有一定保护,且在治疗上辨证施治,针对流行性出血热疗效明确,对症性强,在有效治疗流行性出血热的同时,可促使病患快速渡过发病前期、中期,到达后期,滋补肝肾,缩短发病期。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例1
一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片,所述缓释片由以下重量份数的原料组成:牛蒡子20份、薄荷10份、蝉蜕20份、升麻20份、前胡20份、浮萍10份、苦瓜20份、木贼10份、栀子8份、穿心草8份、滑石粉4份、木通5份、蒲公英6份、白牛膝10份、鲟鱼10份、虫椹草6份、制首乌10份、黄精10份、赤石脂5份、蛇床子8份、山茱萸5份、红参10份、炙甘草10份、乳糖5份、预胶化淀粉3份、海藻酸钾3份、巴西棕榈蜡4份、脱乙酰壳多糖1份、月桂醇硫酸镁0.5份、聚山梨酯0.5份。
所述治疗流行性出血热的缓释片的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将牛蒡子、薄荷、蝉蜕、前胡、浮萍、木贼、栀子、穿心草、木通、蒲公英、白牛膝、制首乌、黄精、蛇床子、山茱萸、炙甘草研磨粉碎至50目,将牛蒡子、蝉蜕、前胡、浮萍、木贼、栀子、穿心草、木通、蒲公英、白牛膝、制首乌、黄精、蛇床子、山茱萸、炙甘草混和后加入其总重量份数3倍的无菌水浸泡1h,备用;
(2)用网格布包滑石粉,与赤石脂混合,加入其总重量份数3倍的无菌水小火煎煮1h,然后加入步骤(1)所浸泡的中药及其浸泡液,继续小火煎煮2h,分离取出煎煮液,然后向药材中加入薄荷粉末、鲟鱼和药材总重量份数3倍的无菌水小火煎煮1h,分离取出煎煮液,合并两次煎煮液并过500目网筛,备用;
(3)将升麻、苦瓜加适量水进行研磨榨汁后静置1h,所得滤液过500目网筛,备用;
(4)将步骤(2)制得的煎煮液和步骤(3)制得的滤液混合,送加入低温真空浓缩机中,低温浓缩(40℃以下)至相对密度为1.20±0.02的浓缩液,备用;
(5)将虫椹草、红参研磨粉碎至300目,得到中药粉末,备用;
(6)分别取三分之二质量的乳糖、预胶化淀粉、海藻酸钾、巴西棕榈蜡、脱乙酰壳多糖、聚山梨酯,与步骤(4)制得的浓缩液混合均匀进行湿法制粒,并干燥后整粒过30目筛,得整粒I;
(7)取剩余三分之一质量的乳糖、预胶化淀粉、海藻酸钾、巴西棕榈蜡、脱乙酰壳多糖、聚山梨酯,与步骤(5)制得的浓缩液混合均匀进行湿法制粒,并干燥后整粒过30目筛,得整粒II;
(8)将步骤(6)、(7)所得的整粒I、整粒II与月桂醇硫酸镁送入三维混合机混合,压片,分装,即得所述的缓释片。
实施例2
一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片,所述缓释片由以下重量份数的原料组成:牛蒡子25份、薄荷15份、蝉蜕30份、升麻25份、前胡25份、浮萍18份、苦瓜25份、木贼15份、栀子12份、穿心草12份、滑石粉8份、木通10份、蒲公英11份、白牛膝15份、鲟鱼15份、虫椹草8份、制首乌15份、黄精15份、赤石脂8份、蛇床子10份、山茱萸7份、红参13份、炙甘草15份、乳糖8份、预胶化淀粉4份、海藻酸钾4份、巴西棕榈蜡5份、脱乙酰壳多糖2份、月桂醇硫酸镁0.75份、聚山梨酯0.75份。
本实施例的制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同。
实施例3
一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片,所述缓释片由以下重量份数的原料组成:牛蒡子30份、薄荷20份、蝉蜕40份、升麻30份、前胡30份、浮萍25份、苦瓜30份、木贼20份、栀子16份、穿心草16份、滑石粉12份、木通15份、蒲公英16份、白牛膝20份、鲟鱼20份、虫椹草10份、制首乌20份、黄精20份、赤石脂10份、蛇床子12份、山茱萸10份、红参16份、炙甘草20份、乳糖10份、预胶化淀粉5份、海藻酸钾5份、巴西棕榈蜡6份、脱乙酰壳多糖3份、月桂醇硫酸镁1份、聚山梨酯1份。
本实施例的制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同。
实施例4
本发明的脆碎度检查
根据《中国药典》2010版(二部)附录XG片剂脆碎度检查法检查。
所用仪器:脆碎度测试仪。
方法:检查法片重为0.65g或以下者取若干片,使其总重约为6.5g;片重大于0.65g者取10片。用吹风机吹去脱落的粉末,精密称重,置圆筒中,转动100次。取出,同法除去粉末,精密称重,减失重量不得过1%,且不得检出断裂、龟裂及粉碎的片。本试验一般仅作1次。如减失重量超过1%时,应复检2次,3次的平均减失重量不得过1%,并不得检出断裂、龟裂及粉碎的片。
结果:本发明的实施例1-3制得的缓释片经脆碎度试验检查均符合规定。
实施例5
本发明的释放度检查
按照中国药典2010版二部附录XD释放度测定法第一法,采用溶出度测定法的装置,以水为释放介质,分别测定实施例1-3所制得样品的释放度。各样品均在1h、2h、8h、12h取样,通过HPLC检测,硫酸氨基葡萄糖(%)结果见表1。
结论:本发明的缓释片体外释放度结果表明该缓释片具有缓慢释放药物,药物浓度平稳,波动小的特点。
实施例6
临床试验研究:
发明人共收集76例流行性出血热病患,患者均符合卫生部1997年制定的《全国流行性出血热防治方案》诊断标准,可以确诊为流行性出血热。病患的病程、症状轻重程度基本一致,无显著差异。
2、治疗方法
口服,每日两次,每次2粒。
10天为一个疗程,治疗一个疗程后记录结果。
3、疗效评定
治愈:血小板计数恢复正常和出血停止。
好转:患者的病情好转,出血减少。
未愈:出血未停止或出血加重。
4、治疗结果
经过一个疗程的治疗后,76例病患中,治愈49例,好转27例,未愈0例;经统计学分析治愈率达64.47%,总有效率达35.53%,并且在治疗过程中,未见任何不良反应或毒副作用,表明用药安全有效,且有一半以上的病患在10天内被治愈。停药后无复发。
5、典型病例
病例1:刘某,17岁,头痛、腰痛,面部、颈部潮红,并发热,体温38.9℃,血压108/60,腋下及上腭见散在针尖大小出血点,诊为流行型出血热。服用本发明的缓释片两天后发热消失,体温正常,体表出血疹点和瘀斑逐渐消退,血压正常,出血症状、体征全部消失,第三天出现少尿情况,服用一天后排尿次数增多,继续服药两天至多尿期,然后服用4天作为巩固,各项检查正常,期间多尿期症状基本未出现。用药过程中未见任何不良反应及毒副作用。
病例2:隋某,27岁,出现高热、头痛、腰痛、恶心、呕吐等症状,体温39.5℃,血压138/80,咽部明显充血,腋下、胸及背部散有瘀点,上腹部压痛,诊为流行型出血热。服用本发明的缓释片两天后发热消失,体温正常,体表出血点和瘀点逐渐消退,血压正常,出血症状、体征全部消失,第三天出现少尿情况,服用两天后排尿次数增多,继续服药两天至多尿期,然后服用3天作为巩固,各项检查正常,期间多尿期症状基本未出现。用药过程中未见任何不良反应及毒副作用。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人了解本发明内容并加以实施,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片,其特征在于,所述缓释片由以下重量份数的原料组成:牛蒡子20-30份、薄荷10-20份、蝉蜕20-40份、升麻20-30份、前胡20-30份、浮萍10-25份、苦瓜20-30份、木贼10-20份、栀子8-16份、穿心草8-16份、滑石粉4-12份、木通5-15份、蒲公英6-16份、白牛膝10-20份、鲟鱼10-20份、虫椹草6-10份、制首乌10-20份、黄精10-20份、赤石脂5-10份、蛇床子8-12份、山茱萸5-10份、红参10-16份、炙甘草10-20份、乳糖5-10份、预胶化淀粉3-5份、海藻酸钾3-5份、巴西棕榈蜡4-6份、脱乙酰壳多糖1-3份、月桂醇硫酸镁0.5-1份、聚山梨酯0.5-1份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片,其特征在于,所述缓释片由以下重量份数的原料组成:牛蒡子20份、薄荷10份、蝉蜕20份、升麻20份、前胡20份、浮萍10份、苦瓜20份、木贼10份、栀子8份、穿心草8份、滑石粉4份、木通5份、蒲公英6份、白牛膝10份、鲟鱼10份、虫椹草6份、制首乌10份、黄精10份、赤石脂5份、蛇床子8份、山茱萸5份、红参10份、炙甘草10份、乳糖5份、预胶化淀粉3份、海藻酸钾3份、巴西棕榈蜡4份、脱乙酰壳多糖1份、月桂醇硫酸镁0.5份、聚山梨酯0.5份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片,其特征在于,所述缓释片由以下重量份数的原料组成:牛蒡子25份、薄荷15份、蝉蜕30份、升麻25份、前胡25份、浮萍18份、苦瓜25份、木贼15份、栀子12份、穿心草12份、滑石粉8份、木通10份、蒲公英11份、白牛膝15份、鲟鱼15份、虫椹草8份、制首乌15份、黄精15份、赤石脂8份、蛇床子10份、山茱萸7份、红参13份、炙甘草15份、乳糖8份、预胶化淀粉4份、海藻酸钾4份、巴西棕榈蜡5份、脱乙酰壳多糖2份、月桂醇硫酸镁0.75份、聚山梨酯0.75份。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗流行性出血热的缓释片,其特征在于,所述缓释片由以下重量份数的原料组成:牛蒡子30份、薄荷20份、蝉蜕40份、升麻30份、前胡30份、浮萍25份、苦瓜30份、木贼20份、栀子16份、穿心草16份、滑石粉12份、木通15份、蒲公英16份、白牛膝20份、鲟鱼20份、虫椹草10份、制首乌20份、黄精20份、赤石脂10份、蛇床子12份、山茱萸10份、红参16份、炙甘草20份、乳糖10份、预胶化淀粉5份、海藻酸钾5份、巴西棕榈蜡6份、脱乙酰壳多糖3份、月桂醇硫酸镁1份、聚山梨酯1份。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的治疗流行性出血热的缓释片的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将牛蒡子、薄荷、蝉蜕、前胡、浮萍、木贼、栀子、穿心草、木通、蒲公英、白牛膝、制首乌、黄精、蛇床子、山茱萸、炙甘草研磨粉碎至50目,将牛蒡子、蝉蜕、前胡、浮萍、木贼、栀子、穿心草、木通、蒲公英、白牛膝、制首乌、黄精、蛇床子、山茱萸、炙甘草混和后加入其总重量份数3倍的无菌水浸泡1h,备用;
(2)用网格布包滑石粉,与赤石脂混合,加入其总重量份数3倍的无菌水小火煎煮1h,然后加入步骤(1)所浸泡的中药及其浸泡液,继续小火煎煮2h,分离取出煎煮液,然后向药材中加入薄荷粉末、鲟鱼和药材总重量份数3倍的无菌水小火煎煮1h,分离取出煎煮液,合并两次煎煮液并过500目网筛,备用;
(3)将升麻、苦瓜加适量水进行研磨榨汁后静置1h,所得滤液过500目网筛,备用;
(4)将步骤(2)制得的煎煮液和步骤(3)制得的滤液混合,送加入低温真空浓缩机中,低温浓缩(40℃以下)至相对密度为1.20±0.02的浓缩液,备用;
(5)将虫椹草、红参研磨粉碎至300目,得到中药粉末,备用;
(6)分别取三分之二质量的乳糖、预胶化淀粉、海藻酸钾、巴西棕榈蜡、脱乙酰壳多糖、聚山梨酯,与步骤(4)制得的浓缩液混合均匀进行湿法制粒,并干燥后整粒过30目筛,得整粒I;
(7)取剩余三分之一质量的乳糖、预胶化淀粉、海藻酸钾、巴西棕榈蜡、脱乙酰壳多糖、聚山梨酯,与步骤(5)制得的浓缩液混合均匀进行湿法制粒,并干燥后整粒过30目筛,得整粒II;
(8)将步骤(6)、(7)所得的整粒I、整粒II与月桂醇硫酸镁送入三维混合机混合,压片,分装,即得所述的缓释片。
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