CN104350048A - 5-[5-苯基-4-(吡啶-2-基甲氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-磺酰胺的氨基磷酸前药 - Google Patents
5-[5-苯基-4-(吡啶-2-基甲氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-磺酰胺的氨基磷酸前药 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/645—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6509—Six-membered rings
- C07F9/6512—Six-membered rings having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07F9/65128—Six-membered rings having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 3 condensed with carbocyclic rings or carbocyclic ring systems
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6558—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system
- C07F9/65583—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system each of the hetero rings containing nitrogen as ring hetero atom
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Abstract
结构式I的化合物,其中R是H或-PO3H,或其药学上可接受的盐形式。所述化合物可用作钾通道功能的抑制剂且用于治疗和预防心律失常、IKur-相关病症及其它由离子通道功能介导的病症。
Description
本公开的领域
本公开一般涉及前药且更具体地说涉及氨基磷酸前药、其组合物及在治疗和预防心律失常、IKur-相关病症及其它由离子通道功能所介导的病症中使用此类化合物的方法。
本公开的背景
心房颤动(AF)是最常见类型的心律失常且通常在诊断脉搏时经临床上识别且可用心电图(ECG)进一步确认。AF引起心源性脑栓塞,其因此被认为是极大地影响重要的预后及生活质量的心律失常。已知AF的发作随年龄而增加,且反复地AF中风导致慢性AF (The
Journal of American Medical Association, 285:2370-2375 (2001)及Circulation, 114:119-123(2006))。
心脏复极化过程受几个外向电流的调节,其中认为超速延迟整流钾电流(IKur)起主要作用。该电流不存在于心室中且因此代表选择性地调节心房中动作电位(AP)的适宜标靶(Wang. Z等,"人心房心肌细胞中的持续的复极化诱导的外向电流:一种类似于Kv1.5的克隆通道电流的新的延迟整流K+电流的证据(Sustained
depolarization-induced outward current in human atrial myocytes: evidence for a
novel delayed rectifier K+ current similar to Kv1.5
cloned channels currents)", Circ Res., 73:1061-1076(1993);
Courtemanche, M等, "药物治疗和心房颤动诱导的电重构的离子标靶:来自数学模型的观察(Ionic targets for drug therapy
and atrial-fibrillation-induced electrical remodeling: insights from a
mathematical model)", Cardiovasc Res., 42:477-489(1999);及Nattel, S., "50年来关于心房颤动的新观念(New
ideas about atrial fibrillation 50 years on)", Nature, 415:219-226(2002))。
认为超速激活延迟整流K+电流(IKur)代表克隆钾通道特定Kv1.5的天然对应物(counterpart),且尽管其存在于人类心房中,但其表现出在人类心室中缺失。此外,由于其迅速活化及有限的缓慢失活,认为IKur显著地促进人类心房的复极化。因此,IKur的特异性阻滞剂(其是一种阻断Kv1.5的化合物)将通过延缓人类心房的复极化同时不引起心室复极化的延迟来延长不应性,以克服源自其它化合物的缺点,心室复极化的延迟是在去极化后的致心律失常性及用目前III类抗心律失常剂治疗期间所观察到的获得性长QT综合征的基础。用于预防和治疗AF的经改良药物应延长心房不应期及维持正常窦性心率而不影响心室。
PCT公布号WO 2011/028741 A1公开可用作钾通道功能的抑制剂的化合物,所述化合物用于治疗和预防心律失常、IKur-相关病症。此PCT公布的内容以引用方式结合到本文中。
IKur抑制剂化合物可显示pH-依赖性溶解度及pH-依赖性生物利用度。为在同时利用胃酸抑制疗法的患者中减轻生物利用度降低的长期可发展性风险,获得将减轻该性质的前药将是理想的。
前药是给予患者时在体内重新生成各个母体分子的新化学实体。前药策略或方法可用以明显地增强药物的性质或克服药物的医药或药代动力学性质中的固有缺陷。各种形式的前药为本领域熟知的且阐述于:
a) Wermuth, C.G等,药物化学实践(The Practice
of Medicinal Chemistry), 第31章, Academic Press (1996);
b) Bundgaard, H编辑,前药设计(Design of
Prodrugs), Elsevier (1985);
c) Bundgaard, H., 第5章, "前药设计和应用(Design and
Application of Prodrugs)", Krosgaard-Larsen, P等编辑, 药物设计和开发的教科书(A Textbook
of Drug Design and Development), 第113-191页, Harwood Academic Publishers (1991);和
d) Testa, B等, 药物和前药代谢中的水解(Hydrolysis in Drug and Prodrug Metabolism),
Wiley-VCH (2003)。
存在无数前药策略为调节用以母体药物重新生成的条件、前药的物理、药理或药代动力学性质及前药修饰可附接的官能团提供选择。具有期望性质的前药的识别经常很难且不那么直接。
本公开的概述
因此,本发明提供结构式I的化合物
其中R是H或-PO3H,或其药学上可接受的盐形式。
而且,本公开提供包含治疗有效量的至少一种结构式I的化合物的药用组合物。
此外,本公开提供一种治疗或预防心律失常的方法,其包括向有需要的患者给予有效量的至少一种结构式I的化合物。
另外,本公开提供一种控制心率的方法及治疗IKur-相关病况的方法,其包括向有需要的患者给予有效量的至少一种结构式I的化合物。
通过使用本文所述的各自有效量的至少一种化合物,提供治疗(包含改善)或预防心律失常、心房颤动、心房扑动、室上性心律失常、胃肠道紊乱(例如逆流性食道炎或运动障碍)、炎性或免疫性疾病(例如慢性阻塞性肺病)、糖尿病、认知障碍、偏头痛、癫痫、高血压或治疗IKur-相关病况或控制心率的方法。
还提供药用组合物,其包含治疗有效量的至少一种本文所述的化合物及其药学上可接受的媒介或载体。这样的组合物可进一步包含一或多种其它药物。例如,至少一种其它抗心律失常剂(例如索他洛尔、多非利特、地尔硫卓或维拉帕米),或至少一种钙通道阻滞剂,或至少一种抗血小板剂(例如氯吡格雷、坎格雷洛、噻氯匹定、CS-747、伊非曲班及阿司匹林),或至少一种抗高血压剂(例如β肾上腺素能阻滞剂、ACE抑制剂(例如卡托普利、佐芬普利、福辛普利、依那普利、谢拉诺普利(ceranopril)、西拉普利、地拉普利、喷托普利、喹那普利、雷米普利或赖诺普利)、A II拮抗剂、ET拮抗剂、双重ET/A II拮抗剂,或血管肽酶抑制剂(例如奥马曲拉或吉莫曲拉(gemopatrilat))),或至少一种抗血栓/抗血栓溶解剂(例如tPA、重组tPA、TNK、nPA、因子VIIa抑制剂、因子Xa抑制剂(例如雷扎沙班(razaxaban))、因子XIa抑制剂或凝血酶抑制剂),或至少一种抗凝血剂(例如华法林或肝素),或至少一种HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂(普伐他汀、洛伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、辛伐他汀、NK-104或ZD-4522),或至少一种抗糖尿病剂(例如双胍或双胍/格列本脲组合),或至少一种甲状腺模拟物,或至少一种盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂(例如螺内酯或依普利酮),或至少一种强心苷(例如洋地黄或毒毛旋花苷)。
还包含用于疗法中的化合物。还包含用于疗法中的化合物,其中该疗法是治疗(包含改善)或预防心律失常、心房颤动、心房扑动、室上性心律失常、胃肠道紊乱(例如逆流性食道炎或运动障碍)、炎性或免疫性疾病(例如慢性阻塞性肺疾病)、糖尿病、认知障碍、偏头痛、癫痫、高血压,或治疗IKur-相关病况或控制心率。并且进一步,其中该疗法是治疗或预防心律失常。
还包含式I、II或III的化合物在制备药物中的用途,该药物用于治疗或预防心律失常、心房颤动、心房扑动、室上性心律失常、胃肠道紊乱(例如逆流性食道炎或运动障碍)、炎性或免疫性疾病(例如慢性阻塞性肺疾病)、糖尿病、认知障碍、偏头痛、癫痫、高血压,或治疗IKur-相关病况,或控制心率。且进一步,用于心律失常的预防或治疗。
详细描述
以下所列的是用以阐述本公开的各个术语的定义。当术语在整个说明书(除非它们在特定情形下另有限制)中单独地或作为较长组的一部分使用时,所述定义适用于所述术语。
本发明还包含本发明的同位素标记的化合物,其中一或多个原子由具有相同原子数但原子量或质量数与通常在自然界中所发现的原子量或质量数不同的原子替代。适宜纳入本发明化合物中的同位素的实例包括氢(例如2H或D和3H或T)、碳(例如11C、13C和14C)、氯(例如36Cl)、氟(例如18F)、碘(例如123I和125I)、氮(例如13N和15N)、氧(例如15O、17O和18O)、磷(例如32P)和硫(例如35S)的同位素。本发明的某些同位素标记的化合物(例如掺有放射性同位素的那些)可用于药物和/或底物组织分布研究中。放射性同位素氚(3H)和碳-14(14C)因其易于掺入且容易的检测方法而尤其可用于此目的。用较重同位素(例如氘2H或D)进行替代可因更强的代谢稳定性而提供某些治疗优势,例如增加体内半衰期或降低剂量需求,且因此在一些情形下可为优选的。用正电子发射同位素(例如11C、18F、15O和13N)进行替代可用于正电子发射断层扫描(PET)研究中供检验底物受体占据情况。
“药学上可接受的”是指在合理医学判断范围内,适宜与人和动物组织接触而无过度毒性、刺激性、过敏反应或其它问题或并发症且与合理益处/风险比相称或另外已由美国食品与药品管理局(United States Food and Drug
Administration)批准的可接受用于人或家畜的那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型。
“治疗有效量”是指当给予受试者时足以有效治疗本文所述疾病或病症的化合物的量。构成“治疗有效量”的化合物的量将取决于化合物、病症及其严重程度以及欲治疗受试者的年龄而变化,但可由本领域普通技术人员以常规方式确定。
本文所用的“处理(treating)或治疗(treatment)”涵盖在受试者中(例如人类)本文所阐述的疾病或病症的治疗、预防和/或降低风险,或疾病或病症的症状的治疗、预防或降低风险,且包含:
i. 抑制疾病或病症,即遏制其进展;或
ii. 缓解疾病或病症,即引起病症消退。
“受试者”是指患有本文所阐述的一或多种疾病及病症或具有患所述疾病及病症的可能性的温血动物,例如哺乳动物(例如人类或人类儿童)。
术语“包含”、“例如”、“诸如”等意欲指示例性实施方案且并不限制本发明的范围。
本文所阐述含有酸性部分的化合物可与各种有机及无机碱形成盐。示例性碱性盐包括铵盐;碱金属盐(例如钠、锂及钾盐);碱土金属盐(例如钙及镁盐);与有机碱(例如有机胺)例如苄星(benzathine)、二环己基胺、哈胺(hydrabamine) (与N,N-双(去氢松香基)乙二胺(N,N-bis(dehydroabietyl)ethylenediamine)形成)、N-甲基-D-葡萄糖胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖酰胺(glucamides)、叔丁基胺形成的盐;及与氨基酸(例如精氨酸、赖氨酸等)形成的盐。
尽管已说明本发明化合物的盐在某些原子上具有负电荷(且因此,缺少氢),但应理解该负电荷可能存在于取代基的另一原子上,且其它氢原子之一可被移除(阴离子的互变异构体)。此外,该负电荷可存在于不同分子的不同原子上,由此形成阴离子的混合物。本发明并无意限于所述化合物上所示的阴离子电荷的特定描绘。
本公开的第一实施方案提供结构式I的化合物
其中R是H,或其药学上可接受的盐。
在本公开的第二实施方案中,提供具有结构式II的化合物
。
在本公开的第三实施方案中,提供结构式I及结构式II的盐,其中药学上可接受的盐是Na(+)、K(+)、Ca(+2)、Mg(+2)或(NH3 (+)-CH2-C(CH2OH))3。
在本公开的第四实施方案中,提供选自以下的化合物
或其互变异构体。
在本公开的第五实施方案中,提供式III的化合物
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在本公开的第六实施方案中,提供包括治疗有效量的至少一种式I或式II的化合物的药用组合物。
在第六方面的第一实施方案中,提供至少一种其它治疗剂。
在本公开的第七实施方案中,提供一种治疗或预防心律失常的方法,其包括向有需要的患者给予有效量的结构式I或结构式II的任一个的至少一种化合物。
在本公开的第八实施方案中,提供一种控制心率的方法,其包括向有需要的患者给予有效量的结构式I或结构式II的任一个的至少一种化合物。
在本公开的第九实施方案中,提供一种治疗IKur-相关病况的方法,其包括向有需要的患者给予有效量的结构式I或结构式II的任一个的至少一种化合物。
本发明可以其它特定形式体现,而不背离其精神或本质属性。本发明涵盖本文所提及的本发明的优选方面和/或实施方案的所有组合。应该理解,本发明的任一及所有实施方案可与任一其它实施方案或若干实施方案结合以阐述另外更优选的实施方案。还应理解,所述优选的实施方案的每一单独要素是其自身独立的优选实施方案。另外,实施方案的任一要素意欲与来自任一实施方案的任一及所有其它要素组合以阐述另外的实施方案。
本申请中(尤其包括在以下说明性实施例中)所用的缩写为本领域技术人员熟知的。一些使用的缩写列出如下:
Boc=叔丁氧基羰基
AcOH或HOAc=乙酸
CH2Cl2或DCM=二氯甲烷
CH3CN或ACN=乙腈
CDCl3=氘代氯仿
CHCl3=氯仿
Cs2CO3=碳酸铯
DEA=二乙胺
dil=稀释
DIPEA或Hunig's碱=二异丙基乙胺
DME=1,2-二甲氧基乙烷
DMF=二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO=二甲亚砜
cDNA=互补DNA
EDTA=乙二胺四乙酸
TEA或Et3N=三乙胺
EtOAc=乙酸乙酯
Et2O=乙醚
EtOH=乙醇
eq.=当量
HCl=盐酸
H2SO4=硫酸
K2CO3=碳酸钾
KOAc=乙酸钾
K3PO4=磷酸钾
LiOH=氢氧化锂
MeOH=甲醇
min=分钟
MgSO4=硫酸镁
NaCl=氯化钠
NaH=氢化钠
NaHCO3=碳酸氢钠
Na2CO3=碳酸钠
NaOH=氢氧化钠
Na2SO3=亚硫酸钠
Na2SO4=硫酸钠
NH3=氨
NH4Cl=氯化铵
NH4OH=氢氧化铵
PG=保护基团
POCl3=磷酰氯
i-PrOH或IPA=异丙醇
PS=聚苯乙烯
SiO2=二氧化硅
SnCl2=氯化锡(II)
TFA=三氟乙酸
THF=四氢呋喃。
提供以下实施例以说明而非限制本公开的某些优选的实施方案且并非意欲限制本公开的范围。除非另外说明,否则缩写及化学符号具有其通常及习用含义。除非另外说明,否则本文所述化合物已使用本文所公开的流程及其它方法来制备、分离及表征或可使用所述流程及方法来制备。
通用方法
除非另外提及,否则在工作实施例中均使用以下方法。
在实施例的表征中所采用的分析型HPLC及HPLC/MS方法说明如下:
在与Waters ZMD质谱仪偶联的Shimadzu
LC10AS系统上或与Waters MICROMASS® ZQ质谱仪偶联的Waters AQUITY®系统上实施反向分析型HPLC/MS。
方法A:
经3.2 min,0至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持1.5 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:Ascentis Express C18 (5×2.1 mm,2.7 μm);
流速:1 mL/min;
流动相A:10 mM NH4COOH,98%水,2%乙腈;
流动相B:10 mM NH4COOH,2%水,98%乙腈。
方法B:
经15 min,10至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持12 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:XBridge phenyl (4.6×150 mm) 3.5微米SC/
1072;
流速:1 mL/min;
缓冲液:于水中的0.05% TFA pH 2.5
流动相A:缓冲液:乙腈(95:5);
流动相B:乙腈:缓冲液(95:5)。
方法C:
经15 min,10至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持12 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:SUNFIRE C18 (4.6×150 mm) 3.5微米SC/
862;
流速:1 mL/min;
缓冲液:于水中的0.05% TFA pH 2.5
流动相A:缓冲液:乙腈(95:5);
流动相B:乙腈:缓冲液(95:5)。
方法D:
经2 min,0至100% B的线性梯度;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:PUROSPHER@star RP-18 (5×55 mm,3 μm);
流速:2.5 mL/min;
缓冲液:于水中的10 mM NH4OAc;
流动相A:缓冲液:乙腈(90:10);
流动相B:乙腈:缓冲液(10:90)。
方法E:
经23 min,0至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持18 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:XBridge phenyl (4.6×150 mm) 3.5微米;
流速:1 mL/min;
缓冲液:于水中的0.05% TFA pH 2.5;
流动相A:缓冲液:乙腈(95:5);
流动相B:乙腈:缓冲液(95:5)。
方法F:
经30 min,10至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持25 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:XBridge phenyl (4.6×150 mm),3.5微米;
流速:1 mL/min;
缓冲液:于水中的0.05% TFA pH 2.5;
流动相A:缓冲液:乙腈(95:5);
流动相B:乙腈:缓冲液(95:5)。
方法G
经30min,10至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持25 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:SUNFIRE C18 (4.6×150 mm) 3.5微米;
流速:1 mL/min;
缓冲液:于水中的0.05% TFA pH 2.5;
流动相A:缓冲液:乙腈(95:5);
流动相B:乙腈:缓冲液(95:5)。
方法H
经15 min,10至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持12 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:XBridge phenyl(4.6×150 mm) 3.5微米SC/
749;
流速:1 mL/min;
缓冲液:于水中的0.05% TFA pH 2.5;
流动相A:缓冲液:乙腈(95:5);
流动相B:乙腈:缓冲液(95:5)。
方法I
经3.2 min,0至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持1.5 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:Ascentis Express C8 (5×2.1 mm,2.7 μm);
流速:1 mL/min;
流动相A:10 mM NH4COOH,98%水,2%乙腈;
流动相B:10 mM NH4COOH,2%水,98%乙腈。
方法J
经30 min,10至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持25 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:SUNFIRE C18 (4.6×150 mm) 3.5微米SC/
862;
流速:1 mL/min;
缓冲液:于水中的0.05% TFA pH 2.5;
流动相A:缓冲液:乙腈(95:5);
流动相B:乙腈:缓冲液(95:5)。
方法K:
经15 min,10至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持12 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:XBridge phenyl (4.6×150 mm) 3.5微米;
流速:1 mL/min;
缓冲液:于水中的0.05% TFA pH 2.5;
流动相A:缓冲液:乙腈(95:5);
流动相B:乙腈:缓冲液(95:5)。
方法L
经2.5 min,0至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持2 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:PUROSPHER@star RP-18(4×55 mm,3 μm);
流速:2.5 mL/min;
缓冲液:于水中的20 mM NH4OAc;
流动相A:缓冲液:乙腈(90:10);
流动相B:乙腈:缓冲液(10:90)。
方法M
经30 min,10至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持25 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:Eclipse XDB C18 (150×4.6 mm,3.5 μm);
流速:1.0mL/min;
流动相A:于水中的20 mM
NH4OAc;
流动相B:乙腈。
方法N
经2 min,0至100% B的线性梯度,在0% B处保持3 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:ZORBAX® SB C18 (50×4.6 mm,5 μm);
流速:5.0 mL/min;
流动相A:10%
MeOH-90% H2O-0.1% TFA;
流动相B:90%
MeOH-10% H2O-0.1% TFA。
方法O:
经15 min,10至100% B的线性梯度,在100% B下保持12 min;
在220 nm下UV检视;
柱:SUNFIRE C18 (4.6×150 mm,3.5微米);
流速:1 mL/min;
缓冲液:于水中的0.05% TFA pH 2.5;
流动相A:缓冲液:乙腈(95:5);
流动相B:乙腈:缓冲液(95:5)。
1H NMR光谱是用Bruker或JEOL FOURIER®变换光谱仪在以下频率下操作来获得:1H NMR:400 MHz (Bruker或JEOL)或500MHz (JEOL)。13C NMR:100 MHz (Bruker或JEOL)。光谱数据是报告于以下格式中:化学位移(多重性、偶联常数及氢的数目)。化学位移在四甲基硅烷内标(δ单位,四甲基硅烷=0 ppm)的ppm低场中和/或参照溶剂峰指定,在1H NMR光谱中CD2HSOCD3出现在2.49 ppm处,CD2HOD在3.30 ppm处,CHCl3在7.24 ppm处,且在13C NMR光谱中CD3SOCD3出现在39.7 ppm处,CD3OD在49.0 ppm处且CDCl3在77.0 ppm处。所有13C NMR光谱经质子解偶联。
实施例1
5-(5-苯基-4-(吡啶-2-基甲氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基磺酰基氨基磷酸(2)
5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-磺酰胺(1)的制备可见于WO 2011/028741。
向在DCM (50 mL)中的5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-磺酰胺(1) (3.0
g,6.4 mmol)的溶液中添加DIPEA
(2.237 mL,12.81 mmol)且将反应混合物搅拌20 min。在0℃下添加POCl3 (2.39 mL,25.6
mmol)且将反应混合物搅拌4 h。在真空下去除DCM及过量POCl3且将残余物溶解于100
mL水中并搅拌1 h。过滤所得固体且将固体用过量水洗涤并在真空下干燥,得到5-(5-苯基-4-(吡啶-2-基甲氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基磺酰基氨基磷酸(2) (2.5 g,4.6
mmol,71%产率,97%纯度,灰白色)。
重结晶方法:向在DMSO (100 mL)中的非晶型((5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基)氨基磷酸(2) (6.00
g,10.9 mmol) (HPLC纯度97%)的溶液添加水(40 mL)且将悬浮液搅拌1 h。将所得固体过滤且用水洗涤若干次并在真空下干燥,获得纯结晶((5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基)氨基磷酸(2) (4.6
g,8.4 mmol,77%产率)。
1H NMR
(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 4.78 (d,
J =4 Hz, 2H), 6.91 (t, J =4 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.33 (m, 3H), 7.59-7.52
(m, 5H), 7.89-7.82 (m, 1H), 7.93 (dd, J =2.4 & 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.35-8.33
(m, 1H), 9.09 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 9.28 (t, J = 2 Hz, 1H), 9.75
(s, 1H)。ESI MS+:549。HPLC:纯度99.3%,保留时间=6.30 min。方法B。MS条件:质量范围:m/z
100-1200。离子化及模式:ESI+正模式。元素分析:MF C25H21N6O5PS.
4H2O,计算值C,48.57;H,4.69;N,13.53;S,5.46;H2O,11.53;实测值C,48.26;H,4.80;N,13.19;S,5.53;H2O,12.42。
实施例2
(5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基氨基磷酸三钠(3)
向在乙醇(3 mL)中的((5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基)氨基磷酸(2)
(0.030 g,0.054 mmol)的悬浮液中添加存于0.500 mL水中的NaOH (6.40 mg,0.161 mmol)。将反应混合物在氮气氛下,于室温搅拌2 h。将反应混合物浓缩至干燥且将残余物用乙酸乙酯(2×8 mL)、丙酮(2×8 mL)及乙腈(2×8 mL)洗涤,提供呈粉红色固体的(5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基氨基磷酸三钠(3) (0.028 g,0.046 mmol,85%产率)。1H NMR
(400 MHz,氧化氘) δ
(ppm) 4.54 (s, 2H), 7.11 (d, J = 7.78 Hz, 1H), 7.18 - 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.28
- 7.41 (m, 5H), 7.61 - 7.79 (m, 3H), 8.28 (d, J = 4.52 Hz, 1H), 8.89 -
8.95 (m, 1H), 9.08 (d, J = 2.01 Hz, 1H), 9.20 (d, J = 1.76 Hz,
1H); LCMS方法D;保留时间1.24
min, [M+1] = 469。HPLC方法C:纯度95.1%,保留时间6.18 min,HPLC方法E:纯度94.0%,保留时间12.16 min。元素分析:化合物具吸湿性且未获得精确EA。
实施例3
(5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基氨基磷酸二钠(4)
向在乙醇(5 mL)中的((5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基)氨基磷酸(2)
(0.070 g,0.13 mmol)的悬浮液中添加在1 mL水中的NaOH (9.95 mg,0.249
mmol)。将反应混合物在氮气氛下,于室温搅拌2 h。将反应混合物浓缩至干燥且将残余物用乙酸乙酯(2×10
mL)、丙酮(2×10
mL)及乙腈(2×15
mL)洗涤,提供呈黄色固体的(5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基氨基磷酸二钠(4)
(0.040 g,0.068 mmol,52%产率)。1H NMR
(400 MHz,氧化氘) δ
(ppm) 4.46 (s, 2H), 7.04 (d, J = 7.78 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 6.27
Hz, 1H), 7.18 - 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.26 (d, J = 6.27 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J =
6.78 Hz, 3H), 7.57 - 7.72 (m, 3H), 8.27 (d, J = 4.27 Hz, 1H), 8.88 (br.
s., 1H), 9.03 (s, 1H), 9.19 (s, 1H); 31P(162.0 MHz, DMSO-d6)
δ (ppm) -5.19; LCMS方法I:保留时间1.61 min, [M+1]
= 549。HPLC方法K:纯度94%,保留时间8.59 min。元素分析:MF C25H19N6SPO5·2.3 Na·3.8 H2O,计算值C,45.03;H,4.02;N,12.60;Na,7.79;H2O,10.27;实测值C,44.90;H,3.58;N,12.40;Na,7.79;H2O,10.61。
实施例4
(5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基氨基磷酸三羟甲基氨基甲烷(5)
向在丙酮/水(2:2
mL)中的((5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基)氨基磷酸(2) (0.030 g,0.054
mmol)的悬浮液中添加2-氨基-2-羟基甲基-丙烷-1,3-二醇(0.012 g,0.11 mmol)。将所得混合物在氮气氛下,于室温搅拌2 h。将反应混合物浓缩至干燥且将残余物用乙酸乙酯(2×8 mL)、丙酮(2×8 mL)洗涤,得到呈白色固体的(5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基氨基磷酸三羟甲基氨基甲烷(5) (0.028 g,0.034
mmol,64%产率)。1H NMR (400 MHz,氧化氘) δ ppm 3.56 (s,
12H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.03 Hz, 1H), 7.25 - 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.33
(d, J = 6.53 Hz, 1H), 7.38 - 7.45 (m, 5H), 7.71 (t, J = 7.78 Hz,
2H), 7.77 - 7.86 (m, 1H), 8.34 (d, J = 5.02 Hz, 1H), 8.96 (s, 1H), 9.09
(d, J = 2.01 Hz, 1H), 9.30 (s, 1H)。LCMS方法A:保留时间1.60 min,[M+1]=549。HPLC方法K:纯度94.6%,保留时间6.41 min,HPLC方法C:纯度95.0%,保留时间6.35 min。
实施例5
(5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基氨基磷酸三钾(6)
向在乙醇(3 mL)中的((5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基)氨基磷酸(2)
(0.030 g,0.054 mmol)的悬浮液中添加在0.5 mL水中的KOH (9.0 mg,0.16 mmol)。将所得混合物在氮气氛下,于室温搅拌2 h。将反应混合物浓缩至干燥且将残余物用乙酸乙酯(2×8 mL)、丙酮(2×8 mL)及乙腈(2×8 mL)洗涤,提供呈棕色固体的(5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基氨基磷酸三钾(6)
(0.028 g,0.043 mmol,78%产率)。1H NMR
(400 MHz,氧化氘) δ ppm
4.52 (s, 2H), 7.09 (d, J = 7.78 Hz, 1H), 7.19 - 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.28 -
7.40 (m, 5H), 7.61 - 7.77 (m, 3H), 8.28 (d, J = 4.27 Hz, 1H), 8.91 (t, J=1.88
Hz, 1H), 9.08 (d, J=2.26 Hz, 1H), 9.21 (d, J=1.76 Hz, 1H); LCMS方法A:保留时间1.60 min, [M+1]
= 549.2。HPLC方法B:纯度96.0%,保留时间6.09 min,HPLC方法C:纯度96.0%,保留时间5.86 min。元素分析:MF C25H18N6SPO5·2.6 K·4.5 H2O,计算值C 41.22;H,3.72;N,11.54;K,14.12;H2O,11.00;实测值C,40.79;H,3.56;N,11.17;K,13.76;H2O,10.49。
实施例6
(5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基氨基磷酸钙(7)
向在乙醇(5 mL)中的((5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基)氨基磷酸(2)
(0.200 g,0.365 mmol)的悬浮液中添加在2 mL水中的氢氧化钙(0.041 g,0.55 mmol)。将所得混合物在氮气氛下,于室温搅拌2 h。将反应混合物浓缩至干燥且将残余物用乙酸乙酯(2×10
mL)、丙酮(2×10
mL)及乙腈(2×15
mL)洗涤,提供呈白色固体的(5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基氨基磷酸钙(7)
(0.195 g,0.322 mmol,88.6%产率)。1H NMR
(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 4.77 (d, J
= 4.27 Hz, 2H), 6.92 (t, J = 4.14 Hz, 1H), 7.26 - 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.39
(d, J = 8.03 Hz, 1H), 7.50 - 7.60 (m, 5H), 7.79 (td, J = 7.65,
1.76 Hz, 1H), 7.83 - 7.89 (m, 1H), 7.91 - 7.96 (m, 1H), 8.30 (d, J =
4.27 Hz, 1H), 9.10 (s, 1H), 9.25 (t, J = 2.13 Hz, 1H), 9.73 (d, J =
2.01 Hz, 1H); LCMS方法I:保留时间1.66 min, [M-1] = 547。HPLC方法B:纯度94.3%,保留时间6.17 min,HPLC方法C:纯度94.45%,保留时间5.97 min。元素分析:化合物具吸湿性,未获得元素分析。
实施例7
(5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基氨基磷酸镁(8)
向在乙醇(5 mL)中的((5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基)氨基磷酸(2)
(0.050 g,0.091 mmol)的悬浮液中添加于1 mL水中的氢氧化镁(7.97 mg,0.137 mmol)。将所得混合物在氮气氛下,于室温搅拌2 h。将反应混合物浓缩至干燥且将残余物用乙酸乙酯(2×5 mL)、丙酮(2×10 mL)及乙腈(2×10 mL)洗涤,得到黄色固体的(5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基氨基磷酸镁(8)
(0.040 g,0.069 mmol,76%产率)。由于溶解性差,故未获取1H NMR。LCMS方法I:保留时间1.66 min,[M-1]=547。HPLC方法B:纯度98.1%,保留时间6.18 min,HPLC方法C:纯度95.6%,保留时间5.98 min。元素分析:MF C25H20N6SPO5·Mg H2O,计算值C,46.15;H,4.41;N,12.92;M,4.15;H2O,11.70;实测值C,40.66;H,4.12;N,11.23;M,4.14;H2O,11.70;C与N是不一致的。
实施例8
((5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基)(膦酰基)氨基磷酸(10)
在氮气氛下,向在CHCl3 (10 mL)中的5-(5-苯基-4-(吡啶-2-基甲氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-磺酰胺(1)
(0.150 g,0.320 mmol)的悬浮液中添加三乙胺(0.268 mL,1.92
mmol),随后添加4-二甲基氨基吡啶(7.8
mg,0.064 mmol)。将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌5 min且逐滴添加氯磷酸二乙酯(0.331 g,1.92
mmol)。使反应混合物升温至室温且搅拌过夜。用DCM (20 mL)及水(20 mL)稀释反应混合物,并用DCM (3×50 mL)萃取。用水及盐水洗涤合并的有机层并经Na2SO4干燥,过滤及在减压下浓缩。通过HPLC纯化来纯化残余物,提供呈黄色固体的二乙氧基磷酰基((5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基)氨基磷酸氢乙酯(9)
(0.045 g,0.063 mmol,20%产率)。制备型(Water mass)
HPLC条件:柱:Atlantis dc18 (19×250 mm) 10 μm,流动相A:10 mM乙酸铵。流动相B:乙腈,梯度:经10 min 10至60% B,流速:15 mL/min.,保留时间:11.35 min.;1H NMR
(400 MHz,氯仿-d) (δ ppm)
1.20 - 1.34 (m, 9H) 4.06 - 4.22 (m, 6H) 4.60 - 4.77 (m, 2H) 6.63 (br. s., 1H)
7.09 - 7.20 (m, 3H), 7.44 - 7.54 (m, 5H) 7.61 - 7.72 (m, 2H) 7.85 - 7.96 (m,
1H) 8.42 (d, J=4.02 Hz, 1H) 9.21 (dd, J=6.78, 2.01 Hz, 2H) 9.67
(d, J=2.01 Hz, 1H).; LCMS方法D:保留时间1.56 min, [M+1] = 713.2。
在氮气氛下、于0℃向于DCM(5 mL)中的二乙氧基磷酰基((5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基)氨基磷酸氢乙酯(9) (0.040 g,0.056
mmol)的悬浮液中逐滴添加三甲基碘硅烷(0.067 g,0.34 mmol)。将混合物于0℃搅拌2 h且在减压下去除溶剂。将残余物冷却至0℃并用丙酮(10 mL)和H2O
(0.20 mL)的混合物处理。于0℃下搅拌1 h后,将混合物于室温下搅拌过夜。将所得悬浮液过滤并将固体用丙酮(20 mL)洗涤、干燥且通过制备型HPLC纯化,提供呈白色固体的((5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-基甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-基)磺酰基)(膦酰基)氨基磷酸(10) (0.025 g,0.040
mmol,71%产率)。制备型HPLC条件:柱:KROMASIL® C-4
(250×21.2) mm,5μm,流动相A:于水中的10 mM乙酸铵,流动相B:乙腈,梯度:经7 min 20%至40% B,100% B持续12.5 min.,流速:17 mL/min.,保留时间:9
min.;1H NMR (400 MHz,
DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) 4.78 (d, J
= 3.76 Hz, 2H), 6.96 (br. s., 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 6.53, 5.27 Hz, 1H),
7.31 (dd, J = 7.03, 1.25 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J = 7.78 Hz, 1H), 7.51
- 7.61 (m, 5H), 7.73 (td, J = 7.65, 1.76Hz, 1H), 7.80 - 7.88 (m, 1H),
7.96 (dd, J = 8.41, 1.13 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J = 4.27 Hz, 1H), 9.11
(d, J = 2.01 Hz, 1H) 9.17 (t, J = 2.01 Hz, 1H), 9.67 (d, J =
2.01 Hz, 1H); 31P(162.0 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm) -8.820, -8.917, -15.535, -15.629; LCMS方法I:保留时间1.56 min, [M-1]
= 627。HPLC方法H:纯度95.0%,保留时间5.27 min。
用于本公开的化合物的溶解度研究的方案
在不同pH水平下评价本发明化合物的溶解度。用下文所阐述的程序测试溶解度。
将过量的粉末化合物用1 mL缓冲液于2 mL玻璃小瓶中平衡且通过涡流、随后超声波处理确保化合物在缓冲液中分散。于室温下,将所述小瓶以300 rpm振荡24 h。24 h孵育后,将浆液过滤且将通过HPLC分析滤液,以利用四点校准曲线量化化合物的溶解部分。
注意:孵育时间基于水溶液稳定性数据确定。如果化合物在缓冲液中稳定长达24小时,则在24小时后量测溶解度,否则报告动力学溶解度数据。在下表1中提供在不同pH条件下在24小时的溶解度数据(mg/mL)。
利用上文所述的测试,产生下列数据。
通过改良pH依赖性溶解度,本发明的化合物能够克服化合物的pH依赖性吸收。因此,化合物的吸收将不会依赖于患者的胃酸水平的变化。由于所摄入的其它药物或食物,胃pH可发生变化。化合物将不依赖于胃的pH而被更均匀地吸收。
效用
本发明的化合物可用作化合物(1)的前药。化合物(1)已显示为IKur抑制剂,因此本发明的化合物可用于IKur相关病症的治疗。
测定作为IKur抑制剂的化合物的活性程度的分析为本领域熟知的且阐述于参考文献,例如J. Gen. Physiol.,
101(4):513-543 (1993年4月),及Br. J. Pharmacol.,
115(2):267-274 (1995年5月)中。
测定作为Kv1亚家族其它成员的抑制剂的化合物的活性程度的分析也为本领域熟知的。例如,Kv1.1、Kv1.2和Kv1.3的抑制可利用Grissmer, S等,Mol.Pharmacol.,
45(6):1227-1234 (1994年6月)所述的程序测量;Kv1.4的抑制可利用Petersen,K.R等,Pflugers Arch.,437(3):
381-392 (1999年2月)所述的程序测量;Kv1.6的抑制可利用Bowlby,
M.R等,J. Neurophysiol.
73(6): 2221-2229 (1995年6月)所述的程序测量;及Kv1.7的抑制可利用Kalman, K等,J. Biol. Chem.,273(10): 5851-5857 (1998年3月)所述的程序测量。
认为Kv1.5数据(IC50=46
nM)证实化合物1的能力,且因此本公开化合物用作化合物1的前药显著增加对电压门控K+通道的Kv1.5通道的抑制。通过展示作为电压门控K+通道的Kv1.5通道的抑制剂的活性,预期本公开的化合物可用于治疗与Kv1.5通道相关的人类疾病。
使本公开的氨基磷酸前药经受体外分析(即基于细胞(膜片钳)或离体心脏(Lagendorff)),且已观测到在这些分析中存在的磷酸酶的存在下,本公开的化合物被转化为其母体化合物。
使用体内模型(兔PD模型)来研究本公开的化合物。由于Ikur在兔及人类心房中的主要表达允许Ikur阻滞剂的有意义的药效学及安全性数据,故选择兔PD模型作为本公开的前药的桥接研究。特别地,将兔心房有效不应期(Atrial Effective Refractory
Period, AERP)模型用于研究本公开的化合物。用以测试本公开的化合物的体内模型已证实,本公开的前药有效地裂解为各自的母体化合物以提供所期望的抑制IKur的治疗活性。
此外,在兔中的单剂量药效学评价指示,当与前药的母体形式相比时,本公开的化合物在兔中具有类似的体内药理学。
另外,在用或不用法莫替丁(famotidine)预治疗的情形中,单一经口给予非首次用于实验(non-naïve)的雄性食蟹猴后的化合物1和化合物2 (根据实施例1)的交叉研究。
物种:使用先前表征为法莫替丁反应者的雄性食蟹猴(N=5)用于此研究。
研究设计:4组交叉研究,在治疗之间有7天洗脱期(wash out period)。测试化合物及法莫替丁二者均以明胶胶囊给予。化合物2的剂量是66.2 mg/胶囊/动物,等效于化合物1的50 mg/胶囊/动物。化合物1和化合物2二者的物理形式皆为晶体。化合物1的D90、D50和D10分别是12.5、4.8和1.2微米。化合物2的D90、D50和D10分别是13.9、4和3.3微米。
表2
取样时间点:在0 min (投药前)、投药后15 min、30 min、45 min、1 h、2 h、4 h、6 h、8 h、24 h及48 h收集血液样品。
生物分析:使用科学上已验证的生物分析方法分析血浆样品的化合物1和化合物2的浓度。
PK分析:使用非房室分析方法计算药物代谢动力学参数Cmax、Tmax及AUC (0-t)。
犬(Cyno)法莫替丁研究:在此研究中观测到的化合物1的生物利用度是16%且当作为前药化合物2给予时,观测到的化合物1的生物利用度是83%。对于化合物1,当用法莫替丁预治疗犬时,Cmax中的降低是66-75%且AUC(24h)下降21-66%。对于化合物2 (测量化合物1),当用法莫替丁预治疗犬时,观测的Cmax的降低是-31至25%及AUC (24h)下降2至15%。犬法莫替丁研究:用化合物2给药(以10 mpk),化合物1的生物利用度在DIC中自16%改进至83%。用化合物2,利用法莫替丁治疗,观测到化合物1的Cmax及AUC极小改变。
N-磺酰基氨基磷酸前药具有化合物1 (显示于实施例1中)的经改进的pH依赖性溶解度曲线,其中在大鼠中充分暴露于5 mpk和100
mpk结晶悬浮液剂量具有增加的生物利用度且未观测到显著水平的循环前药。已进行高剂量大鼠PK研究(100 mpk)且发现<1%的循环前药被观测到。
本公开的化合物能够经IV或PO给药,以减轻pH依赖性溶解度。这些前药的物理、化学及溶解度性质可进一步通过选择药学上可接受的盐的抗衡离子来调节。
本发明的化合物是化合物(1)的前药。因此,本发明的化合物具有提供作为治疗剂的化合物(1)的效用。
化合物(1)抑制电压门控K+通道的Kv1亚家族,且因此认为可用于治疗和/或预防各种病症:心律失常包含室上性心律失常、心房性心律失常、心房扑动、心房颤动、心脏缺血的并发症,及用作心率控制药物,包含维持正常窦性心律;心绞痛,包含Prinzmetal氏症状、血管痉挛症状及变化症状的缓解;胃肠道病症,包含逆流性食道炎、功能性消化不良、运动障碍(包含便秘和腹泻)及肠易激惹综合征;血管及内脏平滑肌的病症,包括哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、成人呼吸性窘迫综合征、外周血管疾病(包括间歇性跛行)、静脉功能不全、阳痿、大脑及冠状动脉痉挛及雷诺氏病(Raynaud's
disease);炎性及免疫性疾病,包括炎性肠道疾病、类风湿性关节炎、移植排斥、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、囊性纤维化及动脉粥样硬化;细胞增生性病症,包括再狭窄及癌症(包括白血病);听觉系统的病症;视觉系统病症,包含黄斑变性及白内障;糖尿病,包括糖尿病性视网膜病变、糖尿病性肾病及糖尿病性神经病变;肌肉疾病,包括肌强直及消瘦;周围神经病变;认知障碍;偏头痛;记忆丧失,包括阿尔兹海默氏病(Alzheimer's)及痴呆;CNS介导的运动功能障碍,包括帕金森氏病(Parkinson's
disease)及共济失调;癫痫;及其它离子通道介导的病症。
由于化合物(1)是电压门控K+通道的Kv1亚家族的抑制剂,因此认为化合物(1)可用于治疗多种其它病症,包括器官或组织移植引起的抵抗、由骨髓移植引起的移植物抗宿主病、类风湿性关节炎、全身性红斑狼疮、桥本氏甲状腺炎(Hashimoto's
thyroiditis)、多发性硬化、重症肌无力、I型糖尿病葡萄膜炎、青少年发病型或新发型(recent-onset)糖尿病、后葡萄膜炎、变应性脑脊髓炎、肾小球肾炎、由病原微生物引起的感染性疾病、炎性及过度增生性皮肤疾病、牛皮癣、特应性皮炎、接触性皮炎、湿疹性皮炎、脂溢性皮炎、扁平苔癣、天疱疮、大疱性类天疱疮、大疱性表皮松解、荨麻疹、血管性水肿、血管炎、红斑、皮肤嗜酸性红细胞增多症、红斑狼疮、痤疮、斑秃、角膜结膜炎、春季结膜炎、贝切特氏病(Behcet's
disease)相关的葡萄膜炎、角膜炎、单纯疱疹性角膜炎、圆锥形角膜、角膜上皮营养不良、角膜白斑、眼天疱疮、蚕蚀性角膜溃疡(Mooren's
ulcer)巩膜炎、格雷夫斯氏眼病(Graves' ophthalmopathy)、Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada综合征、类肉瘤病、花粉过敏、可逆性阻塞性气道疾病、支气管哮喘、过敏性哮喘、内源性哮喘、外源性哮喘、尘埃性哮喘、慢性或顽固性哮喘、迟发型哮喘及气道过度反应、支气管炎、胃溃疡、局部缺血疾病及血栓症引起的血管损伤、缺血性肠道疾病、炎性肠道疾病、坏死性小肠结肠炎、与热灼伤相关的肠道损伤及白三烯B4-介导的疾病、乳糜泻、直肠炎、嗜酸性红细胞性胃肠炎、肥大细胞增多症、克罗恩氏病、溃疡性结肠炎、偏头痛、鼻炎、湿疹、间质性肾炎、古德-帕斯特综合征(Good-pasture's syndrome)、溶血性尿毒综合征、糖尿病性肾病、多发性肌炎、格-巴二氏综合征(Guillain-Barre syndrome)、美尼尔氏病、多神经炎、多发性神经炎、单神经炎、神经根病、甲状腺功能亢进、巴塞多氏病(Basedow's
disease)、单纯红血球再生不良、再生障碍性贫血、再生不良性贫血、特发性血小板减少性紫癜、自身免疫性溶血性贫血、粒细胞缺乏症、恶性贫血、巨幼红细胞贫血、红细胞发生不能、骨质疏松症、类肉瘤病、纤维化肺、特发性间质性肺炎、皮肌炎、寻常性白斑病、寻常性鱼鳞癣、光过敏症、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、动脉硬化症、动脉粥样硬化、主动脉炎综合征、结节性多动脉炎、心肌病、硬皮病、韦格纳氏肉芽肿(Wegener's
granuloma)、Sjögren氏综合征(Sjögren's
syndrome)、肥胖病、嗜酸性筋膜炎;牙龈、牙周膜、牙槽骨、牙骨质(substantia
osses dentis)的损伤;肾小球肾炎、通过预防脱发或提供毛发萌发及/或促进毛发生成及毛发生长的男性型秃发及老年性脱发;肌肉萎缩症;脓皮病及赛扎瑞综合征(Sezary's
syndrome)、爱迪生氏病(Addison's disease)、保存时发生的器官的缺血-再灌注损伤、移植或缺血性疾病、内毒素性休克、假膜性结肠炎、药物或放射引起的结肠炎、缺血性急性肾功能不全、慢性肾功能不全、肺-氧或药物引起的中毒病、肺癌、肺气肿、白内障、铁质沉着病、色素性视网膜炎、老年性黄斑变性、玻璃体瘢痕、角膜碱烧伤、皮炎、多形性红斑、线状IgA大疱性皮炎及水泥皮炎、牙龈炎、牙周炎、败血症、胰腺炎、由环境污染、衰老、致癌作用引起的疾病、癌症转移及低气压病、由组胺或白三烯-C4释放引起的疾病、贝切特氏病、自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、硬化性胆管炎、部分肝切除、急性肝坏死、由毒素、病毒性肝炎、休克或缺氧引起的坏死、B病毒肝炎、非甲/非乙型肝炎、肝硬化、酒精性肝硬化、肝功能衰竭、暴发性肝功能衰竭、迟发性肝功能衰竭、“慢加急性(acute-on-chronic)”肝衰竭、化学疗法效应的增进、巨细胞病毒感染、HCMV感染、AIDS、癌症、老年性痴呆、创伤及慢性细菌感染。
化合物(1)是可用于预防和治疗(包含部分缓和或治愈)心律失常的疑似抗心律失常剂。作为Kv1.5的抑制剂,在本公开范围内的化合物尤其可用于选择性预防和治疗室上性心律失常,例如心房颤动及心房扑动。“选择性预防和治疗室上性心律失常”是指预防或治疗室上性心律失常,其中心房有效不应期的延长对心室有效不应期的延长的比例大于1:1。此比例也可大于4:1,甚至大于10:1。此外,该比例可使得达到心房有效不应期的延长而心室有效不应期无显著可检测到的延长。
此外,化合物(1)阻断IKur,且因此可用于所有IKur-相关病况的预防和治疗。“IKur-相关病况”是可通过给予IKur阻滞剂来预防、部分地缓解或治愈的病症。已知Kv1.5基因在胃组织、小肠/结肠组织、肺动脉及胰脏β细胞中表达。因此,IKur阻滞剂的给予可提供用于例如逆流性食道炎、功能性消化不良、便秘、哮喘及糖尿病等的病症的有用治疗。此外,已知Kv1.5于脑垂体前叶中表达。因此,IKur阻滞剂的给予可刺激生长激素分泌。IKur抑制剂可另外用于细胞增生性病症(例如白血病)及自身免疫性疾病(例如类风湿性关节炎及移植排斥)。
因此,本公开提供用于预防或治疗一或多种前述病症的方法,其包括向有需要的受试者给予有效量的至少一种式I、II或III的化合物的步骤,所述化合物优选在实施例中举出,更优选实施例1至8,甚至更优选实施例1。其它治疗剂(例如下文所阐述的那些)可与本发明化合物一起用于本发明方法中。在本公开的方法中,这样的一种或多种其它治疗剂可在给予本公开的化合物之前、同时或之后给予。
剂量和制剂
本公开还提供药用组合物,其包含能够以其有效量预防或治疗一或多种前述病症的至少一种式I、II、III的化合物、优选在所有实施例、更优选实施例1中所例示的化合物或其盐,及药学上可接受的媒介或稀释剂。本公开的组合物可含有如下所述的其它治疗剂,且可通过例如采用常规固体或液体媒介或稀释剂,以及适于期望给药模式的类型的药用添加剂(例如赋形剂、粘合剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、矫味剂等),根据诸如药物制剂领域所熟知的那些技术来配制。
式I、II、III的化合物、优选在所有实施例、更优选实施例1中所例示的化合物可通过任何适宜的方式给予,例如:经口,例如以片剂、胶囊、颗粒或粉剂形式;舌下;含服;胃肠外,例如通过皮下、静脉内、肌内或胸骨内注射或输注技术(例如以无菌可注射水性或非水性溶液或悬浮液);经鼻,例如通过吸入喷雾;经局部,例如以乳霜或软膏剂形式;或经直肠,例如以栓剂形式;呈含有无毒、药学上可接受的媒介或稀释剂的剂量单位制剂。本发明化合物可例如以适于立即释放或延长释放的形式给予。立即释放或延长释放可通过使用包含本发明化合物的适宜药用组合物,或尤其在延长释放情形下通过使用诸如皮下埋植剂或渗透泵等装置实现。在给予式I、II、III的化合物,优选在所有实施例、更优选实施例1中所例示的化合物以预防或治疗心律失常的情形下,可给予所述化合物以实现对正常窦性节律的化学转换,或可任选地与电心转化(electrical
cardioconversion)结合使用。
用于经口给予的示例性组合物包含悬浮液,其可含有例如:用于赋予体积的微晶纤维素、作为助悬剂的海藻酸或海藻酸钠、作为粘度增强剂的甲基纤维素,以及甜味剂或矫味剂例如本领域已知的那些;及立即释放片剂,其可含有例如微晶纤维素、磷酸二钙、淀粉、硬脂酸镁和/或乳糖和/或其它赋形剂、粘合剂、增量剂、崩解剂、稀释剂及润滑剂例如本领域已知的那些。式I、II、III的化合物、优选在所有实施例、更优选实施例1中所例示的化合物还可经由口腔通过舌下和/或含服给予来递送。模制片、压制片或冷冻干燥片剂是可使用的示例性形式。示例性组合物包含本发明化合物与快速溶解稀释剂(例如甘露醇、乳糖、蔗糖和/或环糊精)调制的那些。这样的制剂中还可包含高分子量赋形剂,例如纤维素(AVICEL®)或聚乙二醇(PEG)。这样的制剂还可包含赋形剂以帮助粘膜附着,例如羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羧甲基纤维素钠(SCMC)、马来酸酐共聚物(例如,Gantrez)及控制释放的试剂,例如聚丙烯酸共聚物(例如,卡波普934)。还可添加润滑剂、助流剂、矫味剂、着色剂及稳定剂以便于制作及使用。
用于经鼻气溶胶或吸入给予的示例性组合物包括盐水溶液,其可含有(例如)苯甲醇或其它适宜防腐剂、用以增强生物利用度的吸收促进剂和/或其它增溶或分散剂例如本领域已知的那些。
用于经胃肠外给予的示例性组合物包括可注射溶液或悬浮液,其可含有例如适宜的无毒、胃肠外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂(例如甘露醇、1,3丁二醇、水、林格氏溶液、等渗氯化钠溶液)或其它适宜的分散剂或润湿剂和助悬剂(包括合成单甘油酯或二甘油酯及脂肪酸,包括油酸)。
用于直肠给予的示例性组合物包括栓剂,其可含有例如适宜的无刺激赋形剂,例如常温下是固体但在直肠腔中液化和/或溶解以释放药物的可可脂、合成甘油酯或聚乙二醇。
用于局部给予的示例性组合物包括局部载体,例如Plastibase (用聚乙烯凝胶化的矿物油)。
本公开化合物的有效量可由本领域普通技术人员测定,且包括自每天约0.001 mg/kg至100 mg/kg体重的活性化合物的用于成人的示例性剂量,其可以单次剂量或以各个分开的剂量的形式给予,例如每天1次至4次。优选的人类剂量是在一天一次从约1 mg至约10mg的范围内,且甚至更优选在一天一次从约2 mg至约6 mg的范围内。应了解,任何特定患者的具体剂量水平及给予频率可以不同且将取决于各种因素,包括采用的特定化合物的活性、此化合物的代谢稳定性及作用时间长度、受试者的物种、年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别及饮食、给予模式及次数、排泄速率、药物组合及具体病况的严重程度。用于治疗的优选受试者包括患有前述病症的动物,更优选哺乳动物类,例如人及家畜(例如狗、猫等)。
本公开的化合物可单独或彼此组合和/或与可用于治疗前述病症或其它病症的其它合适的治疗剂组合使用,所述治疗剂包括:其它抗心律失常药,例如I类药物(例如,普罗帕酮)、II类药物(例如,卡维地洛(carvadiol)及普萘洛尔)、III类药物(例如,索他洛尔、多非利特、胺碘酮、阿齐利特(azimilide)及伊布利特)、IV类药物(例如,地尔硫卓及维拉帕米)、5HT拮抗剂(例如,舒兰色罗、舍曲林及托烷司琼)及决奈达隆;钙通道阻滞剂(L-型及T-型两者),例如地尔硫卓、维拉帕米、硝苯地平、氨氯地平及米贝拉地尔;环氧合酶抑制剂(例如,COX-1和/或COX-2抑制剂),例如阿司匹林、吲哚美辛、布洛芬、吡罗昔康、萘普生、CELEBREX®、VIOXX®及NSAID;抗血小板剂,例如GPIIb/IIIa阻滞剂(例如,阿昔单抗、依替巴肽及替罗非班)、P2Y12拮抗剂(例如,氯吡格雷、坎格雷洛、噻氯匹定及CS-747)、P2Y1拮抗剂、血栓素受体拮抗剂(例如,伊非曲班)、阿司匹林及PDE-III抑制剂(例如,双嘧达莫) (含有或不含有阿司匹林);利尿剂,例如氯噻嗪、氢氯噻嗪、氟甲噻嗪、氢氟噻嗪、苄氟噻嗪、甲氯噻嗪、三氯噻嗪、泊利噻嗪、苄噻嗪、依他尼酸tricrynafen、氯噻酮、呋塞米、musolimine、布美他尼、氨苯蝶啶(triamtrenene)、阿米洛利及螺内酯;抗高血压剂例如α肾上腺素阻滞剂、β肾上腺素阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂、利尿药、肾素抑制剂、ACE抑制剂(例如,卡托普利、佐芬普利、福辛普利、依那普利、西罗普利(ceranopril)、西拉普利、地拉普利、喷托普利、喹那普利、雷米普利、赖诺普利)、A II拮抗剂(例如,氯沙坦、厄贝沙坦、缬沙坦)、ET拮抗剂(例如,西他生坦、阿曲生坦(atrasentan)及公开于美国专利第5,612,359号及第6,043,265号中的化合物)、双重ET/AII拮抗剂(例如,公开于WO 00/01389中的化合物)、中性内肽酶(NEP)抑制剂、血管肽酶抑制剂(双重NEP-ACE抑制剂) (例如,奥马曲拉及格莫曲拉(gemopatrilat))、硝酸盐及这样的抗高血压剂的组合;抗血栓/血栓溶解剂,例如组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)、重组tPA、替奈普酶(TNK)、拉诺替普酶(nPA)、因子VIIa抑制剂、因子Xa抑制剂(例如雷扎沙班)、XIa抑制剂、凝血酶抑制剂(例如,水蛭素及阿加曲班)、PAI-1抑制剂(例如,组织型纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂的灭活剂)、α2-抗纤维蛋白溶酶抑制剂、链激酶、尿激酶、尿激酶原、茴香酰化纤溶酶原链激酶激活剂复合物及动物或唾液腺纤溶酶原激活剂;抗凝血药,例如华法林及肝素(包括未分级及低分子肝素,例如依诺肝素及dalteparin);HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂,例如普伐他汀、洛伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、辛伐他汀、NK-104
(也称为伊伐他汀或nisvastatin或nisbastatin)及ZD-4522
(也称为罗苏伐他汀或atavastatin或visastatin);其它降胆固醇/脂质剂,例如角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂、贝特类药物(fibrates)及胆汁酸螯合剂(例如,QUESTRAN®);抗增生剂,例如环孢菌素A、TAXOL®、FK 506及阿霉素;抗肿瘤剂,例如TAXOL®、阿霉素、epothilones、顺铂及卡铂;抗糖尿病剂,例如双胍(例如,二甲双胍)、葡糖苷酶抑制剂(例如,阿卡波糖)、胰岛素、氯茴苯酸(例如,瑞格列奈)、磺酰脲(例如,格列美脲、格列本脲及格列吡嗪)、双胍/格列本脲组合(例如,GLUCOVANCE®)、噻唑烷二酮(例如,曲格列酮、罗格列酮及吡格列酮)、PPAR-γ激动剂、aP2抑制剂及DP4抑制剂;甲状腺模拟物(包括甲状腺受体拮抗剂) (例如,促甲状腺素、聚甲状腺(polythyroid)、KB-130015及决奈达隆);盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂,例如螺内酯及依普利酮;生长激素促泌素;抗骨质疏松剂(例如,阿仑膦酸盐及雷洛昔芬);激素替代治疗剂,例如雌激素(包含普罗马林中的缀合雌激素)及雌二醇;抗抑郁剂,例如奈法唑酮及舍曲林;抗焦虑剂,例如地西泮、劳拉西泮、丁螺环酮及双羟萘酸羟嗪;口服避孕药;抗溃疡及胃食管逆流疾病的药物,例如法莫替丁、雷尼替丁和奥美拉唑;抗肥胖剂,例如奥利司他;强心苷,包括洋地黄及毒毛旋花苷;磷酸二酯酶抑制剂,包括PDE
III抑制剂(例如,西洛他唑)及PDE V抑制剂(例如,西地那非);蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂;类固醇抗发炎剂,例如泼尼松和地塞米松;及其它抗炎剂,例如ENBREL®。可将组合共同配制或呈经包装的药剂盒形式以提供用于共同给予的适当剂量。
当与本公开的化合物组合使用时,上述其它治疗剂可以例如在Physicians’ Desk
Reference (PDR)中所指明的或否则由本领域普通技术人员确定的量使用。
本说明书中所引用的出版物及参考文献(包含但不限于专利及专利申请)均以其整体引用方式全文结合到本文中,如同特定地及分别地指明每一单独的出版物或参考文献充分说明以引用方式结合到本文中一样。本申请对其要求优先权的任何专利申请也以上文对出版物及参考文献所述的方式通过引用结合到本文中。
尽管已以具体实施方案为重点阐述了本公开,但对本领域普通技术人员而言显而易见的是,可使用所述具体化合物及方法的变化形式,且本公开意欲可以不同于本文具体阐述的方式实施。因此,本公开包括包含在由所附权利要求书所界定的本公开的精神及范围内的所有改变。
Claims (11)
1.一种结构式I的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐形式,
其中R是H或-PO3H。
2.权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R是H。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其具有结构式II,
。
4.权利要求1或2的化合物,其中药学上可接受的盐是抗衡离子,且该抗衡离子是Na+、K+、Ca+2、Mg+2或(NH3 +-CH2-C(CH2OH)3。
5.权利要求4的化合物,其中该化合物选自
。
6.权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中该化合物具有式III
。
7.一种药用组合物,其包括治疗有效量的权利要求1至6中任一项的至少一种化合物。
8.权利要求7的组合物,其进一步包含至少一种其它治疗剂。
9.一种治疗或预防心律失常的方法,其包括给予有需要的患者有效量的权利要求1至6中任一项的至少一种化合物。
10.一种控制心率的方法,其包括给予有需要的患者有效量的权利要求1至6中任一项的至少一种化合物。
11.一种治疗IKur-相关病况的方法,其包括给予有需要的患者有效量的权利要求1至6中任一项的至少一种化合物。
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