CN104349987B - 对焊式管状包装体 - Google Patents

对焊式管状包装体 Download PDF

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CN104349987B
CN104349987B CN201380031049.7A CN201380031049A CN104349987B CN 104349987 B CN104349987 B CN 104349987B CN 201380031049 A CN201380031049 A CN 201380031049A CN 104349987 B CN104349987 B CN 104349987B
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reinforcing element
wrapping body
tubular wrapping
layer
welding
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CN104349987A (zh
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J·托马塞
G·凯勒
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Aisapack Holding SA
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Aisapack Holding SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5064—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped
    • B29C65/5071—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like of particular form, e.g. being C-shaped, T-shaped and being composed by one single element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4322—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms by joining a single sheet to itself
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
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    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7234—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a barrier layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D35/00—Pliable tubular containers adapted to be permanently or temporarily deformed to expel contents, e.g. collapsible tubes for toothpaste or other plastic or semi-liquid material; Holders therefor
    • B65D35/02—Body construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
    • B65D75/04—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in single sheets or wrapper blanks
    • B65D75/06—Articles or materials wholly enclosed in single sheets or wrapper blanks in sheets or blanks initially folded to form tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
    • B29C66/73711—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
    • B29C66/73713—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented bi-axially or multi-axially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及由厚度为e的柔性薄膜形成的管状包装体(1)，柔性薄膜的端部被对焊并且由塑料加强元件(7)覆盖，该加强元件(7)位于所述管状体的内表面(5)上并且具有由宽度l和高度h限定的横截面，所述管状体的特征在于必须满足下述所有条件：‑h大于或等于e，‑比率(l.e)/h2在1和10之间。

Description

对焊式管状包装体
技术领域
本发明涉及利用塑料薄膜形成的柔性管或袋的领域。具体地，本发明涉及端部为对焊式的柔性管或袋。
背景技术
许多柔性管通过焊接薄膜的端部来制成，该薄膜包含至少一层塑料。
在专利申请WO2007/113781和WO2007/113782中描述了柔性薄膜对焊以形成管状包装体。对焊在许多情况下是有利的，因为这种焊接配置使得有可能由于管状体的整个周边上的装饰而提升包装的美观性。对焊也使得有可能限制包装的产品和包装之间的相互影响，因为通过柔性薄膜边缘的可能迁移被大大降低了。经由对焊，才有可能使用新颖的多层结构。由此获得的多层包装具有较大的脱层抗力。
包装在对焊接区的强度通常小于柔性薄膜的强度。在包括非对焊层的多层薄膜的情况下，强度的这种减小更加关键。为了克服这些困难，专利申请WO2007/113781和WO2007/113782提出了在对焊处添加薄的加强带。图1示出了申请WO2007/113781中描述的方案。管状包装体1由多层柔性薄膜2形成，多层柔性薄膜2包括中间层4，仅对其一部分进行对焊，或者不进行对焊。为了加强对焊接区6，专利申请WO2007/113781描述了使用薄且十分坚固的加强带7。带7被焊接在多层薄膜的下层5上，并且接合层压板的两个焊接端。如申请WO2007/113781中所述，由此获得的包装由于加强带7的特性的缘故而在区6具有大的张力强度、耐破强度或撕裂强度。
专利申请EP0177470描述了使用焊接到管内部且接合薄膜的对焊端部的加强带。其提出了宽的带，包含厚的铝箔，该铝箔使塑料管具有与铝管(无回弹)类似的变形性能。该带至少等于管周长的10％，并且主要修正管在包装的轴的方向上的性能(硬度)。根据专利申请EP0177470生产的管具有一主要缺陷，即，包装的产品与加强带的铝层接触。在包装领域，并且主要对于包装在管中的液体或膏体而言，一般避免铝和产品的直接接触。
发明内容
技术问题
然而，在测试和使用根据专利WO2007/113781、WO2007/113782和EP0177470中描述的方法制造的柔性管之后，发现包装为挤出产品的反复变形可能造成焊接区6的破裂，并且出现如图2中所示出的缺陷。图2示出了尽管出现了对焊的破裂，但由于带7的性质，包装仍然维持了其防漏性。然而，这种缺陷的出现可能使用户相信包装质量差或是质量有缺陷。
发明内容部分中使用的术语定义
在发明内容中，使用了如下术语和缩写：
多层薄膜：包括若干层的薄膜。多层薄膜可以通过共挤出和/或络合获得。
PET：双轴取向的聚对苯二甲酸乙酯
BOPP：双轴取向的聚丙烯
PA：聚酰胺
PE：聚乙烯
LDPE：低密度聚乙烯
LLDPE：线性低密度聚乙烯
HDPE：高密度聚乙烯
EVOH：乙烯-乙烯醇
粘合剂：用于通过络合而接合若干层的粘合剂
发明概要
本发明涉及向对焊增加加强元件，该加强元件具有使焊接区在垂直于焊接端部的方向上不可能变形的效果，并且不会实质上改变焊接区在焊接端部的切向方向上的柔性。
根据本发明，增加到对焊的加强元件是不可见的并且是不可感知的。由于其位于包装的内部，因而是不可见的。由于其小尺寸不会明显地改变包装的柔性，因而是不可感知的。
根据本发明，增加到对焊的加强元件由塑料制成。
根据本发明，使焊接区不能局部地在垂直于焊接端部的方向上变形，这是因为在包装的内部添加了加强元件，该加强元件不能在手指的动作之下在垂直于加强元件的轴的方向上变形，而且能够在加强元件的方向上轻易地变形。
令人惊讶的是，已经发现极小尺寸的加强元件使得有可能克服焊接区的易碎性问题。已经发现，由加强元件的宽度l和高度h限定的横截面取决于包装薄膜的厚度e，并且必须满足下述条件：
-高度h大于或等于薄膜的厚度e，
-比率(l.e)/h2在1和10之间。
除这些限制之外，发现加强元件在保护焊接方面的效果不充分，或者相反地，加强元件沿着主轴的弯曲刚性太大并且实质上改变了包装的柔性。
本发明包括由对焊柔性薄膜形成的管状包装，其包括，位于焊接处的不可见且不可感知的加强元件，该加强元件将焊接端部接合，并且防止焊接区在垂直于焊接端部的方向上的任何应力。
更具体地，本发明公开了一种管状包装体，其由柔性薄膜形成，该柔性薄膜具有厚度e，柔性薄膜的端部被对焊并且由塑料加强元件覆盖，该塑料加强元件位于所述管状体的内表面上并且具有由宽度l和高度h限定的横截面，所述管状体的特征在于，必须满足下述所有条件：
-h大于或等于e，
-比率(l.e)/h2在1和10之间。
优选地，加强元件的高度h最多等于薄膜的厚度e的两倍。
更优选地，还必须满足下述条件：
-h在100μm和500μm之间，
-e在100μm和400μm之间。
更优选地，加强元件的高度h等于薄膜的厚度e的1.2倍。
优选地，l在1mm和3mm之间。
薄膜可以是单层或多层薄膜。
当多层薄膜包括未焊接在一起或仅部分焊接在一起的层时，例如铝层、EVOH层、PA层、PET层、BOPP层、纸层或基于纤维素的产品层，本发明是尤其有利的。
当形成包装的外表面的层未焊接在一起或仅部分焊接在一起时，本发明是尤其有利的。例如，对于以PET、BOPP、纸、PA的层作为外表面的多层薄膜来说，便是如此。
根据本发明的第一变体，添加到包装内部的加强元件还大体上提升了焊接区的不可渗透性，例如对氧、气味、蒸汽或其他溶剂的不可渗透性。根据期望的不可渗透性，加强元件可以是多层和/或包含脱氧剂。
加强元件可以包括由聚烯烃组成的层，例如PE、PP和/或由屏障聚合物(例如EVOH)组成的层。
例如，脱氧剂可以是通过铁、抗坏血酸或由钴催化的聚酰胺氧化而操作的有机聚合物；这些产品在市场是标准的。这些元素与氧反应以限制氧分子向包装内部的迁移。
根据本发明的第二变体，加强元件包含添加剂，其使得可能防止伪造。这些微米级或纳米级的添加剂不会改变加强元件的机械性质。
例如，这些添加剂是微米级或纳米级的金属盐或交联三聚氰胺颗粒或粉末的衍生物。以极小量添加到塑料中的这些添加剂大体上以化合物或母料的形式来售卖，并且可以轻易地集成到制造加强元件7的方法中。例如，这些产品由Microtrace、Polysecure或Phoenix Plastics公司售卖。
根据本发明的生产管状包装体的第一方法包括与柔性薄膜的对焊一起形成加强元件。在一个优选实施方式中，塑料线被挤出并且以熔融状态沉积在柔性薄膜的端部；包含在线中的热能被用于将线焊接到柔性薄膜，并且至少部分地将柔性薄膜的端部彼此焊接；并且最终通过适当的工具成形线，以形成根据本发明中限定的尺寸的加强元件。
第二方法包括将预先制造的塑料加强元件焊接到柔性薄膜的端部。加强元件至柔性薄膜的形成包装内壁的表面的焊接与柔性薄膜的对焊一起进行。在一个优选实施方式中，线在焊接操作之前被预先加热。
在本发明的一种变体中，该方法有利地结合了柔性薄膜的端部的斜角切割以辅助对焊。柔性薄膜的焊接端部的斜角切割使得有可能增加焊接区的接触区域和压力。根据本发明的一个优选实施方式，使用相对于薄膜表面呈45°的切割角度。
附图说明
借助于这些下述附图的实施方式的说明，将更好地理解本发明，附图中：
图1示出了现有技术中描述的在包装内使用焊接加强元件。
图2示出了观察到的现有技术中描述的焊接加强元件的缺陷。
图3-8示出了本发明的若干实施方式。图3-8示出了管状包装的焊接区的横截面视图，该横截面垂直于管状体的轴截取。
图3表示本发明的第一示例性实施方式，其涉及利用半椭圆横截面的加强元件，加强元件的宽度和高度特别设计以加强焊接。
图4示出了加强元件在加强焊接区以及焊接区外部的应力位移方面的效果。
图5-7示出了根据本发明的能够加强焊接区的加强元件的各种横截面。
图8示出了本发明的变体，其也涉及在使用包装的过程中，在与焊接的应力相对的方向上限制焊接区。
具体实施方式
本发明包括新颖的用于柔性薄膜的对焊配置，该柔性薄膜涉及将小尺寸的用于接合柔性薄膜的焊接端部的塑料加强元件添加到包装的内部；所述加强元件具有防止焊接区垂直于焊接端部的任何变形的效果；并且所述加强元件具有的形状使得焊接区在与焊接端部切向的方向上的柔性不被实质改变。
加强元件具有在对焊区处防止改变包装的曲率半径的效果。
图3-8示出了管状包装的焊接区的横截面视图，该横截面垂直于管状体的轴截取。
图3示出了本发明的第一示例性实施方式。管状体1通过对焊厚度为e的柔性薄膜2的端部而形成，焊接区2平行于管状体的轴。半椭圆横截面的加强元件7接合柔性薄膜2的端部，并且加强焊接区6。本发明的特征在于：加强元件7防止焊接区6垂直于焊接端部的任何局部变形，同时几乎不改变包装平行于焊接端部的柔性。在焊接区6，加强元件7防止曲率半径的变化，这种变化具有将拉伸应力施加在柔性薄膜的焊接端部上的效果。已经发现加强元件的高度h取决于薄膜的厚度e，并且必须大于或等于薄膜的厚度e，加强元件的宽度l必须在1mm和3mm之间，并且比率(l.e)/h2在1和10之间。
应该注意到，在EP0177470中，比率(l.e)/h2不在1和10之间。实际上，一般来说，例如用于牙膏或化妆品的包装管的直径在28和50mm之间。可以在EP0177470中实现的合理组合的最小和最大比率的计算描述如下：
理论带：
·铝层的厚度在40和200μm之间。
·PE层的厚度在10和50μm之间。
·带的宽度对应于管的周长的至少10％。
·对于28mm的管直径，带的最小宽度l等于8.79mm，即，8790μm。
·对于50mm的管直径，带的最大宽度l等于15.7mm，即，15700μm。
·带的最小高度h为60μm(最小厚度为40μm的铝层在最小厚度为10μm的两个PE层之间)。
·带的最大高度h为300μm(最小厚度为200μm的铝层在最小厚度为50μm的两个PE层之间)。
理论薄膜：
·铝层的厚度在5和40μm之间。
·PE层的厚度在10和50μm之间。
·薄膜的最小厚度e为25μm(最小厚度为5μm的铝层在最小厚度为10μm的两个PE层之间)。
·薄膜的最大厚度e为140μm(最小厚度为40μm的铝层在最小厚度为50μm的两个PE层之间)。
合理组合A和B如下：
A)最大高度h为300μm的带以及最大厚度e为140μm的薄膜。
A)最小高度h为60μm的带以及最小厚度e为25μm的薄膜。
因此，组合A的最大比率(l.e)/h2等于(15700×140)/3002＝24.4，并且组合B的最小比率(l.e)/h2等于(8790×25)/602＝61.0。
对于EP0177470中描述的管的比率(l.e)/h2的这些计算展示出比率(l.e)/h2不在1和10之间。
图4示出了焊接区6通过加强元件7的加强效果。焊接区6垂直于焊接端部的弯曲变形是不可能的，因为加强元件7的几何形状局部地提供了非常大的刚性。在焊接的方向上，包装的柔性几乎不改变，这是由于加强元件7在长度的方向上承受压力，并且其横截面相对于在变形期间承受压力的包装的横截面具有小尺寸。用户盲测表明，用户在处理包装以例如从中挤出产品的期间不会检测到加强元件7的存在。
如图3所示，当薄膜由多层结构形成时，本发明尤其有利。图3示出了薄膜的对焊，该薄膜包括三层；形成包装的外表面的第一层3，中间层4以及形成包装的内表面的层5。加强元件7焊接到层5，并且因此位于包装内部。构成加强元件7以及多层薄膜的下层5的材料大体上具有相同的性质，从而使得加强元件7焊接到层5上。例如，用于层5和加强元件7的材料是通常用于生产包装的聚烯烃。中间层4通常是屏障层，例如铝层或EVOH层，或者是金属化的PET层。为了不使本发明的内容变得复杂，可选的粘结剂层并未在图中示出。形成包装的外表面的层3通常选择为能够被印刷，具有触觉特性，但同时也具有一定强度。例如，外层3是基于聚烯烃或双轴定向的PET层的“软触”层，这是由于其能够被印刷，强度，透明度，光泽度。多层薄膜2的对焊通常导致部分焊接，这是由于层和其薄度的性质。这导致焊接处强度的降低。本发明使得有可能防止焊接区的任何压力施加(其具有形成图2中示出的缺陷的效果)。
加强元件7在焊接强度上的这种效果在图4中示出。在图4中示出的包装在焊接处的折叠动作期间(其具有分离多层薄膜的端部的效果)，由于加强元件7(其横截面为半椭圆形)的作用，焊接区6不受压力并且不会变形。加强元件7的几何形状和小尺寸具有将压力和变形集中在区8和9的效果，这些区远离焊接。由于其小尺寸和形状，在手指压力的动作之下，加强元件7的横截面不能变形。加强元件7的横截面明显局部地增大了包装在垂直于焊接端部的方向上的弯曲刚性。包装垂直于焊接端部的刚性的这种增加在小于或等于3mm的总距离上局部地发生。焊接处垂直于焊接端部的弯曲刚性的增加的量级的因子为至少25，甚至100。另一方面，加强元件7在平行于焊接端部的方向上对包装的刚性几乎没有影响。另一方面，估计到，由于其小尺寸，加强元件7仅以小于或等于4的因子增加包装的弯曲刚性。进行的不同测试表明，用户在使用包装期间不会检测到加强元件7的存在。由于加强元件7位于包装的内部，其是不可见的，由于包装的性质仅局部地变化，因此其也是难以察觉的。
图5、6和7示出了加强元件7的另一有利横截面。图5示出了具有等腰梯形形状横截面的加强元件，图6示出了具有等腰梯形形状横截面的加强元件，其两侧是凹的，并且图7示出了具有矩形形状横截面的加强元件。图5和6中示出的加强元件的几何尺寸使得有可能限制应力集中，当多层薄膜在焊接处大幅弯曲时，这种应力集中可能出现在区8和9中。加强元件7的横截面允许多层薄膜在区8和9中的变形的更平顺的过度，并且防止可能的会导致多层薄膜降低品质的应力集中。图7示出了易于制造但可能在薄膜1沿着焊接处6的弯曲期间在区8和9中形成高应力集中的加强元件7的横截面。
图8示出了本发明的变体，其涉及通过在焊接处6的横截面加强元件7而使多层薄膜产生预应力。预应力具有在对焊处6相对于彼此压薄膜的端部的效果。
图3-8示出的多层薄膜包括形成层压板的上表面的层3；形成层压板的下表面的第二层5以及位于层3和5之间的层4；所述层3、4和5可能具有不同的性质；并且所述层2、4和5在其界面处粘结在一起。多层薄膜2大体上包括一个或多个非对焊层。层3在习惯上选择成能够被印刷。例如，该层由PE或PP、纸、PET或BOPP组成。该层可以印刷在外表面上，该外表面形成多层薄膜的表面，或者印刷在其内表面上，该内表面位于多层薄膜的厚度内。形成具有屏障性质的薄层的层4大体上不在其端部焊接。例如，层4是铝箔或EVOH(乙烯-乙烯醇)的层。形成管的内表面的层5在其端部焊接。由聚烯烃制成的层5是有利的。加强元件7通过焊接牢固地附接到下层5。加强元件7包括性质与多层薄膜的下层5一样的至少一层。
使用加强元件7来联合地改进焊接的强度及其不渗透性通常是有利的。作为多层加强元件和/或包含脱氧剂的加强元件的使用使得也有可能提供焊接区例如对氧的不渗透性。柔性薄膜中的铝层与加强元件(该加强元件是多层加强元件或者包含脱氧剂)的结合使得有可能制造不渗透性十分高的包装。多层加强元件将有利地包括EVOH或另一屏障聚合物的薄层。
加强元件7有利地用于联合地提升焊接的强度，并且保护包装不被伪造。加强元件7可以包含纳米粒子形式的添加剂，例如金属盐或氧化物或者其他多层微添加剂，从而层和颜色的组合可能多达370多万种唯一编码。
可以设想制造根据本发明的包装的若干方法。
第一方法包括挤出塑料线并且将其以熔融状态沉积在柔性薄膜的端部。包含在线中的热量用于将线焊接到柔性薄膜的层5，并且用于至少部分地对焊柔性薄膜的端部。随后，利用适当几何形状的工具成形线以形成加强元件，其横截面对应于本发明中限定的尺寸。在挤出期间，线的几何形状是圆柱形的；所述圆柱形的线以熔融状态沉积在柔性薄膜的端部；包含在圆柱形的线中的热量的一部分在端部处被传递到柔性薄膜；所述线被成形和压向柔性薄膜的表面以形成加强元件7，该加强元件7的横截面对应于本发明中的描述；压型的元件以及焊接区6被冷却。
熔融状态的线的沉积通过挤出设备和柔性薄膜之间的相对移动来进行。优选地，挤出设备是固定的，并且包装以恒定速率相对于所述挤出设备移动。加强元件的成形操作通过成形工具中的线的压力来进行。在第一示例中，成形工具相对于线和柔性薄膜固定。熔融状态的线被压向成形工具，成形工具包括槽，槽的横截面对应于加强元件的横截面。优选地，成形工具维持在低于线温度的温度，这具有在成形时或在成形之后立即冷却加强元件的效果。在第二示例中，成形工具将熔融状态的线移动到一起，从而在加强元件的成形操作期间防止摩擦。成形工具可以是在其周边上包括槽的轮，槽的横截面对应于加强元件的横截面。轮在与柔性薄膜交界处的切向速率等于柔性薄膜的移动速率。在一个优选实施方式中，轮通过柔性薄膜的移动而旋转。
用于产生焊接的第二方法基于线的挤出，线的横截面接近加强元件的横截面，随后根据第一方法成形加强元件的最终几何形状。
用于产生焊接的第三方法基于使用先前制造的加强元件7，随后将其接合到柔性薄膜2的相邻端部。第三方法的优选实施方式包括：在对焊柔性薄膜2的端部的操作的同时，将加强元件7焊接到柔性薄膜2。
下文是根据本发明的产生的包装结构以及加强元件的几何形状的一些示例：
第一示例的多层薄膜的说明：
·层3：12微米厚的PET层
·层4：12微米厚的金属化PET层
·层5：140微米厚的PE层
·柔性薄膜的厚度e等于0.164mm。
第一示例的加强元件的说明：
·如图3所示的半椭圆横截面的PE加强元件
·宽度l等于2mm
·高度h等于0.5mm
·比率(l.e)/h2等于1.312。
第二示例的多层薄膜的说明：
·层3：100微米厚的纸层
·层4：12微米厚的金属化PET层
·层5：100微米厚的PE层
·柔性薄膜的厚度e等于0.212mm。
第二示例的加强元件的说明：
·如图5所示的等腰梯形横截面的PE加强元件
·加强元件包括多层微添加剂以防止包装的伪造
·宽度l等于2.0mm
·高度h等于0.4mm
·比率(l.e)/h2等于2.650。
第三示例的多层薄膜的说明：
·第一层：20微米厚的BOPP层
·第二层：140微米厚的PE层
·第三层：7微米厚的铝层
·第四层：100微米厚的PE层
·柔性薄膜的厚度e等于0.267mm。
第三示例的加强元件的说明：
·如图6所示的等腰梯形横截面(两边为凹的)的PE加强元件
·PE加强元件包含脱氧剂
·宽度l等于3mm
·高度h等于0.4mm
·比率(l.e)/h2等于5.006。
第四示例的多层薄膜的说明：
·层3：印刷在下表面的12微米厚的PET层
·层4：12微米厚的具有SiOx涂层的PET层
·层5：200微米厚的PE层
·柔性薄膜的厚度e等于0.224mm。
第四示例的加强元件的说明：
·如图7所示的矩形横截面的PE加强元件
·加强元件的宽度l等于3mm
·加强元件的高度h等于0.27mm
·比率(l.e)/h2等于9.218。
第五示例的多层薄膜的说明：
·层3：印刷在上表面的20微米厚的BOPP层
·层4：9微米厚的铝层
·层5：140微米厚的PE层
·柔性薄膜的厚度e等于0.169mm。
第五示例的加强元件的说明：
·如图7所示的矩形横截面的PE加强元件
·加强元件的宽度l等于1.2mm
·加强元件的高度h等于0.3mm
·比率(l.e)/h2等于2.253。
第六示例的单层薄膜的说明：
·由PE制成的柔性薄膜的厚度e等于0.380mm。
第六示例的加强元件的说明：
·如图3所示的具有半椭圆横截面的PE加强元件
·加强元件的宽度l等于2.2mm
·加强元件的宽度h等于0.4mm
·比率(l.e)/h2等于5.225。
第七示例的多层薄膜的说明：
·层3：印刷在上表面的280微米厚的PE层
·层4：20微米厚的铝层
·层5：100微米厚的PE层
·柔性薄膜的厚度e等于0.4mm。
第七示例的加强元件的说明：
·如图7所示的矩形横截面的PE加强元件
·加强元件的宽度l等于2.4mm
·加强元件的高度h等于0.45mm
·比率(l.e)/h2等于4.741。
由于本发明能够通过对焊薄膜生产包装，其中，薄膜组合了焊接层以及未对焊的层，因此本发明是尤其有利的。本发明使得有可能对接薄膜的端部，其中，薄膜的端部被部分焊接。
本发明使得有可能获得在焊接区具有十分高的强度的焊接包装。由此获得的包装可以在其整个表面上印刷，而不会在焊接区印刷中产生中断。本发明使得有可能获得强度高且更加美观的包装。
当用于生产包装管时，本发明是尤其有利的。对于柔性包装袋的生产，本发明也具有众多优势。
以包括三层的柔性薄膜为例给出了对本发明的说明书。在本说明书中，对于多层薄膜的结合来说关键的薄的粘结剂层已经被故意地排除在说明书之外，从而不会使本发明的内容变得复杂。对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是，本发明不限于包括一至三层的柔性薄膜；层的数量并不是本发明的限制因素。

Claims (17)

1.一种管状包装体，其由柔性薄膜形成，该柔性薄膜具有厚度e，柔性薄膜的端部被对焊并且由塑料加强元件覆盖，该塑料加强元件位于所述管状包装体的内表面上并且具有由宽度l和高度h限定的横截面，所述管状包装体的特征在于，必须满足下述所有条件：
-h大于或等于e，
-比率(l.e)/h2在1和10之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，高度h至多等于厚度e的两倍。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，还必须满足下述条件：
-h在100μm和500μm之间，
-e在100μm和400μm之间。
4.如权利要求2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，高度h等于厚度e的1.2倍。
5.如权利要求3所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，高度h等于厚度e的1.2倍。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，l在1mm和3mm之间。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，所述塑料加强元件具有半椭圆形状的横截面。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，所述塑料加强元件具有等腰梯形形状的横截面。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，所述塑料加强元件具有等腰梯形形状的横截面，该等腰梯形的两侧边是凹的。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，所述塑料加强元件具有矩形形状的横截面。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，薄膜的端部是下斜的。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，所述薄膜是多层薄膜并且包括对焊仅部分进行或不进行对焊的至少一层。
13.如权利要求12所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，所述至少一层形成包装的外表面。
14.如权利要求1或2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，所述塑料加强元件包括多个层。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，所述塑料加强元件包括脱氧剂。
16.如权利要求1或2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，所述塑料加强元件包括微米级或纳米级的粉末形式的标记物，使其能够防止伪造。
17.如权利要求1或2所述的管状包装体，其特征在于，焊接处在垂直于焊接的方向和平行于焊接的方向之间的弯曲刚性的比率至少等于25。
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