CN104341574B - 一种60%固含的水性聚氨酯 - Google Patents

一种60%固含的水性聚氨酯 Download PDF

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CN104341574B
CN104341574B CN201310341564.7A CN201310341564A CN104341574B CN 104341574 B CN104341574 B CN 104341574B CN 201310341564 A CN201310341564 A CN 201310341564A CN 104341574 B CN104341574 B CN 104341574B
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韦雨春
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种60%固含量水性聚氨酯的制备。该水性聚氨酯,按重量份计包括以下组分:聚氨酯58~62重量份;有机溶剂0~6重量份;去离子水30~40重量份;有机胺类扩链剂1~3重量份;pH值调节剂适量。其优点是通过使用特殊设计的复合的聚酯多元醇和复合的异氰酸酯单体,制备出60%固含量的高固含水性聚氨酯。所述的复合聚酯多元醇,按重量份计包括以下组分:含磺酸盐基团的聚酯多元醇20~40重量份;含高度支链结构的聚酯多元醇60~80重量份。所述的复合异氰酸酯单体,按重量份计包括以下组分:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)20~70重量份;二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)30~80重量份。

Description

一种60%固含的水性聚氨酯
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料领域,尤其是一种固含量高达60%的水性聚氨酯的制备方法。
背景技术
水性聚氨酯具有不燃、不污染环境、节省能源等优点,在国内外己有相当发展,其应用领域越来越广。
水性聚氨酯本质上具有溶剂型聚氨酯的优良特性,但其固含量通常较低,国内商品多为20%-40%,使其在很多领域的应用受到限制。这主要是因为以下因素的影响:(1)水的蒸发潜热比溶剂高得多,施工时耗能较高;(2)水的表面张力是通常使用溶剂的3倍,对基材的润湿性差,影响聚氨酯特性的发挥;(3)固含量低致使设备的利用率较低,并增加了包装、贮存、运输成本。
为解决上述问题,目前国内外关于水性聚氨酯研究的重点大都集中于提高水性聚氨酯的固含量,尤其是50%固含量以上的高固含品种。但是生产高固含量的水性聚氨酯在理论上存在着较大的困难。有研究表明,聚氨酯在水中的极限固含量为62.83%。目前国内外大多采用在水性聚氨酯中引入磺酸基团的方法来提高固含量。与羧酸盐型相比,磺酸盐亲水基团为强酸强碱盐,具有较高的离子化强度,更易形成较高固含量。但欲制备固含量超过50%的水性聚氨酯,单靠引入磺酸基团则非常困难。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供上述水性聚氨酯的制备方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采取的技术方案是:一种60%固含量的水性聚氨酯,按重量百分比计,由以下各组分组成:
其中,所述的聚氨酯的酸值范围为7~10mgKOH/g,所述的pH值调节剂控制水性聚氨酯的pH值为7.5~9.0。
具体的,聚氨酯的含量可以为58,59,60,61或62%;
有机溶剂的含量可以为0,1,2,3,4,5或6%;
去离子水的含量可以为30,31,32,35,38或40%;
有机胺类扩链剂的含量可以为1,1.2,1.5,1.8,2.0,2.3,2.5,2.8或3.0%;
pH值调节剂为适量,保证水性聚氨酯的pH值控制在7.5,7.8,8.0,8.2,8.5,8.8或9.0。
在上述方案的基础上,所述的聚氨酯按重量百分比计,包括下述组分:
复合的聚酯多元醇 60~85%;
复合的异氰酸酯单体 15~40%;
二羟甲基丙酸 1~3%;
具体的,复合聚酯多元醇的含量可以为60,65,70,75,80或85%;
复合的异氰酸酯单体的含量可以为15,18,20,23,25,28,30,33,35或40%;
二羟甲基丙酸的含量可以为1,1.5,2,2.5或3%。
在上述方案的基础上,所述的复合的聚酯多元醇为以下两种聚酯多元醇的混合物,按重量百分比计,包括下述组分:
含磺酸盐基团的聚酯多元醇 20~40%;
含高度支链结构的聚酯多元醇 60~80%;
具体的,含磺酸盐基团的聚酯多元醇含量可以为20,25,30,35或40%;
具体的,含高度支链结构的聚酯多元醇含量可以为60,65,70,75或80%。
在上述方案的基础上,所述的复合异氰酸酯单体为为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)的混合物,按重量百分比计,包括下述组分:
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI) 20~70%;
二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI) 30~80%;
具体的,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)含量可以为20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65或70%;
二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)含量可以为30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75或80%。
在上述方案的基础上,所述的含磺酸盐基团的聚酯多元醇由己二酸和间苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠,以及二元醇如乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇等通过高温酯化反应而成。按重量百分比计,包括下述组分:
己二酸 30~40%;
苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠 8~15%;
二元醇 45~60%;
其中,二元醇为乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇中的一种或几种的混合物。所述含磺酸盐基团的聚酯多元醇的分子量为1500~2500,官能度为2。
具体的,己二酸含量可以为30,33,35,38或40%;
苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠含量可以为8,10,13或15%;
二元醇含量可以为45,50,55或60%。
在上述方案的基础上,所述的含高度支链结构的聚酯多元醇由己二酸和2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇通过高温酯化反应而成。按重量百分比计,包括下述组分:
己二酸 40~45%;
2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇 55~60%;
所述含高度支链结构的聚酯多元醇分子量为1500~2500,官能度为2。
具体的,己二酸含量可以为40,42或45%;
2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇含量可以为55,56,57,58,59或60%。
在上述方案的基础上,水性聚氨酯中所述的有机溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基乙酰胺、二丙二醇二甲醚中的一种;或用丙酮法合成,先用丙酮作溶剂,最后再分离丙酮。
在上述方案的基础上,所述的有机胺类扩链剂为乙二胺、己二胺、水合肼、异佛尔酮二胺中的一种。
在上述方案的基础上,所述的pH值调节剂为三乙胺等叔胺作为中和剂。
针对上述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,采用预聚物混合法,先将复合的聚酯多元醇、二羟甲基丙酸、有机溶剂按配方加入反应釜中,再加入复合的异氰酸酯单体在60~80℃反应至完全,加入pH值调节剂中和,再将上述反应物高速分散至去离子水中,加入有机胺类扩链剂,制得水性聚氨酯;或采用丙酮法,先将复合的聚酯多元醇、二羟甲基丙酸、丙酮按配方加入反应釜中,加入复合的异氰酸酯单体在50~58℃反应至完全,加入pH值调节剂中和,再将上述反应物高速分散至去离子水中,加入有机胺类扩链剂,最后分离丙酮,制得含微量丙酮的水性聚氨酯。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明获得了固含量高达60%的水性聚氨酯。
具体实施方式
实施例1
水性聚氨酯按重量百分比计包括下述组分:
(1)聚氨酯,60%
其中,按重量百分比计,含磺酸盐基团的聚酯多元(分子量为2000),30%;含高度支链结构的聚酯多元醇(分子量为2000),45%;异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),6.9%;二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI),16.1%;二羟甲基丙酸,2.0%。
(2)N-甲基吡咯烷酮(有机溶剂),5%
(3)去离子水,31.2%
(4)乙二胺(有机胺类扩链剂),2.3%
(5)三乙胺(pH值调节剂),1.5%。
制备方法为:采用预聚物混合法,先将含磺酸盐基团的聚酯多元、含高度支链结构的聚酯多元醇、二羟甲基丙酸、N-甲基吡咯烷酮按配方加入反应釜中,再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)在70℃反应至完全(NCO基团被检测值不高于理论值为止),加入pH值调节剂三乙胺中和,再将上述反应物高速分散至去离子水中,加入乙二胺扩链,制得水性聚氨酯。
按GB/T1725-2007方法测试以上水性聚氨酯的固含量为60.0%。
实施例2
水性聚氨酯按重量百分比计包括下述组分:
(1)聚氨酯,61%
其中,按重量百分比计,含磺酸盐基团的聚酯多元(分子量为2000),32%;含高度支链结构的聚酯多元醇(分子量为2000),48%;异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI),9.25%;二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI),9.25%;二羟甲基丙酸,1.5%。
(2)丙酮,为聚氨酯重量份的一半,最后分离掉,不计入总重量百分比中。
(3)去离子水,36.4%
(4)乙二胺(有机胺类扩链剂),1.5%
(5)三乙胺(pH值调节剂),1.1%。
制备方法为:采用丙酮法,先将含磺酸盐基团的聚酯多元醇、含高度支链结构的聚酯多元醇、二羟甲基丙酸、丙酮按配方加入反应釜中,再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)单体在50~58℃反应至完全(NCO基团被检测值不高于理论值为止),加入pH值调节剂中和,再将上述反应物高速分散至去离子水中,加入有机胺类扩链剂。最后在35~45℃下抽真空分离丙酮,制得基本不含丙酮的水性聚氨酯。
按GB/T1725-2007方法测试以上水性聚氨酯的固含量为61.0%。

Claims (7)

1.一种60%固含的水性聚氨酯,其特征在于:按重量百分比计,由以下各组分组成:
其中,所述的聚氨酯的酸值范围为7~10mgKOH/g,所述的pH值调节剂控制水性聚氨酯的pH值为7.5~9.0;
所述的聚氨酯由按重量百分比计的下述组分制备得到:
复合的聚酯多元醇 60~85%
复合的异氰酸酯单体 15~40%
二羟甲基丙酸 1~3%,
其中,所述的复合的聚酯多元醇为两种聚酯多元醇的物理混合物,所述的复合的异氰酸酯单体为两种异氰酸酯单体的物理混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯,其特征在于:所述的复合的聚酯多元醇为以下两种聚酯多元醇的混合物,按重量百分比计,由以下各组分组成:
含磺酸盐基团的聚酯多元醇 20~40%
含高度支链结构的聚酯多元醇 60~80%;
其中,所述的含磺酸盐基团的聚酯多元醇由按重量百分比计的下述组分制备得到:
己二酸 30~40%
苯二甲酸-5-磺酸钠 8~15%
二元醇 45~60%,
其中,二元醇为乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇中的一种或几种的混合物,所述含磺酸盐基团的聚酯多元醇的分子量为1500~2500,官能度为2;
其中,所述的含高度支链结构的聚酯多元醇由按重量百分比计的下述组分制备得到:
己二酸 40~45%
2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇 55~60%,
其中,所述含高度支链结构的聚酯多元醇分子量为1500~2500,官能度为2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯,其特征在于:所述的复合的异氰酸酯单体为按重量百分比计,20~70%的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和30~80%的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯,其特征在于:所述的有机溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基乙酰胺、二丙二醇二甲醚中的一种;或用丙酮法合成,最后分离丙酮而成为含微量丙酮的水性聚氨酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯,其特征在于:所述的有机胺类扩链剂为乙二胺、己二胺、水合肼、异佛尔酮二胺中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯,其特征在于:所述的pH值调节剂为三乙胺。
7.针对权利要求1至4之一所述的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,其特征在于:采用预聚物混合法,先将复合的聚酯多元醇、二羟甲基丙酸、有机溶剂按配方加入反应釜中,再加入复合的异氰酸酯单体在60~80℃反应至完全,加入pH值调节剂中和,将上述反应物高速分散至去离子水中, 加入有机胺类扩链剂,制得水性聚氨酯;或采用丙酮法,先将复合的聚酯多元醇、二羟甲基丙酸、丙酮按配方加入反应釜中,再加入复合的异氰酸酯单体在50~58℃反应至完全,加入pH值调节剂中和,再将上述反应物高速分散至去离子水中,加入有机胺类扩链剂,最后分离丙酮,制得含微量丙酮的水性聚氨酯。
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