CN104323065B - 一种葛仙米果冻及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种葛仙米果冻及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L21/00—Marmalades, jams, jellies or the like; Products from apiculture; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L21/10—Marmalades; Jams; Jellies; Other similar fruit or vegetable compositions; Simulated fruit products
- A23L21/15—Marmalades; Jams; Jellies; Other similar fruit or vegetable compositions; Simulated fruit products derived from fruit or vegetable juices
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及食品领域,特别涉及一种葛仙米果冻,按重量百分比,包括以下组分:15-25%葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液,0.1-0.5%葛仙米多糖干粉,10-20%果汁,0.03-0.2%食用胶,10-13%蜂蜜,0.05-0.2%柠檬酸,4-5%木糖醇,0.01-0.03%山梨酸钾,0.01-0.05%乳化剂,0.01-0.1%固体奶油,0.1-0.2%香兰素,水余量。本发明提供的葛仙米果冻不仅具有亮丽的色彩,给人的视觉带来清新愉悦的快感,而且同时具有抗氧化、提高人体免疫力的功效;本发明通过葛仙米水凝胶营养液与食用胶的复配使用,不仅降低了食用胶的用量,而且使果冻具有更好的口感。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种食品,特别涉及一种葛仙米果冻及制备方法。
背景技术
现有果冻品种繁多,均具有一定的营养价值。葛仙米俗称水木耳,古称天仙菜,是一种固氮蓝藻,其藻体含有丰富的藻类淀粉、蛋白质,具有人体所必须的8种氨基酸,同时还富含活性多糖、多种维生素、矿物质、藻胆素和类胡萝卜素,维生素B1、B2也高于一般菌藻类,其丰富的维生素E,使葛仙米具有抗老化、抗氧化以及抗癌的功能。
葛仙米藻胆蛋白是红藻和蓝藻特有的捕光色素蛋白,是一种重要的生物活性物质,可作为天然的食品色素,不但色彩亮丽,而且具有抗辐射、消炎、促进伤口愈合、调节免疫力、促进造血、抗癌等医疗保健功效。葛仙米多糖也是一种重要的生物活性物质,不但是一种优质的天然食品添加剂,如增稠剂、稳定剂、抗结晶剂、胶凝剂等,而且还表现出了一定的提高机体免疫力、抗肿瘤的生物学功效。葛仙米含有丰富的藻胆蛋白和多糖,其含量分别可达10-20%(DW)和25-47%(DW)。
果汁中的营养成分虽然远不及水果中的含量高,但其所含维生素、矿物质、果胶等营养成分仍然相对较高,加上爽口的味道,在饮品领域中不但广为大众喜爱,而且经久不衰,因此本发明亦将果汁引入其中。采用葛仙米、葛仙米藻胆蛋白、葛仙米多糖、枸杞黄芪红枣提取物、果汁制成的葛仙米果冻,营养全面,食用方便,可以满足不同消费人群的需要,食用受众广,老少皆宜。
果冻自进入中国市场以来,其丰富的口味和特殊的口感很快受到广大消费者,特别是青少年朋友的青睐。传统的果冻口感单一,含有大量膳食纤维,摄入量过多会降低人体对锌,铁,钙等微量元素的吸收,且果冻在制作过程中营养成分损失较大,但是随着生活水平的提高,人们渴望买到各种具有食药两用型的果冻,但目前市场上较为少有。
发明内容
为克服上述缺陷,本发明提供了一种葛仙米果冻及制备方法。
为了达到上述目的,具体采用如下的技术方案:
一种葛仙米果冻,按重量份包括以下组分:15-25%葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液,0.1-0.5%葛仙米多糖干粉,10-20%果汁,0.03-0.2%食用胶,10-13%蜂蜜,0.05-0.2%柠檬酸,4-5%木糖醇,0.01-0.03%山梨酸钾,0.01-0.05%乳化剂,0.01-0.1%固体奶油,0.1-0.2%香兰素,水余量。
本发明提供的葛仙米果冻不仅具有亮丽的色彩,给人的视觉带来清新愉悦的快感,而且同时具有抗氧化、提高人体免疫力的功效;本发明通过葛仙米水凝胶营养液与食品胶的复配使用,不仅降低了食用胶的用量,而且使果冻具有更好的口感。
本发明中葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液可选用市售的所有产品。优选的,可采用如下方案进行制备。葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取葛仙米鲜品,清洗,晾干表面水分,采用反复冻融法处理表面无水的葛仙米鲜品;
(2)收集步骤(1)中释放出来的蓝紫色液体和葛仙米生物体残渣,所述蓝紫色液体即为葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液。
在上述葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液的制备方法中,具体的,步骤(1)的中的反复冻融法指将葛仙米鲜品在-10~-4℃下冷冻1-2小时,取出放置于室温下5-10分钟,此过程反复3-5次。
本发明利用葛仙米多糖干粉作为果冻的纯天然增稠剂,不但口感丰厚,而且细腻爽滑,更重要的是还具有极高的医疗保健功效。此外葛仙米多糖干粉还具有显著的抗菌和防腐作用,可作为纯天然防腐剂,替代传统的防腐剂。
本发明中葛仙米多糖干粉可选用市售的所有产品。优选的,可采用如下方案进行制备。葛仙米多糖干粉的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)以0.1~0.5mol/L的NaOH溶液于35-45℃处理葛仙米藻胆蛋白粉制备过程中产生的葛仙米生物体残渣1.5-2.5h,然后用柠檬酸中和至中性;
(2)按照每100mg物料添加0.5-1.0mg木瓜蛋白酶的比例向步骤(1)所得溶液中添加木瓜蛋白酶,于40-45℃下提取8-10h,经过碱-酶复合处理,得到提取液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的提取液浓缩至体积为原体积的1/4-1/3,得葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液;
(4)将乙醇与步骤(3)所得的浓糖液混合,使乙醇浓度达到70-80%(质量比,也就是酒精的浓度),即出现葛仙米多糖沉淀;
(5)离心回收沉淀,经真空冷冻干燥得葛仙米多糖干品,粉碎后得葛仙米多糖干粉。
在上述葛仙米多糖干粉的制备方法中,步骤(2)所得的提取液采用苯酚-硫酸法测定其总糖含量可达13%-22%。
步骤(3)采用抽真空加热法浓缩。
步骤(4)的乙醇为无水乙醇或95%(质量比)乙醇。
步骤(6)中将葛仙米多糖干品采用粉碎机粉碎成150-250目的细粉,即得到葛仙米多糖干粉。
本发明将葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液和葛仙米多糖干粉的提取工艺结合在一起,先从原料中获得葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液,再从废料中获得葛仙米粗多糖干粉,充分提高了对葛仙米原材料的利用率。采用此结合工艺获得相同量葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液和葛仙米粗多糖干粉与采用单独工艺分别提取相比,可节约高达45%的葛仙米原料。
将葛仙米鲜品添加到果冻中不仅能够提高葛仙米果冻的美感,而且葛仙米鲜品里还含有葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液和葛仙米多糖干粉中没有的营养成分,所以添加葛仙米鲜品还能够提高葛仙米果冻的营养功效。向葛仙米果冻中添加葛仙米鲜品,可提高人体对铁、锌、钙等元素的吸收,起到清热收敛,益气明目,治疗夜盲症的作用。
进一步的,为了能使葛仙米果冻较好的适用于体质虚弱的人群,上述葛仙米果冻中还包括0.1-1%的枸杞黄芪红枣提取物。
枸杞黄芪红枣提取物的制备可采用如下方法:将0.5-1公斤的枸杞、0.5-1公斤的黄芪和0.5-1公斤的红枣捣碎后浸入10-20公斤的纯化水中,先浸泡30-60分钟,然后逐渐加热,到水温为75-80℃后,停止加热,逐渐冷却水温至50-60℃止,保温浸提4-6小时,过滤,将过滤液浓缩成枸杞黄芪红枣提取物。
在本发明的葛仙米果冻中,具体的,所述食用胶包括卡拉胶0.01-0.1份,黄原胶0.01-0.05份,魔芋胶0.01-0.05份。
胶类物质难被消化,容易吸附在胃粘膜上,导致胃液的分泌和蠕动受到影响,从而影响对其他食物的消化,为了减少食用胶的用量,降低胶类物质带来的伤害,本发明中加入了低浓度的葛仙米多糖,而葛仙米多糖除了具有低浓度高黏度的特性外,还具有良好的营养保健的功效。
在本发明的葛仙米果冻中,本发明所述乳化剂选用蔗糖脂肪酸酯,它能很好地将本发明中所添加的葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液或葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉乳化,使藻胆蛋白均匀分布。并且蔗糖脂肪酸酯水解后成为蔗糖和可食用的脂肪酸具有营养价值,可被机体吸收利用,与一般的合成表面活性剂不同,蔗糖酯在厌氧和好氧气的条件下都可以被生物所降解,这为环境处理带来方便,是一种绿色环保型表面活性剂,符合本发明绿色健康的理念。
本发明还可以将上述葛仙米果冻中的葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液替换为等量的(固含量相同)葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉。
葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉可采用葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液为原料制备,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)取葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液于4-10℃下冷冻离心,弃沉淀;
(2)向步骤(1)离心后的上清液中加入硫酸铵使其达到20%-30%饱和度,重复步骤(1)的离心操作,弃沉淀;
(3)向步骤(2)离心后的上清液中加入硫酸铵使其达到50%-60%的饱和度,重复步骤(1)中离心操作,弃上清,得沉淀物;
(4)将步骤(3)所得沉淀物用磷酸缓冲液溶解后于3-5℃透析;
(5)透析后的沉淀用磷酸缓冲液溶解,真空冷冻干燥后即得葛仙米的藻胆蛋白粗提粉。
在上述葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉的制备方法中,具体的,步骤(1)中离心时转速为10000-14000r/min,离心时间为30-45min。
步骤(2)中加入硫酸铵使其达到20%饱和度。
步骤(3)中加入硫酸铵使其达到50%的饱和度。
优选地,在步骤(2)和步骤(3)中加入的硫酸铵为固体。
步骤(5)中冷冻干燥的条件为-10~-20℃,真空1.3-13帕,升华温度为20-30℃。
在上述葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉的制备方法中,磷酸缓冲液的配制方法为将0.2M的Na2HPO4·12H2O溶液61.0ml与0.2M的NaH2PO4·2H2O的溶液39.0ml,混匀即可。
本发明还可以将上述葛仙米果冻中的葛仙米多糖干粉替换为等量的(固含量相同)葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液。
本发明的一种葛仙米果冻还包括葛仙米鲜品。优选加入5-10%的葛仙米鲜品。本发明中的葛仙米鲜品可直接从葛仙米鲜品中精选后清洗干净获得;或者将含水率为10-15%的葛仙米干品用蒸馏水或饮用纯化水浸泡,待其充分复水后精选其中色黑形圆且口感Q弹的珍珠状球体,清洗干净备用。具体的,葛仙米鲜品的球体直径在5mm以上。
本发明的一种葛仙米果冻还可以加入葛仙米滤浆,所述葛仙米滤浆的制备方法为:将葛仙米鲜品在榨汁机中打成浆,过滤即得。优选地,将5-10%的葛仙米鲜品在榨汁机中打成浆,过滤即得。
具体的,本发明所述水选自纯化水、去离子水或蒸馏水中的一种或几种。
具体的,为了适合大众的口味,所述果汁选取草莓汁、芒果汁、蓝莓汁、苹果汁、柠檬汁、橙汁、葡萄汁中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了葛仙米果冻的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将食用胶溶于水中,使其充分溶胀后再加热至完全溶解,加入木糖醇、葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液(葛仙米多糖干粉)、山梨酸钾、固体奶油、乳化剂、香兰素,或进一步加入枸杞黄芪红枣提取物,煮沸至澄清透明的胶液,过滤取滤液;
(2)当步骤(1)中滤液降温至40-50℃时加入柠檬酸;
(3)当步骤(2)中滤液降温至40℃以下时加入葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液(葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉),同时加入果汁、蜂蜜,进一步加入葛仙米鲜品(葛仙米滤浆);
(4)抽真空除气泡,灌装到果冻杯中封口,静置成冻。
说明:在本发明葛仙米果冻的制备方法中,因枸杞黄芪红枣提取物、葛仙米鲜品、葛仙米滤浆是可以选择加入的组分,而不是必须加入的组分,步骤(1)中的进一步加入指的是当葛仙米果冻的原料中含有枸杞黄芪红枣提取物时,在步骤(1)中加入;步骤(3)中的进一步加入指的是当葛仙米果冻的原料中含有葛仙米鲜品或葛仙米滤浆时,在步骤(3)中加入。
本发明提供的果冻的制备方法简单易行,同时可以最大程度的保持葛仙米藻胆蛋白和葛仙米多糖的活性不被破坏。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1-3
本实施例的葛仙米果冻包括如下组分:
实施例4-6:
实施例4-实施例6的葛仙米果冻包括如下组分:
对比例:
实施例7:葛仙米果冻的制备方法
本实施例为实施例1~6及对比例1~3葛仙米果冻的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将食用胶溶于水中,使其充分溶胀后再加热至完全溶解,加入木糖醇、葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液(葛仙米多糖干粉)、山梨酸钾、固体奶油、乳化剂、香兰素,或进一步加入枸杞黄芪红枣提取物,煮沸至澄清透明的胶液,过滤取滤液;
(2)当步骤(1)中滤液降温至40-50℃时加入柠檬酸;
(3)当步骤(2)中滤液降温至40℃以下时加入葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液(葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉),同时加入果汁、蜂蜜,或进一步加入葛仙米鲜品(葛仙米浆液);
(4)抽真空除气泡,灌装到果冻杯中封口,静置成冻。
实施例8
本实施例为葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液/粗提粉、葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液/多糖干粉的制备。
1、葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液的制备
(1)取葛仙米鲜品,清洗,晾干表面水分,采用反复冻融法处理表面无水的葛仙米鲜品,具体操作方法为将葛仙米鲜品在-10~-4℃下冷冻1-2小时,取出放置于室温下5-10分钟,此过程反复3-5次;
(2)收集步骤(1)中释放出来的蓝紫色液体和葛仙米生物体残渣,所述蓝紫色液体即为葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液。
2.葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉的制备
(1)取葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液于4-10℃下高速冷冻离心,离心时转速为10000-14000r/min,离心时间为30-45min,弃沉淀;
(2)向步骤(1)离心后的上清液中加入固体硫酸铵使其达到20%饱和度,重复步骤(1)的离心操作,弃沉淀;
(3)向步骤(2)离心后的上清液中加入固体硫酸铵使其达到50%的饱和度,重复步骤(1)中离心操作,弃上清,得沉淀物;
(4)将步骤(3)所得沉淀物用磷酸缓冲液溶解后于4℃透析;
(5)透析后的沉淀用少量磷酸缓冲液溶解,真空冷冻干燥后即得葛仙米的藻胆蛋白粗提粉。具体的冷冻干燥的条件为-10~-20℃,真空1.3-13pa,升华温度为20-30℃。
具体的,在上述葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉的制备方法中,磷酸缓冲液的配制方法为将0.2M的Na2HPO4·12H2O溶液61.0ml与0.2MNaH2PO4·2H2O的溶液39.0ml,混匀即可。
3、葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液的制备
(1)以0.1~0.5mol/L的NaOH溶液于40℃处理葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗体液制备过程中产生的葛仙米生物体残渣2h,然后用柠檬酸中和至中性;
(2)按照每100mg物料添加0.5-1.0mg木瓜蛋白酶的比例向步骤(1)所得溶液中添加木瓜蛋白酶,于40-45℃下提取8-10h,经过碱-酶复合处理,得到提取液,采用苯酚-硫酸法测定其总糖含量可达13%-22%;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的提取液浓缩至体积为原体积的1/4-1/3,得葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液。
4、葛仙米多糖干粉的制备
(1)用95%乙醇或葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液混合,使乙醇浓度达到70-80%,即有絮状粗多糖沉淀,静置;
(2)离心回收沉淀后真空冷冻干燥得粗多糖干品,采用粉碎机将其粉碎成200目细粉。
利用本发明方法制备得到的葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液为蓝紫色的液体,葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉为深蓝色的粉末。
实验例
本发明提供的葛仙米果冻口感新鲜,味美,酸甜可口,又有不同果味的柔美清新,且色泽鲜亮,增强人的食欲。
本实验例按照感官品评标准,分别对实施例1-6制备的葛仙米果冻,以及对比例1-3中提及的葛仙米果冻进行感官品评,结果如下表所示。
项目 | 弹性 | 咀嚼性 | 口感 | 综合评分 |
实施例1 | 0.95 | 88 | 细腻 | 95 |
实施例2 | 0.93 | 88 | 细腻 | 94 |
实施例3 | 0.95 | 88 | 细腻 | 95 |
实施例4 | 0.93 | 85 | 细腻 | 92 |
实施例5 | 0.94 | 86 | 细腻 | 93 |
实施例6 | 0.94 | 86 | 较细腻 | 90 |
对比例1 | 0.88 | 85 | 较细腻 | 85 |
对比例2 | 0.90 | 82 | 较细腻 | 82 |
对比例3 | 0.84 | 78 | 粗糙 | 78 |
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种葛仙米果冻,其特征在于,按重量百分比,包括以下组分:15-25%葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液或葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉,0.1-0.5%葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液或葛仙米多糖干粉,10-20%果汁,0.03-0.2%食用胶,10-13%蜂蜜,0.05-0.2%柠檬酸,4-5%木糖醇,0.01-0.03%山梨酸钾,0.01-0.05%乳化剂,0.01-0.1%固体奶油,0.1-0.2%香兰素,0.1-1%枸杞黄芪红枣提取物,5-10%的葛仙米鲜品或5-10%的葛仙米滤浆,水余量;
所述食用胶由卡拉胶0.01-0.1%,黄原胶0.01-0.05%和魔芋胶0.01-0.05%组成;
所述葛仙米滤浆的制备方法为:将葛仙米鲜品在榨汁机中打成浆,过滤即得;
所述葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取葛仙米鲜品,清洗,晾干表面水分,将葛仙米鲜品在-10~-4℃下冷冻1-2小时,取出放置于室温下5-10分钟,反复3-5次;
(2)收集步骤(1)中释放出来的蓝紫色液体和葛仙米生物体残渣,所述蓝紫色液体即为葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液;
所述葛仙米多糖干粉的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)以0.1~0.5mol/L的NaOH溶液于35-45℃处理葛仙米藻胆蛋白粉制备过程中产生的葛仙米生物体残渣1.5-2.5h,然后用柠檬酸中和至中性;
(2)按照每100mg物料添加0.5-1.0mg木瓜蛋白酶的比例向步骤(1)所得溶液中添加木瓜蛋白酶,于40-45℃下提取8-10h,经过碱-酶复合处理,得到提取液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的提取液浓缩至体积为原体积的1/4-1/3,得葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液;
(4)将乙醇与步骤(3)所得的浓糖液混合,使乙醇浓度达到70-80%重量比,即出现葛仙米多糖沉淀;
(5)离心回收沉淀,经真空冷冻干燥得葛仙米多糖干品,粉碎后得葛仙米多糖干粉;
所述的葛仙米果冻的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将食用胶溶于水中,使其充分溶胀后再加热至完全溶解,加入木糖醇、葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液或葛仙米多糖干粉、山梨酸钾、固体奶油、乳化剂、香兰素,进一步加入枸杞黄芪红枣提取物,煮沸至澄清透明的胶液,过滤取滤液;
(2)当步骤(1)中滤液降温至40-50℃时加入柠檬酸;
(3)当步骤(2)中滤液降温至40℃以下时加入葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液或葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉,同时加入果汁、蜂蜜,进一步加入葛仙米鲜品或葛仙米滤浆;
(4)抽真空除气泡,灌装到果冻杯中封口,静置成冻。
2.根据权利要求1所述的葛仙米果冻,其特征在于:所述乳化剂选用蔗糖脂肪酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的葛仙米果冻,其特征在于:将葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液替换为葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉。
4.根据权利要求1所述的葛仙米果冻,其特征在于:将葛仙米多糖干粉替换为葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的葛仙米果冻,其特征在于:所述果汁选取草莓汁、芒果汁、蓝莓汁、苹果汁、柠檬汁、橙汁、葡萄汁中的一种或几种。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的葛仙米果冻的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将食用胶溶于水中,使其充分溶胀后再加热至完全溶解,加入木糖醇、葛仙米多糖凝胶营养液或葛仙米多糖干粉、山梨酸钾、固体奶油、乳化剂、香兰素,进一步加入枸杞黄芪红枣提取物,煮沸至澄清透明的胶液,过滤取滤液;
(2)当步骤(1)中滤液降温至40-50℃时加入柠檬酸;
(3)当步骤(2)中滤液降温至40℃以下时加入葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提液或葛仙米藻胆蛋白粗提粉,同时加入果汁、蜂蜜,进一步加入葛仙米鲜品或葛仙米滤浆;
(4)抽真空除气泡,灌装到果冻杯中封口,静置成冻。
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