CN1043053C - 润滑剂组合物 - Google Patents

润滑剂组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1043053C
CN1043053C CN95193446A CN95193446A CN1043053C CN 1043053 C CN1043053 C CN 1043053C CN 95193446 A CN95193446 A CN 95193446A CN 95193446 A CN95193446 A CN 95193446A CN 1043053 C CN1043053 C CN 1043053C
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weight
composition
lubricant compositions
accounts
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CN1151174A (zh
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A·J·马克森
J·W·A·普拉格奈尔
M·A·爱德华斯
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Castrol Ltd
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Castrol Ltd
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Abstract

一种适合作为直升飞机传动装置润滑剂的润滑剂组合物，包含粘度在100℃时为5.0至10.0cst的合成的基本原料、抗氧剂组份、中性有机磷酸酯组份、二羧酸组份、单羧酸组份、三唑组份和含磷耐特压添加剂。

Description

润滑剂组合物
本发明关于一种润滑剂组合物，特别是关于适合于例如直升飞机传动系统的一种传动装置润滑剂。
新的传动系统例如适合于直升飞机的传动系统的发展导致需要用于这些目的的能够满足日趋严格的载荷和防腐标准的专用润滑剂。例如由英国国防部和美国海军提出的规格提出的要求需要由新的专用直升飞机传动装置润滑剂来满足，而不能为现有的航空涡轮发动机润滑剂所达到。因此为了这些目的，需要开发新的改进的润滑剂组合物。本发明试图满足此要求。
DE-A-2039785描述了用于燃气涡轮发动机的载荷能力添加剂组合物。该载荷能力添加剂包含99℃(210°F)时粘度为5.6至6.0CS.的合成酯基本原料流体(base stock fluid)。
US-A-3694382公开了用于燃气涡轮发动机的润滑剂。该润滑剂包含在99℃(210°F)时粘度为4.0至9.1CS的合成酯基本原料(basestock)。
FR-A-2215462公开了一种以矿物油作为基本原料的润滑剂。
WO-A-9410270公开了一种抗磨润滑组合物，它包括在100℃时粘度为至少4.9cst的合成基本原料。
因此，本发明提供一种润滑剂组合物，包括：
a)包含一种或多种合成基本原料(base stock)的基本组份(basecomponent)，该基本组份的粘度在100℃时为5.0至10.0cst之间；
b)至少一种选自芳香胺类和受阻酚类的抗氯剂；
c)至少一种中性有机磷酸酯，其通式为(R1O)3PO，其中R1为甲苯基、苯基、二甲苯基、烷基或环烷基，烷基或环烷基最多可具10个碳原子；
d)至少一种饱和和/或不饱和的二羧酸，其通式为：
Figure C9519344600051
其中x+y+z为2至22的整数，包括2和22，并且其中R1至R5基团中至少有一个为羧酸基，且R1至R5中其余的基团选自烷基、羟基、硝基、氨基、羧基、氢或其烷基衍生物，其中烷基为最多达5个碳原子的短链烷基；和/或下列通式之一的二羧酸其中R1’为-COOH、烷基、羟基、硝基、氨基、氢或其烷基衍生物；R2’为-COOH；且当R1’为-COOH时，n为1至4的整数，包括1和4，或当R1’不为-COOH时，n为2至4的整数，包括2和4；
e)至少一种直链和/或支链饱和或不饱和的单羧酸，它任选硫化达最高35％(重量)的量；和/或该酸酯；和
f)至少一种下列通式的三唑：
Figure C9519344600062
其中R1”为-COOH或其烷基衍生物，或最多达5个碳原子的短链烷基；n为0或1至3的整数，包括1和3；并且R2”为氢、吗啉代、烷基、酰氨基、氨基、羟基或烷基或其芳基取代的衍生物；或选自下列的三唑：1,2,4-三唑、1,2,3-三唑、5-苯氨基-1,2,3,4-噻三唑、3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑、1-H-苯并三唑-1-基-甲基异氰化物、亚甲基-二-苯并三唑和萘并三唑；和
g)至少一种含磷耐特压添加剂。
在上述组份(d)中，二环结构式意指基团R2可接在两个芳环的任何一个上或两个上。
基本组份的至少一种基本原料优选是合成酯基本原料，特别是多元醇酯基本原料。优选组成本发明润滑剂组合物的一种基本原料的合成多元醇酯可由C5至C12单羧酸与多元醇或多元醇醚，例如新戊二醇、二羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇或二季戊四醇酯化而得。这些是常规合成酯基本原料。优选的酯是那些在美国专利4826633中所述的。
粘度可通过加入一种或多种粘度指数改进剂调整到需要的范围内。
为得到作为传动装置润滑剂的足够性能，基本组份粘度在100℃时必须为8.5至9.5cst之间，优选8.75至9.25cst。基本组份可包含单一的多元醇酯，但更通常是多元醇酯的混合物，例如粘度在100℃时约为4.0cst的多元醇酯与粘度在100℃时约为12.0cst的多元醇酯的混合物。优选的合成多元醇酯为季戊四醇和/或三羟甲基丙烷和含有C5至C10直链和支链酸的酸混合物的反应产物。
抗氧剂组份b)可为受阻酚类抗氧剂，例如丁化羟基甲苯，它适宜地占润滑剂组合物重量的0.01至5％，优选0.4至0.8％。另外，或除此之外，组份b)可包含芳香胺抗氧剂，例如单-辛基苯基-α-萘胺或p,p-二辛基二苯胺，它们可单独使用或混合使用。胺抗氧剂组份适宜地占润滑剂组合物重量的0.01至5％，更优选0.5至1.5％。
组成制剂中的通式c)组份的中性有机磷酸酯可占组合物重量的0.01至4％，优选1.5至2.5％。中性有机磷酸酯还是润滑剂组合物的常规成分，并可采用满足前述通式的这种中性有机磷酸酯的任何一种。磷酸三甲苯酯是用于本发明优选的磷酸酯。
组份d)、e)和f)意在提供一种防腐的三组份体系。据发现这种混合物可使得获得能够通过美国海军防腐要求(Ball Corrosion Test-ARP4249)的润滑剂组合物，其中50％未腐蚀样品的结果就被认为是满意的防腐要求。
组成抗腐混合物第一组份的二羧酸可为满足前面已给定义的任何一种二羧酸。二羧酸占组合物重量的比例可高达0.15％。然而应该注意的是，即使存在其它满足上述定义的二羧酸，也希望在组合物中总是含有癸二酸或其相当物，这是因为癸二酸或其相当物是满足规格中除了球腐蚀试验之外的部分，例如满意的耐铅腐蚀性(lead corrosion)要求所必须的。
可用于本发明的除癸二酸之外的二元酸的实例为己二酸、壬二酸、十二双酸、3-甲基己二酸、3-硝基邻苯二甲酸、1,10-癸烷二羧酸和富马酸。
抗腐混合物的第二组份为可任选硫化高达35％(重量)的直链或支链、饱和或不饱和单羧酸或其酯。优选的酸为C4至C22直链不饱和单羧酸。该添加剂优选的浓度为占润滑剂组合物总重的0.001％至0.35％。优选的单羧酸为硫化的油酸。然而，其它适宜的原料为油酸本身、戊酸和芥酸。
抗腐混合物的第三组份为前述定义的三唑。三唑应以组合物总重的0.005％至0.25％的浓度使用。优选的三唑为苯并三唑。
组合物的组份g)包含至少一种含磷的耐特压添加剂。此类添加剂的实例是胺的磷酸化物耐特压添加剂，例如已知的商品名为IRGALUBE349和/或三苯基硫代磷酸酯耐特压/耐磨添加剂，例如已知的商品名为IRGALUBE TPPT。这种胺的磷酸化物适宜地占润滑剂组合物重量的0.01至2％，优选0.2至0.6％，而这种硫代磷酸酯适宜地占润滑剂组合物重量的0.01至3％，优选0.5至1.5％。优选采用胺的磷酸化物和硫代磷酸酯的混合物。
为提供直升飞机传动装置的润滑剂，添加剂的量这样选择：符合美国海军对在100℃时的里德齿轮实验(Ryder geartest)值为200的要求(相对值，％Herco A作为参照流体，6次的平均值)。
下列实例意在说明本发明的优选润滑剂组合物。
                               ％重量
单-辛基苯基-α-萘胺             0.5％
丁化羟基甲苯                    0.5％
苯并三唑                        0.1％
硫化油酸                        0.05％
癸二酸                          0.01％
三甲苯基磷酸酯                  2.0％
胺的磷酸化物                    0.4％
三苯基硫代磷酸酯                1.0％
硅氧烷消泡剂                    2ppm
使组合物粘度为8.75至9.25cst的
基本合成酯流体混合物            95.44％
发现得到的组合物在100℃里德齿轮实验(相对值，％Herco A)的值为204.7且通过了球腐蚀试验(Ball Corrosion Test)(根据ARP方法4249)的定额。

Claims (11)

1.一种润滑剂组合物，包括：
a)包含一种或多种合成基本原料(base stock)的基本组份(basecomponent)，该基本组份的粘度在100℃时为8.5至9.5 cSt之间；
b)至少一种选自占组合物0.01-5重量％的芳香胺类和占组合物0.01-5重量％的受阻酚类的抗氧剂；
c)占组合物1.5-2.5重量％的至少一种中性有机磷酸酯，其通式为(R1O)3PO，其中R1为甲苯基、苯基、二甲苯基、烷基或环烷基，烷基或环烷基最多可具10个碳原子；
d)最高达占组合物0.15重量％的至少一种饱和和/或不饱和的二羧酸，其通式为：
Figure C9519344600021
其中x+y+z为2至22的整数，包括2和22，并且其中R1至R5基团中至少有一个为羧酸基，且R1至R5中其余的基团选自烷基、羟基、硝基、氨基、羧基、氢或其烷基衍生物，其中烷基为最多达5个碳原子的短链烷基；和/或下列通式之一的二羧酸
Figure C9519344600022
其中R1’为-COOH、烷基、羟基、硝基、氨基、氢或其烷基衍生物；R2’为-COOH；且当R1’为-COOH时，n为1至4的整数，包括1和4，或当R1’不为-COOH时，n为2至4的整数，包括2和4；
e)占组合物0.001-0.35重量％的至少一种直链和/或支链饱和或不饱和的单羧酸，它任选硫化达最高35重量％的量；和/或该酸酯；和
f)占组合物0.005-0.25重量％的至少一种下列通式的三唑：
Figure C9519344600031
其中R1”为-COOH或其烷基衍生物，或最多达5个碳原子的短链烷基；n为0或1至3的整数，包括1和3；并且R2”为氢、吗啉代、烷基、酰氨基、氨基、羟基或烷基或其芳基取代的衍生物；或选自下列的三唑：1,2,4-三唑、1,2,3-三唑、5-苯氨基-1,2,3,4-噻三唑、3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑、1-H-苯并三唑-1-基-甲基异氰化物、亚甲基-二-苯并三唑和萘并三唑；和
g)占组合物0.01-5重量％的至少一种含磷耐特压添加剂。
2．根据权利要求1的润滑剂组合物，其中至少一种基本组份的基本原料为多元醇酯。
3．根据权利要求2的润滑剂组合物，其中多元醇酯基本原料包含被一种或多种多元醇或多元醇醚酯化的一种或多种C5至C12的单羧酸。
4．根据权利要求1至3中任何一项的润滑剂组合物，其中基本组份的粘度在100℃时为8.75至9.25 cSt之间。
5．根据权利要求1的润滑剂组合物，其中抗氧剂包含占组合物重量0.4至0.8％的受阻酚类抗氧剂。
6．根据权利要求1的润滑剂组合物，其中抗氧剂包含占组合物重量0.5至1.5％的芳香胺抗氧剂。
7．根据权利要求1的润滑剂组合物，其中饱和和/或不饱和二羧酸组份(d)包含癸二酸。
8．根据权利要求1的润滑剂组合物，其中单羧酸组份(e)包含硫化的油酸。
9．根据权利要求1的润滑剂组合物，其中三唑组份(f)包含苯并三唑。
10．根据权利要求1的润滑剂组合物，其中耐特压添加剂组份(g)包含占组合物重量0.2至0.6％的胺的磷酸化物耐特压添加剂。
11．根据权利要求1的润滑剂组合物，其中耐特压添加剂组份(g)包含占组合物重量0.5至1.5％的硫代磷酸酯耐特压添加剂。
CN95193446A 1994-04-26 1995-04-25 润滑剂组合物 Expired - Fee Related CN1043053C (zh)

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