JP3780323B2 - 潤滑剤組成物 - Google Patents

潤滑剤組成物 Download PDF

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JP3780323B2
JP3780323B2 JP52748095A JP52748095A JP3780323B2 JP 3780323 B2 JP3780323 B2 JP 3780323B2 JP 52748095 A JP52748095 A JP 52748095A JP 52748095 A JP52748095 A JP 52748095A JP 3780323 B2 JP3780323 B2 JP 3780323B2
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component
lubricant composition
alkyl
acid
weight
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JPH10503535A (ja
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マークソン、アンドリュー、ジヨナサン
プラグネル、ジョン、ウイリアム、アンソニ
エドワーズ、マーク、アンソニ
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カストロール、リミテッド
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    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
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Description

この発明は、潤滑剤組成物に関するものであり、とくに伝装置用潤滑剤例えばヘリコプターの伝装置システムに適した伝装置用潤滑剤に関するものである。
新しい伝装置システム、例えばヘリコプター用の伝装置システムの発展は、積荷運搬と腐蝕保護との基準から来る要求を適えるために、専用の潤滑剤を要求するに至っている。例えば、英国国防省及び米国海軍が進めている仕様書は、現存する航空機タービンエンジン用潤滑剤では適当なものがなくて、新しい専用のヘリコプター伝装置用潤滑剤で適えられるような要求を提出している。従って、そのような目的のために新しい改良された潤滑剤を開発する必要がある。この発明は、この必要を満たすことを目的としている。
ドイツ特許公開第2039785号は、ガスタービンエンジン用の積荷運搬添加剤組成物を開示している。その積荷運搬添加剤組成物は、99℃(210°F)で5.6から6.0csの粘度を持った合成エステル基材原料から成るものである(実施例参照)。
米国特許第3694382号明細書は、ガスタービンエンジン用潤滑剤を開示している。その潤滑剤は、99℃(210°F)で4.0から9.1csにわたる粘度を持った合成エステル基材原料から成るものである。
フランス特許公開第2215462号は、基材原料としてミネラルオイルを含んだ潤滑剤を開示している。
WO−A−9410270号は、100℃で少なくとも4.9cStの粘度を持った合成基材原料からなる腐蝕防止潤滑剤組成物を開示している。
従って、この発明は、
a)1種又は2種以上の合成基材原料からなる基材成分で、100℃で8.5から9.5cStまでの範囲内にある粘度を持った基材成分と、
b)芳香族アミンとヒンダードフェノール系化合物から選ばれた少なくとも1種の酸化防止剤と、
c)式(R1O)3POで表される少なくとも1種の中性の有機燐酸エステルで、その場合R1がトリル、フェニル、キシリル、アルキル又はシクロアルキル基であり、アルキル又はシクロアルキル基は10個までの炭素原子を持った中性の有機燐酸エステルと、
d)フマール酸又は一般式
Figure 0003780323
で表される少なくとも1種の飽和及び/又は不飽和のジカルボキシル酸で、その場合x+y+zが端を含んだ2から22までの範囲内にある整数であり、R1からR5までの基の少なくとも1個がカルボキシル酸基であり、R1からR5までのその余の基がアルキル、ヒドロキシ、ニトロ、アミノ、カルボキシル、水素又はそれらのアルキル誘導体から選ばれたものであり、アルキルは5個までの炭素原子から成る短い鎖であり、及び/又は下記3個の式のうちの1つのジカルボキシル酸であり、
Figure 0003780323
この場合、R1′は−COOH、アルキル、ヒドロキシ、ニトロ、アミノ、水素又はそれらのアルキル誘導体であり、R2′は−COOHであり、nはR1′が−COOHである場合には端を含んだ1から4までの整数であり、又はR1′が−COOHでない場合には端を含んだ2から4までの整数であるようなジカルボキシル酸と、
e)35重量%の量まで任意に硫化されている少なくとも1種の直鎖及び/又は分岐鎖状の飽和又は不飽和のモノカルボキシル酸、及び/又はそのような酸のエステルと、
f)式
Figure 0003780323
で表される少なくとも1種のトリアゾールで、この場合R1″は−COOH、又はそのアルキル誘導体、又は5個までの炭素原子を含んだ短い鎖のアルキル基であり、nは零又は端を含んだ1と3との間の整数であり、R2″は水素、モルフイリノ、アルキル、アミド、アミノ、ヒドロキシ、又はそれらのアルキル若しくはアリール置換誘導体であり、又は1、2、4−トリアゾール、1、2、3−トリアゾール、5−アニロ−1、2、3−4−チアトリアゾール、3−アミノ−1、2、4−トリアゾール、1−H−ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イル−メチルイソシアナイド、メチレン−ビス−ベンゾトリアゾール及びナフトトリアゾールから選ばれたトリアゾールと、及び
g)少なくとも1種の燐含有極圧添加剤と、から成ることを特徴とする潤滑剤組成物を提供するものである。
上述の成分(d)において、二環構造式は、R2の基が芳香族環の一方又は両方に接続してもよいことを示す意味を持っている。
基材成分の少なくとも1つの基材原料は、合成エステル基材原料、とくにポリオールエステル基材原料であることが好ましい。この発明に係る潤滑剤組成物の基材原料を構成するのに好ましい合成ポリオールエステルは、ネオペンチルグリコール、ジメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール又はジペンタエリスリトールのようなポリオール又はポリオールエーテルでエステル化された、C5からC12のモノカルボキシル酸から作ることができる。これらは従来の合成エステル基材原料である。好ましいエステルは、米国特許第4,826,633号明細書に記載されているものである。
その粘度は、1種又は2種以上の粘度指数改良剤を含ませることによって、必要な範囲内に来るように調整することができる。
装置用潤滑剤として適当な性能を得るためには、基材成分が、100℃で8.5から9.5cSt、さらに好ましくは8.75から9.25cStの範囲内の粘度を持つことが必要である。その基材成分は、ただ1種のポリオールエステルからなるものであってもよいが、ポリオールエステルの混合物であるのがさらに普通であって、例えば100℃で約4.0cStの粘度を持ったポリオールエステルと、100℃で約12.0cStの粘度を持ったポリオールエステルとの混合物である。好ましい合成ポリオールエステルは、ペンタエリスリトール及び/又はトリメチロールプロパンと、C5からC10の直鎖又は分岐鎖を持つ酸からなる酸混合物との反応生成物である。
酸化防止剤成分b)は、ブチル化されたヒドロキシトルエンのようなヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤であってもよく、潤滑剤組成物の0.01から5重量%、好ましくは0.4から0.8重量%の量存在するのが適している。その代わりに、又はそれに加えて成分b)は、モノオクチルフェニルアルファナフチルアミン、又はP、P−ジオクチルジフェニルアミンのような芳香族アミン系酸化防止剤からなるものであってもよく、それらは単独で又は混合して用いられる。そのアミン系酸化防止剤成分は、潤滑剤組成物の0.01から5重量%の範囲内で、さらに好ましくは0.5から1.5重量%の範囲内で存在するのが適している。
組成物の成分c)を構成している中性の有機燐酸エステルは、組成物の0.01から4重量%、好ましくは1.5から2.5重量%の量存在することができる。中性の有機燐酸エステルは、また潤滑剤組成物の在来成分であって、さきに説明した式に該当するような中性の有機燐酸エステルを用いることができる。トリクレジルホスフェートは、この発明で使用するのに好ましい燐酸エステルである。
成分d)、e)及びf)は、腐蝕防止用の三成分系を提供することを意図している。その組み合わせは、50%非腐蝕資料の結果が満足な腐蝕保護要件と見做されている、米国海軍の腐蝕防止要件(ボール腐蝕テスト−ARP4249)をパスできる潤滑油組成物を提供できることが判明している。
腐蝕防止剤の組み合わせの第1成分を構成しているジカルボキシル酸は、さきに述べた定義に該当するジカルボキシル酸であれば、どのようなものであってもよい。そのジカルボキシル酸は、組成物の0.15重量%までの割合で存在することができる。しかし、上述の定義に該当する別のジカルボキシル酸が存在していても、セバシン酸又はその均等物が組成物中に常に存在しなければならない、ということに注意すべきである。なぜならば、セバシン酸又はその均等物は、ボール腐蝕テスト以外の仕様の部分を満足させるため、例えば満足な鉛腐蝕抵抗を得るには必要とされるからである。
この発明で用いることのできるセバシン酸以外の二塩基酸の例は、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、ドデカンジオイック酸、3−メチルアジピン酸、3−ニトロフタール酸、1、10−デカンジカルボキシル酸、及びフマール酸である。
腐蝕防止組み合わせ物の第2成分は、直鎖又は分岐鎖状の飽和又は不飽和のモノカルボキシル酸又はそのエステルであって、それは任意的に35重量%まで硫化されていてもよい。その酸はC4からC22までの直鎖状の不飽和モノカルボキシル酸であることが好ましい。この添加剤の好ましい濃度は、全潤滑剤の0.001から0.35重量%である。好ましいモノカルボキシル酸は硫化されたオレイン酸である。しかし、他の適当な材料はオレイン酸そのもの、吉草酸及びエルカ酸である。
腐蝕防止組み合わせ物の第3成分は、さきに述べたトリアゾールである。そのトリアゾールは、全組成物の0.005から0.25重量%の濃度で使用されなければならない。好ましいトリアゾールは、ベンゾトリアゾールである。
組成物の成分g)は、少なくとも1種の燐を含んだ極圧添加剤からなるものである。そのような添加剤の例は、イルガルーブ(IRGALUBE)349という商品名で知られているようなアミンホスフェート系の極圧添加剤及び/又はイルガルーブTPPTの商品名で知られているようなトリフェニルホスホロチオネート系の極圧/耐磨耗添加剤である。そのようなアミンホスフェートは、潤滑剤組成物の0.01から2重量%、好ましくは0.2から0.6重量%の量だけ含まれているのが適しているが、そのようなホスホロチオネートは潤滑剤組成物の0.01から3重量%、好ましくは0.5から1.5重量%の量だけ含まれているのが適している。アミンホスフェートとホスホロチオネートとの混合物を用いるのが好ましい。
ヘリコプターの伝装置用潤滑剤を提供するには、米国海軍規格の100℃で、200(Herco A油を標準液体として%で示した相対値)(6回の平均)で行われるライダー(Ryder)ギヤテストに合うように、添加剤の量を選択する。
次の実施例は、この発明による好ましい潤滑剤組成物を具体的に説明するためのものである。
Figure 0003780323
得られた組成物は、100℃でのライダーギヤテスト(Herco A油を標準液体として%で示した相対値)で204.7の値を与え、従って(ARP方法4249による)ボール腐蝕テストの評価に合格するものであることが判明した。

Claims (15)

  1. a) 1種又は2種以上の合成基材原料からなる基材成分で、100℃で8.5から9.5cStまでの範囲内にある粘度を持った基材成分と、
    b) 芳香族アミンとヒンダードフェノール系化合物から選ばれた少なくとも1種の酸化防止剤と、
    c) 式(R1O)3POで表される少なくとも1種の中性の有機燐酸エステルで、その場合R1がトリル、フェニル、キシリル、アルキル又はシクロアルキル基であり、アルキル又はシクロアルキル基は10個までの炭素原子を持った中性の有機燐酸エステルと、
    d) フマール酸又は一般式
    Figure 0003780323
    で表される少なくとも1種の飽和及び/又は不飽和のジカルボキシル酸で、その場合x+y+zが端を含む2から22までの範囲内にある整数であり、R1からR5までの基の少なくとも1個がカルボキシル酸基であり、R1からR5までのその余の基がアルキル、ヒドロキシ、ニトロ、アミノ、カルボキシル、水素又はそれらのアルキル誘導体から選ばれたものであり、アルキルは5個までの炭素原子から成る短い鎖であり、及び/又は下記3個の式の1つのジカルボキシル酸であり、
    Figure 0003780323
    この場合、R1′は−COOH、アルキル、ヒドロキシ、ニトロ、アミノ、水素又はそれらのアルキル誘導体であり、R2′は−COOHであり、nはR1′が−COOHである場合には端を含んだ1から4までの整数であり、R1′が−COOHでない場合には端を含んだ2から4までの整数であるようなジカルボキシル酸と、
    e) 35重量%の量まで任意に硫化されている少なくとも1種の直鎖及び/又は分岐鎖状の飽和又は不飽和のモノカルボキシル酸及び/又はそのような酸のエステルと、
    f) 式
    Figure 0003780323
    で表される少なくとも1種のトリアゾールで、この場合R1″は−COOH、又はそのアルキル誘導体、又は5個までの炭素原子を含んだ短い鎖のアルキル基であり、nは零又は端を含んだ1と3との間の整数であり、R2″は水素、モルフィリノ、アルキル、アミド、アミノ、ヒドロキシ、又はそれらのアルキル若しくはアリール置換誘導体であり、又は1、2、4−トリアゾール、1、2、3−トリアゾール、5−アニロ−1、2、3−4−チアトリアゾール、3−アミノ−1、2、4−トリアゾール、1−H−ベンゾトリアゾール−1−イル−メチルイソシアナイド、メチレン−ビス−ベンゾトリアゾール、及びナフトトリアゾールから選ばれたトリアゾールであり、及び
    g) アミンホスフェートとホスホロチオネートとの混合物を含んだ極圧添加剤とからなり、
    h) 成分c)の中性の有機燐酸エステルは組成物中に1.5から2.5重量%含まれていることを特徴とするヘリコプター伝装置用潤滑剤組成物。
  2. 基材成分の少なくとも1種の基材原料がポリオールエステルであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  3. ポリオールエステル基材原料が、1種又は2種以上のC5からC12のモノカルボキシル酸を、1種又は2種以上のポリオール又はポリオールエステルでエステル化したものからなることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  4. 基材成分が100℃で8.75から9.25cStの範囲内にある粘度を持つことを特徴とする、請求項1−3の何れか1つに記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  5. 酸化防止剤がヒンダードフェノール系の酸化防止剤からなり、組成物の0.4から0.8重量%存在していることを特徴とする、請求項1−4の何れか1つに記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  6. 酸化防止剤が芳香族アミン系の酸化防止剤からなり、組成物の0.5から1.5重量%存在していることを特徴とする、請求項1−5の何れか1つに記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  7. 飽和及び/又は不飽和のジカルボキシル酸成分(d)が組成物の0.15重量%までの量存在していることを特徴とする、請求項1−6の何れか1つに記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  8. 飽和及び/又は不飽和のジカルボキシル酸成分(d)が、セバシン酸からなることを特徴とする、請求項1−7の何れか1つに記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  9. モノカルボキシル酸成分(e)が、組成物の0.001から0.35重量%の量存在していることを特徴とする、請求項1−8の何れか1つに記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  10. モノカルボキシル酸成分(e)が、硫化されたオレイン酸からなることを特徴とする、請求項1−9の何れか1つに記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  11. トリアゾール成分(f)が組成物の0.005から0.25重量%の量存在していることを特徴とする、請求項1−10の何れか1つに記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  12. トリアゾール成分(f)がベンゾトリアゾールから成ることを特徴とする、請求項1−11の何れか1つに記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  13. 極圧添加剤成分(g)がアミンホスフェート系の極圧添加剤から成り、組成物の0.2から0.6重量%の量存在していることを特徴とする、請求項1−12の何れか1つに記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  14. 極圧添加剤成分(g)がホスホロチオネート系の極圧添加剤から成り、組成物の0.5から1.5重量%存在していることを特徴とする、請求項1−13の何れか1つに記載の潤滑剤組成物。
  15. 米国海軍規格の100℃で行われるライダーギヤテストで、200(Herco A油を標準液体として%で示した相対値)の値を満たすように、成分(b)から(g)までの成分が存在していることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のヘリコプター伝装置用潤滑剤。
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