CN104303819B - A kind of method of utilizing fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus - Google Patents
A kind of method of utilizing fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of fresh vinegar grain for primary raw material cultivation Hericium erinaceus of utilizing, be characterized in dry biomass umber according to fresh vinegar grain: wheat bran: sucrose=70～90%: 9～29%: 1% carries out proportioning, it is 60～65% that water is adjusted planting material culture medium moisture content; Then pack in the culture bottle of high temperature high voltage resistant, charging is apart from till bottleneck 1～2cm, covers bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, rubber band tying, and clear water is by body wash clean; In 121 DEG C of temperature, pressure 0.12Mpa sterilizing 2～3h, cooling; By the inoculation of standard sterile method of operating, postvaccinal culture bottle is put in to the dark culturing chamber ventilated of disinfection and cultivates, make mycelial growth in 25 DEG C of temperature, humidity 70～80%; After mycelia is covered with bottle, open polypropylene bag, blake bottle is put in growth cabinet and carries out management of producing mushroom, 18～20 DEG C of set temperatures, humidity 85～90%, daytime, 12h was that astigmatism is shone 300Lx, night, 12h illuminance was 0Lx; When fructification is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium thorn gathers during at 0.5～1.0cm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus, belong to edible medicinal fungus production field.
Background technology
Hericium erinaceus (Hericiumerinaceus) is the fructification of hedgehog fungus section fungi Hericium erinaceus, and shape is as large in fist, and fresh person's look white,The corn sagging as that send out of growing when ripe, shape is like the head of monkey, therefore named hedgehog hydnum, have another name called monkey mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, hedgehog hydnum mushroom,Numerous bacterium, sting numerous bacterium. Hericium erinaceus is a kind of edible mushroom of dietotherapeutic of preciousness, and delicious flavour, with bear's paw, bird's nest, mushroomEqually celebrated for their achievements is " four large mountains delicacy ". Modern medicine study shows, the nutritive value of Hericium erinaceus is very high, in every 100g containing protein26.3g, fatty 4.2g, carbohydrate 44.9g, crude fibre 6.4g, moisture 10.2g, phosphorus 856mg, calcium 2mg, iron18mg, thiamine 0.69mg, riboflavin 1.89mg, carrotene 0.01mg, lysine 17.5mg, glutamic acid 42.2mg,Tryptophan 40.4mg, histidine 6.5mg, proline 9.5mg, threonine 10.7mg, glycine 12.1mg, arginine9.0mg, alanine 23.2mg, aspartic acid 21.5mg, tyrosine 12.2mg, serine 26.0mg, phenylalanine 14.5mg.(Wang Wei, the alimentary health-care function of Hericium erinaceus and the application in food industry thereof, " food and pharmaceutical ", 2006 the 8thRoll up the 04A phase, p24-26). The medical value of Hericium erinaceus is also very high, can treat indigestion, gastric ulcer, antral gastritis,The diseases such as stomachache, gasteremphraxis and neurasthenia. Therefore, Hericium erinaceus be that a class is organic, the green food of nutrition, health careProduct, are again a kind of traditional Chinese medicines, its rational exploitation and utilization have been become to the focus of attention of Chinese scholars.
Traditional Hericium erinaceus production method is that to utilize cotton seed hulls and corncob be major ingredient, added wood chip, corn flour, cottonseed cake,Wheat bran and rice bran are that auxiliary material is cultivated, and because cotton seed hulls and corncob price rise every year, hericium erinaceus plantation cost is high,The benefit of mushroom agriculture reduces gradually, and the cultivation of Hericium erinaceus has been abandoned in the agriculture of part mushroom, has had a strong impact on the development of Hericium erinaceus industry.
Vinegar grain is to produce the solid-state part obtaining after vinegar taking starchy material as major ingredient, and wherein crude protein content 6～10% is thickFat 2～5%, crude fibre 15.1%, NFE is 20%～30%, and cinder is divided into 13%～17%, and calcium content is0.25%～0.45%, phosphorus content is 0.16%～0.37%, therefore have very large nutritive value. China's vinegar annual production at present approximately2500000 tons, the vinegar grain of generation is about 2,000,000 tons. Vinegar grain is taken as refuse and abandons, and piles up mouldyly, has not only polluted environment,Waste again resource, more seriously affected the sound development of brewing industry.
Hericium erinaceus is domestomycetes, and the ability of decomposition of cellulose, lignin is quite strong, in growth and development process, can utilize cellulose,Lignin, organic acid, starch etc. are as carbon nutrition, by the organic matter such as decomposing protein, amino acid as nitrogen nutrition.(Tang Yuqin, Li Changtian, Zhao Yitao, " Edible Fungi technology ", Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2008, p174-178).Hericium erinaceus belongs to the acid mushroom of happiness, in the scope that vegetative stage is 2.5～5.5 at pH, all can grow, and the pH value of fresh vinegar grainBe 3～4, without adjusting pH value, the carbon-nitrogen ratio that only needs a certain amount of wheat bran of interpolation and a small amount of sucrose to cultivate with adjustment, justBe suitable for Hericium erinaceus culture.
Therefore, the feature by organic matters such as Hericium erinaceus decomposing protein, amino acid as nitrogen nutrition, makes full use of again vinegarThis abundant cellulose of grain discarded object, lignin and protein resource, the pollution problem that has not only solved discarded object, also becomesGive up as treasured. The two can be used in conjunction with research and development the method that Hericium erinaceus produces, and meaning will be very great. So far there are no withThe relevant report of fresh vinegar grain, wheat bran and sugar industry Hericium erinaceus.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is provides a kind of method of utilizing fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus, its feature for prior art deficiencyBe that fresh vinegar grain is added to a certain amount of wheat bran and a small amount of sucrose to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of cultivation, be just suitable for Hericium erinaceus culture.It has advantages of that raw material sources are wide, cost is cheap, technique is simple, easy to operate, with short production cycle, productive value is high.
Object of the present invention is realized by following technical measures, and wherein said raw material umber, except specified otherwise, is parts by weight.
Utilize the method for fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus to comprise the following steps:
(1) by dry biomass umber according to fresh vinegar grain: wheat bran: sucrose=70～90%: 9～29%: 1% prepares burden,Then adjusting planting material culture medium water content with running water is 60～65%;
(2) by even above-mentioned planting material spice, pack in the culture bottle of high temperature high voltage resistant, charging apart from bottleneck 1～2cm place isOnly, cover bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, rubber band tying, running water is rinsed body well;
(3) by above-mentioned clean culture bottle in 121 DEG C of temperature, pressure 0.12Mpa sterilizing 2～3h, cooling;
(4) by the inoculation of standard sterile method of operating, in the mycelium of 1 spoonful of Hericium erinaceus test tube slant of bottle mouth position inoculation, inoculationAfter the culture bottle dark culturing chamber ventilated that is put in disinfection cultivate, in 22～30 DEG C of temperature, humidity 70～80%, make bacteriumSilk growth;
(5) after mycelia is covered with bottle, in the time that bottleneck mycelia surface has the ecru globule to occur, open polypropylene bag, will trainFoster bottle is put in growth cabinet and carries out management of producing mushroom, and it is 18～20 DEG C that growth cabinet temperature is set, and humidity 85～90% is whiteIt 12h is that astigmatism is shone 300Lx, and night, 12h illuminance was 0Lx;
(6) when fructification is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium thorn gathers during at 0.5～1.0cm; After gathering, by what stay in base portionWhite mycoderma shape thing is chosen, and surface flattens, and continues, by above-mentioned management, to form down batch fructification every 10～14d.
Bacterium chaff after Hericium erinaceus is gathered replaces wheat bran and husk for making vinegar raw material, realized wine vinegar-cultivation Hericium erinaceus-wine vinegarRecycle.
Performance test
The physical and chemical index of the product that the present invention obtains and sanitary index all by national standard detection method detect, its physical and chemical index andSanitary index all meets national Its Relevant Technology Standards, and meets the following requirements:
Organoleptic indicator is as shown in Table 1 below, and physical and chemical index is as shown in Table 2 below, and sanitary index is as shown in Table 3 below.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention utilizes the method for fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus, compared with the cultural method of existing Hericium erinaceus, and Hou ZheliWith cotton seed hulls and corncob be major ingredient, having added wood chip, corn flour, cottonseed cake, wheat bran and rice bran is that auxiliary material is cultivated,Planting cost is high; And the present invention only utilizes fresh vinegar grain, wheat bran and sucrose, also have that raw material is inexpensive, a simple and operation side of techniqueJust advantage.
(2) the cultivation cycle short, confirm by experiment, four batches of same fruitings, cultivation cycle of the present invention and traditional mode of production are joinedSide's (cotton seed hulls 90%, wheat bran 10%) compares, and 13～22d saves time.
(3) in cultivation when same period, the biological efficiency of fruiting (the siccative weight of biological efficiency=fruiting fresh weight/cultivation ×100%) greatly improve, biological efficiency is 32.53%～57.72%, higher than traditional mode of production formula (cotton seed hulls 90%, wheat bran10%) 25.62%.
(4) realized recycling of wine vinegar-cultivation Hericium erinaceus-wine vinegar. Wheat bran itself is exactly the raw material of making vinegar, again simultaneouslyDo not add the composition of any nonfood grade, after above-mentioned cultivation Hericium erinaceus, the bacterium chaff producing, contain more functional component asPolysaccharide, makes recycling of vinegar raw material therefore can be used as next step.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment, the present invention is specifically described, is necessary to be pointed out that at this present embodiment is only for to thisInvention is further described, and can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, and the person skilled in the art in this field canMake some nonessential improvement and adjustment according to the content of invention.
Embodiment 1:
(1) by the mass fraction of dry according to fresh vinegar grain: wheat bran: sucrose=70%: carry out proportioning at 29%: 1%, thenWith running water adjustment planting material culture medium water content to 60%;
(2) raw material above-mentioned planting material being packed into after spice is feeded to the edible fungus culturing vial of 700mL, charging distanceTill bottleneck 1cm place, cover bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, rubber band tying, running water is rinsed body well;
(3) by above-mentioned culture bottle at 121 DEG C of high temperature and 0.12MPa autoclaving 2h, cooling;
(4), by the inoculation of standard sterile method of operating, at the mycelium of 1 spoonful of Hericium erinaceus test tube slant of bottle mouth position inoculation, will connectBlake bottle after kind is put in the dark culturing chamber ventilated of disinfection and cultivates, and temperature keeps 22 DEG C, humidity maintenance 70%;
(5) after mycelia is covered with bottle, in the time that bottleneck mycelia surface has the ecru globule to occur, open polypropylene plastic sheeting,Blake bottle is put in growth cabinet and carries out management of producing mushroom, and it is 18 DEG C that growth cabinet temperature is set, humidity 85%, daytime12h is that astigmatism is shone 300Lx, and evening, 12h illuminance was 0Lx;
(6) when fructification is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium thorn gathers during at 0.5cm. After gathering, by the white of staying in base portionMycoderma shape thing is chosen, and surface flattens, and continues, by above-mentioned management, to form down batch fructification every 10d.
(7) through the cultivation of 86 days, obtaining Hericium erinaceus accumulative total fruiting stubble number is 7 batches, and biology transformation efficiency is 57.72%.
Embodiment 2:
(1) by the mass fraction of dry according to fresh vinegar grain: wheat bran: sucrose=80%: carry out proportioning at 19%: 1%, thenWith running water adjustment planting material culture medium water content to 62%;
(2) raw material above-mentioned planting material being packed into after spice is feeded to the edible fungus culturing vial of 700mL, charging distanceTill bottleneck 1.5cm place, cover bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, rubber band tying, running water is rinsed body well;
(3) by above-mentioned culture bottle at 121 DEG C of high temperature and 0.12MPa autoclaving 2.5h, cooling;
(4), by the inoculation of standard sterile method of operating, at the mycelium of 1 spoonful of Hericium erinaceus test tube slant of bottle mouth position inoculation, will connectBlake bottle after kind is put in the dark culturing chamber ventilated of disinfection and cultivates, and temperature keeps 25 DEG C, humidity maintenance 75%;
(5) after mycelia is covered with bottle, in the time that bottleneck mycelia surface has the ecru globule to occur, open polypropylene plastic sheeting,Blake bottle is put in growth cabinet and carries out management of producing mushroom, and it is 19 DEG C that growth cabinet temperature is set, humidity 90%, daytime12h is that astigmatism is shone 300Lx, and evening, 12h illuminance was 0Lx;
(6) when fructification is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium thorn gathers during at 0.8cm. After gathering, by the white of staying in base portionMycoderma shape thing is chosen, and surface flattens, and continues, by above-mentioned management, to form down batch fructification every 12d.
(7) through the cultivation of 86 days, said method cultivation Hericium erinaceus accumulative total fruiting stubble number was 6 batches, biology transformation efficiencyBe 45.44%.
Embodiment 3:
(1) by the mass fraction of dry according to fresh vinegar grain: wheat bran: sucrose=90%: carry out proportioning at 9%: 1%, thenWith running water adjustment planting material culture medium water content to 65%;
(2) raw material above-mentioned planting material being packed into after spice is feeded to the edible fungus culturing vial of 700mL, charging distanceTill bottleneck 2cm place, cover bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, rubber band tying, running water is rinsed body well;
(3) by above-mentioned culture bottle at 121 DEG C of high temperature and 0.12MPa autoclaving 3h, cooling;
(4), by the inoculation of standard sterile method of operating, at the mycelium of 1 spoonful of Hericium erinaceus test tube slant of bottle mouth position inoculation, will connectBlake bottle after kind is put in the dark culturing chamber ventilated of disinfection and cultivates, and temperature keeps 30 DEG C, humidity maintenance 80%;
(5) after mycelia is covered with bottle, in the time that bottleneck mycelia surface has the ecru globule to occur, open polypropylene plastic sheeting,Blake bottle is put in growth cabinet and carries out management of producing mushroom, and it is 20 DEG C that growth cabinet temperature is set, humidity 90%, daytime12h is that astigmatism is shone 300Lx, and evening, 12h illuminance was 0Lx;
(6) when fructification is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium thorn gathers during at 1.0cm. After gathering, by the white of staying in base portionMycoderma shape thing is chosen, and surface flattens, and continues, by above-mentioned management, to form down batch fructification every 14d.
(7) through the cultivation of 86 days, said method cultivation Hericium erinaceus accumulative total fruiting stubble number was 6 batches, biology transformation efficiencyBe 32.53%.
Comparative example 1: select conventional formulation (cotton seed hulls 90%, wheat bran 10%) cultivation Hericium erinaceus, do with above-mentioned 3 examplesContrast.
(1) by the mass fraction of dry according to cotton seed hulls: wheat bran=90%: 10% carries out proportioning, then adjusts with running waterWhole planting material culture medium water content to 60%;
(2) raw material above-mentioned planting material being packed into after spice is feeded to the edible fungus culturing vial of 700mL, charging distanceTill bottleneck 1cm place, cover bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, use rubber band tying, body is rinsed well with running water;
(3) by above-mentioned culture bottle at 121 DEG C of high temperature and 0.12MPa autoclaving 2h, cooling;
(4), by the inoculation of standard sterile method of operating, at the mycelium of 1 spoonful of Hericium erinaceus test tube slant of bottle mouth position inoculation, will connectBlake bottle after kind is put in the dark culturing chamber ventilated of disinfection and cultivates, and temperature keeps 22 DEG C, humidity maintenance 70%;
(5) after mycelia is covered with bottle, in the time that bottleneck mycelia surface has the ecru globule to occur, open polypropylene plastic sheeting,Blake bottle is put in growth cabinet and carries out management of producing mushroom, and it is 18 DEG C that growth cabinet temperature is set, humidity 85%, daytime12h is that astigmatism is shone 300Lx, and evening, 12h illuminance was 0Lx;
(6) when fructification is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium thorn gathers during at 0.5cm. After gathering, by the white of staying in base portionMycoderma shape thing is chosen, and surface flattens, and continues, by above-mentioned management, to form down batch fructification every 21～22d.
(7) through the cultivation of 86 days, said method cultivation Hericium erinaceus accumulative total fruiting stubble number was 4 batches, biology transformation efficiencyBe 25.62%.
Comparison example: cultivate according to the method described above Hericium erinaceus, it is the results detailed in Table 4.
The fresh mushroom organoleptic indicator of table 1
| Project | Index |
| Color and luster | Pure white |
| Shape | Mushroom type is complete |
| Size (mushroom shape diameter) | ≥3.5cm |
| Bacterium thorn | 0.5～1.0cm |
| Smell | There is the intrinsic fragrant of Hericium erinaceus, free from extraneous odour |
| Do not allow tramp material | Living worm body, animal hair and other foreign material |
The physical and chemical index unit of table 2 Hericium erinaceus: g/100g dry-eye disease
| Project | Index | The method of inspection |
| Thick protein >= | 10 | The method specifying by GB/T15673 is measured |
| Crude fibre≤ | 6 | The method specifying by GB/T5009.10 is measured |
| Ash≤ | 7 | The method specifying by GB/T12532 is measured |
| Water content≤ | 12 | The method specifying by GB/T12531 is measured |
Table 3 sanitary index unit: mg/kg dry-eye disease
The each embodiment of table 4 and comparative example cultivation result
Claims (2)
1. a method of utilizing fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) by dry biomass umber according to fresh vinegar grain: wheat bran: sucrose=70～90%: 9～29%: 1% prepares burden,Then adjusting planting material culture medium water content with running water is 60～65%;
(2) by even above-mentioned planting material spice, pack in the culture bottle of high temperature high voltage resistant, charging apart from bottleneck 1～2cm place isOnly, cover bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, rubber band tying, running water is rinsed body well;
(3) by above-mentioned clean culture bottle in 121 DEG C of temperature, pressure 0.12Mpa sterilizing 2～3h, cooling;
(4) by the inoculation of standard sterile method of operating, in the mycelium of 1 spoonful of Hericium erinaceus test tube slant of bottle mouth position inoculation, inoculationAfter the culture bottle dark culturing chamber ventilated that is put in disinfection cultivate, in 22～30 DEG C of temperature, humidity 70～80%, make bacteriumSilk growth;
(5) after mycelia is covered with bottle, in the time that bottleneck mycelia surface has the ecru globule to occur, open polypropylene bag, will trainFoster bottle is put in growth cabinet and carries out management of producing mushroom, and it is 18～20 DEG C that growth cabinet temperature is set, and humidity 85～90% is whiteIt 12h is that astigmatism is shone 300Lx, and night, 12h illuminance was 0Lx;
(6) when fructification is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium thorn gathers during at 0.5～1.0cm; After gathering, by what stay in base portionWhite mycoderma shape thing is chosen, and surface flattens, and continues, by above-mentioned labor management, to form down batch fructification every 10～14d.
2. utilize according to claim 1 the method for fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus, it is characterized in that Hericium erinaceus is after gatheringBacterium chaff is used for making vinegar raw material and replaces wheat bran and husk, has realized recycling of wine vinegar-cultivation Hericium erinaceus-wine vinegar.
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| CN108260713A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-07-10 | 山西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | The method that germ bran biological fermented feed is made using vinegar grain |
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