CN104303819A - Method for cultivating hericium erinaceus with fresh vinegar residues - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating hericium erinaceus with fresh vinegar residues. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: proportioning fresh vinegar residues, bran and sucrose according to the mass percentage ratio of (70-90 percent): (9-29 percent):1 percent and adjusting the moisture of a culture medium of a cultivation material to be 60-65 percent with water; then filling in a high temperature and high pressure-resistant cultivation bottle till the material is 1-2 cm away from a bottle opening, covering the bottle opening by using a polypropylene bag, tying with a rubber band and cleaning a bottle body with clear water; sterilizing for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 121 DEG C and under the pressure of 0.12 MPa and cooling; inoculating according to a standard aseptic operation method, putting the inoculated cultivation bottle in a disinfected and sterilized dark cultivation room to ventilate and cultivate and growing mycelia at a temperature of 25 DEG C and under the humidity of 70-80 percent; after the bottle is full of the mycelia, opening the polypropylene bag, putting the cultivation bottle into an artificial climate box to carry out hericium erinaceus management, setting the temperature to be 18-20 DEG C and the humidity to be 85-95 percent and ensuring that the diffused light illumination is 300 Lx for 12 hours in the daytime, and the illumination intensity is 0 Lx for 12 hours in the nighttime; harvesting when a fruit body is solid, spores do not fall off, and bacteria thorns are 0.5-1.0 cm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method utilizing fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus, belong to edible medicinal fungus production field.
Background technology
Hericium erinaceus (Hericium erinaceus) is the fruit body of hedgehog fungus section fungi Hericium erinaceus, and shape is as large in fist, and fresh person's look white, the sagging corn as sent out is grown time ripe, shape is like the head of monkey, and therefore named hedgehog hydnum, has another name called monkey mushroom, Hericium erinaceus, hedgehog hydnum mushroom, numerous bacterium, stings numerous bacterium.Hericium erinaceus is a kind of edible mushroom of dietotherapeutic of preciousness, delicious flavour, and with bear's paw, bird's nest, mushroom is equally celebrated for their achievements is " four large mountains delicacy ".Modern medicine study shows, the nutritive value of Hericium erinaceus is very high, containing protein 26.3g in every 100g, fat 4.2g, carbohydrate 44.9g, raw fiber 6.4g, moisture 10.2g, phosphorus 856mg, calcium 2mg, iron 18mg, thiamine 0.69mg, vitamin b3 1.89mg, carotin 0.01mg, lysine 17.5mg, glutamic acid 42.2mg, tryptophan 40.4mg, histidine 6.5mg, proline 9.5mg, threonine 10.7mg, glycine 12.1mg, arginine 9.0mg, alanine 23.2mg, aspartic acid 21.5mg, tyrosine 12.2mg, serine 26.0mg, phenyl alanine 14.5mg.(Wang Wei, the alimentary health-care function of Hericium erinaceus and application in the food industry thereof, " food and pharmaceutical ", the 8th volume 04A phase in 2006, p24-26).The medical value of Hericium erinaceus is also very high, can treat the diseases such as indigestion, stomach ulcer, antral gastritis, stomachache, gasteremphraxis and neurasthenia.Therefore, Hericium erinaceus is that a class is organic, nutrition, health care pollution-free food, be again a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, its rational exploitation and utilization become to the focus of attention of Chinese scholars.
Traditional Hericium erinaceus production method utilizes cotton seed hulls and corncob to be major ingredient, with the addition of wood chip, corn flour, cottonseed cake, wheat bran and rice bran is that auxiliary material is cultivated, because cotton seed hulls and corncob price rise every year, hericium erinaceus plantation cost is high, the benefit of mushroom agriculture reduces gradually, the cultivation of Hericium erinaceus has been abandoned in the agriculture of part mushroom, has had a strong impact on the development of Hericium erinaceus industry.
Vinegar grain take starchy material as the solid portion obtained after vinegar produced by major ingredient, wherein crude protein content 6 ~ 10%, crude fat 2 ~ 5%, raw fiber 15.1%, nitrogen free extract is 20% ~ 30%, and cinder is divided into 13% ~ 17%, and calcium content is 0.25% ~ 0.45%, phosphorus content is 0.16% ~ 0.37%, therefore has very large nutritive value.Current China vinegar annual production about 2,500,000 tons, the vinegar grain of generation is about 2,000,000 tons.Vinegar grain is taken as refuse and abandons, and piles up mouldy, not only pollutes environment, waste resource again, more seriously have impact on the sound development of brewing industry.
Hericium erinaceus is wood decay fungi, and the ability of decomposition of cellulose, lignin is quite strong, cellulose, lignin, organic acid, starch etc. can be utilized as carbon nutrition, by the organic matter such as decomposing protein, amino acid as nitrogen nutrition in growth and development process.(Tang Yuqin, Li Changtian, Zhao Yitao, " Edible Fungi technology ", Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2008, p174-178).Hericium erinaceus belongs to the acid mushroom of happiness, vegetative stage is all can grow in the scope of 2.5 ~ 5.5 at pH, and the pH value of fresh vinegar grain is 3 ~ 4, without the need to adjust ph, only need add a certain amount of wheat bran and a small amount of sucrose adjust the C/N ratio of cultivating, just be suitable for Hericium erinaceus culture.
Therefore, by the feature of the organic matters such as Hericium erinaceus decomposing protein, amino acid as nitrogen nutrition, make full use of again vinegar grain discarded object this abundant cellulose, lignin and protein resource, not only solve the pollution problem of discarded object, also turn waste into wealth.The two combines the method that research and development can be used in Hericium erinaceus production, and meaning will be very great.So far there are no with the relevant report of fresh vinegar grain, wheat bran and sugar industry Hericium erinaceus.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is not enough for prior art and a kind of method utilizing fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus is provided, being characterized in fresh vinegar grain to add a certain amount of wheat bran and a small amount of sucrose adjust the C/N ratio of cultivating, being just suitable for Hericium erinaceus culture.It has the advantage that raw material sources are wide, inexpensive, technique are simple, easy to operate, with short production cycle, productive value is high.
Object of the present invention is realized by following technical measures, and wherein said raw material number, except specified otherwise, is parts by weight.
The method of fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus is utilized to comprise the following steps:
(1) dry biomass number is poor according to fresh vinegar: wheat bran: sucrose=70 ~ 90%: prepare burden at 9 ~ 29%: 1%, then adjusting planting material medium water content with running water is 60 ~ 65%;
(2) by even for above-mentioned planting material spice, load in the culture bottle of high temperature high voltage resistant, till charging distance bottleneck 1 ~ 2cm place, cover bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, rubber band tying, body is rinsed well by running water;
(3) by above-mentioned clean culture bottle in temperature 121 DEG C, pressure 0.12Mpa sterilizing 2 ~ 3h, cooling;
(4) inoculate by standard sterile method of operating, the mycelium of 1 spoonful of Hericium erinaceus test tube slant is inoculated at bottle mouth position, the dark culturing chamber ventilated that postvaccinal culture bottle is put in disinfection is cultivated, and in temperature 22 ~ 30 DEG C, humidity 70 ~ 80%, makes mycelial growth;
(5) cover with after bottle until mycelia, when bottleneck hyphal surface has the ecru globule to occur, open polypropylene bag, blake bottle is put in climatic cabinate and carries out management of producing mushroom, arranging climatic cabinate temperature is 18 ~ 20 DEG C, humidity 85 ~ 90%, daytime, 12h was that astigmatism shines 300Lx, and night, 12h illuminance was 0Lx;
(6) gather when fruit body is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium is stung at 0.5 ~ 1.0cm; After gathering, picked by the white mycoderma shape thing stayed in base portion, surface flattens, and continues, by above-mentioned management, to form down batch fruit body every 10 ~ 14d.
Hericium erinaceus gather after bacterium chaff replace wheat bran and husk for making vinegar raw material, achieve recycling of wine vinegar-cultivation Hericium erinaceus-wine vinegar.
Performance test
The physical and chemical index of the product that the present invention obtains and sanitary index all detect by national standard detection method, and its physical and chemical index and sanitary index all meet national Its Relevant Technology Standards, and meet the following requirements:
Organoleptic indicator is as shown in Table 1 below, and physical and chemical index is as shown in Table 2 below, and sanitary index is as shown in Table 3 below.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention utilizes the method for fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus, compared with the cultivation method of existing Hericium erinaceus, the latter utilizes cotton seed hulls and corncob to be major ingredient, and with the addition of wood chip, corn flour, cottonseed cake, wheat bran and rice bran is that auxiliary material is cultivated, and planting cost is high; And the present invention only utilizes fresh vinegar grain, wheat bran and sucrose, also there is the advantage that raw material is inexpensive, technique is simple and easy to operate.
(2) cultivation period is short, confirms by experiment, same fruiting four batches, and cultivation period of the present invention and traditional mode of production formula (cotton seed hulls 90%, wheat bran 10%) are compared, and save time 13 ~ 22d.
(3) when cultivating same period, the biological efficiency (siccative heavy × 100% of biological efficiency=fruiting fresh weight/cultivation) of fruiting improves greatly, biological efficiency is 32.53% ~ 57.72%, higher than 25.62% of traditional mode of production formula (cotton seed hulls 90%, wheat bran 10%).
(4) recycling of wine vinegar-cultivation Hericium erinaceus-wine vinegar is achieved.Wheat bran inherently makes the raw material of vinegar, does not add again the composition of any nonfood grade simultaneously, and after above-mentioned cultivation Hericium erinaceus, the bacterium chaff produced, containing more functional component as polysaccharide, therefore can be used as recycling of next step wine vinegar raw material.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is specifically described; what be necessary to herein means out is that the present embodiment is only used to further illustrate the present invention; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the person skilled in the art in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment according to the content of invention.
Embodiment 1:
(1) mass fraction of dry matter is poor according to fresh vinegar: wheat bran: sucrose=70%: carry out proportioning at 29%: 1%, then with running water adjustment planting material medium water content to 60%;
(2) above-mentioned planting material is loaded the raw material charging after spice in the edible fungus culturing vial of 700mL, till charging distance bottleneck 1cm place, cover bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, rubber band tying, body is rinsed well by running water;
(3) by above-mentioned culture bottle at 121 DEG C of high temperature and 0.12MPa autoclaving 2h, cooling;
(4) by the inoculation of standard sterile method of operating, inoculate the mycelium of 1 spoonful of Hericium erinaceus test tube slant at bottle mouth position, the dark culturing chamber ventilated postvaccinal blake bottle being put in disinfection is cultivated, and temperature keeps 22 DEG C, humidity maintenance 70%;
(5) cover with after bottle until mycelia, when bottleneck hyphal surface has the ecru globule to occur, open polypropylene plastic film, blake bottle is put in climatic cabinate and carries out management of producing mushroom, arranging climatic cabinate temperature is 18 DEG C, humidity 85%, daytime, 12h was that astigmatism shines 300Lx, and evening, 12h illuminance was 0Lx;
(6) gather when fruit body is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium is stung at 0.5cm.After gathering, picked by the white mycoderma shape thing stayed in base portion, surface flattens, and continues, by above-mentioned management, to form down batch fruit body every 10d.
(7) through the cultivation of 86 days, obtaining Hericium erinaceus, to add up fruiting stubble number be 7 batches, and biological conversion efficiency is 57.72%.
Embodiment 2:
(1) mass fraction of dry matter is poor according to fresh vinegar: wheat bran: sucrose=80%: carry out proportioning at 19%: 1%, then with running water adjustment planting material medium water content to 62%;
(2) above-mentioned planting material is loaded the raw material charging after spice in the edible fungus culturing vial of 700mL, till charging distance bottleneck 1.5cm place, cover bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, rubber band tying, body is rinsed well by running water;
(3) by above-mentioned culture bottle at 121 DEG C of high temperature and 0.12MPa autoclaving 2.5h, cooling;
(4) by the inoculation of standard sterile method of operating, inoculate the mycelium of 1 spoonful of Hericium erinaceus test tube slant at bottle mouth position, the dark culturing chamber ventilated postvaccinal blake bottle being put in disinfection is cultivated, and temperature keeps 25 DEG C, humidity maintenance 75%;
(5) cover with after bottle until mycelia, when bottleneck hyphal surface has the ecru globule to occur, open polypropylene plastic film, blake bottle is put in climatic cabinate and carries out management of producing mushroom, arranging climatic cabinate temperature is 19 DEG C, humidity 90%, daytime, 12h was that astigmatism shines 300Lx, and evening, 12h illuminance was 0Lx;
(6) gather when fruit body is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium is stung at 0.8cm.After gathering, picked by the white mycoderma shape thing stayed in base portion, surface flattens, and continues, by above-mentioned management, to form down batch fruit body every 12d.
(7) through the cultivation of 86 days, it is 6 batches that said method cultivation Hericium erinaceus adds up fruiting stubble number, and biological conversion efficiency is 45.44%.
Embodiment 3:
(1) mass fraction of dry matter is poor according to fresh vinegar: wheat bran: sucrose=90%: carry out proportioning at 9%: 1%, then with running water adjustment planting material medium water content to 65%;
(2) above-mentioned planting material is loaded the raw material charging after spice in the edible fungus culturing vial of 700mL, till charging distance bottleneck 2cm place, cover bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, rubber band tying, body is rinsed well by running water;
(3) by above-mentioned culture bottle at 121 DEG C of high temperature and 0.12MPa autoclaving 3h, cooling;
(4) by the inoculation of standard sterile method of operating, inoculate the mycelium of 1 spoonful of Hericium erinaceus test tube slant at bottle mouth position, the dark culturing chamber ventilated postvaccinal blake bottle being put in disinfection is cultivated, and temperature keeps 30 DEG C, humidity maintenance 80%;
(5) cover with after bottle until mycelia, when bottleneck hyphal surface has the ecru globule to occur, open polypropylene plastic film, blake bottle is put in climatic cabinate and carries out management of producing mushroom, arranging climatic cabinate temperature is 20 DEG C, humidity 90%, daytime, 12h was that astigmatism shines 300Lx, and evening, 12h illuminance was 0Lx;
(6) gather when fruit body is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium is stung at 1.0cm.After gathering, picked by the white mycoderma shape thing stayed in base portion, surface flattens, and continues, by above-mentioned management, to form down batch fruit body every 14d.
(7) through the cultivation of 86 days, it is 6 batches that said method cultivation Hericium erinaceus adds up fruiting stubble number, and biological conversion efficiency is 32.53%.
Comparative example 1: select conventional formulation (cotton seed hulls 90%, wheat bran 10%) cultivation Hericium erinaceus, compare with above-mentioned 3 examples.
(1) by the mass fraction of dry matter according to cotton seed hulls: wheat bran=90%: 10% carries out proportioning, then with running water adjustment planting material medium water content to 60%;
(2) above-mentioned planting material is loaded the raw material charging after spice in the edible fungus culturing vial of 700mL, till charging distance bottleneck 1cm place, cover bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, use rubber band tying, with running water, body is rinsed well;
(3) by above-mentioned culture bottle at 121 DEG C of high temperature and 0.12MPa autoclaving 2h, cooling;
(4) by the inoculation of standard sterile method of operating, inoculate the mycelium of 1 spoonful of Hericium erinaceus test tube slant at bottle mouth position, the dark culturing chamber ventilated postvaccinal blake bottle being put in disinfection is cultivated, and temperature keeps 22 DEG C, humidity maintenance 70%;
(5) cover with after bottle until mycelia, when bottleneck hyphal surface has the ecru globule to occur, open polypropylene plastic film, blake bottle is put in climatic cabinate and carries out management of producing mushroom, arranging climatic cabinate temperature is 18 DEG C, humidity 85%, daytime, 12h was that astigmatism shines 300Lx, and evening, 12h illuminance was 0Lx;
(6) gather when fruit body is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium is stung at 0.5cm.After gathering, picked by the white mycoderma shape thing stayed in base portion, surface flattens, and continues, by above-mentioned management, to form down batch fruit body every 21 ~ 22d.
(7) through the cultivation of 86 days, it is 4 batches that said method cultivation Hericium erinaceus adds up fruiting stubble number, and biological conversion efficiency is 25.62%.
Comparison example: carry out cultivation Hericium erinaceus according to the method described above, it is the results detailed in Table 4.
The fresh mushroom organoleptic indicator of table 1
| Project | Index |
| Color and luster | Pure white |
| Shape | Mushroom type is complete |
| Size (mushroom shape diameter) | ≥3.5cm |
| Bacterium is stung | 0.5～1.0cm |
| Smell | There is the fragrant that Hericium erinaceus is intrinsic, free from extraneous odour |
| Do not allow tramp material | Living worm body, animal hair and other foreign material |
The physical and chemical index unit of table 2 Hericium erinaceus: g/100g dry-eye disease
| Project | Index | The method of inspection |
| Thick protein >= | 10 | The method specified by GB/T15673 measures |
| Raw fiber≤ | 6 | The method specified by GB/T5009.10 measures |
| Ash≤ | 7 | The method specified by GB/T12532 measures |
| Water content≤ | 12 | The method specified by GB/T12531 measures |
Table 3 sanitary index unit: mg/kg dry-eye disease
The each embodiment of table 4 and comparative example cultivate result
Claims (2)
1. utilize a method for fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) dry biomass number is poor according to fresh vinegar: wheat bran: sucrose=70 ~ 90%: prepare burden at 9 ~ 29%: 1%, then adjusting planting material medium water content with running water is 60 ~ 65%;
(2) by even for above-mentioned planting material spice, load in the culture bottle of high temperature high voltage resistant, till charging distance bottleneck 1 ~ 2cm place, cover bottleneck with Polypropylene Bag, rubber band tying, body is rinsed well by running water;
(3) by above-mentioned clean culture bottle in temperature 121 DEG C, pressure 0.12Mpa sterilizing 2 ~ 3h, cooling;
(4) inoculate by standard sterile method of operating, the mycelium of 1 spoonful of Hericium erinaceus test tube slant is inoculated at bottle mouth position, the dark culturing chamber ventilated that postvaccinal culture bottle is put in disinfection is cultivated, and in temperature 22 ~ 30 DEG C, humidity 70 ~ 80%, makes mycelial growth;
(5) cover with after bottle until mycelia, when bottleneck hyphal surface has the ecru globule to occur, open polypropylene bag, blake bottle is put in climatic cabinate and carries out management of producing mushroom, arranging climatic cabinate temperature is 18 ~ 20 DEG C, humidity 85 ~ 90%, daytime, 12h was that astigmatism shines 300Lx, and night, 12h illuminance was 0Lx;
(6) gather when fruit body is solid, spore does not fall, bacterium is stung at 0.5 ~ 1.0cm; After gathering, picked by the white mycoderma shape thing stayed in base portion, surface flattens, and continues, by above-mentioned labor management, to form down batch fruit body every 10 ~ 14d.
2. utilize the method for fresh vinegar grain cultivation Hericium erinaceus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that Hericium erinaceus gather after bacterium chaff replace wheat bran and husk for making vinegar raw material, achieve recycling of wine vinegar-cultivation Hericium erinaceus-wine vinegar.
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| CN106034916A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-10-26 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for improving vaccinium spp planting soil through fresh vinegar residues |
| CN108260713A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-07-10 | 山西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | The method that germ bran biological fermented feed is made using vinegar grain |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
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