CN104292611A - 一种发泡聚丙烯材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种发泡聚丙烯材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104292611A
CN104292611A CN201310301520.1A CN201310301520A CN104292611A CN 104292611 A CN104292611 A CN 104292611A CN 201310301520 A CN201310301520 A CN 201310301520A CN 104292611 A CN104292611 A CN 104292611A
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foaming
polypropylene material
temperature
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parts
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CN104292611B (zh
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魏玉函
柯卓
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种发泡聚丙烯材料,其原料包括如下组分:聚丙烯55-80份,PE和PP的半结晶性共聚物10-30份,发泡剂3-10份,成核剂1-5份,所述份数为质量份数。本发明提出了一种不同构思的发泡聚丙烯材料及其制备方法,发泡聚丙烯材料所需原料简单,相容性好,不需要加入任何相容剂;且制备工艺简单,容易操作,不需要进行交联;所得的聚丙烯泡沫材料泡孔结构良好,孔径均匀,发泡倍率高。

Description

一种发泡聚丙烯材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发泡聚丙烯材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
发泡聚丙烯(EPP)是一种性能卓越的高结晶性聚合物/气体复合材料,具有优异的抗震吸能性能和隔热性,形变后回复率高,耐热性好,耐化学腐蚀性和耐油性强,且可降解材料,被称为绿色泡沫,是继传统的聚苯乙烯泡沫(EPS)聚氨酯泡沫(EPU)和聚乙烯泡沫(EPE)之后的新一代环保泡沫材料,拥有广泛的应用前景。但是通用聚丙烯为结晶性聚合物,结晶度较高,在到达结晶熔融温度后,熔体粘度迅速下降,使发泡产生的气体很难保持住。因此从根本上改善PP的可发泡性是一个亟待解决的问题。
目前,改善聚丙烯的可发泡性主要通过下列途径:(1)交联,将线性聚丙烯熔体形成交联网络结构,PP经过适当交联后,熔体强度会有显著提高,气泡成核生长变得可控;交联有辐射交联和化学交联;但由于PP分子结构的特点,在交联的同时易发生降解。(2)支化,将线性聚丙烯变成带有长支链的聚丙烯,增加熔体大分子间的物理缠结点密度,形成高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP);HMSPP原料可以直接用来物理发泡,在发泡过程中泡孔不易合并或塌陷,开孔率低,泡孔结构好,因此备受人们关注;然而,HMSPP的制备需经过复杂的化学反应过程,而且工艺条件难以控制。(3)共混,通过聚丙烯与其它共聚物共混,改善其熔体的强度和弹性,以满足PP发泡的条件;比如将PP与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE),高密度聚乙烯(HDPE),聚丁烯等共混来解决PP发泡难的问题;这种方法简单易行,但需要对原材料质量,共混组成和加工工艺条件等进行深入研究才能实现工业化生产。
专利CN101275002A阐述了将聚丙烯与超高分子量聚乙烯共混,加入物理发泡剂发泡得到发泡材料。专利CN102115561A将均聚聚丙烯与高熔体强度聚丙烯,聚丙烯共聚物共混,物理发泡得到聚丙烯片材。专利CN101805481A阐述了将聚丙烯与交联剂,抗老化剂共混后,通过辐照交联得到高倍率的聚丙烯发泡材料。专利CN102250423A利用一种聚丙烯的组合物来制备发泡材料,这种组合物包括丙烯均聚物、丙烯和乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯和聚乙烯的混合物、聚丙烯和聚乙烯和乙丙共聚物的混合物、及聚丙烯的化学改性产物中的一种或几种,添加物理发泡剂高倍率挤出发泡。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种发泡聚丙烯材料及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:
一种发泡聚丙烯材料,其原料包括如下组分:聚丙烯55-80份,PE和PP的半结晶性共聚物10-30份,发泡剂3-10份,成核剂1-5份,所述份数为质量份数。
申请人经研究意外发现:上述材料组分有着意想不到的发泡效果,聚丙烯与PE,PP半结晶性共聚物的具有良好的相容性,不需要加入任何相容剂。
为了进一步提高发泡率和改良所得泡沫的结构,所述的聚丙烯为均聚、嵌段或无规共聚聚丙烯中的一种或两种以上任意配比的混合物,聚丙烯的熔体流动速率为0.2~10g/10min;所述的PE和PP半结晶性共聚物的熔体流动速率为3~8g/10min,密度为0.858~0.879g/cm3;PE和PP半结晶性共聚物的原料中乙烯的质量含量为9~16%。
为了进一步提高发泡效率,所述的发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈或对甲苯磺酰胺基脲中一种或两种以上任意配比的混合物,优选偶氮二异丁腈或对甲苯磺酰胺基脲。发泡剂的分解温度为180℃~240℃,优选为190℃~230℃。
为了提高所得产品泡孔的均匀性,所述的成核剂为无机盐类或金属氧化物。所述的成核剂为二氧化硅、滑石粉、碳酸钙或碳酸镁中一种或两种以上任意配比的混合物,优选滑石粉或碳酸镁。
上述的发泡聚丙烯材料的制备方法,包括顺序相接的如下步骤:
A、将原料组分混匀后,在转速为100-250转/分,温度为170-260℃的双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出造粒,成型;
B、将步骤A所得的成型材料在烘箱或发泡炉中恒温发泡或者在压机上加热加压发泡;烘箱或发泡炉中恒温发泡的温度为190~240℃,发泡时间为2~10分钟;压机加热加压发泡的温度为200~260℃,压力为0.5~5MP,发泡时间为3~10分钟。
为了节约能源,同时保证所得产品的性能,烘箱或发泡炉中恒温发泡的温度为200~230℃;压机加热加压发泡的温度为210~235℃,发泡时间为4~8分钟。
本发明未特别说明的技术均为现有技术。
本发明提出了一种不同构思的发泡聚丙烯材料及其制备方法,发泡聚丙烯材料所需原料简单,相容性好,不需要加入任何相容剂;且制备工艺简单,容易操作,不需要进行交联;所得的聚丙烯泡沫材料泡孔结构良好,孔径均匀,发泡倍率高。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1~6过聚丙烯与PE,PP半结晶性共聚物共混来制备发泡聚丙烯。
实施例1
原料:均聚聚丙烯80份(扬子石化生产F401,MFR2.5±0.5g/10min),PE,PP半结晶性共聚物(美国埃克森公司Vistamaxx6102,MFR3g/10min)10份,化学发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)7份,成核剂二氧化硅3份;
将上述原料在高速混合机中混合均匀,然后通过螺杆直径32mm,长径比为48的双螺杆挤出机,螺杆转速100-250转/分,温度为220-250℃,熔融后经圆形口模挤出条状物,水冷后切粒;将粒料在压片机上压制成3mm厚的薄片。将上述所得片材发泡炉中恒温发泡,发泡炉中恒温发泡的温度控制在225℃;发泡时间5分钟。所得发泡材料的发泡倍率达到4倍,泡孔尺寸均匀,泡孔之间相互连通。
实施例2
原料:均聚聚丙烯70份(扬子石化生产F401,MFR2.5±0.5g/10min),PE,PP半结晶性共聚物(美国埃克森公司Vistamaxx3980,MFR8g/10min)17份,化学发泡剂偶氮二异丁腈8份,成核剂碳酸钙5份。
将上述原料在高速混合机中混合均匀,然后通过螺杆直径32mm,长径比为48的双螺杆挤出机,螺杆转速100-250转/分,温度为200-230℃,熔融后经圆形口模挤出条状物,水冷后切粒;将粒料在压片机上压制成3mm厚的薄片。将上述所得片材发泡炉中恒温发泡,发泡炉中恒温发泡的温度控制在220℃;发泡时间8分钟。所得发泡材料的发泡倍率达到5倍,泡孔尺寸均匀,泡孔之间相互连通。
实施例3
原料:无规共聚聚丙烯65份(扬子石化生产PPR503,0.20~0.50g/10min),PE,PP半结晶性共聚物(美国埃克森公司Vistamaxx6102,MFR3g/10min)23份,化学发泡剂偶氮二异丁腈8份,成核剂碳酸镁4份。
将上述原料在高速混合机中混合均匀,然后通过螺杆直径32mm,长径比为48的双螺杆挤出机,螺杆转速100-250转/分,温度为220-250℃,熔融后经圆形口模挤出条状物,水冷后切粒;将粒料在压片机上压制成3mm厚的薄片。将上述所得片材发泡炉中恒温发泡,发泡炉中恒温发泡的温度控制在215℃;发泡时间8分钟。所得发泡材料的发泡倍率达到7倍,泡孔尺寸均匀,泡孔之间相互连通。
实施例4
原料:无规共聚聚丙烯60份(扬子石化生产PPR503,0.20~0.50g/10min),PE,PP半结晶性共聚物(美国埃克森公司Vistamaxx3980,MFR8g/10min)25份,化学发泡剂对甲苯磺酰胺基脲10份,成核剂滑石粉5份。
将上述原料在高速混合机中混合均匀,然后通过螺杆直径32mm,长径比为48的双螺杆挤出机,螺杆转速100-250转/分,温度为210-240℃,熔融后经圆形口模挤出条状物,水冷后切粒;将粒料在压片机上压制成3mm厚的薄片,将上述所得片材发泡炉中恒温发泡,发泡炉中恒温发泡的温度控制在220℃;发泡时间8分钟。所得发泡材料的发泡倍率达到8倍,泡孔尺寸均匀,泡孔之间相互连通。
实施例5
原料:嵌段共聚聚丙烯55份(扬子石化生产YPJ706,5.0~7.0g/10min),PE,PP半结晶性共聚物(美国埃克森公司Vistamaxx6102,MFR3g/10min)30份,化学发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)10份,成核剂二氧化硅5份。
将上述原料在高速混合机中混合均匀,然后通过螺杆直径32mm,长径比为48的双螺杆挤出机,螺杆转速100-250转/分,温度为220-250℃,熔融后经圆形口模挤出条状物,水冷后切粒;将粒料在压片机上压制成3mm厚的薄片,将上述所得片材发泡炉中恒温发泡,发泡炉中恒温发泡的温度控制在225℃;发泡时间6分钟。所得发泡材料的发泡倍率达到5倍,泡孔尺寸均匀,泡孔之间相互连通。
实施例6
原料:嵌段共聚聚丙烯60份(扬子石化生产YPJ706,5.0~7.0g/10min),PE,PP半结晶性共聚物(美国埃克森公司Vistamaxx3980,MFR8g/10min)30份,化学发泡剂对甲苯磺酰胺基脲5份,成核剂滑石粉和碳酸钙混合物5份。
将上述原料在高速混合机中混合均匀,然后通过螺杆直径32mm,长径比为48的双螺杆挤出机,螺杆转速100-250转/分,温度为210-240℃,熔融后经圆形口模挤出条状物,水冷后切粒;将粒料在压片机上压制成3mm厚的薄片,将上述所得片材发泡炉中恒温发泡,发泡炉中恒温发泡的温度控制在210℃;发泡时间8分钟。所得发泡材料的发泡倍率达到7倍,泡孔尺寸均匀,泡孔之间相互连通。

Claims (10)

1.一种发泡聚丙烯材料,其特征在于:其原料包括如下组分:聚丙烯55-80份,PE和PP的半结晶性共聚物10-30份,发泡剂3-10份,成核剂1-5份,所述份数为质量份数。
2.如权利要求1所述的发泡聚丙烯材料,其特征在于:所述的聚丙烯为均聚、嵌段或无规共聚聚丙烯中的一种或两种以上任意配比的混合物,聚丙烯的熔体流动速率为0.2~10g/10min。
3.如权利要求1所述的发泡聚丙烯材料,其特征在于:所述的PE和PP半结晶性共聚物的熔体流动速率为3~8g/10min,密度为0.858~0.879g/cm3;PE和PP半结晶性共聚物的原料中乙烯的质量含量为9~16%。
4.如权利要求1至3任意一项所述的发泡聚丙烯材料,其特征在于:所述的发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁腈或对甲苯磺酰胺基脲中一种或两种以上任意配比的混合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的发泡聚丙烯材料,其特征在于:发泡剂的分解温度为180℃~240℃。
6.如权利要求5所述的发泡聚丙烯材料,其特征在于:发泡剂的分解温度为190℃~230℃。
7.如权利要求1至3任意一项所述的发泡聚丙烯材料:其特征在于,所述的成核剂为无机盐类或金属氧化物。
8.如权利要求7所述的发泡聚丙烯材料,其特征在于:所述的成核剂为二氧化硅、滑石粉、碳酸钙或碳酸镁中一种或两种以上任意配比的混合物。
9.权利要求1至8任意一项所述的发泡聚丙烯材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括顺序相接的如下步骤:
A、将原料组分混匀后,在转速为100-250转/分,温度为170-260℃的双螺杆挤出机中熔融挤出造粒,成型;
B、将步骤A所得的成型材料在烘箱或发泡炉中恒温发泡或者在压机上加热加压发泡;烘箱或发泡炉中恒温发泡的温度为190~240℃,发泡时间为2~10分钟;压机加热加压发泡的温度为200~260℃,压力为0.5~5MP,发泡时间为3~10分钟。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,烘箱或发泡炉中恒温发泡的温度为200~230℃;压机加热加压发泡的温度为210~235℃,发泡时间为4~8分钟。
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