CN104289811A - Multi-beam center wire feeding laser processing head and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-beam center wire feeding laser processing head and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104289811A CN104289811A CN201310303474.9A CN201310303474A CN104289811A CN 104289811 A CN104289811 A CN 104289811A CN 201310303474 A CN201310303474 A CN 201310303474A CN 104289811 A CN104289811 A CN 104289811A
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- wire
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- laser machining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0665—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by beam condensation on the workpiece, e.g. for focusing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of laser processing, in particular to a multi-beam center wire feeding laser processing head and a processing method of the multi-beam center wire feeding laser processing head. The laser processing head comprises a wire feeding tube, a wire feeding nozzle and a plurality of identical optical modules, wherein the wire feeding tube and the wire feeding nozzle are located on the center axis of the laser processing head, the optical modules are rotationally and symmetrically distributed around the center axis, each optical module comprises a collimating lens set, a focusing lens set and a reflecting mirror set, lasers are transmitted to the processing head through a plurality of paths of optical fibers, a plurality of laser beams are focused on one point of the surface of a workpiece to form a molten pool after being collimated, focused and reflected by the optical modules, a metal wire is perpendicularly fed into the molten pool on the surface of the workpiece through the fire feeding nozzle, and the laser processing head moves on the surface of the workpiece according to a certain track so that the center wire feeding laser processing process can be achieved. Through the multi-beam center wire feeding laser processing head, center wire feeding in laser focusing light spots in circular symmetry distribution is achieved, and the processing quality consistency is guaranteed when the laser processing head moves in different directions.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of laser processing, specifically a kind of multiple beam center wire feed laser Machining head and processing method thereof, can be applicable to the field of laser processing such as laser three-dimensional rapid shaping, laser melting coating, laser weld.
Background technology
Field is manufactured in Laser Processing, there is a key technology to be by laser and need the metal material synchronous driving that is melted to Working position, and metal material being transported on machined surface continuously, accurately, equably do scanning motion by certain track together with focal beam spot; The material of conveying absorbs highdensity laser energy instant melting and forms molten bath in Laser Focusing hot spot, completes the rapid melting of material again to the metallurgical process of solidifying, thus realizes the process such as laser three-dimensional rapid shaping, laser melting coating.The method of domestic and foreign current mainly adopts the mode of coaxial powder-feeding or side direction wire feed.
As shown in Figure 1, the basic structure of coaxial powder-feeding processing head is for be evenly arranged multichannel powder-feeding nozzle 201 in laser beam 103 periphery, and powder-feeding nozzle also can adopt the structure of coaxial sleeve; In process, laser beam 103 focuses on the formation molten bath, surface 112 of workpiece 111 through focus lamp group 105, and the powder stream that powder-feeding nozzle 201 sprays converges at the surface of workpiece 111 equally and enters in molten bath 112.The uniformity of processing effect when the processing mode of this coaxial powder-feeding can ensure that laser Machining head scans along different directions, therefore the laser Machining head of coaxial powder-feeding structure and processing method comparatively conventional in laser melting coating, laser three-dimensional rapid shaping process; But coaxial powder-feeding mode exists powder sending quantity and uniformity is difficult to accurate control, in process, dusty material utilization ratio is low, and unfused powder easily sticks to surface of the work affects the defects such as surface quality.
Compared with coaxial powder-feeding, the processing method of wire feeding cladding has wire feed and easily accurately controls, the advantages such as stock utilization is high, and metal wire material price is relatively low; But also there is larger defect in side direction wire feed processing mode conventional at present.As shown in Figure 2, in side direction wire feed process, laser beam 103 vertical irradiation after focus lamp group 105 focuses on forms molten bath 112 on the surface of workpiece 111, and metal wire material 110 is sent into molten bath 112 with laser beam 103 is angled by wire feeding head 301 from the side.The light beam irradiation be subject to due to metal wire material 110, molten bath heat transfer and heat radiation effect are not symmetrically, therefore in process, if the scanning direction of laser Machining head constantly changes, metal wire material and laser beam just have different orientation and attitude relative to the direction of motion, the heat effect that metal wire material 110 melts in molten bath 112 and power action effect can change, thus make to solidify Hou Rong road size, pattern and surface roughness and all can have greatly changed; Especially, for the three-dimensional rapid shaping processing of complex profile, due to the continuous change in track while scan and direction, the continuity of processing and the quality of crucible zone are more difficult to ensure.In addition, it is not oxidized that process often needs around molten bath, blow inert protective gas protection molten bath, and due to structure restriction, during side direction wire feed, protective gas can only side direction blow, and therefore uneven to the pressure in molten bath, air turbulence, protected effect is poor.
Disclose on March 18th, 2009 that denomination of invention is " in laser light in wire feeding cladding method and light wire feeder ", publication number is the Chinese invention patent application of CN101386111A, one laser beam focus is the taper hot spot of hollow by the mode of the method employing conical mirror light splitting, then from the side wire-feeding pipe is sent into the center of tapered hollow light beam, then by wire-feeding pipe, silk material is vertically sent into spot center and process; The method and device achieve wire feed in light, and be a kind of comparatively novel feeding method, but its major defect is, wire feed path and laser beam still exist interference, and wire-feeding pipe has adverse effect to light path, with wire feeder complex structure in the time, are difficult to realize.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of multiple beam center wire feed laser Machining head and processing method thereof, realize the center wire feed laser processing procedure in the symmetrical Laser Focusing hot spot of circle, the uniformity of crudy when ensureing that laser Machining head moves along different directions in process, metal wire material is aimed at hot spot easily, process continous-stable, wire feed path and laser optical path are without any interference.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Laser Machining head of the present invention comprises the identical optical module of wire-feeding pipe, wire feeding mouth and multiple structure, wherein wire-feeding pipe is arranged on the housing of described laser Machining head, one end of described wire-feeding pipe is connected with wire feeding mouth, has the passage passed through for metal wire material in wire-feeding pipe and wire feeding mouth; Described wire-feeding pipe and wire feeding mouth are coaxially arranged, and the central axis conllinear of the central axis of wire-feeding pipe and wire feeding mouth and described laser Machining head; The periphery circumference of the described wire-feeding pipe other end is evenly equipped with multiple optical module, and each optical module includes collimating mirror group, focus lamp group and speculum group, and this collimating mirror group and focus lamp group are oppositely arranged up and down, and described speculum group is positioned at the below of focus lamp group; The all corresponding road optical fiber of each optical module, the laser beam of each road Optical Fiber Transmission respectively through each optical module focus on surface of the work a bit, this point is positioned on the central axis of described laser Machining head, and described metal wire material is admitted to this point by wire-feeding pipe, wire feeding mouth by the centre of each road laser beam.
Wherein: the channels peripheral in described wire feeding mouth is provided with gas passage, the central axis of this gas passage and the central axis conllinear of described laser Machining head, described gas passage is connected with protection source of the gas, and the protection gas of gas passage conveying forms gas curtain in the periphery of described metal wire material; Described speculum group comprises adjustable mirror and stationary mirror, and stationary mirror is positioned at the below of described focus lamp group, and adjustable mirror is positioned at the outside of this stationary mirror; Described laser beam through collimating mirror group collimation, focus lamp group focuses on, stationary mirror reflexes on adjustable mirror, by adjustment adjustable mirror multi-path laser bundle focused on surface of the work a bit; Described adjustable mirror is arranged on the housing of described laser Machining head by mirror unit, the two ends of described mirror unit are connected with housing respectively by extension spring, the two ends of mirror unit have been threaded adjustment screw respectively, and described adjustable mirror is by rotating the direction of the adjustment screw adjusting laser beam of either end; Ball is respectively equipped with between the adjustment screw at described adjustable mirror and mirror unit two ends and housing; Collimating mirror group in described each optical module and focus lamp group are arranged with optical axis, and collimating mirror group and focus lamp group are made up of one or more pieces optical mirror slips; The central axis upright of described wire-feeding pipe and wire feeding mouth is in the surface of described workpiece, and metal wire material is vertically sent into by the centre of each road laser beam by wire-feeding pipe, wire feeding mouth.
The processing method of laser Machining head of the present invention is: laser transfers to laser Machining head by multi-channel optical fibre, after the collimation of each optical module, focusing and reflection, each road laser beam focus on surface of the work a bit and form molten bath, metal wire material is sent in the molten bath of surface of the work by the wire feeding mouth with coaxial shielding gas body by the intermediate vertical of each road laser beam, laser Machining head is driven according to the apparent motion of setting track at workpiece by lathe, thus realizes center wire feed laser processing procedure;
Laser is transmitted by multi-channel optical fibre, and the quantity of optical fiber is identical with the quantity of optical module described in laser Machining head; The laser transmitted by multi-channel optical fibre stems from one or more laser instrument, and described laser instrument is optical fiber laser, YAG laser or direct semiconductor laser instrument; Described wire feeding mouth can be replaced by powder-feeding mouth, thus realizes the laser processing of center powder feeding.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
1. the multiple beam symmetrical structure of laser Machining head of the present invention makes metal wire material be in the center of symmetrical hot spot all the time and be heated evenly, achieve the center wire feed in the symmetrical Laser Focusing hot spot of circle, the uniformity of processing effect when ensure that laser Machining head moves along different directions.
2. Laser Processing header structure of the present invention is simple, easy to adjust; multi-path laser light path and wire feed path are without any interference; in process; protective gas and wire coaxially blow; vertically blow to molten bath; therefore to the pressure uniform in molten bath, effectively avoid the generation of molten bath oxidation, protected effect is good.
3. the direction of adjustable mirror adjustable laser beam of the present invention, can make light beam focus point be positioned on the central axis of wire feeding mouth lower end laser Machining head.
4. processing method of the present invention is simple, and be easy to operation, metal wire material is aimed at hot spot easily, process continous-stable, and wire feed path and laser optical path are without any interference.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing coaxial powder-feeding laser Machining head;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of existing side direction wire feed laser Machining head;
Fig. 3 is the structural profile schematic diagram of multiple beam center of the present invention wire feed laser Machining head;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the present invention is applied in the manufacture of laser three-dimensional rapid shaping workpiece;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that adjustable mirror of the present invention is arranged on laser Machining head;
Wherein: 101 is fibre-optical splice, 102 is optical fiber, 103 is laser beam, 104 is collimating mirror group, 105 is focus lamp group, 106 is adjustable mirror, 107 is stationary mirror, 108 is wire-feeding pipe, 109 is wire feeding mouth, 110 is metal wire material, 111 is workpiece, 112 is molten bath, 113 is gas passage, axis centered by 114, 115 is housing, 201 is powder-feeding nozzle, 202 is metal dust, 301 is wire feeding head, 401 is three beam center wire feed laser Machining heads, 402 is rapid shaping workpiece, 403 is wire-feed motor, 404 is wire feeding guiding tube, 405 is optical fiber laser, 406 is three axle lathes, 501 is adjustment screw, 502 is mirror unit, 503 is extension spring, 504 is ball.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 3, multiple beam center of the present invention wire feed laser Machining head comprises the identical optical module of wire-feeding pipe 108, wire feeding mouth 109 and multiple structure, wherein wire-feeding pipe 108 is arranged on the housing 115 of laser Machining head, one end (lower end) of wire-feeding pipe 108 is connected with wire feeding mouth 109, in wire-feeding pipe 108 and wire feeding mouth 109, have the passage passed through for metal wire material 110, the upper end of wire-feeding pipe 108 inner passage is connected with wire-feed motor 403 by wire feeding guiding tube 404.Wire-feeding pipe 108 and wire feeding mouth 109 are coaxially arranged, and wire-feeding pipe 108 and the central axis (i.e. the central axis of wire-feeding pipe 108 and wire feeding mouth 109 inner passage) of wire feeding mouth 109 and central axis 114 conllinear of laser Machining head.Channels peripheral in wire feeding mouth 109 lower end is provided with gas passage 113; this gas passage 113 is connected with protection source of the gas (protecting gas to can be inert gas); the central axis of gas passage 113 and central axis 114 conllinear of laser Machining head, the protection gas that gas passage 113 is carried forms gas curtain in the periphery of metal wire material 110.The periphery circumference of wire-feeding pipe 108 other end is evenly equipped with multiple optical module, and the optical module of the present embodiment is three, and central axis 114 Rotational Symmetry around laser Machining head distributes.
Each optical module includes collimating mirror group 104, focus lamp group 105 and speculum group, speculum group comprises adjustable mirror 106 and stationary mirror 107, collimating mirror group 104 is relative with focus lamp group about 105, arrange with optical axis, and collimating mirror group 104 and focus lamp group 105 can be made up of one or more pieces optical mirror slips.Stationary mirror 107 is positioned at the below of focus lamp group 105, and adjustable mirror 106 is positioned at the outside of this stationary mirror 107; The all corresponding road optical fiber 102 of each optical module, the laser beam 103 that each road optical fiber 102 transmits exports laser Machining head to by fibre-optical splice 101, collimate respectively through the collimating mirror group 104 in each optical module, focus lamp group 105 focus on, stationary mirror 107 reflexes on adjustable mirror 106, by adjustment adjustable mirror 106 multi-path laser bundle 103 focused on workpiece 111 surface a bit; This point is positioned on the central axis 114 of laser Machining head, and the central axis upright of wire-feeding pipe 108 and wire feeding mouth 109 is in the surface of workpiece 111, and metal wire material 110 is vertically sent into this point by wire-feeding pipe 108, wire feeding mouth 109 by the centre of each road laser beam 103.
As shown in Figure 5, adjustable mirror 106 is arranged on the housing 115 of laser Machining head by mirror unit 502, the two ends of mirror unit 502 are connected with housing 115 respectively by extension spring 503, the two ends of mirror unit 502 have also been threaded respectively and have adjusted screw 501, ball 504 is respectively equipped with between the adjustment screw 501 at adjustable mirror 106 and mirror unit 502 two ends and housing 115, adjustable mirror 106 is by rotating the adjustment screw 501 of either end, one end of mirror unit 502 is raised, i.e. the direction of adjustable laser beam 103.
The processing method of multiple beam center of the present invention wire feed laser Machining head is:
As shown in Figure 4, for laser three-dimensional rapid shaping, laser Machining head is arranged on three axle lathes 406, is driven process rapid shaping workpiece 402 by three axle lathes 406; Laser Machining head comprises three identical optical modules, is therefore called three beam center wire feed laser Machining heads 401.Optical fiber laser 405 can export three road laser by optical fiber 102, the laser that three road optical fiber 102 transmit outputs to three beam center wire feed laser Machining heads 401 by fibre-optical splice 101, then focuses on workpiece 111 surface through three optical modules of three beam center wire feed laser Machining heads 401 and be superposed to a focal beam spot, namely the laser beam 103 that fibre-optical splice 101 can export by collimating mirror group 104 is transformed to collimated light beam, by focus lamp group 105, collimated light beam is focused on again, the optical axis of focus lamp group 105 output beam is deflected 90 ° and directive adjustable mirror 106 by stationary mirror 107, adjustable mirror 106 is again by focused beam deflection and with the setpoint distance place of angle directive wire feeding mouth 109 exit lower end of setting, by the adjustment of adjustable mirror 106, light beam focus point can be made to be positioned on the central axis 114 of wire feeding mouth 109 lower end laser Machining head, multi-path laser bundle 103 is respectively through the collimation of each optical module, focus on reflection after, multiple focal beam spot is superimposed on the central axis 114 of wire feeding mouth 109 lower end laser Machining head.
Metal wire material 110 is delivered to the wire-feeding pipe 108 of three beam center wire feed laser Machining heads 401 by wire-feed motor 403 by wire feeding guiding tube 404, then exports Laser Focusing spot center to by wire feeding mouth 109 and form molten bath 112.In process, laser Machining head is driven to move by three axle lathes 406, metal wire material 110 is constantly sent in molten bath 112 by wire feeding mouth 109 by wire-feed motor 403, moves with laser Machining head and metal wire material 110, laser facula and constantly solidify and form molten road in molten bath 112.The track scanning motion that three axle lathes 406 drive laser Machining head to set by numerical control program, metal wire material 110 is layer by layer deposition constantly, thus realizes the process based on the laser three-dimensional rapid shaping of multiple beam center feeding method.
Laser is transmitted by multi-channel optical fibre 102, and the quantity of optical fiber 102 is identical with the quantity of optical module described in laser Machining head; The laser transmitted by multi-channel optical fibre stems from one or more laser instrument, and described laser instrument is optical fiber laser, YAG(yttrium-aluminium-garnet) laser instrument or direct semiconductor laser instrument.Wire feeding mouth 109 of the present invention can be replaced by powder-feeding mouth, thus realizes the laser processing of center powder feeding.
Claims (10)
1. a multiple beam center wire feed laser Machining head, it is characterized in that: comprise the optical module that wire-feeding pipe (108), wire feeding mouth (109) and multiple structure are identical, wherein wire-feeding pipe (108) is arranged on the housing (115) of described laser Machining head, one end of described wire-feeding pipe (108) is connected with wire feeding mouth (109), has the passage passed through for metal wire material (110) in wire-feeding pipe (108) and wire feeding mouth (109); Described wire-feeding pipe (108) and wire feeding mouth (109) are coaxially arranged, and wire-feeding pipe (108) and the central axis of wire feeding mouth (109) and central axis (114) conllinear of described laser Machining head; The periphery circumference of described wire-feeding pipe (108) other end is evenly equipped with multiple optical module, each optical module includes collimating mirror group (104), focus lamp group (105) and speculum group, this collimating mirror group (104) and focus lamp group (105) are oppositely arranged up and down, and described speculum group is positioned at the below of focus lamp group (105); The all corresponding road optical fiber (102) of each optical module, the laser beam (103) that transmits of each road optical fiber (102) respectively through each optical module focus on workpiece (111) surface a bit, this point is positioned on the central axis (114) of described laser Machining head, and described metal wire material (110) is admitted to this point by wire-feeding pipe (108), wire feeding mouth (109) by the centre on each road laser beam (103).
2. by multiple beam center according to claim 1 wire feed laser Machining head; it is characterized in that: the channels peripheral in described wire feeding mouth (109) is provided with gas passage (113); the central axis of this gas passage (113) and central axis (114) conllinear of described laser Machining head; described gas passage (113) is connected with protection source of the gas, and the protection gas that gas passage (113) is carried forms gas curtain in the periphery of described metal wire material (110).
3. by multiple beam center according to claim 1 wire feed laser Machining head, it is characterized in that: described speculum group comprises adjustable mirror (106) and stationary mirror (107), stationary mirror (107) is positioned at the below of described focus lamp group (105), and adjustable mirror (106) is positioned at the outside of this stationary mirror (107); Described laser beam (103) through collimating mirror group (104) collimation, focus lamp group (105) focuses on, stationary mirror (107) reflexes on adjustable mirror (106), by adjustment adjustable mirror (106) multi-path laser bundle (103) focused on workpiece (111) surface a bit.
4. by the multiple beam center wire feed laser Machining head described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that: described adjustable mirror (106) is arranged on the housing (115) of described laser Machining head by mirror unit (502), the two ends of described mirror unit (502) are connected with housing (115) respectively by extension spring (503), the two ends of mirror unit (502) have been threaded adjustment screw (501) respectively, and described adjustable mirror (106) is by rotating the direction of adjustment screw (501) adjusting laser beam (103) of either end.
5., by multiple beam center according to claim 4 wire feed laser Machining head, it is characterized in that: between the adjustment screw (501) at described adjustable mirror (106) and mirror unit (502) two ends and housing (115), be respectively equipped with ball (504).
6. by the multiple beam center wire feed laser Machining head described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that: the collimating mirror group (104) in described each optical module and focus lamp group (105) are arranged with optical axis, collimating mirror group (104) and focus lamp group (105) are made up of one or more pieces optical mirror slips.
7. by multiple beam center according to claim 1 wire feed laser Machining head, it is characterized in that: the central axis upright of described wire-feeding pipe (108) and wire feeding mouth (109) is in the surface of described workpiece (111), and metal wire material (110) is vertically sent into by the centre on each road laser beam (103) by wire-feeding pipe (108), wire feeding mouth (109).
8. the processing method by multiple beam center wire feed laser Machining head described in the arbitrary claim of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: laser transfers to laser Machining head by multi-channel optical fibre (102), respectively through the collimation of each optical module, focus on and reflection after, each road laser beam (103) focuses on a bit on workpiece (111) surface, and form molten bath (112), metal wire material (110) is sent in the molten bath (112) on workpiece (111) surface by the wire feeding mouth (109) with coaxial shielding gas body by the intermediate vertical on each road laser beam (103), laser Machining head drives according to the apparent motion of setting track in workpiece (111) by lathe, thus realize center wire feed laser processing procedure.
9. by processing method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: laser is by multi-channel optical fibre (102) transmission, and the quantity of optical fiber (102) is identical with the quantity of optical module described in laser Machining head; The laser transmitted by multi-channel optical fibre stems from one or more laser instrument, and described laser instrument is optical fiber laser, YAG laser or direct semiconductor laser instrument.
10., by processing method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described wire feeding mouth (109) can be replaced by powder-feeding mouth, thus realizes the laser processing of center powder feeding.
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| CN201310303474.9A CN104289811A (en) | 2013-07-18 | 2013-07-18 | Multi-beam center wire feeding laser processing head and processing method thereof |
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| CN201310303474.9A CN104289811A (en) | 2013-07-18 | 2013-07-18 | Multi-beam center wire feeding laser processing head and processing method thereof |
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