CN111230246A - Double-focus center wire feeding laser processing head and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Double-focus center wire feeding laser processing head and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种双焦点中心送丝激光加工头及其加工方法,送丝系统包括送丝管(9)、送丝轮(10)和送丝嘴(11),其中,送丝管(9)嵌于加工头中心内壁,送丝嘴(11)位于送丝管(9)下方,送丝轮(10)设置在送丝管(9)与送丝嘴(11)之间,所述送丝管(9)与送丝嘴(11)同心设置且内部设有焊丝通道;实现双焦点中心送丝的激光加工方式。保证了激光加工头沿不同方位与姿态加工下的一致性,提高了激光加工质量,同时避免了加工复杂零件时的干涉问题。保护效果较好,避免了侧轴送气的调节与干涉问题。送丝轮(10)对焊丝的压力作用,提高了焊丝(8)直度,保证了加工成形质量。改变光束反射角度来完成光丝间距的调节。
A dual focus center wire feeding laser processing head and a processing method thereof, the wire feeding system comprises a wire feeding tube (9), a wire feeding wheel (10) and a wire feeding nozzle (11), wherein the wire feeding tube (9) is embedded in the wire feeding tube (9) On the inner wall of the center of the processing head, the wire feeding nozzle (11) is located below the wire feeding tube (9), and the wire feeding wheel (10) is arranged between the wire feeding tube (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11). 9) It is concentric with the wire feed nozzle (11) and has a welding wire channel inside; it realizes the laser processing method of double focus center wire feeding. It ensures the consistency of the laser processing head in different orientations and attitudes, improves the quality of laser processing, and avoids the interference problem when processing complex parts. The protection effect is better, avoiding the adjustment and interference problems of the side shaft air supply. The pressure of the wire feeding wheel (10) on the welding wire improves the straightness of the welding wire (8) and ensures the quality of processing and forming. The adjustment of the filament spacing is accomplished by changing the beam reflection angle.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明为一种双焦点中心送丝激光加工头及其加工方法,可广泛应用于激光双焦点自熔焊接,激光填丝焊接,激光熔覆及激光3D打印行业,属于激光加工领域。The invention is a dual focus center wire feeding laser processing head and a processing method thereof, which can be widely used in laser dual focus self-fusion welding, laser wire filling welding, laser cladding and laser 3D printing industries, and belongs to the field of laser processing.
背景技术Background technique
激光加工领域中,激光焊接凭借光束质量高、热影响区金相变化范围小,焊接质量高,成形效率高等优势广泛应用于航空航天、交通、化工工业等各个领域。激光填丝焊接同其他焊接方法相比,焊接适应性较高,焊接质量更具优势,但其设备较为复杂,需在激光自熔焊设备的基础上添加送丝系统,且为保证焊丝刚好送至光轴与母材的交汇点处,需采用准直焊丝装置。焊丝的直线度较难保证,导致焊接的稳定性较差。普遍激光填丝加工头在实际焊接生产中采用侧向送丝,即激光加工头与焊枪依靠法兰装配,因此在焊接复杂工件时易受干涉影响,从而放弃采用激光填丝焊接方法。另外,保护气嘴同样采用侧向保护,焊接过程中,激光光斑需在保护气嘴的中心位置,且高度为5-10mm之间。因此调节保护气嘴的相对位置较为复杂,且保护效果不佳。In the field of laser processing, laser welding is widely used in aerospace, transportation, chemical industry and other fields due to the advantages of high beam quality, small metallographic variation in the heat-affected zone, high welding quality, and high forming efficiency. Compared with other welding methods, laser wire filling welding has higher welding adaptability and more advantages in welding quality, but its equipment is more complicated, and a wire feeding system needs to be added on the basis of laser self-fusion welding equipment. To the intersection of the optical axis and the base metal, a collimating wire device is required. The straightness of the welding wire is difficult to ensure, resulting in poor welding stability. Generally, the laser wire filling processing head adopts lateral wire feeding in actual welding production, that is, the laser processing head and the welding gun are assembled by flanges, so they are easily affected by interference when welding complex workpieces, so the laser wire filling welding method is abandoned. In addition, the protective gas nozzle also adopts lateral protection. During the welding process, the laser spot needs to be in the center of the protective gas nozzle, and the height is between 5-10mm. Therefore, it is complicated to adjust the relative position of the protective gas nozzle, and the protective effect is not good.
激光加工快速成型领域中,激光束能量使焊丝或粉末熔化并堆积于基材来形成三维实体。与传统工艺相比优点如下:1.快速性:加工周期较传统铸造工艺短,且敏感性低,成型时几乎不考虑外形问题,从而节省大量时间。2.适合成型复杂零件:成型件通过计算机分解为二维数据进行成型制作,无简单复杂之分,从而更适合于传统方法难以制造甚至无法制造的零件。3.高度柔性:一台设备上即可快速成型出具有一定精度并满足一定功能的零件。只需改变其软件模型就能实现对零件的修改。4.高度集成化:激光快速成型技术将软件数据转换为STL格式后,即可开始快速加工。In the field of laser processing rapid prototyping, laser beam energy melts welding wire or powder and deposits it on a substrate to form a three-dimensional solid. Compared with the traditional process, the advantages are as follows: 1. Rapidity: the processing cycle is shorter than that of the traditional casting process, and the sensitivity is low, and the shape problem is hardly considered when forming, thus saving a lot of time. 2. Suitable for forming complex parts: The forming parts are decomposed into two-dimensional data for forming and manufacturing by computer, and there is no simple or complex point, so it is more suitable for parts that are difficult or even impossible to manufacture by traditional methods. 3. High flexibility: parts with certain precision and certain functions can be rapidly formed on one piece of equipment. Modifications to parts can be accomplished simply by changing their software model. 4. Highly integrated: After the laser rapid prototyping technology converts the software data into STL format, rapid processing can be started.
目前,激光同轴送粉或侧向送丝已成为国内外主流的快速成型方式。多路同轴送粉方式存在的问题如下:1.加工过程送粉管调节对中精度难以控制且较为费时。2.加工过程粉末利用率较低,且未熔化的粉末粘附于加工表面易产生加工不均匀和表面质量差等缺陷。侧向送丝方式优势在于材料利用率及成型效率较高,丝材成本较低,送丝精度更易掌控,但同样存在以下问题:1.成型过程中焊枪与激光加工头相对运动的方位与姿态易受干涉与限制,成型复杂结构件时难以实现路径规划。2.成形的表面质量粗糙且难于保证。3.送丝角度难以调节且重复性较差。4.气体保护不均匀,加工表面易于氧化。At present, laser coaxial powder feeding or lateral wire feeding has become the mainstream rapid prototyping method at home and abroad. The problems existing in the multi-channel coaxial powder feeding method are as follows: 1. The adjustment and alignment accuracy of the powder feeding tube during the processing is difficult to control and is time-consuming. 2. The powder utilization rate during processing is low, and the unmelted powder adheres to the processing surface, which is prone to defects such as uneven processing and poor surface quality. The advantages of the lateral wire feeding method are that the material utilization rate and forming efficiency are high, the wire cost is low, and the wire feeding accuracy is easier to control, but there are also the following problems: 1. The relative movement of the welding torch and the laser processing head during the forming process. It is easy to be interfered and restricted, and it is difficult to realize path planning when forming complex structural parts. 2. The quality of the formed surface is rough and difficult to guarantee. 3. The wire feeding angle is difficult to adjust and the repeatability is poor. 4. The gas protection is uneven, and the machined surface is easy to oxidize.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
发明目的:Purpose of invention:
本发明提供一种双焦点中心送丝激光加工头及其加工方法,其目的是解决以往所存在的问题。The present invention provides a dual focus center wire feeding laser processing head and a processing method thereof, which aim to solve the problems existing in the past.
技术方案:Technical solutions:
一种双焦点中心送丝激光加工头,该加工头包括送丝系统和光学系统;A double focus center wire feeding laser processing head, the processing head includes a wire feeding system and an optical system;
送丝系统包括送丝管(9)、送丝轮(10)和送丝嘴(11),其中,送丝管(9)嵌于加工头中心内壁,送丝嘴(11)位于送丝管(9)下方,送丝轮(10)设置在送丝管(9)与送丝嘴(11)之间,所述送丝管(9)与送丝嘴(11)同心设置且内部设有焊丝通道;The wire feeding system comprises a wire feeding tube (9), a wire feeding wheel (10) and a wire feeding nozzle (11), wherein the wire feeding tube (9) is embedded in the inner wall of the center of the processing head, and the wire feeding nozzle (11) is located in the wire feeding tube Below (9), the wire feeding wheel (10) is arranged between the wire feeding tube (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11). wire channel;
光学系统包括准直镜模块(3)、棱形分光镜模块(4)和反射聚焦镜模块(5),其中准直镜模块(3)与棱形分光镜模块(4)位于一组,准直镜模块(3)与棱形分光镜模块(4)依次位于光经过的路径上,两个反射聚焦镜模块(5)位于焊丝(8)的两侧,且反射聚焦镜模块(5)位于能够接收到由棱形分光镜模块(4)分出的光的位置。The optical system includes a collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic beam splitting mirror module (4) and a reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the collimating mirror module (3) and the prismatic beam splitting mirror module (4) are located in one group, The straight mirror module (3) and the prismatic beam splitter module (4) are located on the path of the light in sequence, the two reflection focusing mirror modules (5) are located on both sides of the welding wire (8), and the reflection focusing mirror module (5) is located in the The position where the light split by the prismatic beam splitter module (4) can be received.
所述反射聚焦镜模块(5)以送丝系统为中心对称设置。The reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is symmetrically arranged with the wire feeding system as the center.
所述送丝嘴(11)上端具有多个保护气体通孔(12)。The upper end of the wire feed nozzle (11) is provided with a plurality of protective gas through holes (12).
所述光学模块中包括固定式的准直镜模块(3)、棱形分光镜模块(4)与可调式反射聚焦镜模块(5),其中可调式反射聚焦镜模块(5)为能够变换双焦点间距的反射聚焦镜。The optical module includes a fixed collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic beam splitter module (4) and an adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is capable of transforming dual Reflective focusing mirror with focal spacing.
所述单激光束经过棱形分光镜模块(4)后形成交叉式双平行激光束环绕送丝系统射入反射聚焦镜模块(5)并聚焦于加工平面一点。The single laser beam passes through the prismatic beam splitter module (4) to form a cross-type double parallel laser beam and surrounds the wire feeding system, enters the reflection focusing mirror module (5) and focuses on a point on the processing plane.
所述送丝轮(10)与外界送丝机同步控制,送丝和抽丝通过送丝轮调节。The wire feeding wheel (10) is controlled synchronously with the external wire feeding machine, and wire feeding and wire drawing are adjusted by the wire feeding wheel.
一种双焦点中心送丝激光加工方法,其特征在于:光纤传输的激光束通过光学模块后形成的双激光束聚焦于工件表面形成熔池,丝材通过同轴保护气体的送丝系统于双激光束间垂直送入该熔池中,实现单光束双焦点中心送丝的激光加工过程。A double focus center wire feeding laser processing method, which is characterized in that: the double laser beams formed after the laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber passes through the optical module is focused on the surface of the workpiece to form a molten pool, and the wire is passed through the coaxial protective gas wire feeding system. The laser beams are vertically fed into the molten pool to realize the laser processing process of single beam double focus center wire feeding.
优点效果:Advantage effect:
本发明所要解决的问题是针对普遍激光焊接与激光快速成型方法的不足,提供一种单光束实现双焦点中心送丝激光加工头及其加工方法,保证了激光束与丝材(粉末)的同轴度和加工质量的一致性,提高了加工效率、材料利用率和表面加工质量,避免激光加工头运动过程中的干涉问题。The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a laser processing head and a processing method for realizing double-focus center wire feeding with a single beam, aiming at the deficiencies of the general laser welding and laser rapid prototyping methods, which ensures that the laser beam and the wire (powder) are the same The consistency of axis degree and processing quality improves processing efficiency, material utilization rate and surface processing quality, and avoids interference problems during the movement of the laser processing head.
本发明双焦点中心送丝激光加工头中送丝系统包括送丝管(9)、送丝轮(10)、送丝嘴(11),其中,送丝管(9)嵌于加工头中心内壁,送丝管(9)底端与送丝嘴(11)之间采用送丝轮(10)连接,所述送丝管(9)与送丝嘴(11)同心设置且内部设有不同直径焊丝通道;光学系统包括准直镜模块(3),棱形分光镜模块(4)、反射聚焦镜模块(5),其中准直镜模块(3)与棱形聚焦镜模块(4)位于一组,送丝系统与反射聚焦镜模块(5)位于一组,二组结合为所述激光加工整体,所述反射聚焦镜模块(5)以送丝系统为中心对称设置;焊丝(8)经送丝管(9)、送丝轮(10)、送丝嘴(11)送至工件表面一点,侧向光纤传输的激光束经过光学系统聚焦于该点两侧。The wire feeding system in the dual focus center wire feeding laser processing head of the present invention comprises a wire feeding tube (9), a wire feeding wheel (10), and a wire feeding nozzle (11), wherein the wire feeding tube (9) is embedded in the inner wall of the processing head center , the bottom end of the wire feeding tube (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11) are connected by a wire feeding wheel (10). Welding wire channel; the optical system comprises a collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic beam splitter module (4), and a reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the collimating mirror module (3) and the prismatic focusing mirror module (4) are located in a The wire feeding system and the reflection focusing mirror module (5) are located in one group, and the two groups are combined into the laser processing whole, and the reflection focusing mirror module (5) is symmetrically arranged with the wire feeding system as the center; The wire feeding tube (9), the wire feeding wheel (10) and the wire feeding nozzle (11) are sent to a point on the surface of the workpiece, and the laser beam transmitted laterally to the optical fiber is focused on both sides of the point through the optical system.
其中,所述送丝嘴(11)上端具有多个保护气体通孔,形成气体通道,且与外界保护气源相连,充分包裹在丝材熔化所形成的熔池周围。送丝轮(10)与外界送丝机同步控制,送丝和抽丝可通过送丝轮调节。所述光学模块中包括固定式准直镜模块(3)、棱形分光镜模块(4)与可调式反射聚焦镜模块(5),可调式反射聚焦镜模块(5)通过侧边螺纽旋转手动变换双焦点间距。Wherein, the upper end of the wire feeding nozzle (11) has a plurality of protective gas through holes to form a gas channel, and is connected with an external protective gas source, and is fully wrapped around the molten pool formed by the melting of the wire material. The wire feeding wheel (10) is controlled synchronously with the external wire feeding machine, and wire feeding and wire drawing can be adjusted by the wire feeding wheel. The optical module includes a fixed collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic beam splitter module (4) and an adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5), and the adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is rotated by a side screw Manually change the bifocal spacing.
本发明激光加工的激光加工方法为:光纤传输的激光束通过光学模块使单激光束对称形成双平行激光束并绕过送丝头(7)侧向传输,且聚焦于加工平面内形成熔池。所形成的双激光束对称分布于送丝机构两侧,从而实现单光束双焦点的中心送丝激光加工方式。The laser processing method for laser processing of the present invention is as follows: the laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber passes through the optical module to make the single laser beam symmetrical to form a double parallel laser beam, which is laterally transmitted around the wire feeding head (7), and is focused on the processing plane to form a molten pool . The formed double laser beams are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the wire feeding mechanism, so as to realize the center wire feeding laser processing method of single beam and double focus.
与其它激光加工头相比,本发明方法具有如下优点:Compared with other laser processing heads, the method of the present invention has the following advantages:
1.单束激光通过光学模块可在加工表面聚焦为双激光束围绕于丝材两侧,实现双焦点中心送丝的激光加工方式。保证了激光加工头沿不同方位与姿态加工下的一致性,提高了激光加工质量,同时避免了加工复杂零件时的干涉问题。1. A single laser beam can be focused on the processing surface into double laser beams surrounding the wire on both sides of the wire through the optical module, realizing the laser processing method of double focus center wire feeding. It ensures the consistency of the laser processing head along different orientations and attitudes, improves the quality of laser processing, and avoids the interference problem when processing complex parts.
2.保护气由激光加工头送丝嘴(11)垂直且均匀吹向熔池,保护效果较好,避免了侧轴送气的调节与干涉问题。送丝轮(10)对焊丝的压力作用,提高了焊丝(8)直度,保证了加工成形质量。2. The protective gas is blown vertically and uniformly to the molten pool by the wire feed nozzle (11) of the laser processing head, and the protective effect is good, avoiding the adjustment and interference of the side shaft gas supply. The pressure of the wire feeding wheel (10) on the welding wire improves the straightness of the welding wire (8) and ensures the processing and forming quality.
3.可调式反射聚焦镜模块(5)通过手动螺纽上下旋转控制其角度,改变光束反射角度来完成光丝间距的调节。3. The adjustable reflective focusing mirror module (5) controls its angle by rotating the manual screw up and down, and changes the beam reflection angle to complete the adjustment of the optical fiber spacing.
4.可实现一种双焦点式中心送丝与送粉二合一的多功能激光加工头。4. It can realize a multi-functional laser processing head that combines double-focus central wire feeding and powder feeding.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明双焦点中心送丝激光焊接加工头的结构剖面示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the dual focus center wire feeding laser welding processing head of the present invention.
图2为本发明双焦点中心送丝激光焊接加工头中送丝头剖面示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the wire feeder in the dual focus center wire feed laser welding processing head of the present invention.
图1中:1-光纤,2-激光束,3-准直镜模块,4-棱形分光镜模块,5-反射聚焦镜模块,6-反射聚焦镜旋钮,7-送丝头,8-焊丝。In Figure 1: 1-fiber, 2-laser beam, 3-collimating mirror module, 4-prism beam splitter module, 5-reflection focusing mirror module, 6-reflection focusing mirror knob, 7-wire feeder, 8- welding wire.
图2中:9-送丝管,10-送丝轮,11-送丝嘴,12-保护气通道。In Figure 2: 9- wire feeding tube, 10- wire feeding wheel, 11- wire feeding nozzle, 12- protective gas channel.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一种双焦点中心送丝激光加工头,该加工头包括送丝系统和光学系统;A double focus center wire feeding laser processing head, the processing head includes a wire feeding system and an optical system;
送丝系统包括送丝管(9)、送丝轮(10)和送丝嘴(11),其中,送丝管(9)嵌于加工头中心内壁,送丝嘴(11)位于送丝管(9)下方,送丝轮(10)设置在送丝管(9)与送丝嘴(11)之间,送丝管(9)底端与送丝嘴(11)之间采用送丝轮(10)连接,所述送丝管(9)与送丝嘴(11)同心设置且内部设有不同直径(焊丝直径有粗有细,所以焊丝通道也得分粗细)焊丝通道;The wire feeding system comprises a wire feeding tube (9), a wire feeding wheel (10) and a wire feeding nozzle (11), wherein the wire feeding tube (9) is embedded in the inner wall of the center of the processing head, and the wire feeding nozzle (11) is located in the wire feeding tube Below (9), the wire feeding wheel (10) is arranged between the wire feeding tube (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11), and a wire feeding wheel is used between the bottom end of the wire feeding tube (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11). (10) Connection, the wire feeding tube (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11) are arranged concentrically and are provided with wire channels of different diameters (the diameter of the welding wire is thick and thin, so the welding wire channel also scores the thickness);
光学系统包括准直镜模块(3)、棱形分光镜模块(4)和反射聚焦镜模块(5),其中准直镜模块(3)与棱形分光镜模块(4)位于一组,准直镜模块(3)与棱形分光镜模块(4)依次位于光经过的路径上,两个反射聚焦镜模块(5)位于焊丝(8)的两侧,且反射聚焦镜模块(5)位于能够接收到由棱形分光镜模块(4)分出的光的位置。送丝系统与反射聚焦镜模块(5)位于一组,二组结合为所述激光加工整体。The optical system includes a collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic beam splitting mirror module (4) and a reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the collimating mirror module (3) and the prismatic beam splitting mirror module (4) are located in one group, The straight mirror module (3) and the prismatic beam splitter module (4) are located on the path of the light in sequence, the two reflecting focusing mirror modules (5) are located on both sides of the welding wire (8), and the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is located on both sides of the welding wire (8). The position where the light split by the prismatic beam splitter module (4) can be received. The wire feeding system and the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) are located in one group, and the two groups are combined to form the laser processing whole.
所述反射聚焦镜模块(5)以送丝系统为中心(焊丝(8)中心)对称设置;焊丝(8)经过送丝管(9)、送丝轮(10)、送丝嘴(11)送至工件表面一点,侧向光纤传输的激光束经过光学系统从两侧聚焦于该点。The reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is symmetrically arranged with the wire feeding system as the center (the center of the welding wire (8)); the welding wire (8) passes through the wire feeding tube (9), the wire feeding wheel (10) and the wire feeding nozzle (11) It is sent to a point on the surface of the workpiece, and the laser beam transmitted by the lateral fiber is focused on this point from both sides through the optical system.
所述送丝嘴(11)上端具有多个保护气体通孔(12)(这个通孔出的气是与送丝系统中心空心内部由上至下送的,12与外壁相连,其结构类似于圆片周围钻孔的形状,围绕送丝嘴(11)中心设置),形成气体通道,且与外界保护气源相连,充分包裹在丝材熔化所形成的熔池周围,避免加工表面氧化和另设保护气嘴的干涉与不同步问题。The upper end of the wire feeding nozzle (11) has a plurality of protective gas through holes (12) (the gas from this through hole is sent from top to bottom in the hollow interior of the wire feeding system, and 12 is connected to the outer wall, and its structure is similar to that of the outer wall. The shape of the drill hole around the wafer is arranged around the center of the wire feed nozzle (11) to form a gas channel, which is connected to the external protective gas source, and is fully wrapped around the molten pool formed by the melting of the wire to avoid oxidation of the processing surface and other defects. Set the interference and asynchrony of the protective gas nozzle.
所述光学模块中包括固定式的准直镜模块(3)、棱形分光镜模块(4)与可调式反射聚焦镜模块(5),其中可调式反射聚焦镜模块(5)为能够变换双焦点间距的反射聚焦镜。例如,可通过侧边螺纽旋转手动变换双焦点间距,当然,其结构原理可以采用同汽车外后视镜调节结构雷同的结构,可以手动也可以电动。The optical module includes a fixed collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic beam splitter module (4) and an adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is capable of transforming dual Reflective focusing mirror with focal spacing. For example, the bifocal distance can be manually changed by rotating the side screw. Of course, its structural principle can adopt the same structure as the adjustment structure of the car's exterior rearview mirror, which can be manual or electric.
所述单激光束经过棱形分光镜模块(4)后形成交叉式双平行激光束环绕送丝系统射入反射聚焦镜模块(5)并聚焦于加工平面一点。The single laser beam passes through the prismatic beam splitter module (4) to form a cross-type double parallel laser beam and surrounds the wire feeding system, enters the reflection focusing mirror module (5) and focuses on a point on the processing plane.
所述可调式反射聚焦镜可通过手动螺纽上下旋转控制角度,改变激光束的反射角度来完成光丝间距的控制。如前所述,其结构原理可以采用同汽车外后视镜调节结构雷同的结构,可以手动也可以电动。The adjustable reflective focusing mirror can control the angle by rotating the manual screw up and down to change the reflection angle of the laser beam to complete the control of the optical fiber spacing. As mentioned above, its structural principle can adopt the same structure as the adjustment structure of the car's exterior rearview mirror, which can be manual or electric.
所述光纤传输的单激光束经过光学系统后在工件表面聚焦的双激光束可与丝材至工件表面的那一点重合。After the single laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber passes through the optical system, the double laser beam focused on the surface of the workpiece can coincide with the point from the wire to the surface of the workpiece.
所述送丝轮(10)与外界送丝机同步控制,送丝和抽丝通过送丝轮调节。The wire feeding wheel (10) is controlled synchronously with the external wire feeding machine, and wire feeding and wire drawing are adjusted by the wire feeding wheel.
一种双焦点中心送丝激光加工方法,光纤传输的激光束通过光学模块后形成的双激光束聚焦于工件表面形成熔池,丝材通过同轴保护气体的送丝系统于双激光束间垂直送入该熔池中,实现单光束双焦点中心送丝的激光加工过程。所述激光加工头均可安装于焊接机器人与多轴联动机床。A dual-focus center wire-feeding laser processing method. The laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber passes through the optical module, and the dual laser beams formed are focused on the surface of the workpiece to form a molten pool, and the wire is passed through the coaxial protective gas wire feeding system. It is sent into the molten pool to realize the laser processing process of single-beam double-focus center wire feeding. The laser processing heads can be installed on welding robots and multi-axis linkage machine tools.
所述送丝系统可拆卸并安装送粉系统,实现双光束中心送粉激光加工方法,可用于激光熔覆、激光3D打印等激光快速成型工艺。(把焊丝抽掉,插入送粉管,送粉管与外界送粉器相连)The wire feeding system can be disassembled and installed with a powder feeding system, so as to realize the laser processing method of double-beam central powder feeding, and can be used for laser rapid prototyping processes such as laser cladding and laser 3D printing. (Pull off the welding wire, insert the powder feeding tube, and the powder feeding tube is connected to the external powder feeder)
本发明的一种双焦点中心送丝激光加工头中送丝系统包括送丝管(9)、送丝轮(10)、送丝嘴(11),其中,送丝管(9)嵌于加工头中心内壁,送丝管(9)底端与送丝嘴(11)之间采用送丝轮(10)连接,所述送丝管(9)与送丝嘴(11)同心设置且内部设有不同直径焊丝通道,送丝嘴(11)上具有多个保护气体通孔,形成气体通道,且与外界保护气源相连,充分包裹在丝材熔化所形成的熔池周围,送丝轮(10)与外界送丝机同步控制,送丝和抽丝可通过送丝轮调节;光学系统包括固定式准直镜模块(3)、棱形分光镜模块(4)与可调式反射聚焦镜模块(5),其中可调式反射聚焦镜模块(5)通过手动螺纽上下旋转控制角度,改变激光束的反射角度来完成光丝间距的控制。其中准直镜模块(3)与棱形分光镜模块(4)位于一组,送丝系统与反射聚焦镜模块(5)位于一组,二组结合为所述激光加工整体,反射聚焦镜模块(5)以送丝系统为中心对称设置;焊丝(8)经送丝管(9)、送丝轮(10)、送丝嘴(11)送至工件表面一点,侧向光纤传输的激光束经过光学系统聚焦于该点两侧。光纤传输的激光束通过光学模块后形成的双激光束聚焦于工件表面形成熔池,丝材通过同轴保护气体的送丝系统于双激光束间垂直送入该熔池中,实现单光速双焦点中心送丝的激光加工过程。A wire feeding system in a dual focus center wire feeding laser processing head of the present invention comprises a wire feeding tube (9), a wire feeding wheel (10), and a wire feeding nozzle (11), wherein the wire feeding tube (9) is embedded in the processing On the inner wall of the center of the head, the bottom end of the wire feeding tube (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11) are connected by a wire feeding wheel (10). There are welding wire channels of different diameters, and the wire feed nozzle (11) has a plurality of shielding gas through holes to form gas channels, which are connected to the external shielding gas source, and are fully wrapped around the molten pool formed by the melting of the wire. 10) Synchronous control with the external wire feeder, wire feeding and wire drawing can be adjusted through the wire feeding wheel; the optical system includes a fixed collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic beam splitter module (4) and an adjustable reflective focusing mirror module (5), wherein the adjustable reflective focusing mirror module (5) controls the angle by rotating the manual screw up and down to change the reflection angle of the laser beam to complete the control of the optical fiber spacing. The collimating mirror module (3) and the prismatic beam splitter module (4) are located in one group, the wire feeding system and the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) are located in one group, and the two groups are combined into the laser processing whole, and the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) Symmetrically arranged with the wire feeding system as the center; the welding wire (8) is sent to a point on the surface of the workpiece through the wire feeding tube (9), the wire feeding wheel (10), and the wire feeding nozzle (11), and the laser beam transmitted laterally to the optical fiber Focus on both sides of the point through the optical system. The laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber passes through the optical module, and the double laser beam formed is focused on the surface of the workpiece to form a molten pool, and the wire is vertically fed into the molten pool between the two laser beams through the wire feeding system of the coaxial protective gas, realizing single light speed double Laser machining process for wire feeding at the center of focus.
本发明的一种双焦点中心送丝激光加工头的加工方法为:The processing method of a dual-focus center wire feeding laser processing head of the present invention is as follows:
激光加工头可安装在焊接机器人或多轴联动机床上,待加工工件采用夹具固定于可加工位置,通过调节送丝系统中送丝轮夹紧力,使送入的丝材垂直送至工件表面且保证其直度,确定焦点位置后,通过调节反射聚焦镜模块侧方旋钮(6),确定激光束与丝材间距。通过焊接机器人或多轴联动机床编程确定加工路径与加工速度,调节激光器输出功率,即可完成激光加工过程。其中拆卸激光加工头中送丝系统并安装送粉系统,通过设置送粉器送分量,即可完成激光快速成型加工过程。The laser processing head can be installed on a welding robot or a multi-axis linkage machine tool. The workpiece to be processed is fixed in a workable position with a fixture. By adjusting the clamping force of the wire feeding wheel in the wire feeding system, the fed wire can be sent vertically to the workpiece surface. And to ensure its straightness, after determining the focus position, the distance between the laser beam and the wire is determined by adjusting the knob (6) on the side of the reflective focusing mirror module. The laser processing process can be completed by determining the processing path and processing speed through the programming of the welding robot or multi-axis linkage machine tool, and adjusting the output power of the laser. Among them, the wire feeding system in the laser processing head is removed and the powder feeding system is installed, and the laser rapid prototyping process can be completed by setting the feeding amount of the powder feeder.
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