CN111230246A - Double-focus center wire feeding laser processing head and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Double-focus center wire feeding laser processing head and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111230246A CN111230246A CN202010192212.XA CN202010192212A CN111230246A CN 111230246 A CN111230246 A CN 111230246A CN 202010192212 A CN202010192212 A CN 202010192212A CN 111230246 A CN111230246 A CN 111230246A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
- B23K3/08—Auxiliary devices therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/005—Soldering by means of radiant energy
- B23K1/0056—Soldering by means of radiant energy soldering by means of beams, e.g. lasers, E.B.
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
- B23K3/06—Solder feeding devices; Solder melting pans
- B23K3/0607—Solder feeding devices
- B23K3/063—Solder feeding devices for wire feeding
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Abstract
A double-focus center wire feeding laser processing head and a processing method thereof are disclosed, wherein a wire feeding system comprises a wire feeding pipe (9), a wire feeding wheel (10) and a wire feeding nozzle (11), wherein the wire feeding pipe (9) is embedded in the inner wall of the center of the processing head, the wire feeding nozzle (11) is positioned below the wire feeding pipe (9), the wire feeding wheel (10) is arranged between the wire feeding pipe (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11), the wire feeding pipe (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11) are concentrically arranged, and a welding wire channel is arranged inside the wire feeding pipe and the wire feeding nozzle; and realizing a laser processing mode of double-focus center wire feeding. The consistency of the laser processing head along different directions and postures is ensured, the laser processing quality is improved, and meanwhile, the problem of interference during the processing of complex parts is avoided. The protection effect is better, has avoided the regulation and the interference problem of side shaft air feed. The wire feeding wheel (10) acts on the pressure of the welding wire, so that the straightness of the welding wire (8) is improved, and the processing and forming quality is ensured. And the light beam reflection angle is changed to complete the adjustment of the light filament interval.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a double-focus center wire feeding laser processing head and a processing method thereof, which can be widely applied to laser double-focus self-fluxing welding, laser wire filling welding, laser cladding and laser 3D printing industries and belong to the field of laser processing.
Background
In the field of laser processing, laser welding is widely applied to various fields of aerospace, traffic, chemical industry and the like by virtue of the advantages of high beam quality, small metallurgical change range of a heat affected zone, high welding quality, high forming efficiency and the like. Compared with other welding methods, the laser wire filling welding method has the advantages of high welding adaptability and superior welding quality, but the equipment is complex, a wire feeding system needs to be added on the basis of laser self-fusion welding equipment, and a collimation welding wire device needs to be adopted to ensure that a welding wire is just fed to a junction of an optical axis and a base metal. The straightness of the welding wire is difficult to ensure, so that the welding stability is poor. The common laser wire filling processing head adopts lateral wire feeding in actual welding production, namely the laser processing head and a welding gun are assembled by a flange, so that the laser wire filling processing head is easily influenced by interference when welding complex workpieces, and a laser wire filling welding method is abandoned. In addition, the protection air tap also adopts lateral protection, and in the welding process, the laser spot is required to be in the central position of the protection air tap, and the height of the laser spot is 5-10 mm. Therefore, adjusting the relative position of the protection nozzle is complicated, and the protection effect is not good.
In the field of laser machining rapid prototyping, the energy of a laser beam melts and deposits a wire or powder onto a substrate to form a three-dimensional solid. Compared with the traditional process, the method has the following advantages: 1. rapidity: compared with the traditional casting process, the processing period is short, the sensitivity is low, and the appearance problem is hardly considered during forming, so that a great deal of time is saved. 2. Is suitable for forming complex parts: the formed part is decomposed into two-dimensional data through a computer to be formed and manufactured, and the method is free from simple and complicated points, so that the method is more suitable for parts which are difficult to manufacture or even cannot be manufactured by the traditional method. 3. High flexibility: the parts with certain precision and certain functions can be quickly formed on one device. The modification of the parts can be realized only by changing the software model of the parts. 4. High integration: and after the software data is converted into the STL format by the laser rapid prototyping technology, the rapid processing can be started.
At present, laser coaxial powder feeding or lateral wire feeding becomes a mainstream rapid forming mode at home and abroad. The problems of the multi-path coaxial powder feeding mode are as follows: 1. the adjustment and centering precision of the powder feeding pipe in the machining process is difficult to control and time-consuming. 2. The utilization rate of the powder is low in the processing process, and the unmelted powder is adhered to the processing surface to easily generate defects of uneven processing, poor surface quality and the like. The lateral wire feeding mode has the advantages that the material utilization rate and the forming efficiency are high, the wire cost is low, the wire feeding precision is easier to control, and the following problems exist: 1. in the forming process, the direction and the posture of the relative movement of the welding gun and the laser processing head are easily interfered and limited, and the path planning is difficult to realize when a complex structural member is formed. 2. The quality of the formed surface is rough and difficult to ensure. 3. The wire feed angle is difficult to adjust and the repeatability is poor. 4. The gas protection is not uniform, and the processed surface is easy to oxidize.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a double-focus central wire feeding laser processing head and a processing method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a bifocal central wire feed laser processing head comprising a wire feed system and an optical system;
the wire feeding system comprises a wire feeding pipe (9), a wire feeding wheel (10) and a wire feeding nozzle (11), wherein the wire feeding pipe (9) is embedded in the inner wall of the center of the machining head, the wire feeding nozzle (11) is positioned below the wire feeding pipe (9), the wire feeding wheel (10) is arranged between the wire feeding pipe (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11), the wire feeding pipe (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11) are arranged concentrically, and a welding wire channel is arranged inside the wire feeding pipe and the wire feeding nozzle;
the optical system comprises a collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic spectroscope module (4) and a reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the collimating mirror module (3) and the prismatic spectroscope module (4) are located in a group, the collimating mirror module (3) and the prismatic spectroscope module (4) are sequentially located on a path through which light passes, the two reflecting focusing mirror modules (5) are located on two sides of a welding wire (8), and the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is located at a position where light split by the prismatic spectroscope module (4) can be received.
The reflecting focusing mirror modules (5) are symmetrically arranged by taking the wire feeding system as a center.
The upper end of the wire feeding nozzle (11) is provided with a plurality of protective gas through holes (12).
The optical module comprises a fixed collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic spectroscope module (4) and an adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is a reflecting focusing mirror capable of changing the distance between double focuses.
The single laser beam forms a crossed double-parallel laser beam after passing through the prismatic spectroscope module (4) to surround the wire feeding system, enter the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) and be focused on one point of a processing plane.
The wire feeding wheel (10) is synchronously controlled with an external wire feeder, and wire feeding and wire drawing are regulated through the wire feeding wheel.
A double-focus center wire feeding laser processing method is characterized in that: the laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber is focused on the surface of a workpiece to form a molten pool after passing through the optical module to form double laser beams, and the wire is vertically fed into the molten pool between the double laser beams through a wire feeding system of coaxial protective gas, so that the laser processing process of single-beam double-focus central wire feeding is realized.
The advantages and effects are as follows:
the invention aims to solve the problem that the defects of the common laser welding and laser rapid forming method are overcome, and provides a single-beam double-focus center wire feeding laser processing head and a processing method thereof, so that the coaxiality of laser beams and wire materials (powder) and the consistency of processing quality are ensured, the processing efficiency, the material utilization rate and the surface processing quality are improved, and the interference problem in the movement process of the laser processing head is avoided.
The invention relates to a wire feeding system in a double-focus center wire feeding laser processing head, which comprises a wire feeding pipe (9), a wire feeding wheel (10) and a wire feeding nozzle (11), wherein the wire feeding pipe (9) is embedded in the center inner wall of the processing head, the bottom end of the wire feeding pipe (9) is connected with the wire feeding nozzle (11) through the wire feeding wheel (10), the wire feeding pipe (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11) are arranged concentrically, and welding wire channels with different diameters are arranged inside the wire feeding pipe and the wire feeding nozzle; the optical system comprises a collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic spectroscope module (4) and a reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the collimating mirror module (3) and the prismatic focusing mirror module (4) are positioned in one group, the wire feeding system and the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) are positioned in one group, the two groups are combined into the laser processing whole, and the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is symmetrically arranged by taking the wire feeding system as a center; the welding wire (8) is sent to one point of the surface of the workpiece through the wire feeding pipe (9), the wire feeding wheel (10) and the wire feeding nozzle (11), and laser beams transmitted by the lateral optical fibers are focused on two sides of the point through the optical system.
The upper end of the wire feeding nozzle (11) is provided with a plurality of protective gas through holes to form a gas channel, and the gas channel is connected with an external protective gas source and fully wraps around a molten pool formed by melting wires. The wire feeding wheel (10) is synchronously controlled with an external wire feeder, and wire feeding and wire drawing can be adjusted through the wire feeding wheel. The optical module comprises a fixed collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic spectroscope module (4) and an adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5), and the adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5) manually changes the distance between double focuses through the rotation of a side screw knob.
The laser processing method of the invention comprises the following steps: the laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber enables the single laser beam to form double parallel laser beams symmetrically through the optical module, and the double parallel laser beams are transmitted laterally by bypassing the filament feeding head (7) and focused in the processing plane to form a molten pool. The formed double laser beams are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the wire feeding mechanism, so that a single-beam double-focus central wire feeding laser processing mode is realized.
Compared with other laser processing heads, the method has the following advantages:
1. the single-beam laser can be focused on the processing surface through the optical module to form double laser beams surrounding the two sides of the wire material, and the laser processing mode of double-focus central wire feeding is realized. The consistency of the laser processing head along different directions and postures is ensured, the laser processing quality is improved, and meanwhile, the problem of interference during the processing of complex parts is avoided.
2. The protective gas is vertically and uniformly blown to a molten pool by the wire feeding nozzle (11) of the laser processing head, the protective effect is better, and the problems of adjustment and interference of side shaft gas feeding are avoided. The wire feeding wheel (10) acts on the pressure of the welding wire, so that the straightness of the welding wire (8) is improved, and the processing and forming quality is ensured.
3. The adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5) controls the angle of the module through up-and-down rotation of a manual screw, and the light beam reflection angle is changed to complete adjustment of the distance between the light wires.
4. The multifunctional laser processing head with two functions of double-focus central wire feeding and powder feeding can be realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural cross-sectional view of a double-focus center-wire-feed laser welding head according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wire feed head of a dual focus center wire feed laser welding head of the present invention.
In fig. 1: the device comprises 1-optical fiber, 2-laser beam, 3-collimating mirror module, 4-prismatic spectroscope module, 5-reflection focusing mirror module, 6-reflection focusing mirror knob, 7-wire feeding head and 8-welding wire.
In fig. 2: 9-wire feeding pipe, 10-wire feeding wheel, 11-wire feeding nozzle and 12-protective gas channel.
Detailed Description
A bifocal central wire feed laser processing head comprising a wire feed system and an optical system;
the wire feeding system comprises a wire feeding pipe (9), a wire feeding wheel (10) and a wire feeding nozzle (11), wherein the wire feeding pipe (9) is embedded in the inner wall of the center of the machining head, the wire feeding nozzle (11) is positioned below the wire feeding pipe (9), the wire feeding wheel (10) is arranged between the wire feeding pipe (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11), the bottom end of the wire feeding pipe (9) is connected with the wire feeding nozzle (11) through the wire feeding wheel (10), the wire feeding pipe (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11) are concentrically arranged, and welding wire channels with different diameters (the diameter of welding wires is thick and thin, so the welding wire channels also have thick and thin scores);
the optical system comprises a collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic spectroscope module (4) and a reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the collimating mirror module (3) and the prismatic spectroscope module (4) are located in a group, the collimating mirror module (3) and the prismatic spectroscope module (4) are sequentially located on a path through which light passes, the two reflecting focusing mirror modules (5) are located on two sides of a welding wire (8), and the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is located at a position where light split by the prismatic spectroscope module (4) can be received. The wire feeding system and the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) are positioned in one group, and the two groups are combined into the laser processing whole.
The reflecting focusing mirror modules (5) are symmetrically arranged by taking a wire feeding system as a center (the center of a welding wire (8)); the welding wire (8) is fed to one point of the surface of the workpiece through a wire feeding pipe (9), a wire feeding wheel (10) and a wire feeding nozzle (11), and laser beams transmitted by a lateral optical fiber are focused to the point from two sides through an optical system.
Send silk mouth (11) upper end to have a plurality of protective gas through-holes (12) (the gas that this through-hole goes out is sent from top to bottom with the hollow inside in wire feeding system center, and 12 links to each other with the outer wall, and its structure is similar to the shape of drilling around the disk, sets up around sending silk mouth (11) center), forms gas passage, and links to each other with external protective gas source, fully wraps up around the silk material melts the molten bath that forms, avoids processing surface oxidation and establishes the interference and the asynchronous problem of protection air cock in addition.
The optical module comprises a fixed collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic spectroscope module (4) and an adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is a reflecting focusing mirror capable of changing the distance between double focuses. For example, the distance between the two focuses can be manually changed by rotating the side screw button, and the structure principle of the device can be the same as that of an automobile exterior rearview mirror adjusting structure, and the device can be manually operated or electrically operated.
The single laser beam forms a crossed double-parallel laser beam after passing through the prismatic spectroscope module (4) to surround the wire feeding system, enter the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) and be focused on one point of a processing plane.
The adjustable reflection focusing mirror can rotate up and down by a manual screw to control the angle, and the reflection angle of the laser beam is changed to complete the control of the distance between the optical fibers. As mentioned above, the structure principle can adopt the structure similar to that of the automobile outer rear-view mirror adjusting structure, and the structure can be manual or electric.
The single laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber passes through the optical system, and then the double laser beams focused on the surface of the workpiece can be coincided with the point from the wire material to the surface of the workpiece.
The wire feeding wheel (10) is synchronously controlled with an external wire feeder, and wire feeding and wire drawing are regulated through the wire feeding wheel.
A double-focus central wire feeding laser processing method is characterized in that laser beams transmitted by optical fibers are focused on the surface of a workpiece to form a molten pool after passing through an optical module to form double laser beams, wires are vertically fed into the molten pool between the double laser beams through a wire feeding system of coaxial protective gas, and the single-beam double-focus central wire feeding laser processing process is realized. The laser processing heads can be arranged on the welding robot and the multi-axis linkage machine tool.
The wire feeding system can be disassembled and installed, the double-beam center powder feeding laser processing method is realized, and the wire feeding system can be used for laser rapid forming processes such as laser cladding, laser 3D printing and the like. (the welding wire is drawn out and inserted into a powder feeding pipe which is connected with an external powder feeder)
The invention relates to a wire feeding system in a double-focus center wire feeding laser processing head, which comprises a wire feeding pipe (9), a wire feeding wheel (10) and a wire feeding nozzle (11), wherein the wire feeding pipe (9) is embedded in the center inner wall of the processing head, the bottom end of the wire feeding pipe (9) is connected with the wire feeding nozzle (11) through the wire feeding wheel (10), the wire feeding pipe (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11) are concentrically arranged, welding wire channels with different diameters are arranged in the wire feeding pipe and the wire feeding nozzle (11), a plurality of protective gas through holes are formed in the wire feeding nozzle (11), a gas channel is formed and is connected with an external protective gas source and fully wraps the periphery of a molten pool formed by melting wires, the wire feeding wheel (10) and an external wire feeding machine are synchronously controlled, and wire feeding and wire drawing can be; the optical system comprises a fixed collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic spectroscope module (4) and an adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5) controls the angle by rotating a manual screw up and down, and the reflecting angle of a laser beam is changed to control the distance between the light wires. Wherein the collimating mirror module (3) and the prismatic spectroscope module (4) are positioned in a group, the wire feeding system and the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) are positioned in a group, the two groups are combined into the laser processing whole, and the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is arranged symmetrically by taking the wire feeding system as the center; the welding wire (8) is sent to one point of the surface of the workpiece through the wire feeding pipe (9), the wire feeding wheel (10) and the wire feeding nozzle (11), and laser beams transmitted by the lateral optical fibers are focused on two sides of the point through the optical system. The laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber is focused on the surface of a workpiece to form a molten pool after passing through the optical module to form double laser beams, and the wire is vertically fed into the molten pool between the double laser beams through a wire feeding system of coaxial protective gas, so that the laser processing process of single-light-speed double-focus central wire feeding is realized.
The invention relates to a processing method of a double-focus center wire feeding laser processing head, which comprises the following steps:
the laser processing head can be arranged on a welding robot or a multi-axis linkage machine tool, a workpiece to be processed is fixed at a processing position by adopting a clamp, fed wires are vertically sent to the surface of the workpiece and the straightness of the workpiece is ensured by adjusting the clamping force of a wire feeding wheel in a wire feeding system, and after the focus position is determined, the distance between a laser beam and the wires is determined by adjusting a side knob (6) of a reflecting focusing mirror module. The processing path and the processing speed are determined by programming of a welding robot or a multi-axis linkage machine tool, and the laser processing process can be completed by adjusting the output power of the laser. The wire feeding system in the laser processing head is disassembled, the powder feeding system is installed, and the laser rapid prototyping processing process can be completed by setting the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a double focus center send a laser beam machining head which characterized in that: the processing head comprises a wire feeding system and an optical system;
the wire feeding system comprises a wire feeding pipe (9), a wire feeding wheel (10) and a wire feeding nozzle (11), wherein the wire feeding pipe (9) is embedded in the inner wall of the center of the machining head, the wire feeding nozzle (11) is positioned below the wire feeding pipe (9), the wire feeding wheel (10) is arranged between the wire feeding pipe (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11), the wire feeding pipe (9) and the wire feeding nozzle (11) are arranged concentrically, and a welding wire channel is arranged inside the wire feeding pipe and the wire feeding nozzle;
the optical system comprises a collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic spectroscope module (4) and a reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the collimating mirror module (3) and the prismatic spectroscope module (4) are located in a group, the collimating mirror module (3) and the prismatic spectroscope module (4) are sequentially located on a path through which light passes, the two reflecting focusing mirror modules (5) are located on two sides of a welding wire (8), and the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is located at a position where light split by the prismatic spectroscope module (4) can be received.
2. A bifocal center wire feed laser machining head according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reflecting focusing mirror modules (5) are symmetrically arranged by taking the wire feeding system as a center.
3. A bifocal center wire feed laser machining head according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper end of the wire feeding nozzle (11) is provided with a plurality of protective gas through holes (12).
4. A bifocal center wire feed laser machining head according to claim 1, characterized in that: the optical module comprises a fixed collimating mirror module (3), a prismatic spectroscope module (4) and an adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5), wherein the adjustable reflecting focusing mirror module (5) is a reflecting focusing mirror capable of changing the distance between double focuses.
5. A bifocal center wire feed laser machining head according to claim 1, characterized in that: the single laser beam forms a crossed double-parallel laser beam after passing through the prismatic spectroscope module (4) to surround the wire feeding system, enter the reflecting focusing mirror module (5) and be focused on one point of a processing plane.
6. A bifocal center wire feed laser machining head according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wire feeding wheel (10) is synchronously controlled with an external wire feeder, and wire feeding and wire drawing are regulated through the wire feeding wheel.
7. A double-focus center wire feeding laser processing method is characterized in that: the laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber is focused on the surface of a workpiece to form a molten pool after passing through the optical module to form double laser beams, and the wire is vertically fed into the molten pool between the double laser beams through a wire feeding system of coaxial protective gas, so that the laser processing process of single-beam double-focus central wire feeding is realized.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113231741A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-08-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | Laser welding device and method based on annular facula coaxial wire feeding |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113231741A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-08-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | Laser welding device and method based on annular facula coaxial wire feeding |
| CN113231741B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-04-19 | 南京航空航天大学 | Laser welding device and method based on annular facula coaxial wire feeding |
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