CN113102781A - Three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding system - Google Patents
Three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113102781A CN113102781A CN202110427777.6A CN202110427777A CN113102781A CN 113102781 A CN113102781 A CN 113102781A CN 202110427777 A CN202110427777 A CN 202110427777A CN 113102781 A CN113102781 A CN 113102781A
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 171
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 165
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding system which comprises a three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle, a laser, a robot, a first cladding material conveying device, a second cladding material conveying device, a nitrogen machine and a water cooling device, wherein laser output by the laser converts incident laser into three hollow beams through the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle; the robot can control the movement track of the cladding nozzle through the controller; the cladding material conveying equipment conveys the cladding material to a cladding area through a cladding nozzle and ensures the precise coupling of light and the cladding material; the nitrogen machine conveys the manufactured nitrogen to a cladding area through a cladding nozzle, and the nitrogen is coaxial with cladding materials through an internal channel, so that the accurate coupling of light, the cladding materials and gas is ensured, a formed part is prevented from being oxidized, and lenses in the cladding nozzle are protected; the water cooling device mainly conveys cooling water to the laser and the lens inside the cladding nozzle, so that the optical lens is ensured to be cooled in time, and the damage is prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a laser cladding system.
Background
Laser cladding is a laser surface modification technology, which is characterized in that cladding materials (powder feeding, wire feeding, presetting and the like) are added on the surface of a workpiece (or a substrate material), the cladding materials and a thin-layer metal on the surface of the substrate rapidly reach a molten state through high-energy density laser heating, and at the moment, the cladding materials and the thin-layer metal are rapidly solidified and crystallized into a cladding layer by means of heat conduction of the workpiece per se so as to obtain a modified layer or a repairing layer which is metallurgically bonded with the substrate material, has low dilution rate and has various characteristics. Compared with traditional surface treatment technologies such as surfacing, thermal spraying, electroplating and the like, the method has the advantages of wide applicable material system, controllable dilution rate of the cladding layer, metallurgical bonding of the cladding layer and the substrate, small thermal deformation of the substrate, easy realization of automation of the process and the like. Therefore, since the 80 s in the 20 th century, the laser cladding technology has gained wide attention at home and abroad and has been applied to various industrial fields.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-beam wire powder mixing laser cladding system which can ensure that the heat is uniform when cladding materials are melted, is beneficial to improving the metallurgical bonding of a cladding layer and a workpiece, and can improve the surface quality and obtain smaller dilution rate. By changing the combination (wire and powder) of cladding materials, the laser cladding of multiple materials is realized, and the quality and the mechanical property of a formed part are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding system comprises a workbench for placing a workpiece, a controller, a robot, a laser, a water cooling device, first cladding material conveying equipment, a nitrogen machine and second cladding material conveying equipment, wherein a three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle is arranged above the workbench; the controller is connected with the robot, the laser, the water cooling device, the first cladding material conveying equipment, the nitrogen machine and the second cladding material conveying equipment and is used for controlling the operation of each equipment; the robot is connected with the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding spray head to control the movement track of the spray head, so that the movement in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis space is realized; the laser emits a laser beam, and the laser beam is converted into three beams by the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle and is projected onto the workpiece; the first cladding material conveying equipment conveys a first cladding material to the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle and conveys the first cladding material to the workpiece through the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle; the second cladding material conveying equipment conveys a second cladding material to the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle and conveys the second cladding material to the workpiece through the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle; the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle focuses the three beams on the workpiece to form a cladding area, and simultaneously conveys the first cladding material and the second cladding material to the cladding area; the water cooling device conveys cooling water to the laser and the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle; and the nitrogen machine conveys the manufactured nitrogen to the cladding area through the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle.
Furthermore, three-beam silk powder mixes laser cladding shower nozzle includes a support frame, the support frame top is provided with a prism and three focusing mirror, and is three focusing mirror circumference is arranged the three light path of throwing of prism lie in on the support frame the reflex optics below has been seted up and has been reflected the light through-hole, through prism and three focusing mirror will be incident laser beam reflection three-beam and pass through the reflex light through-hole is thrown and is focused on the work piece, the support frame below is fixed with one and is used for carrying the nozzle of first cladding material.
Furthermore, a material channel connecting support is installed below the nozzle, a nozzle channel is arranged at the central position of the material channel connecting support, the nozzle is arranged in the nozzle channel, three material pipelines for conveying the second cladding material are arranged around the nozzle channel, the material pipelines are fixed in the material channel connecting support, three reflected light channels are further formed in the material channel connecting support, the three reflected light channels are sequentially arranged between every two three material pipelines, and the three light beams are projected and focused on the workpiece through the corresponding reflected light channels; the nozzle and the three material conduits are arranged coaxially with the three beams, respectively.
Preferably, the defocusing amount of the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle is negative defocusing; the distance between the focal points of the three light beams and the vertical direction of the surface of the workpiece is the defocusing amount; the focus is located below the surface of the workpiece and is negative defocusing.
Preferably, the three beams are projected onto the workpiece to form three independent light spots, the circumscribed circles of the three light spots can envelop the areas where the first cladding material and the second cladding material are located, and the first cladding material and the second cladding material are located outside the three independent light spots.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the system laser outputs laser beams, and the incident lasers are converted into hollow three beams through an internal light path conversion system of the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle; the robot can control the movement track of the cladding nozzle through the controller to realize the movement in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis spaces; the cladding material conveying equipment can convey the cladding material to the cladding area through the inner channel of the cladding nozzle, and the precise coupling of light and the cladding material is ensured through the position relation of the inner channel and the light spot; the nitrogen machine conveys the manufactured nitrogen to a cladding area through an inner channel of the cladding nozzle, and is coaxial with cladding materials through the inner channel, so that accurate coupling of light, wires and gas is ensured, a formed part is prevented from being oxidized, and lenses in the cladding nozzle are protected; the water cooling device mainly conveys cooling water to the laser and the lens inside the cladding nozzle, so that the optical lens is ensured to be cooled in time, and the damage is prevented.
2. In the system, three material pipelines (powder or wire), three light beams (light spots) and a nozzle (powder or wire) are coaxially arranged, so that the uniform heat is ensured when the wire or powder is melted, the metallurgical bonding of a cladding layer and a base material is improved, the surface quality of the cladding layer is improved, and the smaller dilution rate is obtained.
3. The middle channel of the nozzle can convey powder or wire materials, the three peripheral channels can convey the powder or wire materials, the wire materials and the powder can be conveyed to a molten pool at the same time, full fusion of light, wire and powder is realized, metallurgical bonding is improved, and high-quality cladding layer forming is realized; and the simultaneous melting of various materials and the formation of a high-performance cladding layer can be realized by changing the types of the materials and the mass ratio of the materials during the material conveying.
4. According to the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle, the outer diameter of a light spot is far larger than the diameter of a cladding material (wire/powder mixture) in a negative defocusing state, the requirement on the position precision of the wire/powder mixture transmission in the laser cladding process is relatively low, and the laser energy acting on the wire/powder mixture in the negative defocusing state is more reasonable than the laser energy in the focus and the positive defocusing state, so that the high concentration of the laser energy is avoided, and a cladding layer with higher quality can be obtained more easily by the negative defocusing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system architecture diagram of a three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding contact head according to the present invention; wherein, (a) is an assembly drawing; (b) is an exploded view.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating different defocus amounts defined by the present invention; wherein, (a) is a schematic diagram under a negative defocus condition, (b) is a schematic diagram under a focus condition, and (c) is a schematic diagram under a positive defocus condition.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a relationship between a light spot and a cladding material; the laser device comprises a laser source, a laser source.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, and furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, a three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding system includes a worktable 9 for placing a workpiece 10, and is characterized in that: a three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle 11, a controller 12, a robot 13, a laser 14, a water cooling device 15, a first cladding material conveying device 16, a nitrogen machine 17 and a second cladding material conveying device 18 are arranged above the workbench 10; the controller 12 is connected to the robot 13, the laser 14, the water cooling device 15, the first cladding material conveying equipment 16, the nitrogen machine 17 and the second cladding material conveying equipment 18, and is used for controlling the operation of each equipment; the robot 13 is connected with the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle 11 to control the movement track of the nozzle, so that the movement of the nozzle in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis space is realized; the laser 14 emits a laser beam, and the laser beam passes through the three-beam wire powder mixing laser cladding nozzle 11 to convert an incident laser beam 201 into three beams 202 to be projected onto the workpiece 10; the first cladding material conveying equipment 16 conveys a first cladding material 101 to the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle 11, and conveys the first cladding material to the workpiece 10 through the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle 11; the second cladding material conveying equipment 18 conveys a second cladding material 102 to the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle 11, and conveys the second cladding material to the workpiece 10 through the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle 11; the three-beam wire powder mixing laser cladding nozzle 11 focuses the three beams 202 on the workpiece 10 to form a cladding area 103, and simultaneously conveys the first cladding material 101 and the second cladding material 102 to the cladding area 104; the water cooling device 15 conveys cooling water to the laser 14 and the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle 11; and the nitrogen machine 17 conveys the manufactured nitrogen to the cladding area 104 through the three-beam wire powder mixing laser cladding nozzle 11.
Referring to fig. 2a and 2b, the three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding nozzle 11 includes a support frame 1, a triple prism 2 and three focusing mirrors 3 are disposed above the support frame 1, the three focusing mirrors 3 are circumferentially disposed on three projection light paths of the triple prism 2, a reflected light through hole 103 is disposed below the focusing mirror 3 on the support frame 1, an incident laser beam 201 is reflected by the triple prism 2 and the three focusing mirrors 3 into three beams 202, and the three beams 202 are projected and focused onto the workpiece 10 through the reflected light through hole 103, and a nozzle 4 for conveying the first cladding material 101 is fixed below the support frame 1. A material channel connecting support 5 is installed below the nozzle 4, a nozzle channel 502 is arranged at the central position of the material channel connecting support 5, the nozzle 4 is arranged in the nozzle channel 502, three material pipelines 6 for conveying the second cladding material 102 are arranged around the nozzle channel 502, the material pipelines 6 are fixed in the material channel connecting support 5, three reflected light channels 503 are further arranged on the material channel connecting support 5, the three reflected light channels 503 are sequentially arranged between every two three material pipelines 6, and the three light beams are respectively projected and focused onto the workpiece 10 through the corresponding reflected light channels 503; the nozzle 4 and the three material conduits 6 are arranged coaxially with the three light beams 202, respectively.
Further, the material passage connecting bracket 5 is detachably connected to the nozzle 4.
Further, a cavity is arranged in the material channel connecting support 5, and the cavity is connected with the water cooling device 15 through a water inlet 501 and a water outlet 501 ', and 501'.
Example 1:
the first cladding material 101 is powder or wire material; the second cladding material 102 is powder.
Example 2:
the first cladding material 101 is powder or wire material; the second cladding material 102 is a wire.
Example 3:
the first cladding material 101 is powder or wire material; the second cladding material 102 is powder or wire.
Further, the second cladding material 102 conveyed in the three material pipes 6 may be the same or different.
Example 4:
in this embodiment, the laser 14 is an IPG YLS-2000-TR fiber laser, the robot 13 is a KR 60 HA type KUKA industrial robot, and the first cladding material conveying device 16 is a miller S-74S type industrial wire feeder.
The system of the embodiment realizes 'three-beam light inner coaxial feeding of cladding materials', and the coupling relation of laser cladding forming light and cladding materials is mainly determined by the coaxiality of light and cladding materials, the axial relative position of a cladding layer or a workpiece and a light spot, and the radial size of the light spot and a wire/powder mixed material. Researches show that the guide wire or the powder nozzle in the cladding nozzle is respectively designed to be coaxial with the three beams, the manufacturing errors and the assembly errors of parts between the three beams and the feeding channel can be made up by adjusting the angle of the focusing mirror and the position of the feeding channel (cladding material), and the spatial positions of the three beams and the cladding material are ensured to be coaxial.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the defocus amount is defined as the distance between the focal points of the three beams with respect to the vertical direction of the workpiece surface, and the focal point is located on the workpiece surface to define the defocus amount as zero, as shown in fig. 3 (b); the focus point directly above the workpiece surface is defined as a positive defocus, as shown in fig. 3(c), and the focus point directly below the workpiece surface is defined as a negative defocus, as shown in fig. 3 (a). The defocusing amount change directly influences the size and energy distribution change of a light spot, the characteristics of the light spot directly determine the matching relation between the energy of a molten pool and the energy required by melting the cladding material, and the coupling relation of the optical cladding material is discussed from the following three defocusing amount position conditions:
(1) negative defocus condition
As shown in fig. 4, the area formed by the cladding material is located inside the circular area surrounded by the three light spots, and it can be known from the above definition that the negative defocused light spots are distributed in two states: a completely separated state as shown in fig. 4(a) and a partially overlapped state as shown in fig. 4 (b). When the three spots are in a fully separated state: the cladding material completely enters a no-light zone surrounded by the three beams, when the temperature of a molten pool in the zone does not reach the melting point of the cladding material, the cladding material cannot be melted and cannot form a cladding layer, and when the temperature of the molten pool in the zone is higher than the melting point of the cladding material, the cladding material is melted and forms the cladding layer. When the three light spots are in a partially overlapped state, the cladding material completely enters a three-light-beam overlapped area, compared with a three-light-beam separated state, the same input power and action time are achieved, the temperature of the coaxially overlapped area with the cladding material is higher than the temperature of the coaxially non-light area in the light-spot separated state, the temperature of the coaxially overlapped area with the cladding material can reach the melting point of the cladding material more easily, but the cladding material still cannot be melted when the temperature of the coaxially overlapped area with the cladding material does not reach the melting point of the cladding material, the cladding material is likely to be melted and form a cladding layer when the temperature of the cladding material is higher than the melting point of the cladding material, and an overburning phenomenon and.
(2) Focal condition
The cladding material and the single circular light spot are coaxially intersected, when the focal position is reached, the three light spots are completely overlapped together to form a single light spot, as shown in fig. 4(c), the cladding material is correspondingly intersected with the center of the single light spot, the cladding material needs to pass through a certain distance from the spray head to the molten pool, certain deflection of the cladding material can exist in the transmission process, and when the deflection of the cladding material exceeds the size of the light spot, the cladding material is easy to melt unstably and is difficult to form a high-quality cladding layer due to the fact that the diameter of the light spot at the focal position is small; meanwhile, the capacity density of the focal position is extremely high, so that the energy of a molten pool is large, and the phenomenon of overburning or the formation of a continuous, uniform and smooth cladding layer in the melting process of the cladding material can be caused. Therefore, when the focus position is in the focus position, the tolerance capability is weaker, the process window is small, and the stability of the position precision is more sensitive than that of the negative defocusing state.
(3) Positive defocus condition
The cladding material firstly passes through the spot focus position and then enters the surface of the workpiece or the surface of the cladding layer, the spot directly acts on the outer surface of the cladding material, and similarly, because the spot size at the focus position is small, the position precision of the cladding material in the transmission process is sensitive compared with the negative defocusing position, the cladding material slightly deflects, and the insufficient coupling of light and the cladding material is aggravated. The high energy density laser beam at the focus is completely irradiated on the cladding material, the energy required by the melting of the cladding material is usually exceeded, the temperature of the cladding material is easily reached to the melting point temperature, even the overburning phenomenon is generated, and a continuous high-quality cladding layer cannot be formed.
The preliminary analysis of the coupling relationship between the three lights and the cladding material can be known as follows: the outer diameter of a light spot in the negative defocusing state is far larger than the diameter of a cladding material, the requirement on the position precision of the transmission of the cladding material in the laser cladding process is relatively low, and the laser energy acting on the cladding material in the negative defocusing state is more reasonable than the distribution of the laser energy in the positive defocusing state, so that the high concentration of the laser energy is avoided, and the negative defocusing is easier to obtain a cladding layer with higher quality. The primary analysis of the position and energy coupling of light and the cladding material also needs to establish a model of the energy relationship between the energy provided by the laser beam and the energy required by melting the wire/powder mixture, and deeply analyzes the coupling relationship between the light and the cladding material.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a three beam silk powder hybrid laser cladding systems, includes a workstation (9) that is used for placing work piece (10), its characterized in that: a three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle (11), a controller (12), a robot (13), a laser (14), a water cooling device (15), first cladding material conveying equipment (16), a nitrogen machine (17) and second cladding material conveying equipment (18) are arranged above the workbench (10);
the controller (12) is connected with the robot (13), the laser (14), the water cooling device (15), the first cladding material conveying equipment (16), the nitrogen machine (17) and the second cladding material conveying equipment (18) and is used for controlling the operation of all the equipment;
the robot (13) is connected with the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle (11) to control the motion track of the nozzle, so that the motion of the nozzle in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis space is realized;
the laser (14) emits laser beams, and the incident laser beams (201) are converted into three beams (202) through the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle (11) and are projected onto the workpiece (10);
the first cladding material conveying equipment (16) conveys a first cladding material (101) to the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle (11), and the first cladding material is conveyed to the workpiece (10) through the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle (11);
the second cladding material conveying equipment (18) conveys a second cladding material (102) to the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle (11), and the second cladding material is conveyed to the workpiece (10) through the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle (11);
the three-beam wire powder mixing laser cladding nozzle (11) focuses the three beams (202) on the workpiece (10) to form a cladding area (103), and simultaneously conveys the first cladding material (101) and the second cladding material (102) to the cladding area (104);
the water cooling device (15) conveys cooling water to the laser (14) and the three-beam wire powder mixing laser cladding nozzle (11);
and the nitrogen machine (17) conveys the manufactured nitrogen to the cladding area (104) through the three-beam wire powder mixing laser cladding nozzle (11).
2. The three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding system of claim 1, wherein: three-beam silk powder mixes laser cladding shower nozzle (11) includes a support frame (1), support frame (1) top is provided with a prism (2) and three focusing mirror (3), and is three focusing mirror (3) circumference is arranged the three light path of throwing of prism (2) lie in on support frame (1) reflection light through-hole (103) have been seted up to focusing mirror (3) below, through prism (2) and three focusing mirror (3) reflect into three beams (202) with incident laser beam (201) and pass through reflection light through-hole (103) are thrown and are focused on work piece (10), support frame (1) below is fixed with one and is used for carrying nozzle (4) of first cladding material (101).
3. The three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding system of claim 2, wherein: a material channel connecting support (5) is installed below the nozzle (4), a nozzle channel (502) is arranged at the central position of the material channel connecting support (5), the nozzle (4) is arranged in the nozzle channel (502), three material pipelines (6) used for conveying the second cladding material (102) are arranged around the nozzle channel (502), the material pipelines (6) are fixed in the material channel connecting support (5), three reflection light channels (503) are also arranged on the material channel connecting support (5), the three reflection light channels (503) are sequentially arranged between every two three material pipelines (6), and the three light beams are projected and focused on the workpiece (10) through the corresponding reflection light channels (503); the nozzle (4) and the three material conduits (6) are arranged coaxially with the three light beams (202), respectively.
4. The three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding system of claim 3, wherein: the material channel connecting bracket (5) is detachably connected to the nozzle (4).
5. The three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding system of claim 3, wherein: a cavity is arranged in the material channel connecting bracket (5), and the cavity is connected with the water cooling device (15) through a water inlet and a water outlet (501, 501').
6. The three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the defocusing amount of the three-beam wire powder mixed laser cladding nozzle (11) is negative defocusing; the distance between the focal points of the three light beams (202) and the vertical direction of the surface of the workpiece is a defocusing amount; the focus is located below the surface of the workpiece (10) and is negative defocusing.
7. The three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding system of claim 6, wherein: the three beams (202) are projected on the workpiece (10) to form three independent light spots (105), the circumscribed circle (106) of the three light spots (105) can envelop the areas where the first cladding material (101) and the second cladding material (102) are located, and the first cladding material (101) and the second cladding material (102) are located outside the three independent light spots (105).
8. The three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the first cladding material (101) is powder or wire material.
9. The three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding system of any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: the second cladding material (102) is powder or wire.
10. The three-beam wire powder hybrid laser cladding system of claim 9, wherein: the second cladding material (102) conveyed in the three material ducts (6) may be the same or different.
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