CN116174892A - Programmable laser welding focusing system - Google Patents
Programmable laser welding focusing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116174892A CN116174892A CN202310160772.0A CN202310160772A CN116174892A CN 116174892 A CN116174892 A CN 116174892A CN 202310160772 A CN202310160772 A CN 202310160772A CN 116174892 A CN116174892 A CN 116174892A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
- B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Abstract
The invention discloses a programmable laser welding focusing system, which relates to the technical field of laser welding, wherein a laser emission head is used for emitting parallel laser beams; the focusing module comprises a fixed shell, a guide post, a ball screw, a supporting seat and a focusing lens, wherein the fixed shell is fixedly connected with the transmitting end of the laser transmitting head, the guide post is fixedly connected with the fixed shell, the screw is in running fit with the fixed shell, the supporting seat is fixedly connected with a nut in the ball screw and is sleeved on the guide post in a sliding way, and the focusing lens is arranged on the supporting seat; the focus motion control system comprises a driving device, a transmission mechanism, a control module and three sensors, wherein the driving device can drive a screw rod to rotate through the transmission mechanism; the sensor is in signal connection with the control module. An operator sets a focus position movement track according to the thickness of a workpiece to be welded and by programming the PLC in the programmable laser welding focusing system, so that the focus position of a laser beam can be automatically adjusted in the working process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a programmable laser welding focusing system.
Background
Welding is a widely used method for connecting structures in many industries, and laser welding is an advanced welding method and is also the most important manufacturing method. The laser welding is a high-precision welding method which uses a laser beam with high energy density as a heat source, and has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, easiness in operation and the like. Nowadays, with the generation of high-power lasers, laser welding is widely applied to occasions such as shipbuilding, metallurgy, automobiles, aerospace, light industry and the like, and is suitable for welding various materials and various plate-thickness materials.
The laser welding is a fusion welding process using laser as a heat source, and the basic principle is that a laser beam emitted by a laser forms extremely high power density on a workpiece to be welded through a collimating focusing lens, so that the surface of the workpiece is heated and melted, gaps of joints of the welded workpiece are filled, welding seams are formed, and good connection is realized. In practice, the laser beam is focused to vaporize the metal and the recoil pressure of the metal vapor creates pinholes in the molten metal bath. At this time, the pressure of the metal vapor can block the molten metal around, so that the small holes are always in an opening state in the whole welding process, the melt absorbs laser energy, the focused laser beam and the deep-melting hole are continuously welded along the welding direction, the welding workpiece is continuously melted before the deep-melting hole, and the welding workpiece is re-solidified into a welding line.
The focal position of the laser beam controls the final quality of the weld when welding different materials, especially the case of butt joints of thick plates is more sensitive. When the distance of the laser beam focus is short, high energy density can be obtained during welding, the light spots are small, and the gap requirement between workpieces is small; when the focal distance is longer, certain energy density can be maintained, and the positioning accuracy of the welding joint is lower. The difference in focal position will cause the laser power density acting on the workpiece surface to vary greatly, thereby greatly affecting the weld quality.
In laser welding, the focal position of the laser beam is critical. The width and depth of the welding seam are directly influenced by the change of the relative positions of the focus and the surface of the welding workpiece, and the excessive or insufficient focus position can cause serious collapse or incomplete penetration of the welding seam, unstable welding pool and poor welding quality. Under the conventional condition, when the flat welding is carried out, the focal position is generally fixed, and the focal position can be adjusted by adopting a mode of adjusting the defocusing amount or adopting a manual focusing system, so that the focal position does not need to be changed along with the thickness change of a welding surface.
Patent CN105414748A discloses that horizontal rotation and vertical vibration of the laser focus (relative to the workpiece surface) can be achieved by rotation of the wedge mirror and vibration of the focusing lens, respectively; however, when welding a workpiece with a variable cross section, the fixing of the focal position will affect the welding effect and even will cause welding failure; for thick plate welding with variable cross section, the focal position needs to be automatically adjusted according to plates with different thicknesses, so that larger penetration can be obtained, the welding seam is well formed, and the welding is stable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a programmable laser welding focusing system which solves the problems in the prior art and realizes automatic adjustment of the focal position of a laser beam.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
the invention provides a programmable laser welding focusing system, comprising:
the laser emission head is used for emitting parallel laser beams;
the focusing module comprises a fixed shell, a guide pillar, a ball screw, a supporting seat and a focusing lens, wherein the fixed shell is fixedly connected with the emitting end of the laser emitting head, the axial direction of the guide pillar, the axial direction of a screw rod in the ball screw and the axial direction of the focusing lens are parallel to the parallel laser beams, the guide pillar is fixedly connected with the fixed shell, two ends of the screw rod are respectively in running fit with the fixed shell through bearings, the supporting seat is fixedly connected with a nut in the ball screw and is sleeved on the guide pillar in a sliding manner, the focusing lens is installed on the supporting seat, and the focusing lens is used for focusing the parallel laser beams;
the focal point motion control system comprises a driving device, a transmission mechanism, a control module and three sensors for detecting the position of the focusing lens, wherein the driving device can drive the screw rod to rotate through the transmission mechanism; the sensor is in signal connection with the control module, the control module is used for controlling the operation of the driving device, and the control module adopts a PLC programmable controller.
Preferably, the device further comprises a cooling module; the cooling module comprises a pipeline cooling plate fixedly connected with the programmable focusing module shell and a first radiating fin fixedly arranged on the pipeline cooling plate, a second radiating fin for exchanging heat with the first radiating fin is fixedly arranged on the supporting seat, and the second radiating fin is in sliding fit with the first radiating fin; the cooling device is characterized in that a cooling pipeline is arranged in the pipeline cooling plate, two ends of the cooling pipeline are positioned on the surface of the pipeline cooling plate, and one end of the cooling pipeline is a liquid inlet, and the other end of the cooling pipeline is a liquid outlet.
Preferably, the device further comprises a protective mirror module; the protective lens module comprises a protective lens, a protective lens drawer and a protective lens mounting seat, wherein the protective lens is mounted on the protective lens drawer, the protective lens drawer is in sliding fit with the protective lens mounting seat, and the protective lens mounting seat is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the fixed shell; the protective lens is coaxial with the focusing lens, and laser emitted by the focusing lens can pass through the protective lens.
Preferably, the gas protection device further comprises a gas protection module, wherein the gas protection module comprises an upper protection unit and a lower protection unit;
the upper protection unit comprises a first sleeve and a second sleeve which are coaxially arranged, the first sleeve and the second sleeve are respectively fixedly connected with the bottom end of the protection mirror drawer, the second sleeve is sleeved outside the first sleeve, an annular cavity and an inverted cone annular air outlet hole communicated with the annular cavity are formed between the second sleeve and the first sleeve, and an air inlet hole communicated with the annular cavity is formed in the side wall of the second sleeve;
the lower protection unit comprises an air curtain and a high-pressure protection support frame, the air curtain is fixedly connected with the tooling block through the high-pressure protection support frame, the tooling block is fixedly connected with the transition plate, and the bottom end of the second sleeve is fixedly connected with the transition plate.
Preferably, the driving device adopts a closed loop stepping motor, and the driving device is fixedly connected with the fixed shell; the focus motion control system further comprises a stepping driver, wherein the closed-loop stepping motor is in signal connection with the stepping driver, and the stepping driver is in signal connection with the control module;
the transmission mechanism comprises a first gear, a second gear and a third gear, wherein the first gear is fixedly sleeved on an output shaft of the driving device, the second gear is fixedly sleeved on a gear shaft, the gear shaft is rotationally connected with the fixed shell, the third gear is fixedly sleeved on the screw, and the third gear and the first gear are respectively meshed with the second gear.
Preferably, the transmission mechanism further comprises a gear protection shell fixedly connected with the driving device, and the first gear is located in the gear protection shell.
Preferably, the number of the guide posts is four, and the focusing module further comprises a retainer; the retainer is fixedly connected with the fixed shell, and the guide post is fixedly connected with the retainer.
Preferably, the number of the sensors is three, the three sensors are all inductive proximity switch sensors, and the three inductive proximity switch sensors are sequentially and fixedly arranged on the fixed shell at intervals along the axial direction of the guide post.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the programmable laser welding focusing system can automatically adjust the focal position of the laser beam.
Furthermore, the control module, namely the PLC, controls the closed-loop stepping motor to drive the supporting seat to slide along the guide rod according to a program compiled in advance, and the supporting seat drives the focusing lens to slide, so that the adjustment of the focus position of focusing the parallel laser beams is realized. The programmable laser welding focusing system is used for welding under the condition of optimizing technological parameters, the movement of the focus position can effectively stabilize the whole process of laser welding, the surface forming of a welding line is improved, air holes and splashes generated during welding are reduced, the stability of a molten pool is improved, and particularly when the thickness of a welding surface is inconsistent, the laser focus automatically adjusts the position of the focus according to different thicknesses, so that the welding is stable, the welding line is formed well, and the welding quality is improved.
The thickness of a workpiece to be welded is measured in advance, the time-dependent change of the focal position of the parallel laser beam focusing is determined according to the thickness of the workpiece to be welded and the moving direction and the moving speed of the focal point of the parallel laser beam focusing relative to the workpiece, the time-dependent change of the focal point position is converted into the time-dependent change of the focal point position relative to the laser emitting head, the time-dependent change of the focal point position is finally converted into the forward and backward rotation of the driving device, and the time when the driving device rotates forward and backward is set by programming a program in a PLC (programmable logic controller), so that the precise control of the track of the focal point position movement is achieved.
Further, the transmission ratio of the first gear to the third gear in the transmission mechanism is 2:1, so that the speed increasing effect can be achieved, and the rotation speed is increased.
Further, the three inductive proximity switch sensors can detect the position of the focusing lens in real time and feed the position back to the control module, so that the control module can know the real-time position of the focusing lens conveniently, and the control module can control the position of the focusing lens accurately conveniently.
Still further, second fin and first fin sliding fit, at supporting seat and focus lens up-and-down motion's in-process, the second fin can always with first fin heat transfer, guarantees that whole journey cools off focus lens through cooling module in the course of the work, and the cooling effect is good.
Still further, the protective lens is used for protecting the focusing lens from sputtering the splashes onto the focusing lens, so as to avoid the damages of the splashes to the focusing lens; the protective lens drawer is in sliding fit with the protective lens mounting seat, and the protective lens can be conveniently replaced after the protective lens drawer is pulled out of the protective lens mounting seat.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a programmable laser welding focusing system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of a programmable laser welding focusing system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a portion of a programmable laser welding focusing system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of the programmable laser welding focusing system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a portion of the programmable laser welding focusing system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a portion of the programmable laser welding focusing system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an air curtain in the programmable laser welding focusing system of the present invention;
1, a programmable laser welding focusing system; 2. a laser emitting head; 3. a focus motion control system; 4. a focusing module; 5. a cooling module; 6. a protection mirror module; 31. a closed loop stepper motor; 32. a gear protective housing; 33. a first gear; 34. a second gear; 35. a third gear; 36. a gear shaft; 41. a focusing lens; 42. a support base; 43. a guide post; 44. a retainer; 45. an upper base; 46. a lower base; 47. a screw; 48. a nut; 49. a second heat sink; 410. a cylindrical housing; 51. a first heat sink; 52. a liquid outlet; 53. a liquid inlet; 54. a duct cooling plate; 56. a tooling block; 57. a high-pressure protection support frame; 58. an air curtain; 581. a round hole; 582. an air outlet hole; 583. protecting the trachea; 61. protecting the lens; 62. a protective mirror drawer; 621. a movable switch; 63. a protective mirror mounting base; 64. a first seal ring; 65. a second seal ring; 66. an air outlet hole; 67. a second sleeve; 68. an air inlet hole; 69. and a transition plate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a programmable laser welding focusing system which solves the problems in the prior art and realizes automatic adjustment of the focal position of a laser beam.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment provides a programmable laser welding focusing system 1 including a laser emitting head 2, a focusing module 4, a focus movement control system 3, a cooling module 5, a protection mirror module 6, and a gas protection module.
The laser emission head 2, the focusing module 4, the protective mirror module 6 and the basic tooling block 56 are fixed together through bolts from top to bottom in sequence; the laser emission head 2 is used for emitting parallel laser beams; the shielding gas adopted in the laser welding is argon, and the shielding gas directly works on the surface of a welding workpiece to protect the molten pool from oxidation.
The focusing module 4 comprises a fixed shell, a guide post 43, a ball screw, a supporting seat 42 and a focusing lens 41, wherein the fixed shell is fixedly connected with the emitting end of the laser emitting head 2, the axial direction of the guide post 43, the axial direction of a screw rod 47 in the ball screw and the axial direction of the focusing lens 41 are parallel to parallel laser beams, the guide post 43 is fixedly connected with the fixed shell, two ends of the screw rod 47 are respectively in running fit with the fixed shell through bearings, the supporting seat 42 is fixedly connected with a nut 48 in the ball screw and is sleeved on the guide post 43 in a sliding manner, and the focusing lens 41 is arranged on the supporting seat 42 and is used for focusing the parallel laser beams;
in the present embodiment, the fixing case includes a cylindrical case 410, an upper base 45 and a lower base 46, the upper base 45 is generally disposed at the top end of the cylindrical case 410, and the lower base 46 is fixedly disposed at the bottom end of the cylindrical case 410; the top end of the ball screw middle screw 47 is in running fit with the upper base 45 through a bearing, and the bottom end of the ball screw middle screw 47 is in running fit with the lower base 46 through a bearing.
In the present embodiment, the number of the guide posts 43 is four, and the focusing module 4 further includes a holder 44; the retainer 44 is fixedly connected with the fixed shell, the top end of the guide post 43 is fixedly connected with the retainer 44 through a bolt, and the bottom end of the guide post 43 is fixedly connected with the lower base 46. The retainer 44 is provided with notches corresponding to the screw 47 and the second gear 34 on the screw 47, and neither the screw 47 nor the second gear 34 interfere with the retainer 44.
In this embodiment, the number of the sensors is three, and the three sensors are all inductive proximity switch sensors, which are sequentially and fixedly arranged on the fixed shell at intervals along the axial direction of the guide post 43. The three inductive proximity switch sensors can detect the position of the focusing lens 41 in real time and feed the position back to the control module, so that the control module can know the real-time position of the focusing lens 41 conveniently, and the control module can control the position of the focusing lens 41 accurately conveniently.
The focus movement control system 3 includes a driving device, a transmission mechanism, a control module, and three inductive proximity switch sensors for detecting the position of the focus lens 41, the driving device being capable of driving the screw 47 to rotate by the transmission mechanism; the sensor is connected with a control module in a signal way, and the control module is used for controlling the operation of the driving device.
In the embodiment, the driving device adopts a closed-loop stepping motor 31, the driving device is fixedly connected with the fixed shell, and the control module adopts a PLC programmable controller; the focus motion control system 3 further comprises a step driver, the closed loop step motor 31 is in signal connection with the step driver, and the step driver is in signal connection with the control module;
the precise control of the locus of the focal position movement is achieved by measuring the thickness of the workpiece to be welded in advance, determining the time-dependent change of the focal position of the parallel laser beam focusing according to the thickness of the workpiece to be welded and the moving direction and moving speed of the focal point of the parallel laser beam focusing relative to the workpiece, converting the time-dependent change of the focal point position into the change of the focal point position of the focusing lens 41 relative to the laser emitting head 2, and finally converting into the forward and reverse rotation of the driving device, and programming the time when the driving device rotates forward, reverse and reverse rotation in the PLC.
In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism includes a first gear 33, a second gear 34 and a third gear 35, the first gear 33 is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the driving device, the second gear 34 is fixedly sleeved on a gear shaft 36, the gear shaft 36 is rotationally connected with the fixed shell, the third gear 35 is fixedly sleeved on a screw 47, and the third gear 35 and the first gear 33 are respectively meshed with the second gear 34. The transmission ratio of the first gear 33 to the third gear 35 in the transmission mechanism is 2:1, so that the speed increasing effect can be achieved, and the rotation speed is increased.
In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism further includes a gear protecting shell 32 fixedly connected to the driving device, and the first gear 33 is located in the gear protecting shell 32; the gear protecting housing 32 is used for protecting the first gear 33, and preventing the rotation of the first gear 33 from being disturbed by the outside.
In the present embodiment, the adjusting range of the vertical movement of the focusing lens 41 is plus or minus 20mm, and the movement speed is 2m/min at maximum. The model of the closed-loop stepping motor 31 is FY28EL180BC1, the motor rotating speed is 1000r/min, the stepping driver is a closed-loop stepping driver, the model is FYDB504T, and the control module is a PLC programmable controller of Siemens.
The cooling module 5 comprises a pipeline cooling plate 54 fixedly connected with the shell of the programmable focusing module 4 and a first radiating fin 51 fixedly arranged on the pipeline cooling plate 54, a second radiating fin 49 for exchanging heat with the first radiating fin 51 is fixedly arranged on the supporting seat 42, the second radiating fin 49 is in sliding fit with the first radiating fin 51, and the first radiating fin 51 and the second radiating fin 49 are radiating fins which are arranged in parallel at intervals, so that the radiating fins of the first radiating fin and the second radiating fin can be crossed together, the second radiating fin 49 is fully contacted with the first radiating fin 51, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the relative movement of the first radiating fin and the second radiating fin is not influenced; the cooling pipeline is arranged in the pipeline cooling plate 54, two ends of the cooling pipeline are positioned on the surface of the pipeline cooling plate 54, one end of the cooling pipeline is provided with a liquid inlet 53, and the other end of the cooling pipeline is provided with a liquid outlet 52.
When in use, the liquid inlet 53 and the liquid outlet 52 of the cooling pipeline are respectively communicated with a cooling liquid source, so that the cooling liquid flows in the cooling pipeline, and heat on the first cooling fin 51 and the cooling plate is continuously taken away; it should be noted that, because in the working process, the focusing lens 41 and the supporting seat 42 can perform lifting movement, and the second cooling fin 49 is in sliding fit with the first cooling fin 51, in the process of up-and-down movement of the supporting seat 42 and the focusing lens 41, although the second cooling fin 49 can also perform lifting movement along with the supporting seat 42, the second cooling fin 49 can always perform heat exchange with the first cooling fin 51, so that the cooling module 5 can be used for cooling the focusing lens 41 in the whole process in the working process, and the cooling effect is good.
The protection mirror module 6 comprises a protection mirror 61, a protection mirror drawer 62 and a protection mirror mounting seat 63, the protection mirror 61 is mounted on the protection mirror drawer 62, the protection mirror 61 and the protection mirror drawer 62 are sealed through a first sealing ring 64, the protection mirror drawer 62 is in sliding fit with the protection mirror mounting seat 63, the protection mirror mounting seat 63 is fixedly connected with the lower base 46 of the focusing module 4, and a polytetrafluoroethylene gasket and a second sealing ring 65 are clamped between the protection mirror mounting seat 63 and the lower base 46; the protective lens 61 is coaxial with the focusing lens 41, and the laser light emitted through the focusing lens 41 can pass through the protective lens 61.
In this embodiment, the protection mirror drawer 62 is further provided with a spring ejecting device and a movable switch 621 for triggering the spring ejecting device, and when the spring ejecting device is triggered by the movable switch 621, the protection mirror drawer 62 can be ejected from the protection mirror mounting seat 63 under the action of the elastic force provided by the spring ejecting device; the trigger spring ejector and the movable switch 621 for the trigger spring ejector are commercially available parts, and are of the prior art, so the specific structure and working principle of the trigger spring ejector and the movable switch 621 will not be described in detail.
The gas protection module comprises an upper protection unit and a lower protection unit;
the upper protection unit comprises a first sleeve and a second sleeve 67 which are coaxially arranged, the first sleeve and the second sleeve 67 are respectively fixedly connected with the bottom end of the protection mirror drawer 62, the second sleeve 67 is sleeved outside the first sleeve, an annular cavity and a reverse cone annular air outlet 66 communicated with the annular cavity are formed between the second sleeve 67 and the first sleeve, and an air inlet 68 communicated with the annular cavity is formed in the side wall of the second sleeve 67;
the compressed protective gas enters the annular cavity through the air inlet hole 68 and then is sprayed out through the inverted cone-shaped air outlet hole 66, and as the cone-shaped air outlet hole 66 has a certain inclination angle, the protective gas can flow downwards at a certain angle after being sprayed out through the inverted cone-shaped air outlet hole 66, so that splashes in the welding process are prevented from flying to the protective lens 61, and the splashes are prevented from polluting the protective lens 61.
The lower protection unit comprises an air curtain 58 and a high-pressure protection support frame 57, the air curtain 58 is connected with the bottom end of the high-pressure protection support frame 57 through bolts, the top end of the high-pressure protection support frame 57 is connected with a tooling block 56 through bolts, the tooling block 56 is fixedly connected with a transition plate 69, and the bottom end of a second sleeve 67 is fixedly connected with the transition plate 69;
the center of the air curtain 58 is provided with a round hole 581 for the laser beam to pass through, the air curtain 58 is also provided with a strip-shaped air outlet 582, the air curtain 58 is provided with an air cavity communicated with the air outlet 582, the air cavity is also communicated with a protective air pipe 583, and protective air in the air source is introduced into the air cavity through the protective air pipe 583 and is transversely sprayed out through the air outlet 582 (the transverse direction means that the air spraying direction is perpendicular to the axial direction of the focusing lens 41); since the laser beam passes through the circular hole 581 in the center of the air curtain 58 and is focused on the surface of the workpiece to be welded, a large amount of spatter residues are generated on the surface of the workpiece to be welded, part of the spatter residues can be spattered onto the protective lens 61 through the circular hole 581, and the protective gas laterally ejected through the air outlet 582 can blow away the residues spatter toward the protective lens 61 through the circular hole 581, thereby avoiding the damages to the protective lens 61 due to the spatter of the residues onto the protective lens 61.
In this embodiment, the high-pressure protection support 57, the air curtain 58 and the tooling block 56 are all made of aluminum alloy; the material of the pipeline cooling plate 54, the first radiating fins 51, the second radiating fins 49 and the supporting seat 42 is red copper; the guide post 43 and the ball screw are made of bearing steel; the protection mirror drawer 62, the protection mirror mounting base 63, the first sleeve and the second sleeve 67 are all made of aluminum alloy.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A programmable laser welding focusing system, comprising:
the laser emission head is used for emitting parallel laser beams;
the focusing module comprises a fixed shell, a guide pillar, a ball screw, a supporting seat and a focusing lens, wherein the fixed shell is fixedly connected with the emitting end of the laser emitting head, the axial direction of the guide pillar, the axial direction of a screw rod in the ball screw and the axial direction of the focusing lens are parallel to the parallel laser beams, the guide pillar is fixedly connected with the fixed shell, two ends of the screw rod are respectively in running fit with the fixed shell through bearings, the supporting seat is fixedly connected with a nut in the ball screw and is sleeved on the guide pillar in a sliding manner, the focusing lens is installed on the supporting seat, and the focusing lens is used for focusing the parallel laser beams;
the focal point motion control system comprises a driving device, a transmission mechanism, a control module and three sensors for detecting the position of the focusing lens, wherein the driving device can drive the screw rod to rotate through the transmission mechanism; the sensor is in signal connection with the control module, the control module is used for controlling the operation of the driving device, and the control module adopts a PLC programmable controller.
2. The programmable laser welding focusing system of claim 1, wherein: the cooling module is also included; the cooling module comprises a pipeline cooling plate fixedly connected with the programmable focusing module shell and a first radiating fin fixedly arranged on the pipeline cooling plate, a second radiating fin for exchanging heat with the first radiating fin is fixedly arranged on the supporting seat, and the second radiating fin is in sliding fit with the first radiating fin; the cooling device is characterized in that a cooling pipeline is arranged in the pipeline cooling plate, two ends of the cooling pipeline are positioned on the surface of the pipeline cooling plate, and one end of the cooling pipeline is a liquid inlet, and the other end of the cooling pipeline is a liquid outlet.
3. The programmable laser welding focusing system of claim 1, wherein: the protective mirror module is also included; the protective lens module comprises a protective lens, a protective lens drawer and a protective lens mounting seat, wherein the protective lens is mounted on the protective lens drawer, the protective lens drawer is in sliding fit with the protective lens mounting seat, and the protective lens mounting seat is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the fixed shell; the protective lens is coaxial with the focusing lens, and laser emitted by the focusing lens can pass through the protective lens.
4. A programmable laser welding focusing system as in claim 3, wherein: the gas protection module comprises an upper protection unit and a lower protection unit;
the upper protection unit comprises a first sleeve and a second sleeve which are coaxially arranged, the first sleeve and the second sleeve are respectively fixedly connected with the bottom end of the protection mirror drawer, the second sleeve is sleeved outside the first sleeve, an annular cavity and an inverted cone annular air outlet hole communicated with the annular cavity are formed between the second sleeve and the first sleeve, and an air inlet hole communicated with the annular cavity is formed in the side wall of the second sleeve;
the lower protection unit comprises an air curtain and a high-pressure protection support frame, the air curtain is fixedly connected with the transition plate through the high-pressure protection support frame, and the bottom end of the second sleeve is fixedly connected with the transition plate.
5. The programmable laser welding focusing system of claim 1, wherein: the driving device adopts a closed-loop stepping motor and is fixedly connected with the fixed shell; the focus motion control system further comprises a stepping driver, wherein the closed-loop stepping motor is in signal connection with the stepping driver, and the stepping driver is in signal connection with the control module;
the transmission mechanism comprises a first gear, a second gear and a third gear, wherein the first gear is fixedly sleeved on an output shaft of the driving device, the second gear is fixedly sleeved on a gear shaft, the gear shaft is rotationally connected with the fixed shell, the third gear is fixedly sleeved on the screw, and the third gear and the first gear are respectively meshed with the second gear.
6. The programmable laser welding focusing system of claim 5, wherein: the transmission mechanism further comprises a gear protection shell fixedly connected with the driving device, and the first gear is located in the gear protection shell.
7. The programmable laser welding focusing system of claim 1, wherein: the number of the guide posts is four, and the focusing module further comprises a retainer; the retainer is fixedly connected with the fixed shell, and the guide post is fixedly connected with the retainer.
8. The programmable laser welding focusing system of claim 1, wherein: the three sensors are all inductive proximity switch sensors, and the three inductive proximity switch sensors are sequentially and fixedly arranged on the fixed shell at intervals along the axial direction of the guide pillar.
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