CN101774084A - Method and device for light, powder and gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming manufacturing - Google Patents
Method and device for light, powder and gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for light, powder and gas co-axial transmission laser cladding forming manufacturing, which is characterized in that: a circular section solid laser beam emitted by a laser is subjected to transformation and beam expansion by the optical path transformation to become a circular laser beam; the circular laser beam is focused to become a hollow circular cone focused laser beam; a powder spraying nozzle is arranged on the hollow part of the circular cone focused laser beam; the powder spraying nozzle and the circular cone focused laser beam are coaxial; the periphery of a single powder beam sprayed by the powder spraying nozzle is provided with a circle of collimation shielding gas curtain; and the collimation shielding gas curtain, the circular cone focused laser beam and the single powder beam sprayed by the powder spraying nozzle are coaxial. By arranging the collimation shielding gas curtain on the periphery of the powder beam, the method realizes the coaxial transmission of light, powders and gas and solves the defects in the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the laser machining forming field, be specifically related to the method and the device of a kind of light, powder, gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming manufacturing.
Background technology
In the prior art, the manufacturing of metal material synchronous powder feeding system laser cladding forming is finished by special laser melting coating shower nozzle, and is disclosed among its method and structure such as European patent WO2005028151 and the Japan Patent JP2005219060 etc.Basic principle is that light beam is placed in the middle, metal dust surrounds the scheme of carrying: the cylindrical laser bundle that laser instrument is sent is focused into the solid conical laser beam, finished surface places near the focus, the powder dust distributor that tilts at a plurality of relative beam axis of solid conical laser beam peripheral disposition is just in time also placed near the focus by the convergent point of many powder bundles that eject in a plurality of dust distributors.The all relative workpiece with the powder bundle of focal beam spot is done two dimension or three-dimensional scanning motion, and metal dust is constantly added in real time to be realized cladding and solidify and form molten road in the focal beam spot, and stack shaping progressively.In cladding process; also has an important process procedure; need exactly constantly by the inert protective gas that ejects certain pressure in the shower nozzle downwards; this is because the top in molten bath can produce splashes such as more thermal current and dust in the cladding process; thermal current and splash may be along the optical mirror slips in light path rising and then the pollution shower nozzle; cause power output to descend and fault such as heating, when serious even can cause eyeglass and burst.In addition, also need to cover the last layer inert protective gas at weld pool surface, not oxidized with the protection molten bath.Therefore, spraying protection gas is suppressing heat air-flow and splash, and the protection molten bath makes the laser cladding forming process can continue the requisite measure of carrying out.
Existing synchronous powder feeding system laser melting coating and protection gas jet method are referring to shown in Figure 1: solid laser beam 2 focuses on the surface of workpiece; many powder bundles 4 surround the peripheral laser beam axis relatively of laser beam and are in tilted layout, and converge near converging the focal beam spot of surface of the work.To enter shower nozzle inner and pollute the eyeglass of light path top in order to prevent thermal current and splash from rising, and is provided with protection gas 1 and sprays down along light beam below eyeglass.Because protection gas 1 is not parallel with the powder bundle 4 that is in tilted layout; when air pressure is excessive, will blow the powder bundle open; therefore protect gas 1 can only adopt less air pressure; but too small thermal current and the splash that can not effectively suppress rising of air pressure; can not form effective protection to the molten bath of surface of the work; therefore add a circle protection gas 5 in the periphery of powder bundle 4 again, form double shielding gas with protection gas 1.Yet there is bigger deficiency in existing scheme, the track of powder is to converge a parabola of dispersing, when powder bundle ejection tube cell, powder has lost the constraint of tube wall, and the powder kinematic parameter of different grain size and shape will fluctuate, and skyborne movement locus of powder and drop point also can be inconsistent, it is bigger that these all cause powder to fall regional extent, converge precision and be difficult to stablize, powder bundle poor rigidity is easily dispersed.Make the powder bundle toward external diffusion from the protection gas 1 of powder intermediate injection, and protection gas 5 makes the powder bundle toward interior diffusion, so the problem that double shielding gas exists pressure to coordinate mutually, its size adjustment control is very responsive, and the powder bundle accurately converges difficulty.Because the amount of powder instability that enters the molten bath, the powder that is sprayed at the next door, molten bath is molten or penetration not after weld pool solidifies, causes the physics and the geometrical defect of profiled surface.Cladding facts have proved, near the air-flow of the formation of double shielding gas shower nozzle generally all is a turbulent flow, adds the man-hour powder and splashes everywhere, and powder using efficiency is extremely low, and environmental pollution is very big.
At above-mentioned deficiency, the applicant once disclosed a kind of technique for manufacturing inner-light powder-supplying by laser machining forming and inner-light powder-supplying spray head at Chinese patent CN200610116413.1, realized hollow focussed laser beam inner-light powder-supplying, improved the precision that light, powder are coupled, but do not relate to the mode of movement of protection gas, and the correlation between protection gas and focussed laser beam, the powder bundle; Still have a definite divergence behind the powder ejection powder-feeding mouth; Powder bundle collimation and rigidity all have much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention
The method and the device that provide a kind of light, powder, gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming to make are provided in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the method that a kind of light, powder, gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming are made, pass through light chopper, after will carrying out conversion and expand bundle by the solid laser beam in the circular section that laser instrument sends, become the annular laser beam, described annular laser beam is focused on, become the annulus taper focussed laser beam of a hollow, arrange a dust distributor, dust distributor and annulus taper focussed laser beam coaxial line in annulus taper focussed laser beam hollow part; In the single powder bundle periphery of dust distributor ejection one circle collimation protection gas gas curtain is set, described collimation protection gas gas curtain is coaxial with the single powder Shu Sanzhe of annulus taper focussed laser beam and dust distributor ejection.
In the technique scheme, the air pressure of described collimation protection gas gas curtain is 0.1～0.5Mpa.
The device that a kind of light, powder, gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming are made; comprise a powder-supplying spray head cylindrical shell; described cylindrical shell top offers light inlet; its below offers light-emitting window; be provided with conical mirror in the face of light inlet in the described cylindrical shell; the relative also coaxial annular reflect focalization mirror that is provided with described conical mirror; described conical mirror below is fixed with powder feeding pipe; described powder feeding pipe lower end is provided with a dust distributor; described dust distributor is coaxial with laser beam, described dust distributor periphery, is positioned at and is provided with collimation protection air-casing between described conical mirror and dust distributor exit.
In the technique scheme, described collimation protection air-casing offers at least 4 circular ventholes along the circumferential direction, and described circular venthole aperture is 0.4～1.5mm, and the axis of described circular venthole is parallel with the axis of described dust distributor.
Another kind of technical scheme is, described collimation protection air-casing offers at least 3 circular arc ventholes along the circumferential direction, and described circular arc venthole width is 0.4～1.5mm, and the length direction of described circular arc venthole is parallel with the axis of described dust distributor.
Operation principle of the present invention is: entered in the cylindrical shell along tubular axis by the light inlet of laser instrument emitted laser bundle by the powder-supplying spray head cylindrical shell, be incident on the conical mirror minute surface that is installed in the cylindrical shell, through conical mirror reflection and expansion bundle, expand on the annular reflect focalization mirror of the extremely relative also coaxial setting of laser beam incident after restrainting, form the annular light beam then and reflex to the focusing of somewhere, cylindrical shell light-emitting window place with described conical mirror.Form an annulus taper focused beam like this between focus and annular reflect focalization mirror, this light beam middle part forms a conical hollow no light zone.Powder feeding pipe is entered the conical hollow no light zone at light beam middle part by cylindrical shell top or side, turn to focused beam coaxial then, the powder feeding pipe lower end is equipped with dust distributor, and the powder that is provided by outside powder feeder during work enters powder feeding pipe, sends into dust distributor again and is ejected to the focused beam center.The dust distributor periphery is provided with collimation protection air-casing; when dust distributor dusts; the venthole that collimation protection air-casing is offered along the circumferential direction ejects the collimation protective gas and forms collimation protection gas gas curtain; collimation protection gas is motion in one dimension; it under suitable pressure laminar flow or near laminar flow; can play collimating effect to the powder bundle; thereby obtain thin straight; good rigidly; disperse little powder bundle; light beam hollow like this; the powder bundle can be placed in the middle; collimation protection gas gas curtain is enclosed in powder bundle periphery, has realized that protection gas gas curtain is coaxial with the single powder Shu Sanzhe of annulus taper focussed laser beam and dust distributor ejection.
Because the technique scheme utilization, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1. the present invention is by adopting laser beam hollow, the powder bundle can be placed in the middle, collimation protection gas gas curtain is enclosed in powder bundle periphery, light, powder, the coaxial conveying of gas three have been realized, because collimation protection gas is one dimension and flows, powder is done up collimating effect, thereby can obtain thin straight, good rigidly, disperse little powder bundle, and improved the utilization rate of powder;
2. because collimation protection gas bag is trapped among powder bundle periphery, powder bundle good rigidly, disperse for a short time, significantly reduce powder and become scattered about the outer quantity of light beam, when improving powder using efficiency, reduced no cofusing particle formation, thereby obtained higher-quality profiled surface, more had and utilize the thin little fine structure that is shaped;
3. because collimation protection gas is single ply protective gas, and its pressure is easy to regulate control, can effectively suppress the thermal current and the splash of top, molten bath, protection cylinder lumen and eyeglass protect the molten bath not oxidized simultaneously.
4. the present invention is simple in structure, and is easy to operate, and is easy to realize.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is light in the prior art, powder, gas conveying schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is light in the embodiment of the invention one, powder, gas conveying schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the structure cutaway view of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 4 is the collimation protection air-casing structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 5 is the collimation protection air-casing structural representation of the embodiment of the invention two.
Wherein: 1, protection gas; 2, laser beam; 4, powder bundle; 5, protection gas; 11, protection gas; 12, laser beam; 13, powder bundle; 14, cylindrical shell; 15, light inlet; 16, light-emitting window; 17, conical mirror; 18, annular reflect focalization mirror; 19, powder feeding pipe; 20, dust distributor; 21, collimation protection air-casing; 22, venthole.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described:
Embodiment one: referring to shown in Fig. 2 to 4, the method that a kind of light, powder, gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming are made, pass through light chopper, after will carrying out conversion and expand bundle by the solid laser beam in the circular section that laser instrument sends, become the annular laser beam, described annular laser beam is focused on, become the annulus taper focussed laser beam of a hollow, arrange a dust distributor, dust distributor and annulus taper focussed laser beam coaxial line in annulus taper focussed laser beam hollow part; In the single powder bundle periphery of dust distributor ejection one circle collimation protection gas gas curtain is set, described collimation protection gas gas curtain is coaxial with the single powder Shu Sanzhe of annulus taper focussed laser beam and dust distributor ejection, and the air pressure of described collimation protection gas gas curtain is 0.1～0.5Mpa.
Realize a kind of light of said method; powder; the device that gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming is made; comprise a powder-supplying spray head cylindrical shell 14; described cylindrical shell 14 tops offer light inlet 15; its below offers light-emitting window 16; be provided with conical mirror 17 in the face of light inlet 15 in the described cylindrical shell 14; with described the conical mirror 17 relative and coaxial annular reflect focalization mirrors 18 that are provided with; described conical mirror 17 belows are fixed with powder feeding pipe 19; described powder feeding pipe 19 lower ends are provided with a dust distributor 20; described dust distributor 20 is coaxial with laser beam; described dust distributor 20 peripheries; be positioned at and be provided with collimation protection air-casing 21 between described conical mirror 17 and dust distributor 20 exits; described collimation protection air-casing 21 offers 6 circular ventholes 22 along the circumferential direction; described circular venthole 22 apertures are 0.4～1.5mm, and the axis of described circular venthole 22 is parallel with the axis of described dust distributor 20.
During use, laser beam is entered in the cylindrical shell along cylindrical shell 14 axis by the light inlet 15 of cylindrical shell 14, be incident on the conical mirror minute surface 17, through conical mirror 17 reflections and expansion bundle, laser beam incident behind the expansion bundle is to annular reflect focalization mirror 18, form the annular light beam then and reflex to the 16 outer somewheres focusing of cylindrical shell light-emitting window, form an annulus taper focused beam, this light beam middle part forms a conical hollow no light zone.Powder feeding pipe 19 enters the conical hollow no light zone at light beam middle part, turns to focused beam coaxially then, and the powder feeding pipe lower end is equipped with dust distributor 20, and the powder that is provided by outside powder feeder enters powder feeding pipe 19, sends into dust distributor 20 again and is ejected to the focused beam center.Dust distributor 20 peripheries are provided with collimation protection air-casing 21; when dust distributor 20 dusts; venthole 22 ejects gas and forms collimation protection gas gas curtain on the collimation protection air-casing 21; because light beam hollow; the powder bundle can be placed in the middle; collimation protection gas gas curtain is enclosed in powder bundle periphery, has realized that collimation protection gas gas curtain is coaxial with the single powder Shu Sanzhe of annulus taper focussed laser beam and dust distributor ejection.
Embodiment two: referring to shown in Figure 5; a kind of light; powder; the device that gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming is made; comprise a powder-supplying spray head cylindrical shell; described cylindrical shell top offers light inlet; its below offers light-emitting window; be provided with conical mirror in the face of light inlet in the described cylindrical shell; the relative also coaxial annular reflect focalization mirror that is provided with described conical mirror; described conical mirror below is fixed with powder feeding pipe; described powder feeding pipe lower end is provided with a dust distributor 20; described dust distributor is coaxial with laser beam; described dust distributor 20 peripheries; be positioned at and be provided with collimation protection air-casing 21 between described conical mirror and dust distributor 20 exits; described collimation protection air-casing 21 offers 3 circular arc ventholes 22 along the circumferential direction; described circular arc venthole 22 width are 0.4～1.5mm, and the length direction of described circular arc venthole 22 is parallel with the axis of described dust distributor 20.
The method that the light of present embodiment, powder, gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming are made is identical with embodiment one.
Claims (5)
1. the method made of a light, powder, gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming, it is characterized in that: pass through light chopper, after will carrying out conversion and expand bundle by the solid laser beam in the circular section that laser instrument sends, become the annular laser beam, described annular laser beam is focused on, become the annulus taper focussed laser beam of a hollow, arrange a dust distributor, dust distributor and annulus taper focussed laser beam coaxial line in annulus taper focussed laser beam hollow part; In the single powder bundle periphery of dust distributor ejection one circle collimation protection gas gas curtain is set, described collimation protection gas gas curtain is coaxial with the single powder Shu Sanzhe of annulus taper focussed laser beam and dust distributor ejection.
2. the method that a kind of light according to claim 1, powder, gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming are made is characterized in that: the air pressure of described collimation protection gas gas curtain is 0.1～0.5Mpa.
3. light; powder; the device that gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming is made; comprise a powder-supplying spray head cylindrical shell (14); described cylindrical shell (14) top offers light inlet (15); its below offers light-emitting window (16); be provided with conical mirror (17) in the face of light inlet (15) in the described cylindrical shell (14); the relative also coaxial annular reflect focalization mirror (18) that is provided with described conical mirror (17); described conical mirror (17) below is fixed with powder feeding pipe (19); described powder feeding pipe (19) lower end is provided with a dust distributor (20); described dust distributor (20) is coaxial with laser beam, it is characterized in that: described dust distributor (20) periphery; be positioned at and be provided with collimation protection air-casing (21) between described conical mirror (17) and dust distributor (20) exit.
4. the device that a kind of light according to claim 3, powder, gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming are made; it is characterized in that: described collimation protection air-casing (21) offers at least 4 circular ventholes (22) along the circumferential direction; described circular venthole (22) aperture is 0.4～1.5mm, and the axis of described circular venthole (22) is parallel with the axis of described dust distributor.
5. the device that a kind of light according to claim 3, powder, gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming are made; it is characterized in that: described collimation protection air-casing (21) offers at least 3 circular arc ventholes (22) along the circumferential direction; described circular arc venthole (22) width is 0.4～1.5mm, and the length direction of described circular arc venthole (22) is parallel with the axis of described dust distributor.
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| CN 201010017157 CN101774084A (en) | 2010-01-09 | 2010-01-09 | Method and device for light, powder and gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming manufacturing |
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| CN 201010017157 CN101774084A (en) | 2010-01-09 | 2010-01-09 | Method and device for light, powder and gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming manufacturing |
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Application publication date: 20100714 |