CN112853343A - Self-zooming laser cladding forming device and method - Google Patents
Self-zooming laser cladding forming device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112853343A CN112853343A CN202011617506.9A CN202011617506A CN112853343A CN 112853343 A CN112853343 A CN 112853343A CN 202011617506 A CN202011617506 A CN 202011617506A CN 112853343 A CN112853343 A CN 112853343A
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0916—Adapting the beam shape of a semiconductor light source such as a laser diode or an LED, e.g. for efficiently coupling into optical fibers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
- G02B27/0955—Lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0977—Reflective elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lenses (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a self-zooming laser cladding forming device and a method, wherein the forming device comprises a cylinder body, the upper end and the lower end of the cylinder body are respectively provided with a light inlet and a light outlet, and a light spot shaping unit, a light beam focusing unit and a feeding unit are arranged in the cylinder body between the light inlet and the light outlet; the light spot shaping unit is used for shaping the laser beam into a uniform light spot beam; the beam shaping unit is used for converting the light beam into a circular laser beam; the beam focusing unit is used for converting the circular laser beam into a divergent beam, then converting the divergent beam into a convergent beam, and realizing the change of the laser beam focus by adjusting the optical distance of the divergent beam; the feeding unit is positioned below the beam shaping unit and used for providing coating powder, and the powder feeding distance is changed to enable the focus of the powder beam to coincide with the focus of the laser beam. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and easy realization, and can realize high-efficiency cladding on deep-hole workpieces or complex workpieces with large surface fluctuation, which cannot be explored by the cladding device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material surface treatment, in particular to a self-zooming laser cladding forming device and method.
Background
The laser cladding forming method is a method for finally forming a metallurgical bonding cladding layer of a base material and a cladding material by fusing the cladding material and a thin layer of the surface of the base material together on the surface of the base material by using a high-energy density laser beam. In the laser cladding forming process, in order to meet the continuous cladding processing requirements of deep-hole workpieces or workpieces with greatly-changed surface height and realize high-efficiency and high-quality cladding processing, the requirements on lathe and robot control are further eliminated, the real-time variable of the focusing length of the laser spot and the accurate control of the size of the laser spot need to be realized, and in the prior art, the distance from the laser spot to an output device is short and constant, so that the requirements cannot be met.
In the existing laser processing and laser cladding forming manufacturing technology, the traditional laser cladding forming device is designed by adopting a design that a light spot is centered and a powder spot is positioned outside, if the focal length of the light spot is simply changed without changing the focal length of the powder spot, the focal point of the powder spot is not overlapped with the focal point of the light spot, and the cladding forming quality and the powder utilization rate are influenced; if the powder spot focus is moved at the same time, the design of protective gas needs to be comprehensively considered and the device capable of flexibly changing the powder spot spraying direction needs to be considered, so that the manufacturing difficulty of the device is increased.
Chinese patent CN101774084A is a method and device for light, powder and gas coaxial transmission laser cladding forming manufacturing, which adopts a conical reflector and a circular ring focusing mirror, and places an L-shaped powder feeding pipe in the center of a circular ring light spot to realize the powder feeding process in light, however, because the common laser beam is a gaussian laser beam with energy distribution concentrated at the center of the circle, for this incident laser beam, a conical reflector beam expander is directly adopted, and there are two problems: on one hand, the laser energy loss is large, and on the other hand, the requirements on the material and the heat dissipation of the conical reflector are high. In addition, the circular focusing mirror is used as a focusing unit in the above patent, and the circular focusing mirror is fixed in shape and fixed in position by the direction of the light beam reflected by the conical reflector, so that the self-zooming design of the laser cladding forming device cannot be realized.
Therefore, how to realize the simultaneous zooming of the spot focal length and the powder spot focal length so as to better meet the processing requirement becomes a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-zooming laser cladding forming device and method aiming at the problem that the focal length of a light spot and the focal length of a powder spot cannot be zoomed simultaneously in the prior art.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a self-zooming laser cladding forming device comprises a cylinder, wherein the upper end of the cylinder is provided with a light inlet, the lower end of the cylinder is provided with a light outlet, and a light spot shaping unit, a light beam focusing unit and a feeding unit are arranged in the cylinder between the light inlet and the light outlet;
the light spot shaping unit is used for shaping the laser beam into a uniform light spot light beam with uniformly distributed energy and transmitting the uniform light spot light beam to the light beam shaping unit;
the beam shaping unit is used for converting the light beam into a circular laser beam and transmitting the circular laser beam to the light beam focusing unit;
the beam focusing unit is used for converting the circular laser beam into a divergent beam, then converting the divergent beam into a convergent beam, and realizing the change of the laser beam focus by adjusting the optical distance of the divergent beam;
the feeding unit is positioned below the beam shaping unit and used for providing coating powder, and the powder feeding distance is changed to enable the focus of the powder beam to coincide with the focus of the laser beam.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and easy realization, and can realize high-efficiency cladding on deep-hole workpieces or complex workpieces with large surface fluctuation, which cannot be explored by the cladding device.
2. According to the invention, by changing the powder feeding distance, the distance from the powder tube to the light spot focus is not changed in the laser cladding forming self-zooming process, the influence of non-coincidence of the powder spot and the light spot caused by the change of the focus is eliminated, and the cladding forming quality, efficiency and powder utilization rate are greatly improved.
3. The laser spot shaping unit is used before the laser beam is converted into the circular laser beam, the laser beam spot is converted into the light beam with uniform energy distribution and enlarged spot, the laser energy loss is greatly reduced, and the amplitude reduction of more than 60% of the laser energy loss can be realized through actual measurement and calculation.
4. The focusing mode is simplified, the variable focal range is increased, the existence of a laser real focal point in the cladding forming device is avoided, and the laser cladding forming under a long working distance can be realized.
On the basis of the technical scheme, in order to achieve the convenience of use and the stability of equipment, the invention can also make the following improvements on the technical scheme:
further, the light spot shaping unit comprises a circular integral reflector and a collimation and expansion lens, an incident laser beam enters the circular integral reflector from a light inlet at an incident angle of 45 degrees, the circular integral reflector reflects a light beam to the collimation and expansion lens at an emergent angle of 45 degrees, and the collimation and expansion lens transmits the light beam to the light beam shaping unit.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the laser beam facula is converted into the light beam with uniform energy distribution and enlarged facula, so that the laser energy loss of the light beam in the subsequent process is greatly reduced, and the heat dissipation requirement and the manufacturing difficulty of the conical reflector are reduced.
Further, the light beam shaping unit comprises a conical reflector and an inner conical surface reflector, the conical reflector and the inner conical surface reflector have the same taper, the mirror surfaces are opposite and coaxially arranged, the light beam normally enters the taper angle of the conical reflector, the conical reflector reflects the light beam to the inner conical surface reflector, and the inner conical surface reflector reflects the light beam to form a circular laser beam and reflects the circular laser beam to the light beam focusing unit.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the laser beam is effectively shaped to the set size of the light spot and transmitted to the set position through the light outlet by avoiding a middle-through powder feeding device, so that the high-efficiency use of the laser energy is ensured.
Furthermore, the light beam shaping unit also comprises a reflector bracket, the conical reflector is fixed on the central axis of the cylinder by the reflector bracket, and the surface of the reflector bracket is coated with a light absorption film.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: simple structure, convenient operation guarantees conical reflector normal use, and the light absorption membrane can avoid the reflector support to the interference of beam transmission, guarantees the beam normal transmission.
Furthermore, a liquid channel, a powder pipe channel and a water channel are arranged in the reflector bracket.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the powder pipe channel ensures the normal transmission of powder, and the water channel realizes the water-cooling of the reflector and the focusing lens, thereby ensuring the normal use of the reflector and the focusing lens.
Further, the feeding unit is positioned below the reflector bracket.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: not only can avoid the interference to the transmission of the light beam, but also can provide enough space so as to adjust the feeding distance.
Further, the light beam focusing unit comprises a concave focusing lens, a convex focusing lens and a protective lens, the annular laser beam enters the concave focusing lens to form a divergent light beam, the divergent light beam enters the convex focusing lens to form a convergent light beam, the convergent light beam is emitted from the protective lens at the light outlet, the convergent light beam forms a laser beam focus on the surface of a workpiece, and the concave focusing lens is movably arranged in the cylinder to realize zooming of the laser beam focus.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the zoom is realized by changing the position of the lens in the combined focusing lens, the zoom range is improved under the condition of the same device size, and the combined lens design with separated positive and negative groups and a front negative group is adopted, so that the focusing mode is simplified, and the zoom range is increased.
Further, a lead screw and a micro linear guide rail are arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the cylinder body, the concave focusing lens is respectively connected with the lead screw and the micro linear guide rail, the lead screw is connected with a micro motor, and the lead screw drives the concave focusing lens to move along the micro linear guide rail under the driving of the micro motor.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the lead screw and the miniature linear guide rail realize the change of the position of the concave focusing lens in the cylinder body, thereby realizing the change of the focus of the laser beam, and having simple structure and stable movement.
Further, the pay-off unit is including sending the powder pipe, send the powder pipe to include hose section and metal pipe section, the hose section passes the barrel lateral wall and is connected with the metal pipe section in the barrel, metal pipe section one end is connected with miniature multistage cavity formula pneumatic cylinder, and the other end runs through outside the light beam focusing unit stretches out the barrel by the light-emitting port, miniature multistage cavity formula pneumatic cylinder drives and send the powder pipe along barrel axial displacement.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the flexible pipe is connected with the metal pipe, the flexibility and the allowance of the flexible pipe ensure the effective connection of the metal pipe when the powder feeding distance is adjusted, and the rigidity of the metal pipe ensures the position stability of the metal pipe in the cylinder and the powder feeding to a focusing point.
The invention also discloses a self-zooming laser cladding forming method, which adopts the forming device and comprises the following specific steps:
shaping a light beam emitted from a light inlet into a uniform light spot light beam with uniformly distributed energy; changing the uniform light spot light beam into a collimated and expanded uniform light spot light beam;
converting the collimated and expanded uniform light spot light beam into a circular laser beam;
converting the annular laser beam into a divergent beam, then converting the divergent beam into a convergent beam, wherein the convergent beam is emitted from a light outlet to form a laser beam focus on a workpiece, and the change of a focused light spot is realized by adjusting the optical distance of the divergent beam;
the feeding unit is arranged in the hollow no-light area of the circular laser beam, and the position of the discharge hole of the feeding unit is adjusted to enable the focus of the powder beam to coincide with the focus of the laser beam.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the powder beam focus and the laser beam focus can realize automatic focusing, realize the real-time variable of the focusing length of the laser beam and the accurate control of the powder beam focus position, and meet the continuous cladding processing requirements of deep-hole workpieces or workpieces with greatly changed surface height.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a self-zooming laser cladding forming device of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic short-focus diagram of the self-zooming laser cladding forming method of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a telephoto of the self-zooming laser cladding forming method.
The reference numbers are recorded as follows: 1. a barrel; 1-1, a light inlet; 1-2-1, a circular integrating mirror; 1-2-2, collimating and beam expanding lens; 1-3-1, a conical reflector; 1-3-2, an inner conical surface reflector; 1-3-3, a reflector holder; 1-4-1, a concave focusing lens; 1-4-1' and a concave focusing lens at the second position; 1-4-2, convex focusing lens; 1-4-3, lead screw; 1-4-4, a miniature linear guide rail; 1-4-5, protective glasses; 1-5-1, powder feeding pipe; 1-5-2, miniature multi-stage hollow hydraulic cylinder; 1-6, a light outlet; 2-1, incident laser beam; 2-2, homogenizing the light spot light beam; 2-3, collimating and expanding the beam to form uniform light spot beams; 2-4, circular ring laser beam; 2-5, diverging light beam; 2-5', a second diverging beam; 2-6, converging the light beam; 2-6', second converging beam.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a self-zooming laser cladding forming device comprises a barrel 1, wherein the barrel 1 is L-shaped, the upper end of the barrel 1 is provided with a light inlet 1-1, the lower end of the barrel 1 is provided with a light outlet 1-6, a laser beam enters from the light inlet 1-1 at the beginning of the barrel 1 and exits from the light outlet 1-6, and a light spot shaping unit, a light beam focusing unit and a feeding unit are arranged in the barrel 1 between the light inlet 1-1 and the light outlet 1-6;
the light spot shaping unit is used for shaping the laser beam into a uniform light spot light beam 2-2 with uniformly distributed energy and transmitting the uniform light spot light beam 2-2 to the light beam shaping unit;
the beam shaping unit is used for converting the light beam into a circular laser beam 2-4 and transmitting the circular laser beam 2-4 to the light beam focusing unit;
the light beam focusing unit is used for converting the annular laser beams 2-4 into divergent light beams 2-5, then converting the divergent light beams 2-5 into convergent light beams 2-6, and realizing the conversion of laser beam focuses by adjusting the optical distances of the divergent light beams 2-5;
the feeding unit is positioned below the beam shaping unit and used for providing coating powder, and the powder feeding distance is changed to enable the focus of the powder beam to coincide with the focus of the laser beam.
An incident laser beam 2-1 emitted by a laser is transmitted to a light spot shaping unit after being incident from a light inlet 1-1, the light spot shaping unit comprises a circular integral reflector 1-2-1 and a collimation beam expanding lens 1-2-2, the incident laser is incident to the circular integral reflector 1-2-1 from the light inlet 1-1 at an incident angle of 45 degrees, the circular integral reflector 1-2-1 is placed at an included angle of 45 degrees with an optical axis to shape an incident circular Gaussian energy distribution beam into a uniform light spot beam 2-2 with uniformly distributed energy, the circular integral reflector 1-2-1 reflects the uniform light spot beam 2-2 to the collimation beam expanding lens 1-2-2 at an angle of 45 degrees, and the collimation beam expanding lens 1-2-2 changes the uniform light spot beam 2-2 into a collimation beam expanding light spot uniform beam 2-3 and then transmits the uniform light spot beam 2-2 to the collimation beam expanding lens 2-3 And a light beam shaping unit.
The light beam shaping unit comprises a conical reflector 1-3-1 and an inner conical surface reflector 1-3-2, the conical reflector 1-3-1 and the inner conical surface reflector 1-3-2 have the same taper, the mirror surfaces are opposite and coaxially arranged, light beams, namely, collimation and beam expansion uniform facula light beams 2-3 are normally incident to the taper angle of the conical reflector 1-3-1, the conical reflector 1-3-1 reflects the light beams to the inner conical surface reflector 1-3-2, the inner conical surface reflector 1-3-2 reflects the light beams to form a circular laser beam 2-4, and the circular laser beam 2-4 is reflected to the light beam focusing unit. The annular laser beams 2-4 form a cylindrical hollow matt area in the center.
The light beam shaping unit also comprises a reflector support 1-3-3, one end of the reflector support 1-3-3 is fixed on the cylinder body 1, the other end of the reflector support passes through the annular laser beam 2-4 to enter the cylindrical hollow no-light area, the conical reflector 1-3-1 is fixed on the axis of the cylinder body 1, and the surface of the reflector support 1-3-3 is coated with a light absorption film which can absorb incident light and avoid the interference on the light beam transmission.
And a liquid channel, a powder pipe channel and a water channel are arranged in the reflector bracket 1-3-3.
The light beam focusing unit comprises a concave focusing lens 1-4-1, a convex focusing lens 1-4-2 and a protective lens 1-4-5, the circular laser beam 2-4 is normally incident to the concave focusing lens 1-4-1 to form a divergent light beam 2-5, the divergent light beam 2-5 is incident to the convex focusing lens 1-4-2 to form a convergent light beam 2-6, the convergent light beam 2-6 is emitted from the protective lens 1-4-5 at the light outlet 1-6, the convergent light beam 2-6 forms a laser beam focus on the surface of a workpiece, the convex focusing lens 1-4-2 is fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder 1, the concave focusing lens 1-4-1 can be movably arranged in the cylinder body 1 to realize the zooming of the laser beam focus.
The two sides of the inner wall of the cylinder body 1 are provided with a screw rod 1-4-3 and a micro linear guide rail 1-4-4, the concave focusing lens 1-4-1 is respectively connected with the screw rod 1-4-3 and the micro linear guide rail 1-4-4, the screw rod 1-4-3 is connected with a micro motor, and the screw rod 1-4-3 drives the concave focusing lens 1-4-1 to move along the micro linear guide rail 1-4-4 under the driving of the micro motor. When the concave focusing lens 1-4-1 moves in the cylinder 1, the position of the concave focusing lens 1-4-1 relative to the position of the convex focusing lens 1-4-2 can be changed, the convergent light beam 2-6 emitted from the protective lens 1-4-5 forms a laser beam focus on the surface of a workpiece, and the laser beam focus continuously moves along the axial direction along with the change of the position of the concave focusing lens 1-4-1, namely, the self-zooming of the light beam is realized.
The feeding unit is positioned below the reflector bracket 1-3-3. The feeding unit comprises a powder feeding pipe 1-5-1, the powder feeding pipe 1-5-1 comprises a hose section and a metal pipe section, and a collimating shielding gas outlet which is axially output along the powder pipe is arranged in the circumferential direction of a pipe orifice of the powder feeding pipe 1-5-1 so as to protect a group of lenses 1-4-5 from dust. The flexible pipe section penetrates through the side wall of the barrel body 1 and is connected with the metal pipe section in the barrel body 1, one end of the metal pipe section is connected with the miniature multi-stage hollow hydraulic cylinder 1-5-2, the other end of the metal pipe section penetrates through the light beam focusing unit and extends out of the barrel body 1 through the light outlet 1-6, the miniature multi-stage hollow hydraulic cylinder 1-5-2 drives the powder feeding pipe 1-5-1 to move along the axial direction of the barrel body 1, namely, the matching self-zooming movement of the powder feeding pipe 1-5-1 is completed, and the coincidence of the output powder beam focus and the laser beam focus is realized.
The center positions of the concave focusing lens 1-4-1, the convex focusing lens 1-4-2 and the protective glass 1-4-5 are provided with a through hole 1-5-1 of a powder feeding pipe.
In this embodiment, the hose section enters from the side of the cylinder 1, enters into the cylindrical hollow matt area along the bottom of the mirror support 1-3-3, turns and connects to the metal pipe section in the micro multi-stage hollow hydraulic cylinder 1-5-2.
A self-zooming laser cladding forming method adopts the forming device and comprises the following specific steps:
shaping an incident laser beam 2-1 emitted from a light inlet 1-1 into a uniform light spot beam 2-2 with uniformly distributed energy, and changing the uniform light spot beam 2-2 into a collimated and expanded uniform light spot beam 2-3;
converting the collimated expanded uniform light spot light beam 2-3 into a circular ring laser beam 2-4;
converting the annular laser beams 2-4 into divergent beams 2-5, then converting the divergent beams 2-5 into convergent beams 2-6, wherein the convergent beams 2-6 are emitted from light outlets 1-6 to form laser beam focuses on a workpiece, and the change of focused light spots is realized by adjusting the optical distances of the divergent beams 2-5;
the feeding unit is arranged in the hollow no-light area of the circular laser beams 2-4, and the position of the discharge port of the feeding unit is adjusted to enable the powder beam focus to coincide with the laser beam focus.
The method for realizing the long and short self-zooming specifically comprises the following steps:
when short focal length is needed for laser cladding forming, as shown in fig. 2, a micro motor drives a micro linear screw 1-4-3 in a cylinder 1 to move upwards to realize that a concave focusing lens 1-4-1 moves upwards along the central axis of the cylinder 1 to form a laser self-shortening focal length of the cylinder 1, the focal length of a combined focusing lens consisting of the concave focusing lens 1-4-1 and a convex focusing lens 1-4-2 is shortened, light beams emitted by the concave focusing lens 1-4-1 and the convex focusing lens 1-4-2 are respectively diverging light beams 2-5 and converging light beams 2-6, meanwhile, a micro multi-stage hollow hydraulic cylinder 1-5-2 contracts to drive a powder feeding pipe 1-5-1 to move upwards along the central axis of the cylinder 1 to realize that the laser focal distance of the converging light beams 2-6 at the tail end of the powder feeding pipe 1-5-1 is unchanged, i.e. the powder beam focus coincides with the laser beam focus.
When laser cladding forming needs a long focal length, as shown in fig. 3, a micro motor drives a micro linear screw 1-4-3 in a cylinder 1 to move downwards to realize that a concave focusing lens 1-4-1 moves downwards along the central axis of the cylinder 1 to be changed into a concave focusing lens 1-4-1 'at a second position, so that the focal length of a combined focusing lens is lengthened, namely the focal length of the laser of the cylinder 1 is automatically lengthened, at the moment, light beams emitted by the concave focusing lens 1-4-1' at the second position and the convex focusing lens 1-4-2 are a second divergent light beam 2-5 'and a second convergent light beam 2-6', and meanwhile, a micro multi-stage hollow hydraulic cylinder 1-5-2 is lengthened to drive a powder feeding pipe 1-5-1 to move downwards along the central axis of the cylinder 1, and the distance between the tail end of the powder feeding pipe 1-5-1 and the focal point of the laser of the second convergent light beam 2-6 I.e. the powder beam focus coincides with the laser beam focus.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The self-zooming laser cladding forming device is characterized by comprising a barrel (1), wherein the upper end of the barrel (1) is provided with a light inlet (1-1), the lower end of the barrel (1) is provided with a light outlet (1-6), and a light spot shaping unit, a light beam focusing unit and a feeding unit are arranged in the barrel (1) between the light inlet (1-1) and the light outlet (1-6);
the light spot shaping unit is used for shaping the laser beam into a uniform light spot light beam (2-2) with uniformly distributed energy and transmitting the uniform light spot light beam to the light beam shaping unit;
the beam shaping unit is used for converting the light beam into a circular laser beam (2-4) and transmitting the circular laser beam (2-4) to the light beam focusing unit;
the light beam focusing unit is used for converting the circular laser beams (2-4) into divergent light beams (2-5), then converting the divergent light beams (2-5) into convergent light beams (2-6), and realizing the conversion of laser beam focuses by adjusting the optical distances of the divergent light beams (2-5);
the feeding unit is positioned below the beam shaping unit and used for providing coating powder, and the powder feeding distance is changed to enable the focus of the powder beam to coincide with the focus of the laser beam.
2. The self-zooming laser cladding shaping device according to claim 1, wherein the light spot shaping unit comprises a circular integrating mirror (1-2-1) and a collimating beam expanding lens (1-2-2), an incident laser beam (2-1) is incident to the circular integrating mirror (1-2-1) from a light inlet (1-1) at an incident angle of 45 °, the circular integrating mirror (1-2-1) reflects the light beam to the collimating beam expanding lens (1-2-2) at an emergent angle of 45 °, and the collimating beam expanding lens (1-2-2) transmits the light beam to the light beam shaping unit.
3. The self-zooming laser cladding shaping apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the beam shaping unit comprises a conical mirror (1-3-1) and an inner conical mirror (1-3-2), the conical reflector (1-3-1) and the inner conical reflector (1-3-2) have equal taper, the mirror surfaces are opposite and coaxially arranged, the light beam normally enters the taper angle of the conical reflector (1-3-1), the conical reflector (1-3-1) reflects the light beam to the inner conical reflector (1-3-2), the inner conical surface reflecting mirror (1-3-2) reflects the light beam to form a circular ring laser beam (2-4) and reflects the circular ring laser beam (2-4) to the light beam focusing unit.
4. The self-zooming laser cladding forming device according to claim 3, wherein the beam shaping unit further comprises a reflector bracket (1-3-3), the conical reflector (1-3-1) is fixed on the central axis of the barrel (1) by the reflector bracket (1-3-3), and the surface of the reflector bracket (1-3-3) is coated with a light absorption film.
5. The self-zooming laser cladding forming device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a liquid channel, a powder tube channel and a water channel are arranged in the reflector bracket (1-3-3).
6. The self-zooming laser cladding forming device according to claim 4, wherein the feeding unit is located below the reflector bracket (1-3-3).
7. The self-zooming laser cladding forming device as recited in claim 1, wherein the beam focusing unit comprises a concave focusing lens (1-4-1), a convex focusing lens (1-4-2) and a protective lens (1-4-5), the circular laser beam (2-4) forms a divergent beam (2-5) after entering the concave focusing lens (1-4-1), the divergent beam (2-5) forms a convergent beam (2-6) after entering the convex focusing lens (1-4-2), the convergent beam (2-6) exits from the protective lens (1-4-5) at the light outlet (1-6), the convergent beam (2-6) forms a laser beam focus on the surface of a workpiece, and the concave focusing lens (1-4-1) is movably arranged in the barrel (1) to realize the effect that the concave focusing lens (1-4-1) can move in the barrel (1) Zooming of the laser beam focus.
8. The self-zooming laser cladding forming device as claimed in claim 7, wherein a lead screw (1-4-3) and a micro linear guide rail (1-4-4) are arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the cylinder (1), the concave focusing lens (1-4-1) is respectively connected with the lead screw (1-4-3) and the micro linear guide rail (1-4-4), the lead screw (1-4-3) is connected with a micro motor, and the lead screw (1-4-3) drives the concave focusing lens (1-4-1) to move along the micro linear guide rail (1-4-4) under the driving of the micro motor.
9. The self-zooming laser cladding forming device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding unit comprises a powder feeding pipe (1-5-1), the powder feeding pipe (1-5-1) comprises a hose section and a metal pipe section, the hose section penetrates through the side wall of the barrel body (1) to be connected with the metal pipe section in the barrel body (1), one end of the metal pipe section is connected with the micro multi-stage hollow hydraulic cylinder (1-5-2), the other end of the metal pipe section penetrates through the beam focusing unit and extends out of the barrel body (1) from the light outlet (1-6), and the micro multi-stage hollow hydraulic cylinder (1-5-2) drives the powder feeding pipe (1-5-1) to move axially along the barrel body (1).
10. The self-zooming laser cladding forming method is characterized in that the forming device of any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
shaping an incident laser beam (2-1) emitted from a light inlet (1-1) into a uniform light spot beam (2-2) with uniformly distributed energy, and changing the uniform light spot beam (2-2) into a collimated and expanded uniform light spot beam (2-3);
converting the collimated expanded uniform light spot light beam (2-3) into a circular laser beam (2-4);
converting the annular laser beam (2-4) into a divergent beam (2-5), then converting the divergent beam (2-5) into a convergent beam (2-6), wherein the convergent beam (2-6) is emitted from a light outlet (1-6) to form a laser beam focus on a workpiece, and the change of a focused light spot is realized by adjusting the optical distance of the divergent beam (2-5);
the feeding unit is arranged in the hollow no-light area of the circular laser beam (2-4), and the position of the discharge port of the feeding unit is adjusted to ensure that the powder beam focus coincides with the laser beam focus.
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